We present a framework to evaluate the inclusion of candidate basin depth models in the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model. We compute intensity measures (peak and spectral amplitudes) from uniformly processed earthquake ground motions in and around the basin of interest and compare these to ground-motion model (GMM) estimates over a range of oscillator periods. The GMMs use depth to specific shear-wave velocity isosurfaces (Zx) as a proxy for basin depth. We quantify whether the GMM estimates using Zx from the candidate basin depth model outperform the default estimates based on VS30 (the time-averaged shear wave velocity in the upper 30 m). We partition GMM residuals into event and site terms and compare site terms for stations within the basin to non-basin sites. We apply this framework to the greater Reno, Nevada, region, which has shallow basin depths (less than 450 m) and empirical amplifications of up to a factor of 2.2 at 1.0 s. There are no strong trends in site terms with basin depth, and the use of Zx values from the new candidate basin model shows marginal improvement of GMM total residuals compared to the default VS30-based model (the condition of no relative basin amplification).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings from the 12th national conference on earthquake engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"Jun 27 - Jul 1, 2022","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Ahdi, S.K., Moschetti, M.P., Aagaard, B.T., Abernathy, K., Boyd, O.S., and Stephenson, W.J., 2022, Implementation of basin models and sediment depth terms in the 2023 update of the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model: Example from Reno, Nevada, in Proceedings from the 12th national conference on earthquake engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, Jun 27 - Jul 1, 2022, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140743","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://12ncee.org/program/proceedings","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","city":"Reno","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.93834598508883,\n 39.62289066656979\n ],\n [\n -119.93834598508883,\n 39.395646949350606\n ],\n [\n -119.63341035528262,\n 39.395646949350606\n ],\n [\n -119.63341035528262,\n 39.62289066656979\n ],\n [\n -119.93834598508883,\n 39.62289066656979\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahdi, Sean Kamran 0000-0003-0274-5180","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-5180","contributorId":265143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahdi","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Kamran","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moschetti, Morgan P. 0000-0001-7261-0295 mmoschetti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-0295","contributorId":1662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moschetti","given":"Morgan","email":"mmoschetti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":849797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abernathy, Kaitlyn 0000-0002-0360-8519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-8519","contributorId":295721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abernathy","given":"Kaitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70237207,"text":"70237207 - 2022 - Wildlife population dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T15:43:52.58506","indexId":"70237207","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T10:42:46","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"Wildlife population dynamics","docAbstract":"In this chapter we provide an overview of some core concepts, describe exponential growth as the basic foundation for understanding population dynamics, and discuss some of the factors that can affect wildlife population dynamics. We then show how management insights that can be gained from analyzing the dynamics of individual age or stage classes, examine dynamics of multiple populations across a landscape, consider key aspects of monitoring wildlife population dynamics, and close with a case study applying many of the topics in the chapter. Throughout we stress a few key themes: (1) variation is as important as the mean in understanding population dynamics (embrace uncertainty!); (2) some of the most powerful insights into outcomes of wildlife management actions are nonintuitive, revealed by applying data to models; and (3) because different management actions influence population dynamics in different ways, we must understand population processes to identify the most effective actions to meet population objectives.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife management and conservation: Contemporary principles and practices","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","usgsCitation":"Mills, L.S., and Johnson, H.E., 2022, Wildlife population dynamics, chap. 7 of Wildlife management and conservation: Contemporary principles and practices, p. 107-135.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-125277","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, L. Scott","contributorId":236757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mills","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":853630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E. 0000-0001-5392-7676 hejohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5392-7676","contributorId":205919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather","email":"hejohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70247518,"text":"70247518 - 2022 - Estimates of kappa in the San Francisco Bay area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-28T17:01:28.359377","indexId":"70247518","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T10:35:10","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimates of kappa in the San Francisco Bay area","docAbstract":"Site characterization is a critical component of seismic hazards studies, especially in the development and use of ground motion models (GMMs). One such parameter, kappa (Κ0), represents local site attenuation and effectively describes regional variations in ground motion [1]. However, estimates of Κ0 are limited. We estimate the site parameter Κ0 for 296 broadband and accelerometer stations in the San Francisco Bay area using 225 local events with M>3.5. We first invert for kappa on the high-frequency slope of every record at a station, which represents full attenuation effects [2]. We then perform weighted regression of kappa versus distance to obtain expected kappa at the site (Κ0). We find that Κ0 varies extensively in the San Francisco Bay area, with values ranging from 0.004-0.113 s, thus representing the heterogeneous geologic conditions in the region. Κ0 estimates from this study will be useful to consider in future seismic hazard analyses and ground motion studies in the Bay Area.
","conferenceTitle":"12th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2022","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Nye, T.A., Sahakian, V., King, E., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., and Klimasewski, A., 2022, Estimates of kappa in the San Francisco Bay area, 12th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, June 27-July 1, 2022, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-134906","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419688,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.eeri.org/what-we-offer/digital-library/?lid=12757"},{"id":426075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.09855510328197,\n 38.47318654986222\n ],\n [\n -123.09855510328197,\n 37.02839058004079\n ],\n [\n -121.42077907357066,\n 37.02839058004079\n ],\n [\n -121.42077907357066,\n 38.47318654986222\n ],\n [\n -123.09855510328197,\n 38.47318654986222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nye, Tara A.","contributorId":318228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nye","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sahakian, Valerie J.","contributorId":208097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahakian","given":"Valerie J.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, E.L.","contributorId":255058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[{"id":51407,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada, Dartmouth, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":879972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klimasewski, Alexis","contributorId":219664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimasewski","given":"Alexis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40043,"text":"U. Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":879973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262389,"text":"70262389 - 2022 - Growth of complex volcanic ash aggregates in the Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-16T16:36:13.021459","indexId":"70262389","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T10:26:36","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth of complex volcanic ash aggregates in the Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador","docAbstract":"Aggregation processes control both the residence time and dispersal of volcanic ash during eruptions yet remain incompletely understood. The products of aggregation vary from simple ash clusters to large, complexly layered accretionary lapilli. Here we detail the micro-stratigraphy of a single population of accretionary lapilli that grew during the ∼431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption from Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador. The accretionary lapilli were sampled 10 km from the caldera source within a sequence of ash-rich pyroclastic density current deposits and intercalated fall material, known as unit D, which is traceable >40 km from Ilopango. Scanning electron microscopy and image analysis reveal common facies that form distinct layers within the accretionary lapilli. Each facies is distinguished by quantitative and qualitative variations in particle size distribution, porosity, and particle fabric. We infer that these textures resulted from aggregation conditions that differed in terms of liquid water availability, particle concentration and grain size distributions. In our proposed model, a characteristic sequence of facies accreted from core to rim in the accretionary lapilli during passage through ash clouds generated by vent-derived plumes and pyroclastic density currents. The accretionary lapilli are mostly composed of smaller aggregates (ash clusters, ash pellets) and grew predominantly by accretion of already-formed aggregates, rather than by grain-by-grain accretion of individual particles. This finding is consistent with observations of rapid aggregate growth in volcanic plumes, suggesting a common evolutionary pathway for accretionary lapilli formation across diverse eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107670","usgsCitation":"Hoult, H., Brown, R., Van Eaton, A.R., Hernandez, W., Dobson, K., and Woodward, B., 2022, Growth of complex volcanic ash aggregates in the Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 431, 107670, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107670.","productDescription":"107670, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130466","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467162,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/37183/","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"El Salvador","otherGeospatial":"Ilopango caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.5,\n 13.9\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 13.5\n ],\n [\n -88.9,\n 13.5\n ],\n [\n -88.9,\n 13.9\n ],\n [\n -89.5,\n 13.9\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"431","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoult, Henry","contributorId":349109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoult","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":68342,"text":"Durham University, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Richard J.","contributorId":191216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":924018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hernandez, Walter","contributorId":218214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Walter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39782,"text":"Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, San Salvador, El Salvador","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dobson, Katherine J","contributorId":349112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobson","given":"Katherine J","affiliations":[{"id":68342,"text":"Durham University, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodward, Bryan","contributorId":349113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodward","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[{"id":68342,"text":"Durham University, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236825,"text":"dr1162 - 2022 - Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2021","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T19:31:00.697785","indexId":"dr1162","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T10:17:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9318,"text":"Data Report","code":"DR","onlineIssn":"2771-9448","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1162","displayTitle":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2021","title":"Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2021","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25–40 miles wide. The basin is hydrologically defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift between San Acacia to the south and Cochiti Lake to the north. A 20-percent population increase in the basin from 1990 to 2000 and a 22-percent population increase from 2000 to 2010 resulted in an increased demand for water in areas within the basin. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained primarily from groundwater resources until December 2008, when the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA) began treatment and distribution of surface water from the Rio Grande through the San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project.
