This report contains papers presented at the seventh Technical Meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Toxic Substances Hydrology (Toxics) Program. The meeting was held March 8-12, 1999, in Charleston, South Carolina. Toxics Program Technical Meetings are held periodically to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of results of recent research activities.
The objectives of these meetings are to:
The Proceedings is published in three volumes. Volume 1 contains papers that report on results of research on contamination from hard-rock mining. Results include research on contamination from hard rock mining in arid southwest alluvial basins, research on hard rock mining in mountainous terrain, and progress from the USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative. This Initiative is designed to develop a watershed-based approach to characterize and remediate contamination from abandoned mine lands and transfer technologies to Federal land management agencies and stakeholders.
Volume 2 contains papers on contamination of hydrologic systems and related ecosystems. The papers discuss research on the response of estuarine ecosystems to contamination from human activities. They include research on San Francisco Bay; mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems; and investigation of the occurrence, distribution, and fate of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River Basin. This volume also contains results on development and reconnaissance testing of new methods to detect emerging contaminants in environmental samples.
Volume 3 contains papers on subsurface contamination from point sources. The papers discuss research on: hydrocarbons and fuel oxygenates at gasoline release sites; ground-water contamination by crude oil; complex contaminant mixtures from treated wastewater discharges; waste disposal and subsurface transport of contaminants in arid environments; ground water and surface water affected by municipal landfill leachate; natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents; and characterizing flow and transport in fractured rock aquifers.
In all, the more than 175 papers contained in this proceedings reflect the contributions of more than 350 scientists who are co-authors. These scientists are from across the USGS, as well as from universities, other Federal and State agencies, and industry.
The Sequim-Dungeness area covers\n116 square miles (mi2) on the northern part of the\nOlympic Peninsula in northwestern Washington.\nThe central part of this area (74 mi2) was designated\nas a primary study area. During the past two\ndecades, the population has rapidly increased, land\nuse has changed from mostly agricultural to residential,\nand salmon populations in the Dungeness River\nhave appreciably declined. The increasing competition\nfor water combined with a close relation\nbetween ground water, the Dungeness River, and an\nextensive irrigation system has created a need for a\nbetter understanding of ground water and the relation\nbetween ground water and surface water in the study\narea.
\nThe Sequim-Dungeness area is underlain\nby as much as 2,000 feet of unconsolidated\nQuaternary deposits that are mostly of glacial origin.\nInterpretation of 10 hydrogeologic cross sections\nand lithologic logs of about 600 wells led to the\ndelineation of three aquifers, two confining beds, and\na lower unit of undifferentiated deposits. A bedrock\nunit at the bottom is considered the base of the\nground-water system.
\nGround water in the study area is recharged\nfrom infiltration and percolation of precipitaton, percolation\nof unconsumed irrigation water, leakage\nfrom irrigation ditches, subsurface inflow through\nthe southern study-area boundary, and leakage from\nstreams. Average annual recharge for the study\nperiod (December 1995 to September 1997) was\nestimated to be 17.7 inches (in.) ( 151 cubic feet per\nsecond (ft3/s)). The distribution of recharge was\n8.6 in. (74 ft3fs) from precipitation, 2.7 in. (23 ft3/s)\nfrom subsurface inflow, 3.1 in. (26 ft3/s) from irrigation,\nand 3.3 in. (28 ft3/s) from leakage from the\nDungeness River. The 8.6 in. of recharge from precipitation\nis much higher than would be expected in\nan average year because average annual precipitation\nduring the study period was about 28 in., which\nis 1.35 times higher than long-term average annual precipitation.\nThe long-term average annual\nrecharge from precipitation was estimated to be\n5.4 in. (48 ft3/s).
\nGround water discharges as subsurface flow\nto saltwater bodies, flow to streams, flow to springs,\nand as withdrawals from wells. Subsurface flow to\nsaltwater bodies and flow to springs were not estimated\nin this study. Estimated average annual discharge\nwas 3.2 inches (in.) (27 ft3/s)) to the\nDungeness River and 4.6 in. (39 ft3/s) to other\nstreams in the study area. Gross withdrawals from\nwells in 1996 were estimated to be 1.0 in. (8.4 ft3/s).
\nThere was a small but statistically significant\nincrease in nitrate concentrations in ground water\nfrom 1980 to 1996. Median concentrations in the\nprimary study area were 0.37 milligrams per liter\n(mg/L) in 1980 and 0.46 mg/L in 1996. The areal\npattern of elevated nitrate concentrations has not\nchanged appreciably during the past 15 years. Elevated\nconcentrations were found in a large area east\nof the Dungeness River and at scattered locations\nwest of the Dungeness River.
\nAbout 543,200 pounds of nitrogen are estimated\nto enter the ground-water system in the primary\nstudy area each year. Four sources account for\nabout 85 percent of the nitrogen; residential fertilizers,\nseptic systems, mineralization of soil organic\nmatter, and agricultural fertilizers .. It appears that the\nfour major sources are approximately equivalent in\namounts of nitrogen.
