{"pageNumber":"332","pageRowStart":"8275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70024672,"text":"70024672 - 2002 - Regional controls on geomorphology, hydrology, and ecosystem integrity in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024672","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional controls on geomorphology, hydrology, and ecosystem integrity in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela","docAbstract":"Interacting river discharge, tidal oscillation, and tropical rainfall across the 22,000 km2 Orinoco delta plain support diverse fresh and brackish water ecosystems. To develop environmental baseline information for this largely unpopulated region, we evaluate major coastal plain, shallow marine, and river systems of northeastern South America, which serves to identify principal sources and controls of water and sediment flow into, through, and out of the Orinoco Delta. The regional analysis includes a summary of the geology, hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics, and geomorphic characteristics of the Orinoco drainage basin, river, and delta system. Because the Amazon River is a major source of sediment deposited along the Orinoco coast, we summarize Amazon water and sediment input to the northeastern South American littoral zone. We investigate sediment dynamics and geomorphology of the Guiana coast, where marine processes and Holocene history are similar to the Orinoco coast. Major factors controlling Orinoco Delta water and sediment dynamics include the pronounced annual flood discharge; the uneven distribution of water and sediment discharge across the delta plain; discharge of large volumes of water with low sediment concentrations through the Rio Grande and Araguao distributaries; water and sediment dynamics associated with the Guayana littoral current along the northeastern South American coast; inflow of large volumes of Amazon sediment to the Orinoco coast; development of a fresh water plume seaward of Boca Grande; disruption of the Guayana Current by Trinidad, Boca de Serpientes, and Gulf of Paria; and the constriction at Boca de Serpientes. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00179-9","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Warne, A., Meade, R., White, W., Guevara, E., Gibeaut, J., Smyth, R., Aslan, A., and Tremblay, T., 2002, Regional controls on geomorphology, hydrology, and ecosystem integrity in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela: Geomorphology, v. 44, no. 3-4, p. 273-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00179-9.","startPage":"273","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478648,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.505.3083","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207850,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00179-9"},{"id":233095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4b6e4b0e8fec6cdbc1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warne, A.G.","contributorId":97669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warne","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, W.A.","contributorId":24489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guevara, E.H.","contributorId":89693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guevara","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gibeaut, J.","contributorId":51502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibeaut","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smyth, R.C.","contributorId":41994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smyth","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aslan, A.","contributorId":9802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aslan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tremblay, T.","contributorId":106288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tremblay","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70024670,"text":"70024670 - 2002 - U-Pb ages of secondary silica at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Implications for the paleohydrology of the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70024670","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Pb ages of secondary silica at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Implications for the paleohydrology of the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"Uranium, Th and Pb isotopes were analyzed in layers of opal and chalcedony from individual mm- to cm-thick calcite and silica coatings at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, a site that is being evaluated for a potential high-level nuclear waste repository. These calcite and silica coatings on fractures and in lithophysal cavities in Miocene-age tuffs in the unsaturated zone (UZ) precipitated from descending water and record a long history of percolation through the UZ. Opal and chalcedony have high concentrations of U (10 to 780 ppm) and low concentrations of common Pb as indicated by large values of 206Pb/204Pb (up to 53,806), thus making them suitable for U-Pb age determinations. Interpretations of U-Pb isotope systems in opal samples at Yucca Mountain are complicated by the incorporation of excess 234U at the time of mineral formation, resulting in reverse discordance of U-Pb ages. However, the 207PB/235U ages are much less affected by deviation from initial secular equilibrium and provide reliable ages of most silica deposits between 0.6 and 9.8 Ma. For chalcedony subsamples showing normal age discordance, these ages may represent minimum times of deposition. Typically, 207Pb/235U ages are consistent with the microstratigraphy in the mineral coating samples, such that the youngest ages are for subsamples from outer layers, intermediate ages are from inner layers, and oldest ages are from innermost layers. 234U and 230Th in most silica layers deeper in the coatings are in secular equilibrium with 238U, which is consistent with their old age and closed system behavior during the past -0.5 Ma. The ages for subsamples of silica layers from different microstratigraphic positions in individual calcite and silica coating samples collected from lithophysal cavities in the welded part of the Topopah Spring Tuff yield slow long-term average growth rates of 1 to 5 mm/Ma. These data imply that the deeper parts of the UZ at Yucca Mountain maintained long-term hydrologic stability over the past 10 Ma. despite significant climate variations. U-Pb ages for subsamples of silica layers from different microstratigraphic positions in individual calcite and silica coating samples collected from fractures in the shallower part of the UZ (welded part of the overlying Tiva Canyon Tuff) indicate larger long-term average growth rates up to 23 mm/Ma and an absence of recently deposited materials (ages of outermost layers are 3-5 Ma.). These differences between the characteristics of the coatings for samples from the shallower and deeper parts of the UZ may indicate that the nonwelded tuffs (PTn), located between the welded parts of the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring Tuffs, play an important role in moderating UZ flow.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00032-X","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Neymark, L., Amelin, Y., Paces, J., and Peterman, Z.E., 2002, U-Pb ages of secondary silica at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Implications for the paleohydrology of the unsaturated zone: Applied Geochemistry, v. 17, no. 6, p. 709-734, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00032-X.","startPage":"709","endPage":"734","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478726,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc740548/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":207826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00032-X"},{"id":233061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9c3e4b08c986b327dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelin, Y.","contributorId":62800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024640,"text":"70024640 - 2002 - Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:53:27","indexId":"70024640","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id14\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"><p>Near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire (USA), hydraulically conductive, fractured bedrock was investigated with the crosswell seismic method to determine whether this method could provide any information about hydraulic conductivity between wells. To this end, crosswell seismic data, acoustic logs from boreholes, image logs from boreholes, and single borehole hydraulic tests were analyzed. The analysis showed that, first, the P-wave velocities from the acoustic logs tended to be higher in schist than they were in granite. (Schist and granite were the dominant rock types). Second, the P-wave velocities from the acoustic logs tended to be low near fractures. Third, the hydraulic conductivity was always low (always less than to 10<sup>−8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m/s) where no fractures intersected the borehole, but the hydraulic conductivity ranged from low to high (from less than to 10<sup>−10</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m/s to 10<sup>−4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m/s) where one or more fractures intersected the borehole. Fourth, high hydraulic conductivities were slightly more frequent when the P-wave velocity was low (less than 5200 m/s) than when it was high (greater than or equal to 5200 m/s). The interpretation of this statistical relation was that the fractures tended to increase the hydraulic conductivity and to lower the P-wave velocity. This statistical relation was applied to a velocity tomogram to create a map showing the probability of high hydraulic conductivity; the map was consistent with results from independent hydraulic tests.