An initial network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque from April 1982 through September 1983 to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the Albuquerque Basin. In 1983, this network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly. As of water year 2021, the network consisted of 120 wells and piezometers at 54 locations. The USGS, in cooperation with the ABCWUA, the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer, and Bernalillo County, measures water levels at the wells and piezometers in the network; this report, prepared in cooperation with the ABCWUA, presents water-level data collected by USGS personnel at the sites through water year 2021 (October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021). Water-level data that were collected in previous water years from wells that were later discontinued were published in previous USGS reports.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Bell, M.T., and Montero, N.Y., 2022, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1162, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1162.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 43 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-138357","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406961,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1162/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501270,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113524.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407061,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/dr1162/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406967,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":406966,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1162/images"},{"id":406965,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1162/dr1162.XML"},{"id":406963,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1162/dr1162.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1162"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.2540283203125,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -106.248779296875,\n 33.95247360616282\n ],\n [\n -106.248779296875,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -107.2540283203125,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -107.2540283203125,\n 33.95247360616282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife management and conservation: Contemporary principles and practices","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Johns Hopkins University Press","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Grand, J.B., and Mitchell, M.S., 2022, Structured decision making, chap. of Wildlife management and conservation: Contemporary principles and practices, p. 66-91.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"91","ipdsId":"IP-127171","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Krausman, Paul R.","contributorId":31467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krausman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":862036,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":862037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":861989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237183,"text":"70237183 - 2022 - Potential effects of environmental conditions on prairie dog flea development and implications for sylvatic plague epizootics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:39:15.527088","indexId":"70237183","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T08:31:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1443,"text":"EcoHealth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential effects of environmental conditions on prairie dog flea development and implications for sylvatic plague epizootics","docAbstract":"Fleas are common ectoparasites of vertebrates worldwide and vectors of many pathogens causing disease, such as sylvatic plague in prairie dog colonies. Development of fleas is regulated by environmental conditions, especially temperature and relative humidity. Development rates are typically slower at low temperatures and faster at high temperatures, which are bounded by lower and upper thresholds where development is reduced. Prairie dogs and their associated fleas (mostly Oropsylla spp) live in burrows that moderate outside environmental conditions, remaining cooler in summer and warmer in winter. We found burrow microclimates were characterized by stable daily temperatures and high relative humidity, with temperatures increasing from spring through summer. We previously showed temperature increases corresponded with increasing off-host flea abundance. To evaluate how changes in temperature could affect future prairie dog flea development and abundance, we used development rates of O. montana (a species related to prairie dog fleas), determined how prairie dog burrow microclimates are affected by ambient weather, and combined these results to develop a predictive model. Our model predicts burrow temperatures and flea development rates will increase during the twenty-first century, potentially leading to higher flea abundance and an increased probability of plague epizootics if Y. pestis is present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01615-6","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., Poje, J.E., Rocke, T.E., and Metzger, M.E., 2022, Potential effects of environmental conditions on prairie dog flea development and implications for sylvatic plague epizootics: EcoHealth, v. 19, p. 365-377, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01615-6.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"377","ipdsId":"IP-136023","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93TCY21","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Temperatures of black-tailed prairie dog burrows through the U.S. Great Plains"},{"id":407857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo Gap National Grassland, Bureau of Land Management land surrounding Roswell, Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, Lower Brule Sioux Reservation, Pueblo Chemical Depot, Theodore Roosevelt National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 47.42437092240519\n ],\n [\n -106.09771728515625,\n 47.42437092240519\n ],\n [\n -106.09771728515625,\n 48.050545996347665\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 48.050545996347665\n ],\n [\n -107.841796875,\n 47.42437092240519\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.62579345703125,\n 46.84704298339386\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 46.84704298339386\n ],\n [\n -103.271484375,\n 47.0439255239614\n ],\n [\n -103.62579345703125,\n 47.0439255239614\n ],\n [\n -103.62579345703125,\n 46.84704298339386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.48640441894531,\n 47.53806480221706\n ],\n [\n -103.23921203613281,\n 47.53806480221706\n ],\n [\n -103.23921203613281,\n 47.63717164223885\n ],\n [\n -103.48640441894531,\n 47.63717164223885\n ],\n [\n -103.48640441894531,\n 47.53806480221706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.2440185546875,\n 43.014689161895184\n ],\n [\n -101.62078857421874,\n 43.014689161895184\n ],\n [\n -101.62078857421874,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -103.2440185546875,\n 44.01652134387754\n ],\n [\n -103.2440185546875,\n 43.014689161895184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.118408203125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -99.525146484375,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -99.525146484375,\n 44.31795304574349\n ],\n [\n -100.118408203125,\n 44.31795304574349\n ],\n [\n -100.118408203125,\n 43.99281450048989\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.41818237304688,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -104.2547607421875,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -104.2547607421875,\n 38.38795699631396\n ],\n [\n -104.41818237304688,\n 38.38795699631396\n ],\n [\n -104.41818237304688,\n 38.22307753495298\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.9139404296875,\n 32.974107959689235\n ],\n [\n -104.1119384765625,\n 32.974107959689235\n ],\n [\n -104.1119384765625,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -104.9139404296875,\n 33.696922692957685\n ],\n [\n -104.9139404296875,\n 32.974107959689235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, Michael D.","contributorId":206351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poje, Julia E.","contributorId":206595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poje","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37348,"text":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 53705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":853584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metzger, Marco E.","contributorId":297166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Metzger","given":"Marco","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":64309,"text":"Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Ontario, California, 91764","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":853585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70238495,"text":"70238495 - 2022 - Predator movements in relation to habitat features reveal vulnerability of duck nests to predation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-28T13:07:55.816605","indexId":"70238495","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-20T07:04:36","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predator movements in relation to habitat features reveal vulnerability of duck nests to predation","docAbstract":"Nest predation is the main cause of nest failure for ducks. Understanding how habitat features influence predator movements may facilitate management of upland and wetland breeding habitats that reduces predator encounter rates with duck nests and increases nest survival rates. For 1618 duck nests, nest survival increased with distance to phragmites (Phragmites australis), shrubs, telephone poles, human structures, and canals, but not for four other habitat features. Using GPS collars, we tracked 25 raccoons (Procyon lotor) and 16 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) over 4 years during waterfowl breeding and found marked differences in how these predators were located relative to specific habitat features; moreover, the probability of duck nests being encountered by predators differed by species. Specifically, proximity to canals, wetlands, trees, levees/roads, human structures, shrubs, and telephone poles increased the likelihood of a nest being encountered by collared raccoons. For collared skunks, nests were more likely to be encountered if they were closer to canals, trees, and shrubs, and farther from wetlands and human structures. Most predator encounters with duck nests were attributable to a few individuals; 29.2% of raccoons and 38.5% of skunks were responsible for 95.6% of total nest encounters. During the central span of duck nesting (April 17–June 14: 58 nights), these seven raccoons and five skunks encountered >1 nest on 50.8 ± 29.2% (mean ± SD) and 41.5 ± 28.3% of nights, respectively, and of those nights individual raccoons and skunks averaged 2.60 ± 1.28 and 2.50 ± 1.09 nest encounters/night, respectively. For collared predators that encountered >1 nest, a higher proportion of nests encountered by skunks had evidence of predation (51.9 ± 26.6%) compared to nests encountered by raccoons (22.3 ± 17.1%). Because duck eggs were most likely consumed as raccoons and skunks opportunistically discovered nests, managing the habitat features those predators most strongly associated with could potentially reduce rates of egg predation.
