Many streams are experiencing increased average temperatures due to anthropogenic activity and climate change. As a result, surface water temperature regulation is critical for preserving a diverse stream fish species assemblage. The development of temperature regulations has generally been based on laboratory measurements of individual species' thermal tolerances rather than community response to temperature in the field, despite multiple limitations of using laboratory data for this purpose. Using field data to develop temperature regulations may avoid some of the limitations of laboratory data, but the use of field data comes with additional challenges that prevent its widespread adoption. We used Wyoming stream fish assemblages as a case study to examine the feasibility of addressing the limitations of field and laboratory data through a hybrid approach that integrates both types of data to classify species into thermal guilds that can potentially inform regulatory standards. We identified coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater classes of sites with modeled mean August temperatures of <15.5, 15.5–19.9, and >19.9°C, respectively. We used species' associations with these temperature classes to place species into site‐groups. Finally, we used standardized laboratory measures of species' upper acute and chronic thermal tolerances to identify and reclassify species with unusual thermal distributions. Through this process we classified species into five thermal guilds that may be useful for surface water temperature regulation in Wyoming. Our approach addresses the limitations identified for field and laboratory data and demonstrates a framework that could be used for incorporating multiple types of data to develop temperature standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10169","usgsCitation":"Mandeville, C.P., Rahel, F.J., Patterson, L.S., and Walters, A.W., 2019, Integrating fish assemblage data, modeled stream temperatures, and thermal tolerance metrics to develop thermal guilds for water temperature regulation: Wyoming case study: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 148, no. 4, p. 739-754, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10169.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"754","ipdsId":"IP-098236","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandeville, Caitlin P. 0000-0002-1361-607X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-607X","contributorId":243378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rahel, Frank J.","contributorId":171824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rahel","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Lindsay S.","contributorId":243379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":48707,"text":"Wyoming Dept of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217883,"text":"70217883 - 2019 - A framework for characterising and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T13:22:03.223877","indexId":"70217883","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-13T07:20:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for characterising and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental modelling","docAbstract":"Environmental modelling is transitioning from the traditional paradigm that focuses on the model and its quantitative performance to a more holistic paradigm that recognises successful model-based outcomes are closely tied to undertaking modelling as a social process, not just as a technical procedure. This paper redefines evaluation as a multi-dimensional and multi-perspective concept, and proposes a more complete framework for identifying and measuring the effectiveness of modelling that serves the new paradigm. Under this framework, evaluation considers a broader set of success criteria, and emphasises the importance of contextual factors in determining the relevance and outcome of the criteria. These evaluation criteria are grouped into eight categories: project efficiency, model accessibility, credibility, saliency, legitimacy, satisfaction, application, and impact. Evaluation should be part of an iterative and adaptive process that attempts to improve model-based outcomes and foster pathways to better futures.
Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are an apex predator of the nearshore marine community and nearly went extinct at the turn of the 20th century. Reintroductions and legal protection allowed sea otters to re‐colonize much of their former range. Our objective was to chronicle the colonization of this apex predator in Glacier Bay, Alaska, to help understand the mechanisms that governed their successful colonization.
Glacier Bay is a tidewater glacier fjord in southeastern Alaska that was entirely covered by glaciers in the mid‐18th century. Since then, it has endured the fastest tidewater glacier retreat in recorded history.
We collected and analysed several data sets, spanning 20 years, to document the spatio‐temporal dynamics of an apex predator expanding into an area where they were formerly absent. We used novel quantitative tools to model the occupancy, abundance and colonization dynamics of sea otters, while accounting for uncertainty in the data collection process, the ecological process and model parameters.
Twenty years after sea otters were first observed colonizing Glacier Bay, they became one of the most abundant and widely distributed marine mammal. The population grew exponentially at a rate of 20% per year. They colonized Glacier Bay at a maximum rate of 6 km per year, with faster colonization rates occurring early in the colonization process. During colonization, sea otters selected shallow areas, close to shore, with a steep bottom slope, and a relatively simple shoreline complexity index.
The growth and expansion of sea otters in Glacier Bay demonstrate how legal protection and translocation of apex predators can facilitate their successful establishment into a community in which they were formerly absent. The success of sea otters was, in part, a consequence of habitat that was left largely unperturbed by humans for the past 250 years. Further, sea otters and other marine predators, whose distribution is limited by ice, have the potential to expand in distribution and abundance, reshaping future marine communities in the wake of deglaciation and global loss of sea ice.
The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is now established as a breeding population throughout south Florida, USA. However, the extent of the invasion, and the ecological impacts of this novel apex predator on animal communities are incompletely known, in large part because Burmese pythons (hereafter “pythons”) are extremely cryptic and there has been no efficient way to detect them. Pythons are recently confirmed nest predators of long-legged wading bird breeding colonies (orders Ciconiiformes and Pelecaniformes). Pythons can consume large quantities of prey and may not be recognized as predators by wading birds, therefore they could be a particular threat to colonies. To quantify python occupancy rates at tree islands where wading birds breed, we utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis—a genetic tool which detects shed DNA in water samples and provides high detection probabilities. We fitted multi-scale Bayesian occupancy models to test the prediction that pythons occupy islands with wading bird colonies at higher rates compared to representative control islands containing no breeding birds. Our results suggest that pythons are widely distributed across the central Everglades in proximity to active wading bird colonies. In support of our prediction that pythons are attracted to colonies, site-level python eDNA occupancy rates were higher at wading bird colonies (ψ = 0.88, 95% credible interval [0.59–1.00]) than at the control islands (ψ = 0.42 [0.16–0.80]) in April through June (n = 15 colony-control pairs). We found our water temperature proxy (time of day) to be informative of detection probability, in accordance with other studies demonstrating an effect of temperature on eDNA degradation in occupied samples. Individual sample concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 38.29 copies/μL and we generally detected higher concentrations of python eDNA in colony sites. Continued monitoring of wading bird colonies is warranted to determine the effect pythons are having on populations and investigate putative management activities.
Efforts to restore water quality in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries often include extensive Best Management Practice (BMP) implementation on agricultural and developed lands. These BMPs include a variety of methods to reduce nutrient and sediment loads, such as cover crops, conservation tillage, urban filtering systems, and other practices.
