{"pageNumber":"3341","pageRowStart":"83500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":65742,"text":"i2615 - 1999 - Marine geologic map of the southwestern insular shelf of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez to Cabo Rojo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T21:35:53.211008","indexId":"i2615","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2615","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Marine geologic map of the southwestern insular shelf of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez to Cabo Rojo","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2615","isbn":"0607929030","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., Rodriguez, R.W., Webb, R.M., and Carlo, M.A., 1999, Marine geologic map of the southwestern insular shelf of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez to Cabo Rojo: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2615, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.67 × 57.78 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2615.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 40.67 × 57.78 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410894,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23015.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2615/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255504,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2615/plate-1-preview.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2615/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255503,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2615/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"40000","country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              17.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.125,\n              17.85\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.125,\n              18.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              18.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              17.85\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, J. S.","contributorId":68337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. W.","contributorId":61054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, R. M.","contributorId":97065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlo, M. A.","contributorId":7567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlo","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":273524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":63100,"text":"gq1804 - 1999 - Geologic map of the Allentown East quadrangle, Lehigh, Northampton, and Bucks Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-10T20:24:08.682653","indexId":"gq1804","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1804","title":"Geologic map of the Allentown East quadrangle, Lehigh, Northampton, and Bucks Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gq1804","usgsCitation":"Drake, A., 1999, Geologic map of the Allentown East quadrangle, Lehigh, Northampton, and Bucks Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1804, Report: 1 p.; Plate, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1804.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; Plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":109891,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23017.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"23017"},{"id":249226,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1804/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1804/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Bucks County, Lehigh County, Northampton County","otherGeospatial":"Allentown East quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,40.5 ], [ -75.5,40.625 ], [ -75.375,40.625 ], [ -75.375,40.5 ], [ -75.5,40.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a24aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Avery Jr.","contributorId":62582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185682,"text":"70185682 - 1999 - Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:06:56","indexId":"70185682","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1884,"text":"Health Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the summer of 1993, seawater in the Bering and Chukchi Seas was sampled on a joint Russian-American cruise [BERPAC] of the RV Okean to determine concentrations of tritium, 239Pu and 240Pu. Concentrations of tritium were determined by electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintilation counting. Tritium levels ranged up to 420 mBq L-1 showed no evidence of inputs other than those attribute atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Plutonium was recovered from water samples by ferric hydroxide precipitation, and concentrations were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. 239+240Pu concentrations ranged from &lt;1 to 5.5 [mu]Bq L-1. These concentrations are lower than those measured in water samples from other parts of the ocean during the mid-1960's to the late 1980's. The 240Pu:239Pu ratios, although associated with large uncertainties, suggest that most of the plutonium is derived from world-wide fallout. As points of comparison, the highest concentrations of tritium and plutonium observed here were about five orders of magnitude lower than the maximum permissible concentrations allowed in water released to the off-site environs from licensed nuclear facilities in the United States. This study and others sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Office of Naval Research's Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program are providing data for the assessment of potential radiological impacts in the Arctic regions associated with nuclear waste disposal by the former Soviet Union.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Health Physics Society","doi":"10.1097/00004032-199912000-00011","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., Beals, D.M., Halverson, J., Michel, R.L., and Cefus, G., 1999, Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas: Health Physics, v. 77, no. 6, p. 668-676, https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199912000-00011.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"668","endPage":"676","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beals, D. M.","contributorId":29980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beals","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halverson, J.E.","contributorId":189885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halverson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cefus, G.R.","contributorId":189886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cefus","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185680,"text":"70185680 - 1999 - Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:33:01","indexId":"70185680","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether","docAbstract":"<p><span>Asessing the environmental fate of methyl </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl ether (MTBE) has become a subject of renewed interest because of the large quantities of this compound that are being used as an oxygenated additive in gasoline. Various studies on the fate of MTBE have shown that it can be degraded to </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl formate (TBF), particularly in the atmosphere. Although it is generally recognized that TBF is subject to hydrolysis, the kinetics and products of this reaction under environmentally relevant conditions have not been described previously. In this study, we determined the kinetics of TBF hydrolysis as a function of pH and temperature. Over the pH