Investigators have speculated that the climate-driven “greening of the Arctic” may benefit barren-ground caribou populations, but paradoxically many populations have declined in recent years. This pattern has raised concerns about the influence of summer habitat conditions on caribou demographic rates, and how populations may be impacted in the future. The short Arctic summer provides caribou with important forage resources but is also the time they are exposed to intense harassment by insects, factors which are both being altered by longer, warmer growing seasons. To better understand the effects of summer forage and insect activity on Arctic caribou demographic rates, we investigated the influence of estimated forage biomass, digestible energy (DE), digestible nitrogen (DN), and mosquito activity on the reproductive success and survival of adult females in the Central Arctic Herd on the North Slope of Alaska. We tested the hypotheses that greater early summer DN would increase subsequent reproduction (parturition and late June calving success) while greater biomass and DE would increase adult survival (September–May), and that elevated mosquito activity would reduce both demographic rates. Because the period when abundant forage DN is limited and overlaps with the period of mosquito harassment, we also expected years with low DN and high harassment to synergistically reduce caribou reproductive success. Examining these relationships at the individual-level, using GPS-collared females, and at the population-level, using long-term monitoring data, we generally found support for our expectations. Greater early summer DN was associated with increased subsequent calving success, while greater summer biomass was associated with increased adult survival. Mosquito activity was associated with reductions in adult female parturition, late June calving success, and survival, and in years with low DN, had compounding effects on subsequent late June calving success. Our findings indicate that summer nutrition and mosquito activity collectively influence the demographic rates of Arctic caribou, and may impact the dynamics of populations in the future under changing environmental conditions.
The Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR) consists of two Missouri River segments managed by the National Park Service on the border of South Dakota and Nebraska. Both river segments are unchannelized and maintain much of their pre-dam channel form, but upstream dams have caused reductions in peak flow magnitudes and sediment supply. The 39-mile segment is located between Fort Randall and Gavins Point Dams, transitioning from a riverine process domain to a distributary delta process domain in the headwaters of Lewis and Clark Lake. The 59-mile segment, an entirely riverine process domain, is downstream from Gavins Point Dam, the most downstream main channel dam on the Missouri River, and upstream from a highly altered navigation channel extending more than 1,000 kilometers downstream to St. Louis, Missouri. The National Park Service seeks to preserve the outstandingly remarkable natural, cultural, and recreational values of the MNRR. There is a particular need to understand bank-erosion processes to guide management decisions related to bank-erosion controls.
Changes in channel shape, as measured in topographic cross sections surveyed every 5–10 years since the mid-20th century, document bed incision (bed-elevation lowering) in riverine process domains, a mix of aggradation and incision in the delta, and aggradation in Lewis and Clark Lake. Channel incision is greatest in the 59-mile segment, where mean thalweg (deepest point in a cross section) incision is 3.5 meters, and net incision in the thalweg greater than 5 meters was observed at a cross section 93 kilometers downstream from Gavins Point Dam. Analysis of topographic cross sections also indicates that rates of bed-elevation change since 1960 were lowest in the 39-mile river segment and in Lewis and Clark Lake. Rates of bed-elevation change were higher in the delta and 59-mile segments but lower in cross sections near Gavins Point Dam where the channel is confined by bank revetment on both banks and the bed has coarsened substantially since completion of the dam. Several large floods in recent decades, including a post-dam record flood event in 2011, scoured the bed and deposited large high-elevation sandbars in both river segments, especially in the 59-mile segment. Analysis of topographic cross-sections indicates the 2011 flood event caused substantial erosion and deposition, low magnitude net incision in the river segments and delta, and considerable sediment aggradation in the lake. Surveys taken after the 2011 flood in the 59-mile segment indicate a trend of sediment rearrangement and channel recovery following large floods, with the highest parts of the bed, sandbars, eroding and lowering while sediment was deposited on the deepest parts of the channel, which increased in elevation.
Inundation modeling results indicate that the narrower valley in the 39-mile segment results in a higher percentage of the flood plain being inundated by flooding relative to the 59-mile segment, which has a much wider valley. Likewise, bed incision in the 59-mile segment has increased channel capacity and resulted in a modern channel corridor inset into a higher flood-plain surface. The inset flood plain was inundated by the 2011 flood, but the pre-dam flood plain is rarely inundated. Analysis of channel boundaries over time indicates that pre-dam channel-migration rates were as much as five times larger than modern channel-migration rates in the 59-mile segment. Bank erosion in the 59-mile segment has primarily been into post-1894 channel deposits; bank-erosion rates are comparably very low in the 39-mile segment. Analysis of channel-migration zones indicates that most erosion is isolated to local hot spots and is used to establish predictions for 10 and 20 years into the future based on past movement rates in both MNRR segments. Long-term bed-elevation and planform trends indicate that rates of adjustment in the 59-mile segment are slowing and may be approaching a new equilibrium, but recent large floods and spatial variability contribute to considerable uncertainty. Additional monitoring of channel morphology would be needed to confirm trends observed in this analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Elliott, C.M., and Jacobson, R.B., 2022, Sixty years of channel adjustments to dams in the two segments of the Missouri National Recreational River, South Dakota and Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5087, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225087.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 75 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"90","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-128033","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407044,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225087/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":406985,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RZPNJR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Channel geometry, banklines and floodplain inundation over a range of discharges in two segments of the Missouri National Recreational River, South Dakota and Nebraska, 1955–2018"},{"id":406984,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5087/images"},{"id":406983,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5087/sir20225087.XML"},{"id":406982,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5087/sir20225087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022–5087"},{"id":406981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5087/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Missouri National Recreational River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 42.49640294093705\n ],\n [\n -96.5313720703125,\n 42.49640294093705\n ],\n [\n -96.5313720703125,\n 43.1450861841603\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 43.1450861841603\n ],\n [\n -98.61328125,\n 42.49640294093705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
Marine acoustic sources are widely used for geophysical imaging, oceanographic sensing, and communicating with and tracking objects or robotic vehicles in the water column. Under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act and similar regulations in several other countries, the impact of controlled acoustic sources is assessed based on whether the sound levels received by marine mammals meet the criteria for harassment that causes certain behavioral responses. This study describes quantitative factors beyond received sound levels that could be used to assess how marine species are affected by many commonly deployed marine acoustic sources, including airguns, high-resolution geophysical sources (e.g., multibeam echosounders, sidescan sonars, subbottom profilers, boomers, and sparkers), oceanographic instrumentation (e.g., acoustic doppler current profilers, split-beam fisheries sonars), and communication/tracking sources (e.g., acoustic releases and locators, navigational transponders). Using physical criteria about the sources, such as source level, transmission frequency, directionality, beamwidth, and pulse repetition rate, we divide marine acoustic sources into four tiers that could inform regulatory evaluation. Tier 1 refers to high-energy airgun surveys with a total volume larger than 1500 in3 (24.5 L) or arrays with more than 12 airguns, while Tier 2 covers the remaining low/intermediate energy airgun surveys. Tier 4 includes most high-resolution geophysical, oceanographic, and communication/tracking sources, which are considered unlikely to result in incidental take of marine mammals and therefore termed de minimis. Tier 3 covers most non-airgun seismic sources, which either have characteristics that do not meet the de minimis category (e.g., some sparkers) or could not be fully evaluated here (e.g., bubble guns, some boomers). We also consider the simultaneous use of multiple acoustic sources, discuss marine mammal field observations that are consistent with the de minimis designation for some acoustic sources, and suggest how to evaluate acoustic sources that are not explicitly considered here.