Estimates of BMP implementation throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed were provided for each year from 1985 through 2014 by the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP). This dataset of BMP implementation is a compilation of actions reported by New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, and includes a wide array of management activities. Management actions vary among the jurisdictions and generally reflect the typical land use in each region.
The amount of implementation also varies according to different priorities, reporting practices, and special programs within each jurisdiction. For example, extensive cover crop implementation was reported in Maryland whereas Pennsylvania, in general, has lower levels of BMP implementation reported on cropland. Pennsylvania and Maryland have higher levels of infiltration BMPs on developed land compared to those in Virginia.
Conservation tillage BMPs accounted for the majority of reported agricultural BMP implementation in 1985. By 2014, however, a more diverse collection of agricultural BMPs was reported and conservation tillage BMPs accounted for a smaller proportion of overall reported agricultural BMP implementation. After the year 2000, land-use change BMPs, such as land retirement, pasture fencing, and forest buffers, were more commonly reported across the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
Expected changes in nutrient and sediment loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed due to BMP implementation were estimated by use of specially designed annual scenarios of the CBP Partnership Phase 5.3.2 Watershed Model. Nitrogen loads to streams were estimated to be reduced by 11 percent from 1985 to 2014 due to the implementation of BMPs. Compared with 1985, phosphorus loads were estimated to be 19 percent lower and sediment loads were estimated to be 23 percent lower by 2014 due to the effects of BMPs.
Reductions in total nitrogen from 1985 to 2014 due to BMPs varied spatially across the watershed and were estimated to be as high as 42 percent in areas of the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Reductions in phosphorus and sediment also varied spatially, with the largest reductions occurring in the Potomac watershed upstream of Washington, D.C. and the Eastern Shore of Maryland, according to the CBP model results.
Additional model scenarios were developed to estimate the effect of individual BMP types. The largest estimated reductions in total nitrogen loads on agricultural lands in 2014 were attributed to land retirement, animal waste management systems, and conservation tillage. The largest estimated reductions in total phosphorus loads on agricultural lands were attributed to animal waste management systems, pasture fencing, and phytase feed additives in 2014. The largest estimated reduction in total sediment loads on agricultural lands was attributed to conservation tillage, pasture fencing, and conservation plans.
Dry ponds, wet ponds, and constructed wetlands were reported extensively throughout the watershed. These BMPs accounted for about half of the reduction in nitrogen loads from developed land to streams, half of the phosphorus reduction, and about a third of the sediment reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185171","collaboration":" ","usgsCitation":"Sekellick, A.J., Devereux, O.H., Keisman, J.L.D., Sweeney, J.S., and Blomquist, J.D., 2019, Spatial and temporal patterns of Best Management Practice implementation in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1985–2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5171, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185171.","productDescription":"vii, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-084330","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OVU9PX","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated effect of best management practice implementation on water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed from 1985 to 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U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228
Adapting cultural resources to climate-change effects challenges traditional cultural resource decision making because some adaptation strategies can negatively affect the integrity of cultural resources. Yet, the inevitability of climate-change effects—even given the uncertain timing of those effects—necessitates that managers begin prioritizing resources for climate-change adaptation. Prioritization imposes an additional management challenge: managers must make difficult tradeoffs to achieve desired management outcomes related to maximizing the resource values. This report provides an overview of a pilot effort to integrate vulnerability (exposure and sensitivity), significance, and use potential metrics in a decision framework—the Optimal Preservation (OptiPres) Model—to inform climate adaptation planning of a subset of buildings in historic districts (listed on the National Register of Historic Places) at Cape Lookout National Seashore. The OptiPres Model uses a numerical optimization algorithm to assess the timing and application of a portfolio of adaptation actions that could most effectively preserve an assortment of buildings associated with different histories, intended uses, and construction design and materials over a 30-year planning horizon. The outputs from the different budget scenarios, though not prescriptive, provide visualizations of and insights to the sequence and type of optimal actions and the changes to individual building resource values and accumulated resource values. Study findings suggest the OptiPres Model has planning utility related to fiscal efficiency by identifying a budget threshold necessary to maintain the historical significance and use potential of historical buildings while reducing vulnerability (collectively, the accumulated resource value). Specifically, findings identify that a minimum of the industry standard ($222,000 annually for the 17 buildings) is needed to maintain the current accumulated resource value. Additionally, results suggest that additional appropriations provided on regular intervals when annual appropriations are at the industry standard are nearly as efficient as annual appropriations at twice the rate of industry standards and increase the amount of accumulated resource values to nearly the same level. However, periodic increases in funding may increase the risks posed to buildings from the probability of a natural hazard (that is, damage or loss from a hurricane). Suggestions for model refinements include developing standardized cost estimations for adaptation actions based on square footage and building materials, developing metrics to quantify the historical integrity of buildings, integrating social values data, including additional objectives (such as public safety) in the model, refining vulnerability data and transforming the data to include risk assessment, and incorporating stochastic events (that is, hurricane and wind effects) into the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Seekamp, E., Post van der Burg, M., Fatorić, S., Eaton, M.J., Xiao, X., and McCreary, A., 2019, Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1180, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181180.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096582","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1180/ofr20181180.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1180"},{"id":362668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1180/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lookout National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.66397094726562,\n 34.699848377328934\n ],\n [\n -76.67770385742188,\n 34.67274685882317\n ],\n [\n -76.53213500976562,\n 34.557466483188996\n ],\n [\n -76.02264404296875,\n 35.06147690849717\n ],\n [\n -76.0638427734375,\n 35.09519259251624\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 34.66597009307397\n ],\n [\n -76.66397094726562,\n 34.699848377328934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 516
Reston, VA 20192
Email: casc@usgs.gov