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00149-0","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., Hsieh, P.A., and Shapiro, A., 2002, Crosswell seismic investigation of hydraulically conductive, fracture bedrock near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 50, no. 3, p. 299-317, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00149-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00149-0"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcc8e4b0c8380cd4e429","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":402066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024618,"text":"70024618 - 2002 - Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T08:41:07","indexId":"70024618","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Parasites and pathogens can influence the survivorship, behavior, and very structure of their host species. For example, experimental studies have shown that trematode parasites can cause high frequencies of severe limb malformations in amphibians. In a broad-scale field survey covering parts of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Montana, we examined relationships between the frequency and types of morphological abnormalities in amphibians and the abundance of trematode parasite infection, pH, concentrations of 61 pesticides, and levels of orthophosphate and total nitrate. We recorded severe malformations at frequencies ranging from 1% to 90% in nine amphibian species from 53 aquatic systems. Infection of larvae by the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae was associated with, and functionally related to, higher frequencies of amphibian limb malformations than found in uninfected populations (≤5%). Parasites were concentrated around the basal tissue of hind limbs in infected anurans, and malformations associated with infection included skin webbings, supernumerary limbs and digits, and missing or malformed hind limbs. In the absence of Ribeiroia, amphibian populations exhibited low (0-5%) frequencies of abnormalities involving missing digits or distal portions of a hind limb. Species were affected differentially by the parasite, and Ambystoma macrodactylum, Hyla regilla, Rand aurora, R. luteiventris, and Taricha torosa typically exhibited the highest frequencies of abnormalities. None of the water-quality variables measured was associated with malformed amphibians, but aquatic snail hosts (Planorbella spp.) were significant predictors of the presence and abundance of Ribeiroia infection. Morphological comparisons of adult specimens of Ribeiroia collected from different sites and raised in experimental definitive hosts suggested that all samples represented the same species - R. ondatrae. These field results, coupled with experimental research on the effects of Ribeiroia on amphibians, demonstrate that Ribeiroia infection is an important and widespread cause of amphibian limb malformations in the western United States. The relevance of trematode infection to declines of amphibian populations and the influence of habitat modification on the pathology and life cycle of Ribeiroia are emphasized as areas requiring further research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ESA","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Johnson, P., Lunde, K., Thurman, E., Ritchie, E., Wray, S., Sutherland, D., Kapfer, J., Frest, T., Bowerman, J., and Blaustein, A., 2002, Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States: Ecological Monographs, v. 72, no. 2, p. 151-168, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0151:PROILT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Parasite_Ribeiroia_ondatrae_infection_linked_to_amphibian_malformations_in_the_western_United_States/20877172","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a74d6e4b0c8380cd77867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, P.T.J.","contributorId":104255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunde, K.B.","contributorId":10200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunde","given":"K.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ritchie, E.G.","contributorId":97285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wray, S.N.","contributorId":90505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sutherland, D.R.","contributorId":15376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutherland","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kapfer, J.M.","contributorId":68505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapfer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Frest, T.J.","contributorId":70964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frest","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowerman, J.","contributorId":94824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowerman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Blaustein, A.R.","contributorId":40325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaustein","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70024589,"text":"70024589 - 2002 - Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:14","indexId":"70024589","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo","docAbstract":"The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo generated extreme sediment yields from watersheds heavily impacted by pyroclastic flows. Bedload sampling in the Pasig-Potrero River, one of the most heavily impacted rivers, revealed negligible critical shear stress and very high transport rates that reflected an essentially unlimited sediment supply and the enhanced mobility of particles moving over a smooth, fine-grained bed. Dimensionless bedload transport rates in the Pasig-Potrero River differed substantially from those previously reported for rivers in temperate regions for the same dimensionless shear stress, but were similar to rates identified in rivers on other volcanoes and ephemeral streams in arid environments. The similarity between volcanically disturbed and arid rivers appears to arise from the lack of an armored bed surface due to very high relative sediment supply; in arid rivers, this is attributed to a flashy hydrograph, whereas volcanically disturbed rivers lack armoring due to sustained high rates of sediment delivery. This work suggests that the increases in sediment supply accompanying massive disturbance induce morphologic and hydrologic changes that temporarily enhance transport efficiency until the watershed recovers and sediment supply is reduced. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00155-6","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Hayes, S., Montgomery, D.R., and Newhall, C.G., 2002, Fluvial sediment transport and deposition following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo: Geomorphology, v. 45, no. 3-4, p. 211-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00155-6.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207641,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00155-6"},{"id":232769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a4e4b0c8380cd543a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayes, S.K.","contributorId":81667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, D. R.","contributorId":41582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Montgomery","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024574,"text":"70024574 - 2002 - Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:39:16","indexId":"70024574","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study","docAbstract":"<p>Processes influencing estuarine phytoplankton growth occur over a range of time scales, but many conceptual and numerical models of estuarine phytoplankton production dynamics neglect mechanisms occurring on the shorter (e.g., intratidal) time scales. We used a numerical model to explore the influence of short time-scale variability in phytoplankton sources and sinks on long-term growth in an idealized water column that shallows and deepens with the semidiurnal tide. Model results show that tidal fluctuations in water surface elevation can determine whether long-term phytoplankton growth is positive or negative. Hourly-scale interactions influencing weekly-scale to monthly-scale phytoplankton dynamics include intensification of the depth-averaged benthic grazing effect by water column shallowing and enhancement of water column photosynthesis when solar noon coincides with low tide. Photosynthesis and benthic consumption may modulate over biweekly time scales due to spring-neap fluctuations in tidal range and the 15-d cycle of solar noon-low tide phasing. If tidal range is a large fraction of mean water depth, then tidal shallowing and deepening may significantly influence net phytoplankton growth. In such a case, models or estimates of long-term phytoplankton production dynamics that neglect water surface fluctuations may overestimate or underestimate net growth and could even predict the wrong sign associated with net growth rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02804885","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., and Cloern, J., 2002, Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study: Estuaries, v. 25, no. 4 A, p. 497-507, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02804885.