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3390/jmse10091278","usgsCitation":"Ruppel, C.D., Weber, T., Staaterman, E., Labak, S., and Hart, P.E., 2022, Categorizing active marine acoustic sources based on their potential to affect marine animals: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 10, no. 9, 1278, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091278.","productDescription":"1278, 46 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127151","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, T.S.","contributorId":248735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49998,"text":"University of Rochester, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New York,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staaterman, Erica","contributorId":296672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staaterman","given":"Erica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25296,"text":"BOEM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labak, Stanley","contributorId":245146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Labak","given":"Stanley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49093,"text":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Patrick E. 0000-0002-5080-1426 hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-1426","contributorId":2879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70236805,"text":"70236805 - 2022 - Floodplain ecology: A novel wetland community of the Amazon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T14:35:18.340315","indexId":"70236805","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-19T09:28:28","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1352,"text":"Current Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floodplain ecology: A novel wetland community of the Amazon","docAbstract":"An expedition to the upper estuarine reaches of the Amazon River reveals intriguing overlap of tropical mangrove wetlands with riverine floodplain forests. This newly discovered type of forested wetland assemblage may provide a uniquely process-rich carbon hotspot.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.041","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K., 2022, Floodplain ecology: A novel wetland community of the Amazon: Current Biology, v. 32, no. 16, p. R879-R881, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.041.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"R879","endPage":"R881","ipdsId":"IP-143053","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.041","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406957,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Amazon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -54.3603515625,\n -2.108898659243126\n ],\n [\n -52.5146484375,\n -4.171115454867424\n ],\n [\n -49.81201171875,\n -3.601142320158722\n ],\n [\n -47.61474609375,\n -1.911266535096585\n ],\n [\n -47.87841796875,\n 0.08789059053082422\n ],\n [\n -49.5703125,\n 0.7690198781221326\n ],\n [\n -49.68017578124999,\n 1.8234225930141614\n ],\n [\n -50.60302734375,\n 2.5040852618529215\n ],\n [\n -54.3603515625,\n -2.108898659243126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":223022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236778,"text":"70236778 - 2022 - Future changes in habitat availability for two specialist snake species in the imperiled rocklands of South Florida, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T14:02:45.994812","indexId":"70236778","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-19T08:30:16","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Future changes in habitat availability for two specialist snake species in the imperiled rocklands of South Florida, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Rockland habitat in South Florida, USA, is a threatened ecosystem that has been lost, fragmented, or degraded because of urbanization or other anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, low-lying islands and coastal areas are experiencing sea level rise (SLR) and an increased frequency and intensity of tidal flooding, putting rockland habitats there at increasing risk of ecological change. We evaluated changes in the extent of rockland habitat under various scenarios of future SLR, tidal flooding, and human development for two endemic state-listed threatened species of snakes, the Rim Rock Crowned Snake (Tantilla oolitica) and the Key Ring-necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus acricus). Both snakes are restricted to South Florida. We used recent and historical species' records to determine each species' habitat range. We then estimated the extent of future habitat loss due to SLR and continued human development, as well as degradation of the remaining habitat. We also asked whether the future potential drivers of habitat loss and degradation differ between the two species and across their habitat ranges. We predicted that saltwater intrusion could negatively affect rocklands by 2050, resulting in degradation of 80% of the existing habitat because of an anticipated 42 cm of SLR. Moreover, our model suggests short-term stochastic events such as storm surge and high tides may increasingly saturate the root zone of rockland vegetation before complete inundation. Under the extreme scenario, we predict most of the rockland habitat used by these two species of snakes may be inundated by 2080. Under the extreme SLR scenario, current rocklands are likely to convert to more halophytic habitat (mangrove or salt marsh wetland) within 50–60 years. Under the low scenario, 31% of rockland habitat may be lost due to human development by 2030. Therefore, mitigation actions may help to conserve specialist species within rockland habitat threatened by human activities and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/csp2.12802","usgsCitation":"Subedi, S.C., Walls, S., Barichivich, W., Boyles, R., Ross, M.S., Hogan, J.A., and Tupy, J.A., 2022, Future changes in habitat availability for two specialist snake species in the imperiled rocklands of South Florida, U.S.A.: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 4, no. 10, e12802, 12 p.; Data Release, https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12802.","productDescription":"e12802, 12 p.; Data Release","ipdsId":"IP-137625","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446400,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12802","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TRHCLU"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County, Monroe County","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.80895642460405,\n 24.453130854268252\n ],\n [\n -81.0587041726492,\n 24.65004795330806\n ],\n [\n -80.4614884497,\n 24.968530156464837\n ],\n [\n -80.12555950968002,\n 25.52220481330157\n ],\n [\n -80.21887446639069,\n 25.505361805372416\n ],\n [\n -80.45776075557028,\n 25.296312583579905\n ],\n [\n -80.69664704475028,\n 24.975295417537964\n ],\n [\n -81.30506056250486,\n 24.741608543790022\n ],\n [\n -81.58873803090547,\n 24.77889253696236\n ],\n [\n -81.857485106233,\n 24.60254250373599\n ],\n [\n -81.80895642460405,\n 24.453130854268252\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subedi, Suresh C. 0000-0001-8689-0689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8689-0689","contributorId":217984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Subedi","given":"Suresh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":3055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barichivich, William 0000-0003-1103-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-6861","contributorId":215988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barichivich","given":"William","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyles, Ryan 0000-0001-9272-867X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9272-867X","contributorId":221983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyles","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, Michael S.","contributorId":202431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36434,"text":"Florida International University, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hogan, J. Aaron","contributorId":266106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hogan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":54906,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tupy, John A.","contributorId":296678,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tupy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":64127,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mississippi Ecological Services Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70236764,"text":"70236764 - 2022 - Comparative susceptibilities of selected California Chinook salmon and steelhead populations to isolates of L Genogroup Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T13:15:31.160078","indexId":"70236764","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-19T08:09:56","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5762,"text":"Animals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative susceptibilities of selected California Chinook salmon and steelhead populations to isolates of L Genogroup Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV)","docAbstract":"Salmonid species demonstrate varied susceptibility to the viral pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In California conservation hatcheries, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have experienced disease outbreaks due to L genogroup IHNV since the 1940s, while indigenous steelhead (anadromous O. mykiss) appear relatively resistant. To characterize factors contributing to the losses of California salmonid fish due to IHNV, three populations of Chinook salmon and two populations of steelhead native to California watersheds were compared in controlled waterborne challenges with California L genogroup IHNV isolates at viral doses of 104–106 pfu mL−1. Chinook salmon fry were moderately to highly susceptible (CPM = 47–87%) when exposed to subgroup LI and LII IHNV. Susceptibility to mortality decreased with increasing age and also with a higher temperature. Mortality for steelhead fry exposed to two IHNV isolates was low (CPM = 1.3–33%). There was little intraspecies variation in susceptibility among populations of Chinook salmon and no differences in virulence between viruses strains. Viral persistence was demonstrated by the isolation of low levels of infectious IHNV from the skin of two juvenile Chinook salmon at 215 d post exposure. The persistence of the virus among Chinook salmon used for stocking into Lake Oroville may be an explanation for the severe epidemics of IHN at the Feather River hatchery in 1998–2002.