We quantified Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) site fidelity and apparent survival across a 6 year period in an area undergoing shale gas development.Waterthrush initially exhibited high site fidelity that declined over time. At the same time, the number of unpaired males defending territories increased as did natal fidelity. We identified site fidelity factors that influenced if adult males and females returned. More males returned either due to or regardless of amount of shale gas disturbance and lower riparian habitat quality. Females were less likely to return with increased number of breeding attempts. Females in shale gas disturbed areas had a higher number of breeding attempts and lower individual productivity. We saw a general nonsignificant trend in declining apparent survival over time. Overall apparent survival estimates for adult males (0.56) and females (0.44) were similar to those reported for other populations. Apparent survival candidate models suggested weak, positive relationships of increased survival with shale gas territory disturbance, disturbance with year, and year for adult males, and a positive relationship of increased survival with hydraulic fracturing runoff for adult females although regression coefficients overlapped zero for all model-supported covariates implying no statistical significance. Since waterthrush can maintain pair bonds from the previous year and females must pick a nest site within the defended male's territory, there are potential conflicts between factors that influence adult survival and site fidelity that may affect long-term population persistence. Our study adds to previous evidence that shale gas disturbed areas may serve as sink habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/18-6","usgsCitation":"Frantz, M.W., Wood, P.B., Sheehan, J., and George, G., 2019, Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) survival and site fidelity in an area undergoing shale gas development: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1676/18-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-090682","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Wetzel County","otherGeospatial":"Lewis Wetzel Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.43407169253772\n ],\n [\n -80.57304382324219,\n 39.43407169253772\n ],\n [\n -80.57304382324219,\n 39.546941396253146\n ],\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.546941396253146\n ],\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.43407169253772\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frantz, Mack W.","contributorId":272515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frantz","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":272516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"George, Gregory","contributorId":272517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205074,"text":"70205074 - 2019 - Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T08:57:05","indexId":"70205074","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T08:55:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models","docAbstract":"Resource managers conduct landscape-level monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA). These managers must contend with imperfect detection in samples and sub-samples (i.e., molecular analyses). This imperfect detection impacts their ability to both detect species and estimate occurrence. Although occurrence (synonymously occupancy) models can estimate these probabilities, most models and guidance for their application do not consider three levels. We studied this with three aims. First, we examined the number of samples required to detect a species at a site given imperfect detection. Second, we examined the ability of a three-level occurrence model to recover parameter estimates. Third, we examined the number of samples required to reliably recover parameter estimates. We found detecting eDNA in 1 sample at a site required 12 samples under most condition, but detection eDNA in situations that might be expected when looking for species at very low abundance required >50 samples. We found our occupancy model generally recovered known parameters unless detection and sample occurrence probabilities were <0.3. In these situations, >50 samples per site and 8 molecular replicates were required. Conversely, estimating and comparing occurrence and detection probabilities for species with moderate to high abundance may require 4 molecular replicates and 20-30 samples per site. More broadly, our findings illustrate the importance of study design, sample sizes, and molecular replicates for eDNA-based research, monitoring, and management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4155","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., Merkes, C.M., and Mize, E.L., 2019, Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 760-771, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4155.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"771","ipdsId":"IP-090372","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WRFUDQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models: Data"},{"id":367044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367042,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4155"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mize, Erica L.","contributorId":217242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mize","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39581,"text":"Whitney Genetics Laboratory, Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 555 Lester Avenue, Onalaska, WI USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203075,"text":"70203075 - 2019 - Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:42:08","indexId":"70203075","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery","docAbstract":"A 2.5-km3 debris avalanche during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens reset the fluvial landscape of upper North Fork Toutle River valley. Since then, a new drainage network has formed and evolved. Cross-section surveys repeated over nearly 40 years at 16 locations along a 20-km reach of river valley document channel evolution, geomorphic processes, and their impacts on sediment delivery. We analyzed spatial and temporal changes in channel morphology using two new metrics: 1) a shape index that defines the degree of U-shaped or V-shaped valley geometry; and 2) an alluvial phase-space diagram that relates bed degradation or aggradation between consecutive surveys to increases or decreases in cross-section area. Metric relations reveal more diverse channel evolution than originally described by a simple, linear-response model of sequential channel initiation and incision; aggradation and widening; and subsequent episodic scour and fill with little change in bed elevation. Instead, vertical and lateral adjustments have been crucial processes intertwined throughout channel evolution. Channel evolution has followed a distinctly nonlinear and non-sequential trajectory, migrating through several phase spaces and involving varied combinations of (1) degradation and aggradation with widening and narrowing, (2) bed-level fluctuations with little change in cross-section area, and (3) changes in cross-section area with little change of bed elevation. Persistent channel widening and reworking of the channel bed presently drive elevated sediment delivery from this basin. Elevated sediment delivery is likely to persist until valley-floor widths greatly exceed that of the channel-migration corridor, and/or channel banks and valley walls stabilize.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JF004843","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Zheng, S., Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Christianson, T., and Thorne, C.R., 2019, Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 124, no. 5, p. 1281-1309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004843.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1309","ipdsId":"IP-100648","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YUFZJ6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of upper North Fork Toutle River near Mount St. Helens, based on 2006-2014 airborne lidar surveys"},{"id":437504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96B0IEC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of Mount St. Helens crater and upper North Fork Toutle River basin, based on 1987 and 1999 airborne photogrammetry surveys"},{"id":363048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington ","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.30697982530866\n ],\n [\n -122.68758773803711,\n 46.30697982530866\n ],\n [\n -122.68758773803711,\n 46.358775940085025\n ],\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.358775940085025\n ],\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.30697982530866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Shan 0000-0003-4595-9496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-9496","contributorId":214875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Shan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39129,"text":"Wuhan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christianson, Tami 0000-0002-6873-9229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":214877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, Colin R. 0000-0002-2450-9624","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-9624","contributorId":214876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39130,"text":"University of Nottingham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70202865,"text":"70202865 - 2019 - Implications of climate scenarios for Badlands National Park resource management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T09:56:08","indexId":"70202865","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T09:55:33","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Implications of climate scenarios for Badlands National Park resource management","docAbstract":"Badlands National Park (BADL) hosts a myriad of natural and cultural resources, including bison and black-footed ferrets, the mixed grass prairie they live in, 37-75 million-year-old fossils, and historic buildings, trails, and roads. All are sensitive to climate, but anticipating precisely how each will be affected by climate change is difficult. In the face of this challenge, park resource managers must nevertheless make forward-looking decisions and take action to meet resource management goals. Fortunately, tools exist to identify strategies and actions likely to succeed under a range of potential future climate conditions. Two such tools—qualitative scenario planning and quantitative ecological simulation modeling—were used to anticipate management challenges and identify solutions for BADL and adjacent federal and tribal lands in the coming decades (through 2050). This brief summarizes and synthesizes results of this work. Although the brief focuses on BADL, it also includes several key insights gained from examining management approaches on adjacent lands.","language":"English","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Miller, B.W., Symstad, A., and Schuurman, G., 2019, Implications of climate scenarios for Badlands National Park resource management, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102442","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362878,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362636,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/upload/2019-03-26BADLClimateScenariosBrief_508Compliant.