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4 A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a080de4b0c8380cd51955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024552,"text":"70024552 - 2002 - Movement of water through the thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes in the western Mojave Desert, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:36:41","indexId":"70024552","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of water through the thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes in the western Mojave Desert, USA","docAbstract":"Previous studies indicate that a small quantity of recharge occurs from infiltration of streamflow in intermittent streams in the upper Mojave River basin, in the western Mojave Desert, near Victorville, California. Chloride, tritium, and stable isotope data collected in the unsaturated zone between 1994 and 1998 from boreholes drilled in Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes indicate that infiltration of streamflow occurs to depths below the root zone, and presumably to the water table, along much of Oro Grande Wash and near the mountain front along Sheep Creek Wash. Differences in infiltration at sites along each wash are the result of hydrologic variables such as proximity to the mountain front, quantity of streamflow, and texture of the subsurface deposits. Differences in infiltration between the washes are the result of large-scale geomorphic processes. For example, Oro Grande wash is incised into the Victorville fan and infiltration has occurred at approximately the same location over recent geologic time. In contrast, Sheep Creek Wash overlies an active alluvial fan and the stream channel can move across the fan surface through time. Infiltration does not occur to depths below the root zone at control sites outside of the washes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrogeology Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10040-002-0194-8","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J., Radyk, J., and Michel, R.L., 2002, Movement of water through the thick unsaturated zone underlying Oro Grande and Sheep Creek Washes in the western Mojave Desert, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 10, no. 3, p. 409-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0194-8.","startPage":"409","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207685,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0194-8"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f27e4b0c8380cd70dd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, J. A. 0000-0003-0816-4408","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":28244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radyk, J.","contributorId":63984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radyk","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024548,"text":"70024548 - 2002 - 15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:00:13","indexId":"70024548","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting","docAbstract":"T15NT was added to a soil of low organic carbon content and composted for 20 days in an aerobic bench scale reactor. The finished whole compost and fulvic acid, humic acid, humin, and lignocellulose fractions extracted from the compost were analyzed by solid-state CP/MAS and DP/MAS 15N NMR. 15N NMR spectra provided direct spectroscopic evidence for reduction of TNT followed by covalent binding of the reduced metabolites to organic matter of the composted soil, with the majority of metabolite found in the lignocellulose fraction, by mass also the major fraction of the compost. In general, the types of bonds formed between soil organic matter and reduced TNT amines in controlled laboratory reactions were observed in the spectra of the whole compost and fractions, confirming that during composting TNT is reduced to amines that form covalent bonds with organic matter through aminohydroquinone, aminoquinone, heterocyclic, and imine linkages, among others. Concentrations of imine nitrogens in the compost spectra suggestthat covalent binding bythe diamines 2,4DANT and 2,6DANT is a significant process in the transformation of TNT into bound residues. Liquid-phase 15N NMR spectra of the fulvic acid and humin fractions provided possible evidence for involvement of phenoloxidase enzymes in covalent bond formation.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es011382r","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Thorn, K.A., Pennington, J., and Hayes, C., 2002, 15N NMR investigation of the reduction and binding of TNT in an aerobic bench scale reactor simulating windrow composting: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 17, p. 3797-3805, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011382r.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3797","endPage":"3805","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e227e4b0c8380cd459d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennington, J.C.","contributorId":105085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennington","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, C.A.","contributorId":50691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024539,"text":"70024539 - 2002 - Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024539","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems","docAbstract":"Research from several regions of the world provides spatially anecdotal evidence to hypothesize which hydrologic and agricultural factors contribute to groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination. Analysis of nationally consistent measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey's NAWOA program confirms these hypotheses for a substantial range of agricultural systems. Shallow unconfined aquifers are most susceptible to nitrate contamination associated with agricultural systems. Alluvial and other unconsolidated aquifers are the most vulnerable and shallow carbonate aquifers provide a substantial but smaller contamination risk. Where any of these aquifers are overlain by permeable soils the risk of contamination is larger. Irrigated systems can compound this vulnerability by increasing leaching facilitated by additional recharge and additional nutrient applications. The agricultural system of corn, soybeans, and hogs produced significantly larger concentrations of groundwater nitrate than all other agricultural systems, although mean nitrate concentrations in counties with dairy, poultry, cattle and grains, and horticulture systems were similar. If trends in the relation between increased fertilizer use and groundwater nitrate in the United States are repeated in other regions of the world, Asia may experience increasing problems because of recent increases in fertilizer use. Groundwater monitoring in Western and Eastern Europe as well as Russia over the next decade may provide data to determine if the trend in increased nitrate contamination can be reversed. If the concentrated livestock trend in the United States is global, it may be accompanied by increasing nitrogen contamination in groundwater. Concentrated livestock provide both point sources in the confinement area and intense non-point sources as fields close to facilities are used for manure disposal. Regions where irrigated cropland is expanding, such as in Asia, may experience the greatest impact of this practice.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Science and Technology","language":"English","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., and Stoner, J., 2002, Nitrate in aquifers beneath agricultural systems, <i>in</i> Water Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 19-28.","startPage":"19","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233160,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66a1e4b0c8380cd72eb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024538,"text":"70024538 - 2002 - Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:55:48","indexId":"70024538","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms","docAbstract":"<p><span>Society is becoming increasingly aware of the value of healthy aquatic ecosystems as well as the effects that man’s activities have on those ecosystems. In recent years, many urban and industrial sources of contamination have been reduced or eliminated. The agricultural community also has worked towards reducing off-site movement of agricultural chemicals, but their use in farming is still growing. A small fraction, estimated at &lt;1 to 2% of the pesticides applied to crops are lost from fields and enter nearby streams during rainfall events. In many cases aquatic organisms are exposed to mixtures of chemicals, which may lead to greater non-target risk than that predicted based on traditional risk assessments for single chemicals. We evaluated the potential toxicity of environmental mixtures of 5 classes of pesticides using concentrations from water samples collected from ∼50 sites on midwestern streams during late spring or early summer runoff events in 1989 and 1998. Toxicity index values are calculated as the concentration of the compound in the sample divided by the EC50 or LC50 of an aquatic organism. These index values are summed within a pesticide class and for all classes to determine additive pesticide class and total pesticide toxicity indices. Toxicity index values greater than 1.0 indicate probable toxicity of a class of pesticides measured in a water sample to aquatic organisms. Results indicate that some samples had probable toxicity to duckweed and green algae, but few are suspected of having significant toxicity to bluegill sunfish or chorus frogs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., and Fairchild, J., 2002, Potential toxicity of pesticides measured in midwestern streams to aquatic organisms: Water Science and Technology, v. 45, no. 9, p. 95-103.