\nConcentrations of nitrate in the shallow aquifer\nwere significantly higher under residential areas\nthan under natural grasslands or forests. Median\nnitrate concentrations were 1.3 mg/L under residential\nareas, 0.55 mg/L under agricultural areas, and\n0.12 mg/L under natural grasslands or forests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tacoma, WA","doi":"10.3133/wri994048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clallam County Department of Community Development and Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., Goodman, L.A., and Olsen, T.D., 1999, Hydrogeologic assessment of the Sequim-Dungeness area, Clallam County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4048, vi, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994048.","productDescription":"vi, 165 p.","numberOfPages":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286650,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400737,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18914.htm"},{"id":286649,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4048/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Clallam County","otherGeospatial":"Sequim-Dungeness Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.375,48.0 ], [ -123.375,48.125 ], [ -123.0,48.125 ], [ -123.0,48.0 ], [ -123.375,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628cca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Blakemore E.","contributorId":93871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Blakemore","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goodman, Layna A.","contributorId":14462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"Layna","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30480,"text":"wri994003 - 1999 - Probability analysis of the relation of salinity to freshwater discharge in the St. Sebastian River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri994003","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4003","title":"Probability analysis of the relation of salinity to freshwater discharge in the St. Sebastian River, Florida","docAbstract":"The St. Sebastian River lies in the southern part of the Indian River basin on the east coast of Florida. Increases in freshwater discharge due to urbanization and changes in land use have reduced salinity in the St. Sebastian River and, consequently, salinity in the Indian River, affecting the commercial fishing industry. Wind, water temperature, tidal flux, freshwater discharge, and downstream salinity all affect salinity in the St. Sebastian River estuary, but freshwater discharge is the only one of these hydrologic factors which might be affected by water-management practices. A probability analysis of salinity conditions in the St. Sebastian River estuary, taking into account the effects of freshwater discharge over a period from May 1992 to March 1996, was used to determine the likelihood (probability) that salinities, as represented by daily mean specific- conductance values, will fall below a given threshold. The effects of freshwater discharge on salinities were evaluated with a simple volumetric model fitted to time series of measured specific conductance, by using nonlinear optimization techniques. Specific-conductance values for two depths at monitored sites represent stratified flow which results from differences in salt concentration between freshwater and saltwater. Layering of freshwater and saltwater is assumed, and the model is applied independently to each layer with the assumption that the water within the layer is well mixed. The model of specific conductance as a function of discharge (a salinity response model) was combined with a model of residual variation to produce a total probability model. Flow distributions and model residuals were integrated to produce a salinity distribution and determine differences in salinity probabilities as a result of changes in water-management practices. Two possible management alternatives were analyzed: stormwater detention (reducing the peak rate of discharge but not reducing the overall flow volume) and stormwater retention (reducing peak discharges without later release). Detention of freshwater discharges increased the probability of specific- conductance values falling below a given limit (20,000 microsiemens per centimeter) for all sites but one. The retention of freshwater input to the system decreased the likelihood of falling below a selected limit of specific conductance at all sites. For limits of specific conductance (1,000 microsiemens per centimeter or 20,000 microsiemens per centimeter, depending on the site), the predicted days of occurrence below a limit decreased ranging from 17 to 68 percent of the predicted days of occurrence for unregulated flow. The primary finding to be drawn from the discharge-salinity analysis is that an empirical-response model alone does not provide adequate information to assess the response of the system to changes in flow regime. Whether a given level of discharge can produce a given response on a given day is not as important as the probability of that response on a given day and over a period of many days. A deterministic model of the St. Sebastian River estuary based only on discharge would predict that retention of discharge peaks should increase the average salinity conditions in the St. Sebastian River estuary. The probabilistic model produces a very different response indicating that salinity can decrease by a power of three as discharges increase, and that random factors can predominate and control salinity until discharges increase sufficiently to flush the entire system of saltwater. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994003","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., and Gain, W., 1999, Probability analysis of the relation of salinity to freshwater discharge in the St. Sebastian River, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4003, iv, 38 p. :ill., maps, charts ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994003.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p. :ill., maps, charts ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994003","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db6518c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, S.M.","contributorId":74420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gain, W. S.","contributorId":29024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26706,"text":"wri984151 - 1999 - Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-31T09:25:01","indexId":"wri984151","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4151","title":"Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97","docAbstract":"Increased traffic along mountainous stretches of Interstate Highway 70, U.S. Highway 40, and U.S. Highway 6 in Colorado has resulted in a corresponding increase in the movement of hazardous materials. The proximity of Clear Creek and its tributaries to these highways places downstream water users at risk in the event of an accidental hazardous-material release. A traveltime study was performed on two reaches of Clear Creek and two of its tributaries to provide the necessary information to allow downstream water managers to protect water supplies in the event of a hazardous-material release. The information also can be used by hazardous-materialresponse teams to intercept contaminants as they move downstream. This report summarizes the methods and findings of the traveltime study.
Traveltime measurements were made using rhodamine-WT dye as a tracer in two reaches of Clear Creek and two Clear Creek tributaries in Clear Creek and Jefferson Counties, Colorado. The reaches were Clear Creek from the town of Berthoud Falls to the city limits of Golden; Clear Creek from the eastern edge of the Loveland Basin Ski Area parking lot to the town of Georgetown; the headwaters of two Clear Creek tributaries near Loveland Pass to the Loveland Valley Ski Area; and two unnamed tributaries of Hoop Creek (a tributary of Clear Creek) near Berthoud Pass to the confluence with the West Fork of Clear Creek. Measurements were made at three times of the year to obtain data from different flow conditions.