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Badlands National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.48321533203125,\n 43.450925007583706\n ],\n [\n -102.22915649414061,\n 43.450925007583706\n ],\n [\n -102.22915649414061,\n 43.6102281417864\n ],\n [\n -102.48321533203125,\n 43.6102281417864\n ],\n [\n -102.48321533203125,\n 43.450925007583706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Brian W. 0000-0003-1716-1161 bwmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-1161","contributorId":191731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Brian","email":"bwmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Symstad, Amy 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":201095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schuurman, Gregor","contributorId":174509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuurman","given":"Gregor","affiliations":[{"id":27461,"text":"NPS, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202875,"text":"70202875 - 2019 - The Value of Data – The Qatar Geologic Mapping Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T09:45:44","indexId":"70202875","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T09:44:20","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Value of Data – The Qatar Geologic Mapping Project","docAbstract":"The State of Qatar is in a period of rapid development, modernization, and population growth. One of the most important factors influencing the long-term success and sustainability of future development is a comprehensive understanding of the region’s geologic regime, geotechnical conditions, natural resources, and environmental constraints. To obtain this understanding, the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME) of the State of Qatar has undertaken the Qatar Geological Mapping Project (QGMP). The project was envisioned with the strategic foresight to compile and utilize existing and legacy subsurface data collected as part of its massive infrastructure and development projects as the foundation for developing modern scientific resources including geologic maps, digital thematic maps, and a 3-dimensional geological model of the Doha metropolitan area. Recently, the MME, in consultation with Gannett Fleming, Inc. (GF) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) concluded the data collection and analysis phase (Phase I) of the two-phase QGMP. Phase I included: the development of a comprehensive geotechnical relational database populated with data digitized from more than 13,000 subsurface data logs; a detailed data quality analysis and distribution assessment; an extensive gap analysis and needs assessment; and careful design of the geologic mapping and subsurface investigation programs for the next phase of the project.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical Special Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Eighth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering","conferenceDate":"March 24-27, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/9780784482162.002","usgsCitation":"Krupansky, J.T., Knight, M.A., Orndorff, R., Al-Akhras, K.M., Mouradian, A.G., and Saleh, A.F., 2019, The Value of Data – The Qatar Geologic Mapping Project, in Geotechnical Special Publication, v. 314, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 24-27, 2019, p. 12-23, https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482162.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-101378","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Qatar","volume":"314","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krupansky, Joseph T.","contributorId":214600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupansky","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":39084,"text":"Gannett Fleming, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, Michael A.","contributorId":214601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knight","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39084,"text":"Gannett Fleming, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall 0000-0002-8956-5803","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":214599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":760353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Al-Akhras, Khaled M.","contributorId":214602,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Akhras","given":"Khaled","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":39085,"text":"Qatar Ministry of Municipality and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mouradian, Ara G.","contributorId":214603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mouradian","given":"Ara","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":39084,"text":"Gannett Fleming, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Saleh, Ali F.","contributorId":214604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saleh","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":39085,"text":"Qatar Ministry of Municipality and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70205861,"text":"70205861 - 2019 - Changes in behavior are unable to disrupt a trophic cascade involving a specialist herbivore and its food plant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T08:06:44","indexId":"70205861","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T08:06:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"title":"Changes in behavior are unable to disrupt a trophic cascade involving a specialist herbivore and its food plant","docAbstract":"Changes in ecological conditions can induce changes in behavior and demography of wild organisms, which in turn may influence population dynamics. Pacific black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) nesting in colonies on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in western Alaska have declined substantially (~50%) since the turn of the century. Pacific black brant are herbivores that rely heavily on Carex subspathacea (Hoppner’s sedge) during growth and development. The availability of C. subspathacea affects gosling growth rates, which subsequently affect pre- and post-fledging survival, as well as size and breeding probability as an adult. We predicted that long-term declines in C. subspathacea have affected gosling growth rates, despite the potential of behavior to buffer changes in food availability during brood rearing. We used Bayesian hierarchical mixed-effects models to examine long-term (1987 – 2015) shifts in brant behavior during brood-rearing, forage availability, and gosling growth rates at the Tutakoke River colony. We showed that locomotion behaviors have increased (β = 0.05, 95% CRI 0.032 – 0.068) while resting behaviors have decreased (β = -0.024, 95% CRI -0.041 – -0.007), potentially in response to long-term shifts in forage availability and brood density. Concurrently, gosling growth rates have decreased substantially (β = -0.096, 95% CRI -0.198 – -0.014) despite shifts in behavior, mirroring long-term declines in the abundance of C. subspathacea (β = -0.194, 95% CRI -0.350 – -0.037). These results have important implications for individual fitness and population viability, where shifts in gosling behavior putatively fail to mitigate long-term declines in forage availability.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5118","collaboration":"USFWS","usgsCitation":"Lohman, M.G., Riecke, T., Acevedo, C.R., Person, B.T., Schmutz, J.A., Uher-Koch, B.D., and Sedinger, J.S., 2019, Changes in behavior are unable to disrupt a trophic cascade involving a specialist herbivore and its food plant, v. 9, no. 9, p. 5281-5291, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5118.