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351866,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wst.iwaponline.com/content/45/9/95"}],"volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7f65e4b0c8380cd7aae3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.","contributorId":80388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairchild, J.","contributorId":50321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairchild","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024535,"text":"70024535 - 2002 - Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:38:59","indexId":"70024535","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river","docAbstract":"<p><span>The hydrologic regime of the Illinois River has been altered over the past 100 years. Locks and dams regulate water surface elevations and flow, enabling commercial navigation to continue year round. This study relates changes in water surface elevation to fish abundance in the river, and establishes target criteria for operating locks and dams. Using long-term records of daily river stage, we identified ecologically meaningful hydrological parameters for eight gage locations along the Illinois River. Inter-annual variability of a long-term fisheries dataset beginning in 1957 was related to variability in stage, flood and recession duration, frequency, timing, and rate of change of water levels. Reversals in water surface elevation, maximum stage levels, and length of the spring flood were the most important parameters influencing abundance of age-zero fishes in annual collections. Smallmouth buffalo (</span><i>Ictiobus bubalus</i><span>), black crappie (</span><i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i><span>), freshwater drum (</span><i>Aplodinotus grunneins</i><span>), and white bass (</span><i>Morone chrysops</i><span>) were most abundant in samples during years that approximated the natural water level regime. Of the 33 hydrologic parameters evaluated for the entire water year from an Illinois River gage site on La Grange Reach, all except average stage in January and Julian date (JD) of maximum stage had moderate or high hydrologic alteration based on the historical range of variation (RVA). The highest degree of hydrologic alteration was for minimum stage levels (1-day, 3-day, and 7-day), rate-of-rise, and rate-of-fall. Other parameters that have been severely altered were 30-day minimum stage, 90-day maximum stage, and the annual number of water level reversals. Operations of the La Grange and Peoria locks and dams could be modified so water level variability would approximate that of the late 1800s, when fish and wildlife resources were abundant. The water regime could be regulated to maintain navigation and improve conditions for native plants and animals without increasing flood damages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.630","usgsCitation":"Koel, T., and Sparks, R.E., 2002, Historical patterns of river stage and fish communities as criteria for operations of dams on the Illinois river: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 1, p. 3-19, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.630.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3195e4b0c8380cd5e045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koel, Todd M.","contributorId":196920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koel","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, Richard E.","contributorId":39091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024534,"text":"70024534 - 2002 - Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers based on flow characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:40:07","indexId":"70024534","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers based on flow characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several aspects of flow have been shown to be important determinants of biological community structure and function in streams, yet direct application of this approach to large rivers has been limited. Using a multivariate approach, we grouped flow gauges into hydrologically similar units in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers and developed a model based on flow variability parameters that could be used to test hypotheses about the role of flow in determining aquatic community structure. This model could also be used for future comparisons as the hydrological regime changes. A suite of hydrological parameters for the recent, post-impoundment period (1 October 1966–30 September 1996) for each of 15 gauges along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers were initially used. Preliminary graphical exploration identified five variables for use in further multivariate analyses. Six hydrologically distinct units composed of gauges exhibiting similar flow characteristics were then identified using cluster analysis. Discriminant analyses identified the three most influential variables as flow per unit drainage area, coefficient of variation of mean annual flow, and flow constancy. One surprising result was the relative similarity of flow regimes between the two uppermost and three lowermost gauges, despite large differences in magnitude of flow and separation by roughly 3000 km. Our results synthesize, simplify and interpret the complex changes in flow occurring along the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers, and provide an objective grouping for future tests of how these changes may affect biological communities.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.635","usgsCitation":"Pegg, M.A., and Pierce, C.L., 2002, Classification of reaches in the Missouri and lower Yellowstone Rivers based on flow characteristics: River Research and Applications, v. 18, no. 1, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.635.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1118&context=nrem_pubs","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River, Yellowstone River","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ce4b0c8380cd4c5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pegg, Mark A.","contributorId":198830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pegg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Clay L. cpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Clay","email":"cpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":350,"text":"Iowa Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":401611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024531,"text":"70024531 - 2002 - Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents at Area 6, Dover Air Force Base: Groundwater biogeochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024531","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents at Area 6, Dover Air Force Base: Groundwater biogeochemistry","docAbstract":"Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) has recently emerged as a viable groundwater remediation technology in the United States. Area 6 at Dover Air Force Base (Dover, DE) was chosen as a test site to examine the potential for MNA of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater and aquifer sediments. A \"lines of evidence\" approach was used to document the occurrence of natural attenuation. Chlorinated hydrocarbon and biogeochemical data were used to develop a site-specific conceptual model where both anaerobic and aerobic biological processes are responsible for the destruction of PCE, TCE, and daughter metabolites. An examination of groundwater biogeochemical data showed a region of depleted dissolved oxygen with elevated dissolved methane and hydrogen concentrations. Reductive dechlorination likely dominated in the anaerobic portion of the aquifer where PCE and TCE levels were observed to decrease with a simultaneous increase in cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethene, and dissolved chloride. Near the anaerobic/aerobic interface, concentrations of cis-DCE and VC decreased to below detection limits, presumably due to aerobic biotransformation processes. Therefore, the contaminant and daughter product plumes present at the site appear to have been naturally attenuated by a combination of active anaerobic and aerobic biotransformation processes. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00218-2","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Witt, M., Klecka, G., Lutz, E., Ei, T., Grosso, N., and Chapelle, F.H., 2002, Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents at Area 6, Dover Air Force Base: Groundwater biogeochemistry: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 61-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00218-2.","startPage":"61","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207800,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00218-2"},{"id":233017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62dbe4b0c8380cd72158","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Witt, M.E.","contributorId":82895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klecka, G.M.","contributorId":17014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klecka","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutz, E.J.","contributorId":8260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ei, T.A.","contributorId":71733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ei","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grosso, N.R.","contributorId":70153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosso","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70024529,"text":"70024529 - 2002 - Dissimilatory arsenate reductase activity and arsenate-respiring bacteria in bovine rumen fluid, hamster feces, and the termite hindgut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:51:40","indexId":"70024529","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1619,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology","onlineIssn":"1574-6941","printIssn":"0168-6496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissimilatory arsenate reductase activity and arsenate-respiring bacteria in bovine rumen fluid, hamster feces, and the termite hindgut","docAbstract":"<p>Bovine rumen fluid and slurried hamster feces completely reduced millimolar levels of arsenate to arsenite upon incubation under anoxic conditions. This activity was strongly inhibited by autoclaving or aerobic conditions, and partially inhibited by tungstate or chloramphenicol. The rate of arsenate reduction was faster in feces from a population of arsenate-watered (100 ppm) hamsters compared to a control group watered without arsenate. Using radioisotope methods, arsenate reductase activity in hamster feces was also detected at very low concentrations of added arsenate (∼10 μM). Bacterial cultures were isolated from these materials, as well as from the termite hindgut, that grew using H<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>as their electron donor, acetate as their carbon source, and arsenate as their respiratory electron acceptor. The three cultures aligned phylogenetically either with well-established enteric bacteria, or with an organism associated with feedlot fecal wastes. Because arsenite is transported across the gut epithelium more readily than arsenate, microbial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate in the gut may promote the body's absorption of arsenic and hence potentiate its toxicity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00266-0","issn":"01686496","usgsCitation":"Herbel, M., Switzer, B.J., Hoeft, S., Cohen, S., Arnold, L., Lisak, J., Stolz, J., and Oremland, R., 2002, Dissimilatory arsenate reductase activity and arsenate-respiring bacteria in bovine rumen fluid, hamster feces, and the termite hindgut: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v. 41, no. 1, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00266-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478683,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6496(02)00266-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207776,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00266-0"},{"id":232979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0229e4b0c8380cd4fefe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Switzer, Blum J.","contributorId":33076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"Blum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoeft, S.E.","contributorId":24479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cohen, S.M.","contributorId":48353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arnold, L.L.","contributorId":36714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lisak, J.","contributorId":36715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisak","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70194882,"text":"70194882 - 2002 - Thermocouple psychrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T09:23:56","indexId":"70194882","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5605,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Book Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"5.4","chapter":"3.2.3","title":"Thermocouple psychrometry","docAbstract":"<p>Thermocouple psychrometry is a technique that infers the water potential of the liquid phase of a sample from measurements within the vapor phase that is in equilibrium with the sample. The theoretical relation between water potential of the liquid phase and relative humidity of the vapor phase is given by the Kelvin equation</p><p> <span>Ψ&nbsp;</span>= energy/volume = (RT/Vw) ln(p/po) [3.2.3–1]</p><p>where ψ is water potential (sum of matric and osmotic potential, MPa), R is the universal gas constant (8.314 × 10<sup>-6</sup> MJ mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), T is temperature (K), Vw is molar volume of water (1.8 × 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup>), and <i>p/p<sub>o</sub></i> is relative humidity expressed as a fraction where p is actual vapor pressure of air in equilibrium with the liquid phase (MPa) and<i> p<sub>o</sub> </i>is saturation vapor pressure (MPa) at T.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22","isbn":"978-0-89118-893-3","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., and Scanlon, B., 2002, Thermocouple psychrometry, chap. 3.2.3 <i>of</i> Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods: Soil Science Society of America Book Series, p. 609-642, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"642","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9de4b06e28e9cabb32","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dane, Jacob H.","contributorId":91371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dane","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topp, G. Clarke","contributorId":92664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Topp","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clarke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R.","contributorId":74093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024518,"text":"70024518 - 2002 - Linking the pacific decadal oscillation to seasonal stream discharge patterns in Southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70024518","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking the pacific decadal oscillation to seasonal stream discharge patterns in Southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"This study identified and examined differences in Southeast Alaskan streamflow patterns between the two most recent modes of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Identifying relationships between the PDO and specific regional phenomena is important for understanding climate variability, interpreting historical hydrological variability, and improving water-resources forecasting. Stream discharge data from six watersheds in Southeast Alaska were divided into cold-PDO (1947-1976) and warm-PDO (1977-1998) subsets. For all watersheds, the average annual streamflows during cold-PDO years were not significantly different from warm-PDO years. Monthly and seasonal discharges, however, did differ significantly between the two subsets, with the warm-PDO winter flows being typically higher than the cold-PDO winter flows and the warm-PDO summer flows being typically lower than the cold-PDO flows. These results were consistent with and driven by observed temperature and snowfall patterns for the region. During warm-PDO winters, precipitation fell as rain and ran-off immediately, causing higher than normal winter streamflow. During cold-PDO winters, precipitation was stored as snow and ran off during the summer snowmelt, creating greater summer streamflows. The Mendenhall River was unique in that it experienced higher flows for all seasons during the warm-PDO relative to the cold-PDO. The large amount of Mendenhall River discharge caused by glacial melt during warm-PDO summers offset any flow reduction caused by lack of snow accumulation during warm-PDO winters. The effect of the PDO on Southeast Alaskan watersheds differs from other regions of the Pacific Coast of North America in that monthly/seasonal discharge patterns changed dramatically with the switch in PDO modes but annual discharge did not. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00058-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., Todd, W.M., and Coffeen, C., 2002, Linking the pacific decadal oscillation to seasonal stream discharge patterns in Southeast Alaska: Journal of Hydrology, v. 263, no. 1-4, p. 188-197, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00058-6.","startPage":"188","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207664,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00058-6"},{"id":232802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"263","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47dde4b0c8380cd67a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, E.G.","contributorId":60691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Walter M.","contributorId":31163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffeen, C.","contributorId":30789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffeen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024516,"text":"70024516 - 2002 - Selenium stable isotope ratios in California agricultural drainage water management systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:55:18","indexId":"70024516","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium stable isotope ratios in California agricultural drainage water management systems","docAbstract":"Selenium stable isotope ratios are known to shift in predictable ways during various microbial, chemical, and biological processes, and can be used to better understand Se cycling in contaminated environments. In this study we used Se stable isotopes to discern the mechanisms controlling the transformation of oxidized, aqueous forms of Se to reduced, insoluble forms in sediments of Se-affected environments. We measured 80Se/76Se in surface waters, shallow ground waters, evaporites, digested plants and sediments, and sequential extracts from several sites where agricultural drainage water is processed in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Selenium isotope analyses of samples obtained from the Tulare Lake Drainage District flow-through wetland reveal small isotopic contrasts (mean difference 0.7%o) between surface water and reduced Se species in the underlying sediments. Selenium in aquatic macrophytes was very similar isotopically to the NaOH and Na2SO3 sediment extracts designed to recover soluble organic Se and Se(O), respectively. For the integrated on-farm drainage management sites, evaporite salts were slightly (approximately 0.6%o) enriched in the heavier isotope relative to the inferred parent waters, whereas surface soils were slightly (approximately 1.4%o) depleted. Bacterial or chemical reduction of Se(VI) or Se(IV) may be occurring at these sites, but the small isotopic contrasts suggest that other, less isotopically fractionating mechanisms are responsible for accumulation of reduced forms in the sediments. These findings provide evidence that Se assimilation by plants and algae followed by deposition and mineralization is the dominant transformation pathway responsible for accumulation of reduced forms of Se in the wetland sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq2002.1146","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Herbel, M., Johnson, T., Tanji, K., Gao, S., and Bullen, T., 2002, Selenium stable isotope ratios in California agricultural drainage water management systems: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1146-1156, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.1146.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1146","endPage":"1156","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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S.","contributorId":48725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gao","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024505,"text":"70024505 - 2002 - Reconstruction of hydrological changes and response to effective moisture variations from North-Central USA lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024505","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstruction of hydrological changes and response to effective moisture variations from North-Central USA lake sediments","docAbstract":"Ratios of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in benthic ostracodes and marl from cores taken from two lakes in north-central Minnesota reflect Holocene hydrological and vegetation changes. Oxygen isotopes show that Williams and Shingobee Lakes, located in the same watershed but with different positions along a hydrologic gradient, were connected before 9.8 ka as part of a larger lake, Lake Willobee. From 9.8-7.7 ka, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of glacial retreat and increasing evaporation, leaving small separated basins. Further decreases in lake level after 7.7 ka due to increasing aridity triggered the inflow of ground water in Williams Lake at about 7 ka, and in Shingobee Lake at about 5 ka. After 4 ka effective moisture increased. The carbon-isotope record reflects changes in vegetation with higher ??13C values during the prairie period (7.7-4 ka) and lower values during preceding and succeeding forest periods. The differences in timing of hydrological events show that the biotic and geochemical response of the lakes to climate variations is mediated by their hydrologic systems. The response may be strongly spatially heterogeneous and can result in contrasting information from geochemical and biotic proxies from the same paleorecord. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00121-4","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Schwalb, A., and Dean, W., 2002, Reconstruction of hydrological changes and response to effective moisture variations from North-Central USA lake sediments: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 21, no. 12-13, p. 1541-1554, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00121-4.","startPage":"1541","endPage":"1554","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207885,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00121-4"},{"id":233159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a25ce4b0e8fec6cdb59b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwalb, A.","contributorId":31129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwalb","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024504,"text":"70024504 - 2002 - HIBAL: A hydrologic-isotopic-balance model for application to paleolake systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70024504","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HIBAL: A hydrologic-isotopic-balance model for application to paleolake systems","docAbstract":"A simple hydrologic-isotopic-balance (HIBAL) model for application to paleolake ??18O records is presented. Inputs to the model include discharge, on-lake precipitation, evaporation, and the ??18O values of these fluid fluxes. Monthly values of climatic parameters that govern the fractionation of 18O and 16O during evaporation have been extracted from historical data sets and held constant in the model. The ability of the model to simulate changes in the hydrologic balance and the ??18O evolution of the mixed layer has been demonstrated using measured data from Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Simulations of the response in ??18O to step- and periodic-function changes in fluid inputs indicate that the hydrologic balance and ??18O values lag climate change. Input of reconstructed river discharges and their ??18O values to Pyramid and Walker lakes indicates that minima and maxima in simulated ??18O records correspond to minima and maxima in the reconstructed volume records and that the overall shape of the volume and ??18O records is similar. The model was also used in a simulation of abrupt oscillations in the ??18O values of paleo-Owens Lake, California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00094-4","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., and Paillet, F., 2002, HIBAL: A hydrologic-isotopic-balance model for application to paleolake systems: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 21, no. 12-13, p. 1521-1539, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00094-4.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1539","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207884,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00094-4"},{"id":233158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e7be4b0c8380cd5c5a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paillet, F.","contributorId":73372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024502,"text":"70024502 - 2002 - Bioavailability of organic matter in a highly disturbed Estuary: The role of detrital and algal resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:28:16","indexId":"70024502","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of organic matter in a highly disturbed Estuary: The role of detrital and algal resources","docAbstract":"<p>The importance of algal and detrital food supplies to the planktonic food web of a highly disturbed, estuarine ecosystem was evaluated in response to declining zooplankton and fish populations. We assessed organic matter bioavailability among a diversity of habitats and hydrologic inputs over 2 years in San Francisco Estuary's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Results show that bioavailable dissolved organic carbon from external riverine sources supports a large component of ecosystem metabolism. However, bioavailable particulate organic carbon derived primarily from internal phytoplankton production is the dominant food supply to the planktonic food web. The relative importance of phytoplankton as a food source is surprising because phytoplankton production is a small component of the ecosystem's organic-matter mass balance. Our results indicate that management plans aimed at modifying the supply of organic matter to riverine, estuarine, and coastal food webs need to incorporate the potentially wide nutritional range represented by different organic matter sources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"PNAS","doi":"10.1073/pnas.122614399","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Sobczak, W.V., Cloern, J., Jassby, A., and Muller-Solger, A.B., 2002, Bioavailability of organic matter in a highly disturbed Estuary: The role of detrital and algal resources: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 99, no. 12, p. 8101-8105, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122614399.