Traveltime and average velocities were determined for each stream reach. During high flow, dye-cloud leading-edge traveltimes ranged from about 0.6 hour along the Loveland Pass to the Loveland Valley Ski Area drainage to about 8.8 hours between Berthoud Falls and Golden. During low flow, leading-edge traveltimes ranged from about 2.6 hours along the same drainage from Loveland Pass to about 28.6 hours between Berthoud Falls and Golden. Average velocity between the Loveland Pass sites ranged from about 1.3 miles per hour during high flow to about 0.3 mile per hour during low flow. Average velocities between Berthoud Falls and Golden ranged from about 4.4 miles per hour during high flow to about 1.3 miles per hour during low flow.
A curve-fitting program was used to fit Lorentz and Gaussian distributions to the data generated from the traveltime measurements. Because discrete (not continuous) traveltime measurements were made, an estimate of the actual time of the leading edge, peak, and trailing edge needed to be determined from the sample data. The curve-fitting program provided the means to calculate the timing of events (leading edge, peak, and trailing edge) that were not precisely measured. Calculated leading-edge, peak, and trailing-edge times were used to generate a series of graphs for each study reach.
Traveltime estimation tables were generated from the data for a range of Clear Creek discharges. Because of the high variability of discharge within the basin, the Lawson surface-water gage located near the center of the basin was used as the reference location. Discharge measurements for the Lawson gage are available on the Internet, which can be accessed by most hazardous-material-team dispatchers. Traveltimes determined during the individual studies were plotted against the corresponding discharge at the reference location. A curve-fitting program was used to generate a series of curves, which were used to produce traveltime estimation tables.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984151","usgsCitation":"Cuffin, S.M., 1999, Traveltimes along Clear Creek and selected tributaries upstream from Golden, Colorado, 1996-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4151, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984151.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359008,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4151/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Golden","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -105.23,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -105.23,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.875\n ],\n [\n -105.8833,\n 39.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db62699e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuffin, Sally M.","contributorId":93945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuffin","given":"Sally","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25437,"text":"wri994019 - 1999 - Detailed study of selenium in glacial-lake deposits, wetlands, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the southern Freezeout Lake area, west-central Montana, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"wri994019","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4019","title":"Detailed study of selenium in glacial-lake deposits, wetlands, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the southern Freezeout Lake area, west-central Montana, 1994-95","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994019","usgsCitation":"Kendy, E., Nimick, D., and Malloy, J., 1999, Detailed study of selenium in glacial-lake deposits, wetlands, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the southern Freezeout Lake area, west-central Montana, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4019, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994019.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95528,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4019/report.pdf","size":"7537","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667b7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendy, Eloise","contributorId":63841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendy","given":"Eloise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malloy, J.C.","contributorId":76783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malloy","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32328,"text":"ofr99548 - 1999 - Digital Map of Surficial Geology, Wetlands, and Deepwater Habitats, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:09","indexId":"ofr99548","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-548","title":"Digital Map of Surficial Geology, Wetlands, and Deepwater Habitats, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho","docAbstract":"The Coeur d'Alene (CdA) River channel and its floodplain in north Idaho are mostly covered by metal-enriched sediments, partially derived from upstream mining, milling and smelting wastes. Relative to uncontaminated sediments of the region, metal-enriched sediments are highly enriched in silver, lead, zinc, arsenic, antimony and mercury, copper, cadmium, manganese, and iron. Widespread distribution of metal-enriched sediments has resulted from over a century of mining in the CdA mining district (upstream), poor mine-waste containment practices during the first 80 years of mining, and an ongoing series of over-bank floods. Previously deposited metal-enriched sediments continue to be eroded and transported down-valley and onto the floodplain during floods.\r\n\r\nThe centerpiece of this report is a Digital Map Surficial Geology, Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the Coeur d'Alene (CdA) River valley (sheets 1 and 2). The map covers the river, its floodplain, and adjacent hills, from the confluence of the North and South Forks of the CdA River to its mouth and delta front on CdA Lake, 43 linear km (26 mi) to the southwest (river distance 58 km or 36 mi). Also included are the following derivative theme maps: 1. Wetland System Map; 2. Wetland Class Map; 3. Wetland Subclass Map; 4. Floodplain Map; 5. Water Regime Map; 6. Sediment-Type Map; 7. Redox Map; 8. pH Map; and 9. Agricultural Land Map.\r\n\r\nThe CdA River is braided and has a cobble-gravel bottom from the confluence to Cataldo Flats, 8 linear km (5 mi) down-valley. Erosional remnants of up to four alluvial terraces are present locally, and all are within the floodplain, as defined by the area flooded in February of 1996. High-water (overflow) channels and partly filled channel scars braid across some alluvial terraces, toward down-valley marshes and (or) oxbow ponds, which drain back to the river.\r\n\r\nNear Cataldo Flats, the river gradient flattens, and the river coalesces into a single channel with a large friction-dominated central sand bar at Cataldo Landing. Metal-enriched sediments that were dredged from the central sand bar were deposited on Cataldo Flats, to form extensive dredge-spoil deposits. From the central sand bar to CdA Lake, thick deposits of metal-enriched sand partially fill the middle of the pre-mining-era channel along straight reaches, and form point-bars along the inside margins of meander bends. Metal-enriched sand and silt form oxidized bank-wedge deposits along riverside margins of pre-mining-era levees of gray silty mud. Metal-enriched levee sand deposits extend across bank wedges and natural levees, generally thinning and fining away from the river, toward lateral marshes and lakes, where dark gray metal-enriched silt and mud overlie silty peat, deposited before the mining era. Distributary streams and man-made canals locally diverge from the river, connecting it to lateral marshes and lakes, and metal-enriched sand splays locally fan out across the floodplain. At the mouth of the river, a bouyancy-dominated river-mouth bar crests beyond the ends of the emergent levees. Thick delta-front deposits of metal-enriched sand slope from the river-mouth bar to the bottom of CdA Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99548","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coeur d'Alene Tribe","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Box, S.E., Jackson, B.L., Brandt, T.R., Derkey, P., and Munts, S.R., 1999, Digital Map of Surficial Geology, Wetlands, and Deepwater Habitats, Coeur d'Alene River Valley, Idaho (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-548, Report: 121 p.; 11 Plates; Data Files; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99548.","productDescription":"Report: 121 p.; 11 Plates; Data Files; Metadata","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":658,"text":"Western Mineral Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110071,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25863.