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5281","endPage":"5291","ipdsId":"IP-101069","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CJ2YZQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial Imagery Captured at Nesting Pacific Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) Colonies on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, 1993-2016"},{"id":368148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lohman, Madeleine G","contributorId":219606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lohman","given":"Madeleine","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":24706,"text":"University of Nevada-Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riecke, Thomas V.","contributorId":171482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riecke","given":"Thomas V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Acevedo, Cheyenne R","contributorId":219607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acevedo","given":"Cheyenne","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":24706,"text":"University of Nevada-Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Person, Brian T.","contributorId":107457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Person","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Uher-Koch, Brian D. 0000-0002-1885-0260 buher-koch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-0260","contributorId":5117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uher-Koch","given":"Brian","email":"buher-koch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":213694,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203719,"text":"70203719 - 2019 - Perfluoroalkyl contaminant exposure in tree swallows nesting at Clarks Marsh, Oscoda, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T10:13:59","indexId":"70203719","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-06T10:12:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Perfluoroalkyl contaminant exposure in tree swallows nesting at Clarks Marsh, Oscoda, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"A site in north eastern Michigan, Oscoda Township, has some of the highest recorded exposure in birds to perfluorinated substances (PFASs) in the U.S. Some egg and plasma concentrations at that location exceeded the lowest reproductive effect threshold established for two avian laboratory species. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there were reproductive effects or physiological responses in a model bird species, the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), associated with this extremely high exposure to PFASs. The lack of exposure above background to other contaminants at this site allowed for an assessment of PFAS effects without the complication that responses may be caused by other contaminants. A secondary objective was to determine the distribution of PFASs in multiple tissue types to better understand and interpret residues in different tissues. This can best be done at highly exposed locations where tissue concentrations would be expected to be above detectable levels if they are present in that tissue. There were no demonstrable effects of PFAS exposure on reproduction nor on most physiological responses.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer ","doi":"10.1007/s00244-019-00620-1","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., Delaney, R., Dummer, P.M., Schultz, S.L., and Karouna-Renier, N., 2019, Perfluoroalkyl contaminant exposure in tree swallows nesting at Clarks Marsh, Oscoda, Michigan, USA: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 77, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00620-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-103625","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KKECVJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Perfluoroalkyl contaminant exposure in tree swallows nesting at Clarks Marsh, Oscoda, MI Dataset"},{"id":364426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364423,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-019-00620-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Oscoda County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.89,44.8553],[-83.8892,44.7247],[-83.889,44.6809],[-83.8883,44.6325],[-83.8878,44.5946],[-83.8861,44.507],[-84.0098,44.5071],[-84.1309,44.5061],[-84.1808,44.5061],[-84.2507,44.5059],[-84.373,44.5075],[-84.3734,44.596],[-84.373,44.6698],[-84.3729,44.856],[-84.1328,44.8552],[-83.89,44.8553]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Oscoda\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","volume":"77","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":216059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delaney, Robert","contributorId":216060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delaney","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17835,"text":"Michigan Department of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dummer, Paul M. 0000-0002-2055-9480 pdummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-9480","contributorId":3015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dummer","given":"Paul","email":"pdummer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, Sandra L. 0000-0003-3394-2857 sschultz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-2857","contributorId":5966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Sandra","email":"sschultz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie 0000-0001-7127-033X nkarouna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-033X","contributorId":200983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203393,"text":"70203393 - 2019 - An integrated statistical and deterministic hydrologic model for analyzing trace organic contaminants in commercial and high-density residential stormwater runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T12:04:49","indexId":"70203393","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-06T09:51:43","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated statistical and deterministic hydrologic model for analyzing trace organic contaminants in commercial and high-density residential stormwater runoff","docAbstract":"Urbanization can dramatically alter stormwater, both the quantity and quality, by engendering larger peak flows and through the introduction of contaminants into runoff. The current study builds on previous research that developed relationships between a suite of nonpoint source contaminants, known as trace organic contaminants (TOrCs), and hydrologic measurements for a series of storms (one site had 15 storms and the other had 19 storms) in Madison, WI, by creating statistical and deterministic models. Correlations and regressions were calculated between TOrC loads and hydrologic measurements for a series of storms for both a commercial site and a high-density residential site. From the regressions, it became evident that loading responses to precipitation were not the same between the two land covers for some TOrCs, indicating varying load responses for TOrCs depending on land cover. The regressions were utilized in the Source Loading and Management Model for Windows (WinSLAMM), an event-based hydrologic and water-quality model, to demonstrate that it can be used to model novel contaminants. The regressions were also used to estimate mean annual loads of TOrCs from all commercial and high-density residential areas in Madison, WI, for the watersheds to which Madison discharges its stormwater. The mean annual loads varied between grams per year to tens of thousands of grams per year depending on the TOrC and watershed. This work will ultimately allow managers to simulate the presence of, establish total maximum daily loads for, and mitigate the loads of TOrCs through stormwater best management practices.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.327","usgsCitation":"Brownscombe, J.W., Bell, C.D., Hogue, T., Higgins, C.P., and Selbig, W.R., 2019, An integrated statistical and deterministic hydrologic model for analyzing trace organic contaminants in commercial and high-density residential stormwater runoff: Science of the Total Environment, v. 673, p. 656-667, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.327.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"656","endPage":"667","ipdsId":"IP-098410","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.327","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane county","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.52140808105467,\n 43.042296289854065\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 43.042296289854065\n ],\n [\n -89.296875,\n 43.145587175410895\n ],\n [\n -89.52140808105467,\n 43.145587175410895\n ],\n [\n -89.52140808105467,\n 43.042296289854065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"673","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownscombe, Jacob W","contributorId":215060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brownscombe","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bell, Colin D.","contributorId":215502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hogue, Terri","contributorId":202219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogue","given":"Terri","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Higgins, Christopher P. 0000-0001-6220-8673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-8673","contributorId":205659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgins","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70205438,"text":"70205438 - 2019 - Top-down effect of repatriating bald eagles hinder jointly recovering competitors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T18:11:45","indexId":"70205438","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-05T18:01:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Top-down effect of repatriating bald eagles hinder jointly recovering competitors","docAbstract":"1. The recovery of piscivorous birds around the world is touted as one of the great conservation successes of the 21st century, but for some species, this success was short-lived. Bald eagles, ospreys, and great blue herons began repatriating Voyageurs National Park, USA, in the mid-20th century. However, after 1990, only eagles continued their recovery, while osprey and heron recovery failed for unknown reasons.