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"8101","endPage":"8105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478656,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122614399","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207867,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122614399"}],"volume":"99","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13ee4b0c8380cd4ab0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sobczak, W. V.","contributorId":41983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sobczak","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muller-Solger, A. B.","contributorId":25333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muller-Solger","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70024497,"text":"70024497 - 2002 - Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial outwash sand aquifer, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:41:43","indexId":"70024497","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial outwash sand aquifer, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recharge rates of nitrate (NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>) to groundwater beneath agricultural land commonly are greater than discharge rates of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in nearby streams, but local controls of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>distribution in the subsurface generally are poorly known. Groundwater dating (CFC,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H) was combined with chemical (ions and gases) and stable isotope (N, S, and C) analyses to resolve the effects of land use changes, flow patterns, and water‐aquifer reactions on the distributions of O</span><sub>2</sub><span>, NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>=</sup><span>, and other constituents in a two‐dimensional vertical section leading from upland cultivated fields to a riparian wetland and stream in a glacial outwash sand aquifer near Princeton, Minnesota. Within this section a “plume” of oxic NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>‐rich groundwater was present at shallow depths beneath the fields and part of the wetland but terminated before reaching the stream or the wetland surface. Groundwater dating and hydraulic measurements indicate travel times in the local flow system of 0 to &gt;40 years, with stratified recharge beneath the fields, downward diversion of the shallow NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>‐bearing plume by semiconfining organic‐rich valley‐filling sediments under the wetland and upward discharge across the valley and stream bottom. The concentrations and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and N</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate that the NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume section was bounded in three directions by a curvilinear zone of active denitrification that limited its progress; however, when recalculated to remove the effects of denitrification, the data also indicate changes in both the concentrations and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N values of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>that was recharged in the past. Isotope data and mass balance calculations indicate that FeS</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and other ferrous Fe phases were the major electron donors for denitrification in at least two settings: (1) within the glacial‐fluvial aquifer sediments beneath the recharge and discharge areas and (2) along the bottom of the valley‐filling sediments in the discharge area. Combined results indicate that the shape and progress of the oxic NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plume termination were controlled by a combination of (1) historical and spatial variations in land use practices, (2) contrast in groundwater flow patterns between the agricultural recharge area and riparian wetland discharge area, and (3) distribution and abundance of electron donors in both the sand aquifer and valley‐filling sediments. The data are consistent with slow migration of redox zones through the aquifer in response to recharging oxic groundwater during Holocene time, then an order‐of‐magnitude increase in the flux of electron acceptors as a result of agricultural NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>contamination in the late twentieth century, to which the redox zone configuration still may be adjusting. The importance of denitrification for NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>movement through formerly glaciated terrains should depend on the source areas and depositional environments of the glacial sediments, as well as geomorphology and recent stream‐valley sediment history.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2001WR000663","usgsCitation":"Böhlke, J., Wanty, R., Tuttle, M., Delin, G., and Landon, M.K., 2002, Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial outwash sand aquifer, Minnesota: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 7, p. 10-1-10-26, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000663.","productDescription":"1105; 26 p.","startPage":"10-1","endPage":"10-26","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-07-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9ae4b0c8380cd4ee11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":99300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuttle, M.","contributorId":26397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Delin, G.","contributorId":86142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":401477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70024493,"text":"70024493 - 2002 - A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024493","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism","docAbstract":"Passive microwave brightness temperatures of snowpacks depend not only on the snow depth, but also on the internal snowpack properties, particularly the grain size, which changes through the winter. Algorithms that assume a constant grain size can yield erroneous estimates of snow depth or water equivalent. For snowpacks that are subject to temperatures well below freezing, the bulk temperature gradient through the snowpack controls the metamorphosis of the snow grains. This study used National Weather Service (NWS) station measurements of snow depth and air temperature from the Northern US Great Plains to determine temporal and spatial variability of the snow depth and bulk snowpack temperature gradient. This region is well suited for this study because it consists primarily of open farmland or prairie, has little relief, is subject to very cold temperatures, and has more than 280 reporting stations. A geostatistical technique called Kriging was used to grid the randomly spaced snow depth measurements. The resulting snow depth maps were then compared with the passive microwave observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). Two snow seasons were examined: 1988-89, a typical snow year, and 1996-97, a record year for snow that was responsible for extensive flooding in the Red River Basin. Inspection of the time series of snow depth and microwave spectral gradient (the difference between the 19 and 37 GHz bands) showed that while the snowpack was constant, the spectral gradient continued to increase. However, there was a strong correlation (0.6 < R2 < 0.9) between the spectral gradient and the cumulative bulk temperature gradient through the snowpack (TGI). Hence, TGI is an index of grain size metamorphism that has occurred within the snowpack. TGI time series from 21 representative sites across the region and the corresponding SSM/I observations were used to develop an algorithm for snow depth that requires daily air temperatures. Copyright ?? 