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25863"},{"id":161086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-548/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.86749999999999,47.3675 ], [ -116.86749999999999,47.6175 ], [ -116.25,47.6175 ], [ -116.25,47.3675 ], [ -116.86749999999999,47.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Berne L.","contributorId":80719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Berne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Derkey, Pamela D.","contributorId":69590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derkey","given":"Pamela D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Munts, Steven R.","contributorId":40251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munts","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":32329,"text":"ofr99593 - 1999 - National assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: Preliminary results for the U.S. Atlantic Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T17:26:07.908885","indexId":"ofr99593","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-593","title":"National assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: Preliminary results for the U.S. Atlantic Coast","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99593","usgsCitation":"Thieler, E.R., and Hammar-Klose, E.S., 1999, National assessment of coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: Preliminary results for the U.S. Atlantic Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-593, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99593.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":391766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25677.htm"},{"id":3322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/openfile/of99-593","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.5,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -66.933,\n 25\n ],\n [\n -66.933,\n 45.167\n ],\n [\n -81.5,\n 45.167\n ],\n [\n -81.5,\n 25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammar-Klose, Erika S.","contributorId":77137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammar-Klose","given":"Erika","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28889,"text":"wri994122 - 1999 - Lake-level frequency analysis for the Waubay Lakes Chain, northeastern South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-13T21:23:06.961068","indexId":"wri994122","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4122","title":"Lake-level frequency analysis for the Waubay Lakes Chain, northeastern South Dakota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994122","usgsCitation":"Niehus, C.A., Vecchia, A.V., and Thompson, R.F., 1999, Lake-level frequency analysis for the Waubay Lakes Chain, northeastern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4122, Report: vii, 166 p.; 2 Plates: 22.00 x 25.60 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994122.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 166 p.; 2 Plates: 22.00 x 25.60 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415741,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22654.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57763,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4122/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57762,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4122/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4122/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Waubay Lakes Chain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.533,\n 45.533\n ],\n [\n -97.533,\n 45.175\n ],\n [\n -97.233,\n 45.175\n ],\n [\n -97.233,\n 45.533\n ],\n [\n -97.533,\n 45.533\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4263","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niehus, C. A.","contributorId":94697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niehus","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, R. F.","contributorId":67115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28407,"text":"wri994007 - 1999 - Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri994007","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4007","title":"Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality","docAbstract":"Historical information on phosphorus loadings to the environment and the effect on water quality are summarized in this report, which was produced as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Phosphorus is a water-quality constituent of concern because it is often the limiting nutrient responsible for accelerated eutrophication in water bodies. Phosphorus inputs to the environment have increased since 1950 as the use of phosphate fertilizer, manure, and phosphate laundry detergent increased; however, the manufacture of phosphate detergent for household laundry was ended voluntarily in about 1994 after many States had established phosphate detergent bans. Total phosphorus concentrations in raw wastewater effluent contained about 3 milligrams per liter of total phosphorus during the 1940's, increased to about 11 milligrams per liter at the height of phosphate detergent use (1970), and have currently declined to about 5 milligrams per liter. However, in some cases, tertiary wastewater treatment still is needed to effectively improve water quality of streams. Downward trends in phosphorus concentrations since 1970 have been identified in many streams, but median total phosphorus concentrations still exceed the recommended limit of 0.1 milligram per liter across much of the Nation. Data from the NAWQA Program are representative of a variety of phosphorus-control measures, and, therefore, may be used to evaluate the effects of various control strategies. Current areas of concern include: evaluation of the effects of increased manure loadings of phosphorus on soil phosphorus and, subsequently, on ground water and subsurface runoff; determination of point-source and nonpoint-source components of phosphorus loads by geographic modeling and hydrologic separation techniques; and development of methods or indices to evaluate nutrient impairment in streams and rivers to serve as a basis for developing phosphorus criteria or standards. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994007","usgsCitation":"Litke, D.W., 1999, Review of Phosphorus Control Measures in the United States and Their Effects on Water Quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4007, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994007.