2. We aimed to evaluate whether top-down effects of bald eagles, and bottom-up effects of inclement weather, habitat quality, and fish resources contributed to the failed recovery of ospreys and herons in a protected area.
3. We quantified the relative influence of top-down and bottom-up factors on nest colonization, persistence (i.e., nest reuse) and success for ospreys, and occurrence and size of heronries using 26 years (1986-2012) of spatially-explicit monitoring data coupled with multi-response hierarchical models and Bayesian variable selection approaches.
4. Bald eagles were previously shown to recover faster due to intensive nest protection and management. Increased numbers of eagles were associated with a reduction in the numbers of osprey nests, their nesting success, and heronry size; while higher local densities of nesting eagles deterred heronries nearby. We found little evidence of bottom-up limitations on the failed recovery of herons and ospreys.
5. We present a conservation conundrum: bald eagles are top predators and a flagship species of conservation that have benefited from intensive protection, but this likely hindered the recovery of ospreys and herons. Returning top predators, or rewilding, is widely promoted as a conservation strategy for top-down ecosystem recovery, but managing top predators in isolation of jointly recovering species can halt or reverse ecosystem recovery. Previous studies warn of the potential consequences of ignoring biotic interactions amongst recovering species, but we go further by quantifying how these interactions contributed to failed recoveries via impacts on the nesting demography of jointly recovering species. Multi-species management is paramount to realizing the ecosystem benefits of top predator recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.12990","usgsCitation":"Cruz, J., Windels, S.K., Thogmartin, W.E., Crimmins, S., Grim, L.H., Larson, J.H., and Zuckerberg, B., 2019, Top-down effect of repatriating bald eagles hinder jointly recovering competitors: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 88, no. 7, p. 1054-1065, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12990.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1065","ipdsId":"IP-101998","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.22586059570312,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -92.50350952148438,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -92.50350952148438,\n 48.608397925562606\n ],\n [\n -93.22586059570312,\n 48.608397925562606\n ],\n [\n -93.22586059570312,\n 48.10743118848039\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cruz, Jennyffer","contributorId":202194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cruz","given":"Jennyffer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36365,"text":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Windels, Steve K.","contributorId":182422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Windels","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":18939,"text":"Voyageurs National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crimmins, Shawn M.","contributorId":202196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Shawn M.","affiliations":[{"id":36367,"text":"College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grim, Leland H.","contributorId":219062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grim","given":"Leland","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zuckerberg, Benjamin","contributorId":200298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuckerberg","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":771182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70202935,"text":"70202935 - 2019 - A stratigraphic approach to inferring depositional ages from detrital geochronology data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T15:28:08","indexId":"70202935","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-05T13:56:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5232,"text":"Frontiers in Earth Science","onlineIssn":"2296-6463","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A stratigraphic approach to inferring depositional ages from detrital geochronology data","docAbstract":"With the increasing use of detrital geochronology data for provenance analyses, we have also developed new constraints on the age of otherwise undateable sedimentary deposits. Because a deposit can be no older than its youngest mineral constituent, the youngest defensible detrital mineral age defines the maximum depositional age of the sampled bed. Defining the youngest `defensible' age in the face of uncertainty (e.g., analytical and geological uncertainty, or sample contamination) is challenging. The current standard practice of finding multiple detrital minerals with indistinguishable ages provides confidence that a given age is not an artifact; however, we show how requiring this overlap reduces the probability of identifying the true youngest component age. Barring unusual complications, the principle of superposition dictates that sedimentary deposits must get younger upsection. This fundamental constraint can be incoporated into the analysis of depositional ages in sedimentary sections through the use of Bayesian statistics, allowing for the inference of bounded estimates of true depositional ages and uncertainties from detrital geochronology so long as some minimum age constraints are present. We present two approaches for constructing a Bayesian model of deposit ages, first solving directly for the ages of deposits with the prior constraint that the ages of units must obey stratigraphic ordering, and second describing the evolution of ages with a curve that represents the sediment accumulation rate. Using synthetic examples we highlight how this method preforms in less-than-ideal circumstances. In an example from the Magallanes Basin of Patagonia, we demonstrate how introducing other age information from the stratigraphic section (e.g., fossil assemblages or radiometric dates) and formalizing the stratigraphic context of samples provides additional constraints on and information regarding depositional ages or derived quantities (e.g., sediment accumulation rates) compared to isolated analysis of individual samples.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers of Earth Science","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00057","usgsCitation":"Johnstone, S., Schwartz, T.M., and Holm-Denoma, C.S., 2019, A stratigraphic approach to inferring depositional ages from detrital geochronology data: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 7, Article 57; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00057.","productDescription":"Article 57; 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102542","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362843,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnstone, Samuel 0000-0002-3945-2499","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-2499","contributorId":207545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnstone","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Theresa M.","contributorId":214678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202931,"text":"70202931 - 2019 - Multi-scale preferential flow processes in an urban streambed under variable hydraulic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-05T12:54:14","indexId":"70202931","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-05T08:59:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-scale preferential flow processes in an urban streambed under variable hydraulic conditions","docAbstract":"Spatially preferential flow processes occur at nested scales at the sediment-water interface (SWI), due in part to sediment heterogeneities, which may be enhanced in flashy urban streams with heavy road sand influence. However, several factors, including the flow-rate dependence of preferential hyporheic flow and discrete groundwater discharge zones are commonly overlooked in reach-scale models of groundwater/surface water exchange. Using a series of controlled-head tracer-injection experiments coupled with cm-scale geophysics within the highly reactive upper 30 cm of the hyporheic zone of an urban stream, we quantified the flow dependence of local less-mobile porosity volume, mass-transfer rate coefficient, and the resulting local residence time in the less-mobile pore space at three controlled downward fluid fluxes (0.8, 2, and 3 m/d). Experiments were performed in two adjacent streambed locations, representing different sediment bulk vertical