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/ani12131733","usgsCitation":"Bendorf, C.M., Yun, S.C., Kurath, G., and Hedrick, R.P., 2022, Comparative susceptibilities of selected California Chinook salmon and steelhead populations to isolates of L Genogroup Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV): Animals, v. 12, no. 13, 1733, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131733.","productDescription":"1733, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141052","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":446405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131733","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406949,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.421439,37.869969],[-122.41847,37.852721],[-122.434403,37.852434],[-122.446316,37.861046],[-122.430958,37.872242],[-122.421439,37.869969]]],[[[-122.3785,37.826505],[-122.377879,37.830648],[-122.369941,37.832137],[-122.358779,37.814278],[-122.362661,37.807577],[-122.372422,37.811301],[-122.3785,37.826505]]],[[[-120.248484,33.999329],[-120.230001,34.010136],[-120.19578,34.004284],[-120.167306,34.008219],[-120.147647,34.024831],[-120.140362,34.025974],[-120.115058,34.019866],[-120.090182,34.019806],[-120.073609,34.024477],[-120.057637,34.03734],[-120.043259,34.035806],[-120.050382,34.013331],[-120.046575,34.000002],[-120.011123,33.979894],[-119.978876,33.983081],[-119.979913,33.969623],[-119.97026,33.944359],[-120.017715,33.936366],[-120.048611,33.915775],[-120.098601,33.907853],[-120.121817,33.895712],[-120.168974,33.91909],[-120.224461,33.989059],[-120.248484,33.999329]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.755521,34.056716],[-119.712576,34.043265],[-119.686507,34.019805],[-119.637742,34.013178],[-119.612226,34.021256],[-119.604287,34.031561],[-119.608798,34.035245],[-119.59324,34.049625],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.52064,34.034262],[-119.542449,34.021082],[-119.547072,34.005469],[-119.560464,33.99553],[-119.575636,33.996009],[-119.596877,33.988611],[-119.662825,33.985889],[-119.721206,33.959583],[-119.742966,33.963877],[-119.758141,33.959212],[-119.842748,33.97034],[-119.873358,33.980375],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.876329,34.032087],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.923337,34.069361],[-119.919155,34.07728],[-119.912857,34.077508],[-119.857304,34.071298],[-119.825865,34.059794],[-119.818742,34.052997],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-120.46258,34.042627],[-120.440248,34.036918],[-120.415287,34.05496],[-120.403613,34.050442],[-120.390906,34.051994],[-120.368813,34.06778],[-120.370176,34.074907],[-120.362251,34.073056],[-120.354982,34.059256],[-120.36029,34.05582],[-120.358608,34.050235],[-120.346946,34.046576],[-120.331161,34.049097],[-120.302122,34.023574],[-120.317052,34.018837],[-120.347706,34.020114],[-120.35793,34.015029],[-120.409368,34.032198],[-120.427408,34.025425],[-120.454134,34.028081],[-120.465329,34.038448],[-120.46258,34.042627]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.535823,32.90628],[-118.551134,32.945155],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.596037,33.015357],[-118.606559,33.01469],[-118.605534,33.030999],[-118.594033,33.035951],[-118.57516,33.033961],[-118.569013,33.029151],[-118.559171,33.006291],[-118.540069,32.980933],[-118.496811,32.933847],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.353504,32.821962],[-118.356541,32.817311],[-118.379968,32.824545],[-118.394565,32.823978],[-118.425634,32.800595],[-118.44492,32.820593],[-118.496298,32.851572],[-118.507193,32.876264],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.477646,33.448392],[-118.445812,33.428907],[-118.423576,33.427258],[-118.382037,33.409883],[-118.370323,33.409285],[-118.365094,33.388374],[-118.310213,33.335795],[-118.303174,33.320264],[-118.305084,33.310323],[-118.325244,33.299075],[-118.374768,33.320065],[-118.440047,33.318638],[-118.465368,33.326056],[-118.48877,33.356649],[-118.478465,33.38632],[-118.48875,33.419826],[-118.515914,33.422417],[-118.52323,33.430733],[-118.53738,33.434608],[-118.563442,33.434381],[-118.60403,33.47654],[-118.54453,33.474119],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-119.543842,33.280329],[-119.528141,33.284929],[-119.465717,33.259239],[-119.429559,33.228167],[-119.444269,33.21919],[-119.476029,33.21552],[-119.545872,33.233406],[-119.564971,33.24744],[-119.578942,33.278628],[-119.562042,33.271129],[-119.543842,33.280329]]],[[[-122.289533,42.007764],[-121.035195,41.993323],[-120.001058,41.995139],[-119.995926,40.499901],[-120.005743,39.228664],[-120.001014,38.999574],[-119.333423,38.538328],[-118.714312,38.102185],[-117.875927,37.497267],[-117.244917,37.030244],[-116.488233,36.459097],[-115.852908,35.96966],[-115.102881,35.379371],[-114.633013,35.002085],[-114.629015,34.986148],[-114.634953,34.958918],[-114.629753,34.938684],[-114.635176,34.875003],[-114.623939,34.859738],[-114.586842,34.835672],[-114.57101,34.794294],[-114.552682,34.766871],[-114.516619,34.736745],[-114.470477,34.711368],[-114.452628,34.668546],[-114.451753,34.654321],[-114.441465,34.64253],[-114.438739,34.621455],[-114.424202,34.610453],[-114.429747,34.591734],[-114.422382,34.580711],[-114.405228,34.569637],[-114.380838,34.529724],[-114.378124,34.507288],[-114.386699,34.457911],[-114.375789,34.447798],[-114.335372,34.450038],[-114.32613,34.437251],[-114.294836,34.421389],[-114.286802,34.40534],[-114.264317,34.401329],[-114.226107,34.365916],[-114.199482,34.361373],[-114.176909,34.349306],[-114.157206,34.317862],[-114.138282,34.30323],[-114.134768,34.268965],[-114.139055,34.259538],[-114.159697,34.258242],[-114.223384,34.205136],[-114.229715,34.186928],[-114.254141,34.173831],[-114.287294,34.170529],[-114.320777,34.138635],[-114.353031,34.133121],[-114.366521,34.118575],[-114.390565,34.110084],[-114.411681,34.110031],[-114.43338,34.088413],[-114.43934,34.057893],[-114.434949,34.037784],[-114.438266,34.022609],[-114.46283,34.008421],[-114.46117,33.994687],[-114.499883,33.961789],[-114.522002,33.955623],[-114.535478,33.934651],[-114.533679,33.926072],[-114.508558,33.906098],[-114.518555,33.889847],[-114.50434,33.876882],[-114.503017,33.867998],[-114.514673,33.858638],[-114.52453,33.858477],[-114.529597,33.848063],[-114.520465,33.827778],[-114.527161,33.816191],[-114.504863,33.760465],[-114.504483,33.750998],[-114.512348,33.734214],[-114.496565,33.719155],[-114.494197,33.707922],[-114.495719,33.698454],[-114.523959,33.685879],[-114.531523,33.675108],[-114.525201,33.661583],[-114.530244,33.65014],[-114.526947,33.637534],[-114.529662,33.622794],[-114.524813,33.611351],[-114.540617,33.591412],[-114.5403,33.580615],[-114.524391,33.553683],[-114.558898,33.531819],[-114.560552,33.518272],[-114.569533,33.509219],[-114.591554,33.499443],[-114.622918,33.456561],[-114.627125,33.433554],[-114.635183,33.422726],[-114.652828,33.412922],[-114.687953,33.417944],[-114.701732,33.408388],[-114.725535,33.404056],[-114.708408,33.384147],[-114.698035,33.352442],[-114.707962,33.323421],[-114.731223,33.302434],[-114.723259,33.288079],[-114.684363,33.276025],[-114.672401,33.26047],[-114.689421,33.24525],[-114.674479,33.225504],[-114.678749,33.203448],[-114.675831,33.18152],[-114.679359,33.159519],[-114.703682,33.113769],[-114.706488,33.08816],[-114.68902,33.084036],[-114.686991,33.070969],[-114.674296,33.057171],[-114.673659,33.041897],[-114.662317,33.032671],[-114.64598,33.048903],[-114.618788,33.027202],[-114.589778,33.026228],[-114.575161,33.036542],[-114.52013,33.029984],[-114.502871,33.011153],[-114.492938,32.971781],[-114.476156,32.975168],[-114.467664,32.966861],[-114.469113,32.952673],[-114.48074,32.937027],[-114.47664,32.923628],[-114.462929,32.907944],[-114.468971,32.845155],[-114.494116,32.823288],[-114.510217,32.816417],[-114.530755,32.793485],[-114.532432,32.776923],[-114.526856,32.757094],[-114.539093,32.756949],[-114.539224,32.749812],[-114.564447,32.749554],[-114.564508,32.742298],[-114.581736,32.742321],[-114.581784,32.734946],[-114.612697,32.734516],[-114.618373,32.728245],[-114.688779,32.737675],[-114.701918,32.745548],[-114.719633,32.718763],[-116.04662,32.623353],[-117.124862,32.534156],[-117.136664,32.618754],[-117.168866,32.671952],[-117.196767,32.688851],[-117.213068,32.687751],[-117.236239,32.671353],[-117.246069,32.669352],[-117.25757,32.72605],[-117.25257,32.752949],[-117.25497,32.786948],[-117.26107,32.803148],[-117.280971,32.822247],[-117.28217,32.839547],[-117.27387,32.851447],[-117.26497,32.848947],[-117.25617,32.859447],[-117.25167,32.874346],[-117.25447,32.900146],[-117.28077,33.012343],[-117.315278,33.093504],[-117.328359,33.121842],[-117.362572,33.168437],[-117.469794,33.296417],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-117.547693,33.365491],[-117.59588,33.386629],[-117.607905,33.406317],[-117.645582,33.440728],[-117.684584,33.461927],[-117.691984,33.456627],[-117.715349,33.460556],[-117.726486,33.483427],[-117