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11991,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994007/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litke, David W.","contributorId":19145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25765,"text":"wri984041 - 1999 - Simulated effects of climate change on the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri984041","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4041","title":"Simulated effects of climate change on the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984041","usgsCitation":"D’Agnese, F.A., O’Brien, G.M., Faunt, C., and San Juan, C.A., 1999, Simulated effects of climate change on the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4041, iv, 40 p. :maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984041.","productDescription":"iv, 40 p. :maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95559,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4041/report.pdf","size":"12720","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4041/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Brien, G. M.","contributorId":31407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"San Juan, C. A. 0000-0002-9151-1919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-1919","contributorId":42619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"San Juan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":25748,"text":"wri994034 - 1999 - Relation of fish community composition to environmental and land use factors in part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1995-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-15T22:52:26.938889","indexId":"wri994034","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4034","title":"Relation of fish community composition to environmental and land use factors in part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1995-97","docAbstract":"Fish communities in the Upper Mississippi River Basin have been affected by changing environmental and land-use factors. Fish communities in small streams in agricultural and urban basins were compared to the fish community in a relatively undisturbed forested basin. In small streams, nutrient inputs from fertilizer, habitat modification from channelization, hydrologic modification from dams and tile drains, and increased water temperatures from loss of riparian shading have contributed to producing a change in fish community composition. In the large rivers, some of the changes that have occurred from sites upstream to downstream of the Twin Cities metropolitan area are primarily caused by the environmental effects of dams constructed as part of the lock and dam commercial navigation system. Although some of the differences upstream and downstream of the Twin Cities metropolitan area are due to zoogeographic variability, the major changes in the downstream community are shifts to more lentic species, species with higher thermal tolerance, and more planktivorous species. These changes are an extension of the changes observed in the small streams due to increased nutrients, increased water temperatures, and habitat alteration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994034","usgsCitation":"Goldstein, R.M., Lee, K.E., Talmage, P., Stauffer, J.C., and Anderson, J.P., 1999, Relation of fish community composition to environmental and land use factors in part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, 1995-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4034, vi, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994034.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391713,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18928.htm"},{"id":156173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95558,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.33,\n 43.2330\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 47.55\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 47.55\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 43.2330\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 43.2330\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldstein, R. M.","contributorId":98305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, K. E.","contributorId":100014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Talmage, P. J.","contributorId":20356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talmage","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, J. C.","contributorId":25597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, J. P.","contributorId":47402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":25505,"text":"wri994020 - 1999 - Factors controlling elevated lead concentrations in water samples from aquifer systems in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-27T06:26:12","indexId":"wri994020","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4020","title":"Factors controlling elevated lead concentrations in water samples from aquifer systems in Florida","docAbstract":"Concentrations of total lead (Pb) and dissolved Pb exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency action level of 15 micrograms per liter (mg/L) in approximately 19 percent and 1.3 percent, respectively, of ground-water samples collected during 1991-96 from a statewide network of monitoring wells designed to delineate background water quality of Florida's major aquifer systems. Differences in total Pb concentrations among aquifer systems reflect the combined influence of anthropogenic sources and chemical conditions in each system. A highly significant (p<0.001) difference in median total Pb concentrations was found for water samples from wells with water-level recording devices that contain Pb-counterweights (14 mg/L) compared to non-recorder wells (2 mg/L). Differences between total Pb concentrations for recorder and non-recorder wells are even more pronounced when compared for each aquifer system. The largest differences for recorder status are found for the surficial aquifer system, where median total Pb concentrations are 44 and 2.4 mg/L for recorder wells and non-recorder wells, respectively. Leaching of Pb from metal casing materials is another potential source of Pb in ground water samples. Median total Pb concentrations in water samples from the surficial, intermediate, and Floridan aquifer systems are higher from recorder wells cased with black iron than for recorder wells with steel and PVC casing material. Stable isotopes of Pb were used in this study to distinguish between anthropogenic and natural sources of Pb in ground water, as Pb retains the isotopic signature of the source from which it is derived. Based on similarities between slopes and intercepts of trend lines for various sample types (plots of 206Pb/204Pb versus 208Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb versus 208Pb/204Pb) the predominant source of total Pb in water samples from the surficial aquifer system is corrosion of Pb counterweights. It is likely that only ground-water samples, not the aquifer, were contaminated with elevated Pb concentations. Pb-isotopic ratios of water from the Floridan aquifer system plot between trend lines connecting the isotopic composition of Pb counterweights and the composition of acid leachates of material from the Floridan aquifer system, indicating that Pb in these waters most likely is a mixture of Pb derived from aquifer material and corrosion of Pb counterweights. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994020","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Bullen, M., Bullen, T., and Hansard, P., 1999, Factors controlling elevated lead concentrations in water samples from aquifer systems in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4020, iv, 22 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994020.