permeability. Less-mobile porosity parameters were generally substantial and similar between the two streambed locations; though a more competent, thin, organic layer at ∼15 cm depth in one location strongly impacted tracer loading, flushing dynamics, and local residence times. Increased downward flux led to (1) a decrease in less-mobile porosity residence time in all experiments, and (2) an increase in less-mobile porosity fraction for most experiments. Additionally, at the larger stream reach-scale, surface electrodes for electrical resistivity measurement were installed along 22 m of the wetted stream channel. These surface electrode measurements were collected during a natural storm flow event, which revealed widespread, short-term, flushing (e.g. <3 h) of the hyporheic zone with stream water, followed by longer-term (e.g. >60 h) flushing of the SWI with riparian zone groundwater. Flow dependence of preferential hyporheic zone flowpaths, like in the controlled tracer experiments, was also observed in these reach-scale electrical resistivity tomography measurements. Our findings reveal that the spatial and temporal dependence of preferential flow processes create highly dynamic SWI conditions that will affect the physical and coupled biogeochemical functions of the SWI in urbanized, sand-impacted streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.022","usgsCitation":"Dehkordy, F.M., Briggs, M.A., Day-Lewis, F.D., Singha, K., Krajnovich, A., Hampton, T.B., Zarnetske, J.P., Scruggs, C.R., and Bagtzoglou, A.C., 2019, Multi-scale preferential flow processes in an urban streambed under variable hydraulic conditions: Journal of Hydrology, v. 573, p. 168-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.022.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"179","ipdsId":"IP-104970","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"573","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dehkordy, Farzaneh MahmoodPoor","contributorId":214661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dehkordy","given":"Farzaneh","email":"","middleInitial":"MahmoodPoor","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - 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Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C.","contributorId":211518,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagtzoglou","given":"Amvrossios","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70252905,"text":"70252905 - 2019 - Factors affecting 1,2,3-trichloropropane contamination in groundwater in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-28T15:31:22.559551","indexId":"70252905","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-05T07:08:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17043,"text":"Science of the Total Envionrment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Factors Affecting 1,2,3-trichloropropane Contamination in Groundwater in California","title":"Factors affecting 1,2,3-trichloropropane contamination in groundwater in California","docAbstract":"1,2,3-Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) is a volatile organic chemical of eminent concern due to its carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive effects, and its frequent occurrence at concentrations of concern worldwide. In California, 1,2,3-TCP was detected in 6.5% of 1237 wells sampled by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). About 8% of domestic wells had a detection of 1,2,3-TCP, compared to 5% of public-supply wells. 1,2,3-TCP was detected in 5.5% of most recent samples from 7787 public-supply well sources of the California State Water Resources Control Board Division of Drinking Water (DDW). Concentrations ranged from <0.005 to 2.7 μg/L. The California maximum contaminant level (MCL) is 0.005 μg/L. Most of the detections occurred in the San Joaquin Valley, where 1,2,3-TCP was detected above the MCL in 16% of USGS sampled wells and 18% of DDW wells. 1,2,3-TCP occurrence and concentrations are related to legacy fumigant use and hydrogeologic factors. Understanding factors affecting 1,2,3-TCP will aid in determining vulnerability and long term persistence in the San Joaquin Valley, which can help focus efforts to manage drinking water resources on the most vulnerable areas and also inform efforts in other areas of the state and worldwide. Widespread occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP is related to nonpoint source agricultural contaminant inputs. High concentrations of 1,2,3-TCP are in young, shallow, oxic groundwater beneath primarily orchard/vineyard crops. These areas are in coarse-grained sediments that promote rapid recharge, related to proximal alluvial fan sediments deposited by large streams that drain glaciated watersheds of the Sierra Nevada. 1,2,3-TCP co-occurs with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) throughout modern age groundwater, indicating its long term persistence with little degradation. The highest concentrations of 1,2,3-TCP were observed at point source cleanup sites in urban areas; depending on the age and source of groundwater to nearby public-supply wells, these areas may see increasing concentrations of 1,2,3-TCP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.420","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Floyd, W.D., and Landon, M.K., 2019, Factors affecting 1,2,3-trichloropropane contamination in groundwater in California: Science of the Total Envionrment, v. 672, no. 1 July 2019, p. 324-334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.420.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.420","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":427783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70252905/70252905.pdf","text":"USGS open-access version of article","size":"5 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\"}}]}","volume":"672","issue":"1 July 2019","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Floyd, Walter D.","contributorId":335551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Floyd","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":898682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 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quantitative estimation of the quick-flow runoff component of streamflow is required for many hydrologic applications. Estimation at the monthly timescale and national spatial scale would be particularly useful for national water availability modeling. This paper reviews a sample of commonly used equations for quick-flow runoff, including several currently in use in continental-scale models. The review shows the wide range of equation forms or heuristics currently in use to predict quick-flow runoff, the limited spatial scale over which these equations are often developed or calibrated, and the scarcity of well-tested equations available for quick-flow runoff at the monthly timescale. Data were gathered from a set of 1301 gaged watersheds across the United States to test a range of equations from the literature, along with several alternative equations, to assess and compare their performance in predicting quick-flow runoff at the monthly timescale. The highest-performing equation was selected for application to monthly maps of explanatory variables to produce monthly quick-flow runoff water budget contribution maps. This equation is a regression against precipitation, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, surficial geology type, and slope data. Its application indicates that average quick-flow runoff across the conterminous United States in the winter exceeds that in the summer by up to a factor of three. The monthly maps were explored and evaluated for the timespan of 2000-2015. The comparison of equation forms and produced monthly maps will be useful for a variety of hydrologic modeling and monitoring applications.