.784888,33.541525],[-117.814188,33.552224],[-117.840289,33.573523],[-117.87679,33.592322],[-117.927091,33.605521],[-117.940591,33.620021],[-118.000593,33.654319],[-118.029694,33.676418],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.132698,33.753217],[-118.180831,33.763072],[-118.187701,33.749218],[-118.181367,33.717367],[-118.207476,33.716905],[-118.258687,33.703741],[-118.317205,33.712818],[-118.360505,33.736817],[-118.385006,33.741417],[-118.396606,33.735917],[-118.411211,33.741985],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.405007,33.800215],[-118.394376,33.804289],[-118.392107,33.840915],[-118.460611,33.969111],[-118.482729,33.995912],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-118.543115,34.038508],[-118.569235,34.04164],[-118.609652,34.036424],[-118.668358,34.038887],[-118.706215,34.029383],[-118.744952,34.032103],[-118.783433,34.021543],[-118.805114,34.001239],[-118.854653,34.034215],[-118.928048,34.045847],[-118.938081,34.043383],[-119.004644,34.066231],[-119.037494,34.083111],[-119.088536,34.09831],[-119.109784,34.094566],[-119.130169,34.100102],[-119.18864,34.139005],[-119.216441,34.146105],[-119.257043,34.213304],[-119.278644,34.266902],[-119.290945,34.274902],[-119.313034,34.275689],[-119.337475,34.290576],[-119.370356,34.319486],[-119.388249,34.317398],[-119.42777,34.353016],[-119.461036,34.374064],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-119.559459,34.413395],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-119.638864,34.415696],[-119.671866,34.416096],[-119.688167,34.412497],[-119.684666,34.408297],[-119.709067,34.395397],[-119.729369,34.395897],[-119.794771,34.417597],[-119.835771,34.415796],[-119.853771,34.407996],[-119.873971,34.408795],[-119.925227,34.433931],[-119.956433,34.435288],[-120.008077,34.460447],[-120.038828,34.463434],[-120.088591,34.460208],[-120.141165,34.473405],[-120.25777,34.467451],[-120.295051,34.470623],[-120.341369,34.458789],[-120.471376,34.447846],[-120.47661,34.475131],[-120.511421,34.522953],[-120.581293,34.556959],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.637805,34.56622],[-120.645739,34.581035],[-120.640244,34.604406],[-120.60197,34.692095],[-120.60045,34.70464],[-120.614852,34.730709],[-120.62632,34.738072],[-120.637415,34.755895],[-120.616296,34.816308],[-120.610266,34.85818],[-120.616325,34.866739],[-120.639283,34.880413],[-120.647328,34.901133],[-120.670835,34.904115],[-120.63999,35.002963],[-120.629931,35.061515],[-120.630957,35.101941],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.651134,35.147768],[-120.662475,35.153357],[-120.675074,35.153061],[-120.698906,35.171192],[-120.714185,35.175998],[-120.74887,35.177795],[-120.754823,35.174701],[-120.756086,35.160459],[-120.760492,35.15971],[-120.778998,35.168897],[-120.786076,35.177666],[-120.856047,35.206487],[-120.89679,35.247877],[-120.862684,35.346776],[-120.866099,35.393045],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-120.907937,35.449069],[-120.946546,35.446715],[-120.969436,35.460197],[-121.003359,35.46071],[-121.101595,35.548814],[-121.126027,35.593058],[-121.143561,35.606046],[-121.166712,35.635399],[-121.251034,35.656641],[-121.284973,35.674109],[-121.289794,35.689428],[-121.314632,35.71331],[-121.315786,35.75252],[-121.332449,35.783106],[-121.388053,35.823483],[-121.413146,35.855316],[-121.439584,35.86695],[-121.462264,35.885618],[-121.461227,35.896906],[-121.472435,35.91989],[-121.4862,35.970348],[-121.503112,36.000299],[-121.531876,36.014368],[-121.574602,36.025156],[-121.590395,36.050363],[-121.592853,36.065062],[-121.606845,36.072065],[-121.618672,36.087767],[-121.629634,36.114452],[-121.680145,36.165818],[-121.717176,36.195146],[-121.779851,36.227407],[-121.797059,36.234211],[-121.813734,36.234235],[-121.826425,36.24186],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.874797,36.289064],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.894714,36.317806],[-121.892917,36.340428],[-121.905446,36.358269],[-121.903195,36.393603],[-121.914378,36.404344],[-121.91474,36.42589],[-121.9416,36.485602],[-121.938763,36.506423],[-121.944666,36.521861],[-121.925937,36.525173],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.942533,36.566435],[-121.957335,36.564482],[-121.978592,36.580488],[-121.970427,36.582754],[-121.941666,36.618059],[-121.93643,36.636746],[-121.923866,36.634559],[-121.890164,36.609259],[-121.889064,36.601759],[-121.860604,36.611136],[-121.831995,36.644856],[-121.814462,36.682858],[-121.807062,36.714157],[-121.805643,36.750239],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.809363,36.848654],[-121.862266,36.931552],[-121.894667,36.961851],[-121.930069,36.97815],[-121.95167,36.97145],[-121.972771,36.954151],[-122.012373,36.96455],[-122.023373,36.96215],[-122.027174,36.95115],[-122.050122,36.948523],[-122.105976,36.955951],[-122.155078,36.98085],[-122.20618,37.013949],[-122.252181,37.059448],[-122.284882,37.101747],[-122.306139,37.116383],[-122.337071,37.117382],[-122.337833,37.135936],[-122.359791,37.155574],[-122.367085,37.172817],[-122.390599,37.182988],[-122.405073,37.195791],[-122.407181,37.219465],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.40085,37.359225],[-122.423286,37.392542],[-122.443687,37.435941],[-122.452087,37.48054],[-122.472388,37.50054],[-122.493789,37.492341],[-122.499289,37.495341],[-122.516689,37.52134],[-122.519533,37.537302],[-122.513688,37.552239],[-122.517187,37.590637],[-122.501386,37.599637],[-122.494085,37.644035],[-122.496784,37.686433],[-122.514483,37.780829],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.485783,37.790629],[-122.478083,37.810828],[-122.463793,37.804653],[-122.407452,37.811441],[-122.398139,37.80563],[-122.385323,37.790724],[-122.375854,37.734979],[-122.356784,37.729505],[-122.361749,37.71501],[-122.370411,37.717572],[-122.391374,37.708331],[-122.387626,37.67906],[-122.374291,37.662206],[-122.3756,37.652389],[-122.387381,37.648462],[-122.386072,37.637662],[-122.35531,37.615736],[-122.358583,37.611155],[-122.373309,37.613773],[-122.378545,37.605592],[-122.360219,37.592501],[-122.317676,37.590865],[-122.305895,37.575484],[-122.262698,37.572866],[-122.214264,37.538505],[-122.196593,37.537196],[-122.194957,37.522469],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.155686,37.501198],[-122.140142,37.507907],[-122.127706,37.500053],[-122.111344,37.50758],[-122.111998,37.528851],[-122.147014,37.588411],[-122.145378,37.600846],[-122.152905,37.640771],[-122.163049,37.667933],[-122.246826,37.72193],[-122.257953,37.739601],[-122.257134,37.745001],[-122.242638,37.753744],[-122.253753,37.761218],[-122.293996,37.770416],[-122.330963,37.786035],[-122.33555,37.799538],[-122.333711,37.809797],[-122.323567,37.823214],[-122.303931,37.830087],[-122.301313,37.847758],[-122.310477,37.873938],[-122.309986,37.892755],[-122.32373,37.905845],[-122.33453,37.908791],[-122.35711,37.908791],[-122.367582,37.903882],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.39049,37.922535],[-122.413725,37.937262],[-122.430087,37.963115],[-122.415361,37.963115],[-122.399832,37.956009],[-122.367582,37.978168],[-122.361905,37.989991],[-122.367909,38.01253],[-122.340093,38.003694],[-122.321112,38.012857],[-122.300823,38.010893],[-122.283478,38.022674],[-122.262861,38.0446],[-122.273006,38.07438],[-122.314567,38.115287],[-122.366273,38.141467],[-122.39638,38.149976],[-122.403514,38.150624],[-122.409798,38.136231],[-122.439577,38.116923],[-122.454958,38.118887],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.483757,38.071762],[-122.499465,38.032165],[-122.497828,38.019402],[-122.481466,38.007621],[-122.462812,38.003367],[-122.452995,37.996167],[-122.448413,37.984713],[-122.456595,37.978823],[-122.471975,37.981768],[-122.488665,37.966714],[-122.487684,37.948716],[-122.479175,37.941516],[-122.48572,37.937589],[-122.499465,37.939225],[-122.503064,37.928753],[-122.478193,37.918608],[-122.471975,37.910427],[-122.472303,37.902573],[-122.458558,37.894064],[-122.448413,37.89341],[-122.438268,37.880974],[-122.45005,37.871157],[-122.462158,37.868866],[-122.480811,37.873448],[-122.479151,37.825428],[-122.505383,37.822128],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.561487,37.851827],[-122.584289,37.859227],[-122.60129,37.875126],[-122.656519,37.904519],[-122.682171,37.90645],[-122.70264,37.89382],[-122.727297,37.904626],[-122.736898,37.925825],[-122.766138,37.938004],[-122.783244,37.951334],[-122.797405,37.976657],[-122.821383,37.996735],[-122.856573,38.016717],[-122.882114,38.025273],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-122.956811,38.02872],[-122.981776,38.009119],[-122.97439,37.992429],[-123.024066,37.994878],[-123.011533,38.003438],[-122.99242,38.041758],[-122.960889,38.112962],[-122.949074,38.15406],[-122.953629,38.17567],[-122.965408,38.187113],[-122.968112,38.202428],[-122.993959,38.237602],[-122.968569,38.242879],[-122.967203,38.250691],[-122.977082,38.267902],[-122.986319,38.273164],[-123.002911,38.295708],[-123.024333,38.310573],[-123.038742,38.313576],[-123.051061,38.310693],[-123.053504,38.299385],[-123.063671,38.302178],[-123.074684,38.322574],[-123.068437,38.33521],[-123.068265,38.359865],[-123.128825,38.450418],[-123.202277,38.494314],[-123.249797,38.511045],[-123.287156,38.540223],[-123.331899,38.565542],[-123.343338,38.590008],[-123.371876,38.607235],[-123.398166,38.647044],[-123.441774,38.699744],[-123.461291,38.717001],[-123.514784,38.741966],[-123.541837,38.776764],[-123.579856,38.802835],[-123.58638,38.802857],[-123.605317,38.822765],[-123.647387,38.845472],[-123.659846,38.872529],[-123.71054,38.91323],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.726315,38.936367],[-123.738886,38.95412],[-123.729053,38.956667],[-123.711149,38.977316],[-123.6969,39.004401],[-123.690095,39.031157],[-123.693969,39.057363],[-123.713392,39.108422],[-123.721505,39.125327],[-123.737913,39.143442],[-123.742221,39.164885],[-123.765891,39.193657],[-123.774998,39.212083],[-123.777368,39.237214],[-123.787893,39.264327],[-123.803848,39.278771],[-123.803081,39.291747],[-123.811387,39.312825],[-123.808772,39.324368],[-123.822