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f8604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, M.P.","contributorId":21188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansard, Paul","contributorId":13271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansard","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27274,"text":"wri994005 - 1999 - Ground-water quality in alluvial basins that have minimal urban development, south-central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri994005","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4005","title":"Ground-water quality in alluvial basins that have minimal urban development, south-central Arizona","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality data (1917-96) from 772 wells in 16 alluvial basins that have minimal urban development were used to determine the effect of nonurban factors on ground-water quality in south- central Arizona. Characterization of the spatial variability of ground-water quality within and among alluvial basins that have minimal urban development will provide a baseline to which water- quality problems associated with urbanization can be compared. Four water-type categories--calcium carbonate, calcium mixed anion, sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride--were used to classify the 13 alluvial basins for which adequate data were available. Ground-water quality was compared to U.S. Environmental Protaection Agency maximum contaminant levels for drinking water, depth of well, and depth to top of perforated interval for five alluvial basins that represented the four water-type categories. Exceedances of maximum contaminant levels for fluoride and nitrate occurred in three and four basins, respectively, of the five selected basins. Specific-conductance values for ground water in the five selected basins tend to increase in a northwesterly direction toward the central part of Arizona as the extent of evaporite deposits increases. The results of this study, which are part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, can be used to determine the effects of urban land-use activities on ground-water quality in similar hydrogeologic conditions and may be the best indicator available for nonurban ground-water quality in the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994005","usgsCitation":"Gellenbeck, D., and Coes, A.L., 1999, Ground-water quality in alluvial basins that have minimal urban development, south-central Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4005, vi, 27 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994005.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4005/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56156,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellenbeck, Dorinda J.","contributorId":13228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellenbeck","given":"Dorinda J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coes, Alissa L. 0000-0001-6682-5417 alcoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5417","contributorId":4231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coes","given":"Alissa","email":"alcoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38125,"text":"ofr99592 - 1999 - Archive of Boomer and Sparker subbottom data collected during USGS cruise MCAR 98008 (M3-98-WO), Washington Shelf, 24 June-5 July, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:52","indexId":"ofr99592","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-592","title":"Archive of Boomer and Sparker subbottom data collected during USGS cruise MCAR 98008 (M3-98-WO), Washington Shelf, 24 June-5 July, 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99592","issn":"0566-8174","isbn":"0607951109","usgsCitation":"Foster, D., McCrory, P., Danforth, W.W., and O’Brien, T., 1999, Archive of Boomer and Sparker subbottom data collected during USGS cruise MCAR 98008 (M3-98-WO), Washington Shelf, 24 June-5 July, 1998 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-592, 3 computer optical discs ;4 3/4 in. ea., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99592.","productDescription":"3 computer optical discs ;4 3/4 in. ea.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCrory, P. A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28171,"text":"wri994004 - 1999 - Laboratory study of the response of select insecticides to toxicity identification evaluation procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri994004","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4004","title":"Laboratory study of the response of select insecticides to toxicity identification evaluation procedures","docAbstract":"A laboratory study was used to evaluate the response of select insecticides to toxicity identification evaluation procedures. Fourteen insecticides, one degradation product, and one synergist were spiked into organic-grade water and carried through toxicity identification evaluation procedures. Concentrations of each compound were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.\r\nDuring Phase I, the water sample was pumped through a C-8 solid-phase extraction cartridge and then eluted with methanol. Dimethoate was not removed by the extraction, but remained in the rinsate. In contrast, permethrin was removed by the extraction, but was not recovered by the methanol elution, and 80 percent of the permethrin remained on the cartridge, teflon tubing, and glassware. Chlorpyrifos also was not recovered completely with the methanol elution (only 62 percent was recovered). The other insecticides were extracted by C-8 solid-phase extraction cartridge and recovered by elution with methanol (80 percent or greater).\r\nDuring Phase II, a new spiked water sample was extracted by C-8 solid-phase extraction cartridge and then eluted with varying concentrations of methanol and water into different fractions. Each methanol:water fraction was analyzed for the added compounds. Most of the insecticides eluted in two fractions, with concentrations of 10 percent or greater. The largest number of insecticides eluted in the 75 percent methanol:water fraction.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994004","usgsCitation":"Kuivila, K., and Crepeau, K.L., 1999, Laboratory study of the response of select insecticides to toxicity identification evaluation procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4004, iii, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994004.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4004/report.pdf","size":"1406","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4004/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b43fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27461,"text":"wri994137 - 1999 - Hydrologic assessment of the Upper Dorr Run Watershed, Hocking County, Ohio, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri994137","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4137","title":"Hydrologic assessment of the Upper Dorr Run Watershed, Hocking County, Ohio, 1998","docAbstract":"The Upper Dorr Run Watershed in Hocking County, Ohio, has been mined several times for coal and clay since 1913 and is a significant source of acid mine drainage to the Hocking River. To assess the surface-water hydrology of the site, a topographic map showing the location of springs and other hydrologic features of interest was prepared using aerial photography and field surveying and mapping techniques. Discharge and water-quality measurements at six springs and one stream site were made during field investigations in June 1998.\r\n\r\nDischarge and water quality observed at a downstream weir on Upper Dorr Run represents the combined discharge from springs plus ground-water inflow. Discharges from springs to surface water were generally small (less than 0.3 cubic foot per second), but one spring constituted 56 percent of the total discharge measured at the downstream weir. The total flow at an intermediate measurement site was less than the combined discharge of the upgradient springs because of evaporation, transpiration, and ground-water flow beneath the stream channel. The total flow at the weir was greater than the combined discharge of all springs, primarily because two potential sources of water were not included in field measurements.\r\n\r\nThe water quality in Upper Dorr Run is strongly affected by acid mine drainage as indicated by pH less than 4, elevated acidity, and elevated concentrations of dissolved sulfate and dissolved iron. Concentrations of chemical constituents in the water were lower at the downstream weir than at the source springs because of residence times in ponds and chemical interactions between the water and the atmosphere. Acidity loads during the sampling period were significantly higher from the Lower Kittanning (No. 5) coal (272 kilograms per day) than from the Upper Kittanning (No. 6) coal (17.7 kilograms per day). Comparison of data obtained in 1998 to data obtained in 1982 showed that quality of water of selected sampling sites had not changed appreciably in 16 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994137","usgsCitation":"Haefner, R., 1999, Hydrologic assessment of the Upper Dorr Run Watershed, Hocking County, Ohio, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4137, iv, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994137.