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.010","usgsCitation":"Reitz, M., and Sanford, W.E., 2019, Estimating quick-flow runoff at the monthly timescale for the conterminous United States: Journal of Hydrology, v. 573, p. 841-854, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"854","ipdsId":"IP-102672","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y1RP02","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Monthly timescale quick-flow runoff maps for 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,{"id":70202719,"text":"ofr20191025 - 2019 - Annual wastewater nutrient data preparation and load estimation using the Point Source Load Estimation Tool (PSLoadEsT)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T08:53:56","indexId":"ofr20191025","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-04T07:00:28","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2019-1025","displayTitle":"Annual Wastewater Nutrient Data Preparation and Load Estimation Using the Point-Source Load Estimation Tool (PSLoadEsT)","title":"Annual wastewater nutrient data preparation and load estimation using the Point Source Load Estimation Tool (PSLoadEsT)","docAbstract":"The Point-Source Load Estimation Tool (PSLoadEsT) provides a user-friendly interface for generating reproducible load calculations for point source dischargers while managing common data challenges including duplicates, incompatible input tables, and incomplete or missing nutrient concentration or effluent flow data. Maintaining a consistent method across an entire study area is important when estimating loads to be used as calibration data for regional water-quality models. PSLoadEsT is written using the open-source programming language R and has an easy-to-use interface written in Visual Basic for Applications® within a Microsoft Access® database file that guides the user through the necessary steps to estimate point source loads. The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed user guide for PSLoadEsT.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20191025","collaboration":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Gorman Sanisaca, L.E., Skinner, K.D., and Maupin, M.A., 2019, Annual wastewater nutrient data preparation and load estimation using the Point Source Load Estimation Tool (PSLoadEsT): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019-1025, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191025.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 48 p.; Additional Report Piece","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099356","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QWVZ4L","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Point-Source Load Estimation Tool (PSLoadEsT)"},{"id":362728,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1025/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362733,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QWVZ4L","text":"PSLoadEsT Software release","description":"PSLoadEsT Software release"},{"id":362729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2019/1025/ofr20191025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2019-1025"},{"id":362732,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1101","text":"Data Series 1101","description":"Data Series 1101","linkHelpText":"Point-Source Nutrient Loads to Streams of the Conterminous United States, 2012"}],"contact":"Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Catonsville, MD 21228
Paleoseismic and historical earthquake records used to quantify earthquake recurrence rates can also be used to test the likelihood of seismically quiescent periods. At principal paleoseismic sites in California on the San Andreas, San Jacinto, Elsinore, and Hayward faults, no ground‐rupturing earthquake has occurred in the last 100 yr, yet this interval is about three times the average interearthquake period for the ensemble of sites. We examine long paleoseismic records from these faults, as they carry most of the transform fault slip on the plate boundary, to see if the current hiatus has any precedent in the last 1000 yr. The selection of sites is designed to sample fault sections unlikely to have ruptured together, so their conditional probabilities of a hiatus can be combined as independent events. We find a 100‐yr hiatus is not predicted by common time‐dependent or time‐independent recurrence models. Paleoearthquake dating uncertainties can allow long open intervals at individual sites or subsets of sites, but do not explain the observed gap in the ensemble. After approximately removing redundancies in the full paleoearthquake record, the time‐independent probability of the current 100‐yr gap is of order 0.3%. This raises several questions. Do we live in a statistically exceptional time? Or does some wide‐scale effect modulate earthquake occurrence among sites over longer timescales? Finally, how should we understand seismic hazard estimates in California if the recurrence models on which they rely seem, at minimum, incomplete? Whether due to a statistical anomaly, some longer‐term modulation of earthquake occurrence, or another cause, our results emphasize that the hiatus of the last century has been exceptional.
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Thermokarst processes in permafrost landscapes often lead to widespread lake formation and the spatial and temporal evolution of thermokarst lake landscapes reflects the combined effects of climate, ground conditions, vegetation, and fire. This study provides detailed analyses of thermokarst lake sediments of Holocene age from the southern loess uplands of the Yukon Flats; including bathymetry and sediment core analyses across a water depth transect. The sediment core results, dated by radiocarbon and 210Pb, indicate the onset of finely laminated lacustrine sedimentation between ~10,000 and 9,000 cal yr BP following basin development through inferred thermokarst processes. Thermokarst expansion to modern shoreline configurations continued until ~5000 cal yr BP, which may have been influenced by increased fire. Between ~5000 and 2000 cal yr BP, the preservation of fine laminations at intermediate and deep-water depths indicate higher lake levels than present. At that time, the lake likely overflowed into an over-deepened gully system that is no longer occupied by perennial streams. By ~2000 cal yr BP, massive sedimentation at intermediate water depths indicates that lake levels lowered, which is interpreted to reflect a response to drier conditions based on correspondence with Yukon Flats regional fire and local paleoclimate reconstructions. Consideration of additional contributing mechanisms include the possible influence of catastrophic lake drainages on downgradient base flow levels that may have enhanced subsurface water loss, although this mechanism is untested. The overall consistency between the millennial lake level trends documented here with regional paleoclimate trends indicates that after lakes formed, their size and depth has likely been affected directly by North Pacific atmospheric circulation changes and indirectly through evolution of permafrost, ground ice and sub-surface hydrology. As the first detailed study of Holocene thermokarst basin expansion, stabilization and subsequent climate-driven lake level variations in a loess upland, results provide a framework for future investigations of paleoclimatic signals from similar lake systems that characterize large regions of Alaska and Siberia.","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/feart.2019.00053","usgsCitation":"Anderson, L., Edwards, M.E., Mark D. Shapley, Bruce P. Finney, and Langdon, C., 2019, Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in northern Interior Alaska: The interplay of climate, fire, and subsurface hydrology: Frontiers in Earth Science, v. 7, p. 1-22, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00053.","productDescription":"53, 22 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"22","ipdsId":"IP-102292","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467736,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00053","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9O7255D","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release for "Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in northern Interior Alaska: the interplay of climate, fire, and subsurface hydrology""},{"id":368921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Habanero pond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.75811767578125,\n 66.07962172153299\n ],\n [\n -146.7121124267578,\n 66.07962172153299\n ],\n [\n -146.7121124267578,\n 66.10772577267431\n ],\n [\n -146.75811767578125,\n 66.10772577267431\n ],\n [\n -146.75811767578125,\n 66.07962172153299\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Lesleigh 0000-0002-5264-089X land@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-089X","contributorId":220214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lesleigh","email":"land@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Mary E.","contributorId":220215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37955,"text":"University of Southampton","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":774502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mark D. 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