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1020","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Josberger, E., and Mognard, N.M., 2002, A passive microwave snow depth algorithm with a proxy for snow metamorphism: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 8, p. 1557-1568, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1020.","startPage":"1557","endPage":"1568","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1020"},{"id":232977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d3e4b0c8380cd46964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Josberger, E.G.","contributorId":61161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mognard, N. M.","contributorId":27612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mognard","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024488,"text":"70024488 - 2002 - Influence of an extreme high water event on survival, reproduction, and distribution of snail kites in Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T16:09:27.922759","indexId":"70024488","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of an extreme high water event on survival, reproduction, and distribution of snail kites in Florida, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrology frequently has been reported as the environmental variable having the greatest influence on Florida snail kite (</span><i>Rostrhamus sociabilis</i><span>) populations. Although drought has received the most attention, high-water conditions also have been reported to affect kites. Years of high water generally have been reported to be favorable for nesting, although prolonged high water may be detrimental to sustaining suitable habitat. During 1994 and 1995, southern Florida experienced an extreme high water event. This event enabled us to compare survival, nesting success, number of young per successful nest, and spatial distribution of nesting before, during, and after the event. We found no evidence of an effect (either negative or positive) on survival of adult kites. In contrast, juvenile kites experienced the highest survival during the event, although our data suggest greater annual variability than can be explained by the event alone. We found no evidence of an effect of the high water event on nest success or number of young per successful nest. Nest success was highest during the event in the southern portion of the range but was quite similar to other years, both before and after the event. Our data do indicate a substantial shift in the spatial distribution of nesting birds. During the event, nesting activity shifted to higher elevations (i.e., shallower water) in the major nesting areas of the Everglades region. Nesting also occurred in Big Cypress National Preserve during the event, which is typically too dry to support nesting kites. Thus, our data indicate a potential shortterm benefit of increased juvenile survival and an expansion of nesting habitat. However, the deterioration of habitat quality from prolonged high water precludes any recommendation for such conditions to be maintained for extended periods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0366:IOAEHW]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bennetts, R.E., Kitchens, W.M., and Dreitz, V., 2002, Influence of an extreme high water event on survival, reproduction, and distribution of snail kites in Florida, USA: Wetlands, v. 22, no. 2, p. 366-373, https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0366:IOAEHW]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"366","endPage":"373","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              25.045792240303445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              25.045792240303445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.91455078125,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              28.323724553546015\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90283203125,\n              25.045792240303445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b0ee4b0c8380cd621c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennetts, Robert E.","contributorId":62508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kitchens, Wiley M. kitchensw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"Wiley","email":"kitchensw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":401445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dreitz, Victoria","contributorId":172457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dreitz","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":5097,"text":"University of Montana, Division of Biological Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":401444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70024486,"text":"70024486 - 2002 - Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T09:51:18","indexId":"70024486","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rainfall monitoring is a regular activity of food security analysts for sub-Saharan Africa due to the potentially disastrous impact of drought. Crop water accounting schemes are used to track rainfall timing and amounts relative to phenological requirements, to infer water limitation impacts on yield. Unfortunately, many rain gauge reports are available only after significant delays, and the gauge locations leave large gaps in coverage. As an alternative, a grid-cell-based formulation for the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) was tested for maize in Southern Africa. Grids of input variables were obtained from remote sensing estimates of rainfall, meteorological models, and digital soil maps. The spatial WRSI was computed for the 1996–97 and 1997–98 growing seasons. Maize yields were estimated by regression and compared with a limited number of reports from the field for the 1996–97 season in Zimbabwe. Agreement at a useful level (</span><i>r</i><span> = 0·80) was observed. This is comparable to results from traditional analysis with station data. The findings demonstrate the complementary role that remote sensing, modelling, and geospatial analysis can play in an era when field data collection in sub-Saharan Africa is suffering an unfortunate decline.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.1025","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Verdin, J., and Klaver, R., 2002, Grid-cell-based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system: Hydrological Processes, v. 16, no. 8, p. 1617-1630, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1025.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1617","endPage":"1630","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1025"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6fe4b0c8380cd5b19b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, J. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":26112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaver, R. 0000-0002-3263-9701","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":40378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70024482,"text":"70024482 - 2002 - Methylmercury in flood-control impoundments and natural waters of northwestern Minnesota, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T10:48:02","indexId":"70024482","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury in flood-control impoundments and natural waters of northwestern Minnesota, 1997-99","docAbstract":"<p>We studied methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (HgT) in impounded and natural surface waters in northwestern Minnesota, in settings ranging from agricultural to undeveloped. In a recently constructed (1995) permanent-pool impoundment, MeHg levels typically increased from inflow to outflow during 1997; this trend broke down from late 1998 to early 1999. MeHg levels in the outflow reached seasonal maxima in mid-summer (maximum of 1.0 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup> in July 1997) and late-winter (maximum of 6.6 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup> in February 1999), and are comparable to high levels observed in new hydroelectric reservoirs in Canada. Spring and autumn MeHg levels were typically about 0.1&ndash;0.2 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup>. Overall, MeHg levels in both the inflow (a ditch that drains peatlands) and outflow were significantly higher than in three nearby reference natural lakes. Eleven older permanent-pool impoundments and six natural lakes in northwestern Minnesota were sampled five times. The impoundments typically had higher MeHg levels (0.071&ndash;8.36 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup>) than natural lakes. Five of six lakes MeHg levels typical of uncontaminated lakes (0.014&ndash;1.04 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup>) with highest levels in late winter, whereas a hypereutrophic lake had high levels (0.37&ndash;3.67 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup>) with highest levels in mid-summer. Seven temporary-pool impoundments were sampled during summer high-flow events. Temporary-pool impoundments that retained water for about 10&ndash;15 days after innundation yielded pronounced increases in MeHg from inflow to outflow, in one case reaching 4.6 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup>, which was about 2 ng L<sup>&minus;1</sup> greater than the mean inflow concentration during the runoff event.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1015573621474","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., Krabbenhoft, D., Olson, M., and DeWild, J., 2002, Methylmercury in flood-control impoundments and natural waters of northwestern Minnesota, 1997-99: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 138, no. 1, p. 61-78, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015573621474.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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