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95635,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4137/report.pdf","size":"2381","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95636,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4137/plate-1.pdf","size":"3854","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4137/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haefner, R.J.","contributorId":72393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27940,"text":"wri994035 - 1999 - Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri994035","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4035","title":"Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1998","docAbstract":"During the spring of 1998, water levels were measured in 656 wells completed in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas. Water samples were collected during the summer of 1998 from about 140 wells completed in the alluvial aquifer and measured for specific conductance, and samples from 119 wells were analyzed for dissolved chloride concentrations.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the alluvial aquifer is generally to the south and east except where water levels are affected by ground-water withdrawals. A large depression in the potentiometric surface is located in Arkansas, Lonoke, and Prairie Counties. Shallower depressions are located in Poinsett, Lee, St. Francis, and Woodruff Counties. Potentiometric depressions in the alluvial aquifer generally are a result of long-term pumping and probably are affected by variations in aquifer characteristics. Water-level data from 22 wells with 26 or more years of record indicate long-term water levels in the alluvial aquifer declined an average of about 0.38 foot per year.\r\nSpecific conductance measurements made on water samples collected during the study ranged from 199 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at a well in Drew County to 3,800 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at a well in Chicot County. Dissolved chloride concentrations ranged from 2.1 milligrams per liter at a well in Mississippi and St. Francis Counties to 820 milligrams per liter at a well in Chicot County. The high chloride concentrations occurred in the same area of Chicot County as the high specific conductance.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994035","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., 1999, Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4035, iii, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994035.","productDescription":"iii, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95682,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4035/report.pdf","size":"4088","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95683,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4035/plate-1.pdf","size":"900","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95684,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4035/plate-2.pdf","size":"707","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28138,"text":"wri994049 - 1999 - Water, ice, meteorological, and speed measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1998 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri994049","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4049","title":"Water, ice, meteorological, and speed measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1998 balance year","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994049","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1999, Water, ice, meteorological, and speed measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1998 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4049, v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994049.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95701,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4049/report.pdf","size":"5832","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4049/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21602,"text":"ofr99591 - 1999 - Archive of Chirp subbottom data; collected during USGS Cruise MCAR 98008 (M3-98-WO) Washington Shelf, 24 June-5 July, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:48","indexId":"ofr99591","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-591","title":"Archive of Chirp subbottom data; collected during USGS Cruise MCAR 98008 (M3-98-WO) Washington Shelf, 24 June-5 July, 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99591","issn":"0566-8174","isbn":"0607951095","usgsCitation":"Foster, D., McCrory, P., Danforth, W.W., and O’Brien, T., 1999, Archive of Chirp subbottom data; collected during USGS Cruise MCAR 98008 (M3-98-WO) Washington Shelf, 24 June-5 July, 1998 (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-591, 2 computer optical discs :col. ill., col. maps ;3 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99591.","productDescription":"2 computer optical discs :col. ill., col. maps ;3 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679dc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCrory, P. A.","contributorId":96287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCrory","given":"P.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":32327,"text":"ofr99406 - 1999 - Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Arizona: 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:06:57.477575","indexId":"ofr99406","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-406","title":"Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Arizona: 1996","docAbstract":"This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Arizona as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems.\n\nThere is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the MCRS database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99406","usgsCitation":"Hyndman, P.C., and Campbell, H.W., 1999, Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Arizona: 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-406, Report: 23 p., Readme, Metadata, Additional metadata, Digital package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99406.","productDescription":"Report: 23 p., Readme, Metadata, Additional metadata, Digital package","numberOfPages":"23","temporalStart":"1996-01-01","temporalEnd":"1996-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr99406.jpg"},{"id":284965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0406/of99-406.tar.Z"},{"id":284964,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0406/CF101.TXT"},{"id":284963,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0406/AZ_CLMS.MET"},{"id":284962,"rank":6,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0406/00readme.txt"},{"id":284961,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0406/pdf/ofr99-406.pdf"},{"id":3312,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0406/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8166,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd550be4b0b290850f6189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyndman, Paul C.","contributorId":88391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyndman","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Harry W.","contributorId":67509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25415,"text":"wri994037 - 1999 - Chlorine-36 in water, snow, and mid-latitude glacial ice of North America; meteoric and weapons-tests production in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"wri994037","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4037","title":"Chlorine-36 in water, snow, and mid-latitude glacial ice of North America; meteoric and weapons-tests production in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994037","usgsCitation":"Cecil, L., Green, J., Vogt, S., Frape, S., Davis, S., Cottrell, G., and Sharma, P., 1999, Chlorine-36 in water, snow, and mid-latitude glacial ice of North America; meteoric and weapons-tests production in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4037, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994037.