085,39.343857],[-123.826306,39.36871],[-123.81469,39.446538],[-123.766475,39.552803],[-123.787417,39.604552],[-123.782322,39.621486],[-123.792659,39.684122],[-123.808208,39.710715],[-123.829545,39.723071],[-123.838089,39.752409],[-123.839797,39.795637],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-123.907664,39.863028],[-123.930047,39.909697],[-123.954952,39.922373],[-123.980031,39.962458],[-124.035904,40.013319],[-124.056408,40.024305],[-124.068908,40.021307],[-124.079983,40.029773],[-124.080709,40.06611],[-124.110549,40.103765],[-124.187874,40.130542],[-124.214895,40.160902],[-124.296497,40.208816],[-124.320912,40.226617],[-124.327691,40.23737],[-124.34307,40.243979],[-124.363414,40.260974],[-124.363634,40.276212],[-124.347853,40.314634],[-124.362796,40.350046],[-124.365357,40.374855],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.391496,40.407047],[-124.409591,40.438076],[-124.38494,40.48982],[-124.383224,40.499852],[-124.387023,40.504954],[-124.382816,40.519],[-124.329404,40.61643],[-124.158322,40.876069],[-124.137066,40.925732],[-124.118147,40.989263],[-124.112165,41.028173],[-124.125448,41.048504],[-124.138217,41.054342],[-124.153622,41.05355],[-124.154513,41.087159],[-124.160556,41.099011],[-124.159065,41.121957],[-124.165414,41.129822],[-124.158539,41.143021],[-124.149674,41.140845],[-124.1438,41.144686],[-124.106986,41.229678],[-124.072294,41.374844],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.066057,41.470258],[-124.081427,41.511228],[-124.081987,41.547761],[-124.092404,41.553615],[-124.101123,41.569192],[-124.097385,41.585251],[-124.100961,41.602499],[-124.114413,41.616768],[-124.120225,41.640354],[-124.135552,41.657307],[-124.147412,41.717955],[-124.164716,41.740126],[-124.17739,41.745756],[-124.194953,41.736778],[-124.23972,41.7708],[-124.248704,41.771459],[-124.255994,41.783014],[-124.245027,41.7923],[-124.230678,41.818681],[-124.208439,41.888192],[-124.203402,41.940964],[-124.204948,41.983441],[-124.211605,41.99846],[-123.656998,41.995137],[-123.624554,41.999837],[-123.347562,41.999108],[-123.145959,42.009247],[-123.045254,42.003049],[-122.893961,42.002605],[-122.289533,42.007764]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"California\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"12","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bendorf, Christin M.","contributorId":296669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bendorf","given":"Christin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":64125,"text":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yun, Susan C.","contributorId":296670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yun","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":64125,"text":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":220175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hedrick, Ronald P.","contributorId":120917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70236493,"text":"ofr20221049 - 2022 - Understanding the Avian-Impact Offset Method—A tutorial","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T10:54:26.893321","indexId":"ofr20221049","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-19T07:22:59","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-1049","displayTitle":"Understanding the Avian-Impact Offset Method—A Tutorial","title":"Understanding the Avian-Impact Offset Method—A tutorial","docAbstract":"Biodiversity offsetting, or compensatory mitigation, is increasingly being used in temperate grassland and wetland ecosystems to compensate for unavoidable environmental damage from anthropogenic disturbances such as energy development and road construction. Energy-extraction and -generation facilities continue to proliferate across the natural landscapes of the United States, yet mitigation tools to ameliorate the negative behavioral effects on wildlife from these types of facilities are rarely implemented. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a 10-year before-after-control-impact (commonly referred to as BACI) study that evaluated the displacement effects of wind facilities on breeding grassland birds. The study determined behavioral avoidance for 7 of 9 species. This research is notable because of its design, geographical scope, and duration, which allowed for the determination of immediate, short-term effects; delayed or sustained effects; and discrete distances at which effects occurred. In addition, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Ducks Unlimited conducted a 3-year concurrent-year paired-reference study to determine behavioral avoidance for five species of dabbling ducks. By quantifying displacement rate from these two studies, U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service scientists developed the Avian-Impact Offset Method (AIOM) to quantify and compensate for loss in value of breeding habitat. The AIOM converts the biological value (that is, number of bird pairs) lost by way of avoidance and estimates the site-specific number of hectares of grasslands and number of wetlands needed to compensate for displaced pairs of grassland birds and waterfowl. By converting biological value to traditional units of measure in which land is described and purchased or sold, the AIOM lends itself readily to the delivery of offsetting measures such as easement protections and restoration projects. The AIOM tool is applicable to wind, solar, oil, gas, and transportation infrastructure.
This tutorial was designed to increase awareness of the AIOM and to promote its proper application. The tutorial is divided into four sections, each of which explains a discrete topic concerning aspects of behavioral displacement. The first section provides geographical and biological context, and the second section describes the field and statistical methods and results. The third section provides step-by-step instructions for applying the AIOM to several scenarios involving grassland birds or waterfowl at wind or oil facilities. The fourth section describes decision-support tools created to implement the AIOM. The appendices provide the actual field protocols constituting the methods for the research, provide detailed results by species and wind facility for that research, and provide detailed instructions for downloading and applying the decision-support tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221049","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Loesch, C.R., and Buhl, D.A., 2022, Understanding the Avian-Impact Offset Method—A tutorial: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1049, 227 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221049.","productDescription":"Report: v, 227 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"238","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-134338","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406394,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":406396,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J6QUF6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"North American Breeding Bird Survey dataset 1966–2019"},{"id":406395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1049/ofr20221049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"95.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022–1049"},{"id":406397,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T43SDG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Effects of wind-energy facilities on breeding grassland bird distributions"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 52.10650519075632\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 52.16045455774706\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 51.17934297928927\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -111.796875,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -107.40234375,\n 47.040182144806664\n ],\n [\n -103.798828125,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -102.39257812499999,\n 47.338822694822\n ],\n [\n -100.72265625,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n -100.37109375,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -99.49218749999999,\n 43.32517767999296\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 42.87596410238256\n ],\n [\n -95.09765625,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 50.45750402042058\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 52.10650519075632\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
This report describes geodetic and geologic information used to constrain deformation models of the 2023 update to the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM), a set of deformation models to interpret these data, and their implications for earthquake rates in the western United States. Recent updates provide a much larger data set of Global Positioning System crustal velocities than used in the 2014 NSHM, as well as hundreds of new faults considered as active sources for the 2023 NSHM. These data are interpreted by four geodetic models of deformation that estimate fault slip rates and their uncertainties together with off‐fault moment release rates. Key innovations in the 2023 NSHM relative to past practice include (1) the addition of two new (in addition to two existing) deformation models, (2) the revision and expansion of the geologic slip rate database, (3) accounting for fault creep through development of a creep‐rate model that is employed by the four deformation models, and (4) accounting for time‐dependent earthquake‐cycle effects through development of viscoelastic models of the earthquake cycle along the San Andreas fault and the Cascadia subduction zone. The effort includes development of a geologic deformation model that complements the four geodetic models. The current deformation models provide a new assessment of outstanding discrepancies between geologic and geodetic slip rates, at the same time highlighting the need for both geologic and geodetic slip rates to robustly inform the earthquake rate model.
Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity solutions of the western United States (WUS) are compiled from several sources of field networks and data processing centers for the 2023 U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM). These solutions include both survey and continuous‐mode GPS velocity measurements. I follow the data processing procedure of Parsons et al. (2013) for the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, version 3 and McCaffrey, Bird, et al. (2013) and Zeng and Shen (2013) for their WUS deformation models in support of the 2014 NSHM update. All GPS velocity vectors are first rotated to a common North American reference frame. I edit the velocities to remove outliers and data with significant influence from volcanism. The solutions are then combined into a final GPS velocity field consisting of 4979 horizontal velocity vectors. I compute strain rates based on these GPS velocities using the method of Shen et al. (2015). These strain rates correlate closely with seismicity rates in the WUS. The results are used for WUS geodetic and geologic deformation modeling in support of the 2023 NSHM update.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220220180","usgsCitation":"Zeng, Y., 2022, GPS velocity field of the Western United States for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model update: Seismological Research Letters, v. 93, no. 6, p. 3121-3134, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220180.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3121","endPage":"3134","ipdsId":"IP-142151","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -103.0078125,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 49.61070993807422\n ],\n [\n -125.94726562499999,\n 28.459033019728043\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeng, Yuehua 0000-0003-1161-1264 zeng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-1264","contributorId":145693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Yuehua","email":"zeng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70242153,"text":"70242153 - 2022 - Western U.S. geologic deformation model for use in the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model 2023","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T11:52:49.463107","indexId":"70242153","displayToPublicDate":"2022-09-19T06:48:31","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western U.S. geologic deformation model for use in the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model 2023","docAbstract":"Fault geometry and slip rates are key input data for geologic deformation models, which are a fundamental component of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs). However, geologic sources for PSHA have traditionally been limited to faults with field‐based slip rate constraints, which results in underrepresentation of known, but partially characterized, active faults. Here, we evaluate fault geometries and geologic fault slip rates for the western United States to construct a new geologic deformation model for the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model 2023 update (NSHM23). In previous NSHM iterations, only faults with published geologic slip rates were included. In the NSHM23 fault sections database compilation, this inclusion criterion was expanded to include faults without known slip rates. In this updated geologic deformation model, preferred slip rates and associated uncertainty distributions are incorporated for faults with slip rates derived from field studies. For faults without site‐specific slip rates, we evaluate a suite of uncertainty distributions derived from broad slip rate categories in the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Fault and Fold Database. Preferred slip rate distributions are selected via comparison with geodetic strain rates in tectonic subregions. The resultant moment of the geologic deformation model is generally in deficit compared with the geodetic moment within each region. Primary advances in the NSHM23 geologic deformation model include the following: (1) slip rates are presented as preferred values with uncertainties rather than single values; (2) the representation of the western U.S. active fault network is more complete; and (3) the geologic deformation model leverages geodetic information to assess regional constraints on geologic fault slip rates.
This study presents Raman spectroscopic data paired with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images to assess solid bitumen composition as a function of solid bitumen texture and association with minerals. A series of hydrous pyrolysis experiments (1–103 days, 300–370 °C) using a low maturity (0.25% solid bitumen reflectance, BRo), high total organic carbon [(TOC), 14.0 wt%] New Albany Shale sample as the starting material yielded pyrolysis residues designed to evaluate the evolution of solid bitumen aromaticity with increasing temperature and heating duration. Solid bitumen was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy wherein point data were collected from accumulations that ranged in size and degree of association with the mineral matrix. Raman spectroscopy results show that with increasing temperature and experimental duration, solid bitumen aromaticity increases and compositional variability decreases. With regards to texture and composition, coarser-grained solid bitumen (>1.3 μm from nearest mineral grain) has consistently higher, but less variable aromaticity than thinner, wispy solid bitumen which is more intimately associated with the mineral matrix. Collocated scanning electron microscope images were used to provide qualitative assessments of porosity hosted by the organic matter. These paired data sets suggest that solid bitumen porosity development and molecular composition are linked, and these parameters are related to the textural relationships of the organic matter within the whole rock. These results are discussed with perspective towards understanding how rock fabric and texture can influence organic matter evolution during thermal maturation of organic-rich marine shales and inform our broader understanding of these important energy resources.
The Loch Vale Watershed Research and Monitoring Program collects long-term datasets of ecological and biogeochemical parameters in Rocky Mountain National Park to support both (1) management of this protected area and (2) research into watershed-scale ecosystem processes as those processes respond to atmospheric deposition and climate variability. The program collects data on precipitation depth and atmospheric deposition chemistry—as well as surface water biogeochemistry—within the watershed and in other areas of the park. These data are used by resource managers, scientists, policy makers, and students, so it is important that all collected data meet high quality standards. This report presents an evaluation of data quality for precipitation, atmospheric ammonia, and surface water quality samples collected from 2010 to 2019. This report also presents changes made to the monitoring and laboratory equipment used during the study period and describes new data streams added to the project, including atmospheric ammonia, surface water chlorophyll-a, and dissolved oxygen in two lakes: The Loch and Sky Pond.
Quality-assurance procedures looked at the accuracy and precision of measurements made over the study period and found that precipitation and surface water chemistry data were 99 percent accurate and precise. Records that failed to meet quality standards were removed from published databases. From 2010 to 2014, a colocated precipitation gauge and deposition collector were installed on site as quality checks. From 2014 to 2018, power loss at the site resulted in significant loss of precipitation data records during the snow seasons. Those problems were addressed by installing new solar-power equipment in 2019. Measurements of deposition chemistry, atmospheric ammonia deposition, and surface water biogeochemistry were all sufficiently complete and consistent to support project data needs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm1D9","usgsCitation":"Weinmann, T., Baron, J.S., and Jayo, A., 2022, Quality assurance report for Loch Vale Watershed, 2010–19: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1–D9, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1D9.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p.; Data Release; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127394","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406494,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d9/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":406495,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d9/tm1d9.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.82 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"T and M 1-D9"},{"id":406498,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92ULNAG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Climatological data for the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, water years 1992–2019"},{"id":406738,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d9/images"},{"id":406739,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/01/d9/tm1d9.xml"},{"id":406741,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://nadp.slh.wisc.edu/","text":"National Atmospheric Deposition Program [NADP], 2021, National Atmospheric Deposition Program web page—","linkHelpText":"accessed August 17, 2021"},{"id":406742,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://www2.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/lvws/index.html","text":"National Resource Ecology Lab [NREL], 2011, Loch Vale Watershed—Long-term Ecological Research and Monitoring Program: National Resource Ecology Laboratory web page—","linkHelpText":"accessed April 15, 2021"},{"id":406744,"rank":9,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the Nation—","linkHelpText":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database, accessed July 28, 2021"},{"id":406743,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://co.water.usgs.gov/lochvale/","text":"Water, Energy, and Biochemical Budgets (WEBB)—Loch Vale Watershed: Colorado Water Science Center web page—","linkHelpText":"accessed July 13, 2021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.292724609375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -105.01281738281249,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -105.01281738281249,\n 40.56806745430726\n ],\n [\n -106.292724609375,\n 40.56806745430726\n ],\n [\n -106.292724609375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118