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95527,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4037/report.pdf","size":"2793","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e269f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, J.R.","contributorId":31146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogt, Stephan","contributorId":9119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"Stephan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frape, S.K.","contributorId":105335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frape","given":"S.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Davis, S.N.","contributorId":51918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cottrell, G.L.","contributorId":87293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cottrell","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sharma, Pankaj","contributorId":90163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharma","given":"Pankaj","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":31029,"text":"wri994133 - 1999 - Bathymetric survey and physical and chemical-related properties of Indian Creek reservoir, Louisiana, June 11-18 and September 22, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"wri994133","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4133","title":"Bathymetric survey and physical and chemical-related properties of Indian Creek reservoir, Louisiana, June 11-18 and September 22, 1997","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri994133","usgsCitation":"Ensminger, P.A., 1999, Bathymetric survey and physical and chemical-related properties of Indian Creek reservoir, Louisiana, June 11-18 and September 22, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4133, 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994133.","productDescription":"1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://la.water.usgs.gov/publications/pdfs/WRI_99-4133.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6406bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ensminger, P. A.","contributorId":10831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ensminger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30119,"text":"wri994042 - 1999 - Identification of nitrate sources contributing to ground water in the Indian Hills area of Douglas County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri994042","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4042","title":"Identification of nitrate sources contributing to ground water in the Indian Hills area of Douglas County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994042","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.M., Thodal, C.E., and Seiler, R.L., 1999, Identification of nitrate sources contributing to ground water in the Indian Hills area of Douglas County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4042, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994042.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58929,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, J. M.","contributorId":62217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thodal, C. E.","contributorId":8136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28569,"text":"wri994002 - 1999 - Water withdrawals, use, discharge, and trends in Florida, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri994002","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4002","title":"Water withdrawals, use, discharge, and trends in Florida, 1995","docAbstract":"In 1995, the total amount of water withdrawn in Florida was nearly 18,200 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), of which 60 percent was saline and 40 percent was freshwater. Ground water accounted for 60 percent of freshwater withdrawals and surface water accounted for the remaining 40 percent. Ninety-three percent of the 14.15 million people in Florida relied on ground water for their drinking water needs in 1995. Almost all (99.9 percent) saline water withdrawals were from surface water. Public supply accounted for 43 percent of ground water withdrawn in 1995, followed by agricultural self-supplied (35 percent), commercial-industrial self-supplied (including mining) (10 percent), domestic self-supplied (7 percent), recreational irrigation (4.5 percent), and power generation (0.5 percent). Agricultural self-supplied accounted for 60 percent of fresh surface water withdrawn in 1995, followed by power generation (21 percent), commercial-industrial self-supplied (9 percent), public supply (7 percent), and recreational irrigation (3 percent). Almost all of saline water withdrawn was used for power generation. The largest amount of freshwater was withdrawn in Palm Beach County and the largest amount of saline water was withdrawn in Hillsborough County. Significant withdrawals (more than 200 Mgal/d) of fresh ground water occurred in Dade, Broward, Polk, Orange, and Palm Beach Counties. Significant withdrawals (more than 200 Mgal/d) of fresh surface water occurred in Palm Beach, Hendry, and St. Lucie Counties. The South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest amount of freshwater withdrawn (nearly 50 percent). About 57 percent of the total ground water withdrawn was from the Floridan aquifer system; 20 percent was from the Biscayne aquifer. Most of the surface water used in Florida was from managed and maintained canal systems or large water bodies. Major sources of fresh surface water include the Caloosahatchee River, Deer Point Lake, Hillsborough River, Lake Apopka, Lake Okeechobee and associated canals, and the St. Johns River. Freshwater withdrawals increased nearly 29 percent in Florida between 1970 and 1995. Ground-water withdrawals increased 56 percent, and surface-water withdrawals increased 2 percent during this period. Between 1990 and 1995, freshwater withdrawals decreased 5 percent. Fresh ground-water withdrawals decreased 7 percent, and fresh surface-water withdrawals decreased 1 percent during this period. Saline water withdrawals increased 13 percent between 1970 and 1995, and increased 6 percent between 1990 and 1995. An estimated 39 percent of the freshwater withdrawn in Florida was consumed; the remaining 61 percent was returned for use again. Wastewater discharged from the 615 treatment facilities inventoried in 1995 totaled 1,836 Mgal/d, of which 84 percent was from domestic wastewater facilities and the remaining 16 percent was from industrial facilities. Domestic wastewater discharge increased 37 percent between 1985 and 1995, while industrial wastewater discharge increased 7 percent during this period. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri994002","usgsCitation":"Marella, R., 1999, Water withdrawals, use, discharge, and trends in Florida, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4002, x, 90 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 88 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994002.","productDescription":"x, 90 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 88 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2353,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri994002","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb5aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marella, R. L.","contributorId":34164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}