range of 5 to 7, the neutral hydrolysis pathway predominates, with </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">N</span></sub><span> = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>/s. Outside this range, strong pH effects were observed because of acidic and basic hydrolyses, from which we determined that </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">A</span></sub><span> = (2.7 ± 0.5) × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>/(M·s) and </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">B</span></sub><span> = 1.7 ± 0.3/(M·s). Buffered and unbuffered systems gave the same hydrolysis rates for a given pH, indicating that buffer catalysis was not significant under the conditions tested. The activation energies corresponding to </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">N</span></sub><span>, </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">A</span></sub><span>, and </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">B</span></sub><span>were determined to be 78 ± 5, 59 ± 4, and 88 ±11 kJ/mol, respectively. In all experiments, </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl alcohol was found at concentrations corresponding to stoichiometric formation from TBF. Based on our kinetics data, the expected half-life for hydrolysis of TBF at pH = 2 and 4°C (as per some standard preservation protocols for water sampling) is 6 h. At neutral pH and 22°C, the estimated half-life is 5 d, and at pH = 11 and 22°C, the value is only 8 min.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181220","usgsCitation":"Church, C.D., Pankow, J.F., and Tratnyek, P.G., 1999, Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2789-2796, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181220.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2789","endPage":"2796","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Clinton D.","contributorId":8189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tratnyek, Paul G.","contributorId":189883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tratnyek","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185681,"text":"70185681 - 1999 - Estimation of methanogen biomass via quantitation of coenzyme M","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:06:19.114178","indexId":"70185681","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of methanogen biomass via quantitation of coenzyme M","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determination of the role of methanogenic bacteria in an anaerobic ecosystem often requires quantitation of the organisms. Because of the extreme oxygen sensitivity of these organisms and the inherent limitations of cultural techniques, an accurate biomass value is very difficult to obtain. We standardized a simple method for estimating methanogen biomass in a variety of environmental matrices. In this procedure we used the thiol biomarker coenzyme M (CoM) (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), which is known to be present in all methanogenic bacteria. A high-performance liquid chromatography-based method for detecting thiols in pore water (A. Vairavamurthy and M. Mopper, Anal. Chim. Acta 78:363–370, 1990) was modified in order to quantify CoM in pure cultures, sediments, and sewage water samples. The identity of the CoM derivative was verified by using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The assay was linear for CoM amounts ranging from 2 to 2,000 pmol, and the detection limit was 2 pmol of CoM/ml of sample. CoM was not adsorbed to sediments. The methanogens tested contained an average of 19.5 nmol of CoM/mg of protein and 0.39 ± 0.07 fmol of CoM/cell. Environmental samples contained an average of 0.41 ± 0.17 fmol/cell based on most-probable-number estimates. CoM was extracted by using 1% tri-(</span><i>N</i><span>)-butylphosphine in isopropanol. More than 90% of the CoM was recovered from pure cultures and environmental samples. We observed no interference from sediments in the CoM recovery process, and the method could be completed aerobically within 3 h. Freezing sediment samples resulted in 46 to 83% decreases in the amounts of detectable CoM, whereas freezing had no effect on the amounts of CoM determined in pure cultures. The method described here provides a quick and relatively simple way to estimate methanogenic biomass.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.65.12.5541-5545.1999","usgsCitation":"Elias, D.A., Krumholz, L.R., Tanner, R.S., and Suflita, J.M., 1999, Estimation of methanogen biomass via quantitation of coenzyme M: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 65, no. 12, p. 5541-5545, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.12.5541-5545.1999.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5541","endPage":"5545","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.12.5541-5545.1999","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Dwayne A.","contributorId":189299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"Dwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krumholz, Lee R.","contributorId":187679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanner, Ralph S.","contributorId":189884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanner","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23207,"text":"ofr99126 - 1999 - SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23207,"text":"ofr99126 - 1999 - SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program","indexId":"ofr99126","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":72819,"text":"ofr20051311 - 2005 - SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0","indexId":"ofr20051311","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":72819,"text":"ofr20051311 - 2005 - SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0","indexId":"ofr20051311","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"title":"SEGY to ASCII Conversion and Plotting Program 2.0"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr99126","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-126","title":"SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program","docAbstract":"This report documents a computer program to convert standard 4 byte, IBM floating point SEGY files to ASCII xyz format. The program then optionally plots the seismic data using the GMT plotting package. \r\nThe material for this publication is contained in a standard tar file (of99-126.tar) that is uncompressed and 726 K in size. It can be downloaded by any Unix machine. Move the tar file to the directory you wish to use it in, then type 'tar xvf of99-126.tar' \r\n\r\nThe archive files (and diskette) contain a NOTE file, a README file, a version-history file, source code, a makefile for easy compilation, and an ASCII version of the documentation. The archive files (and diskette) also contain example test files, including a typical SEGY file along with the resulting ASCII xyz and postscript files. \r\n\r\nRequirements for compiling the source code into an executable are a C++ compiler. The program has been successfully compiled using Gnu's g++ version 2.8.1, and use of other compilers may require modifications to the existing source code. The g++ compiler is a free, high quality C++ compiler and may be downloaded from the ftp site: ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu \r\n\r\nRequirements for plotting the seismic data is the existence of the GMT plotting package. The GMT plotting package may be downloaded from the web site: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99126","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Goldman, M.R., 1999, SEGY to ASCII: Conversion and Plotting Program (Superseded by OFR 2005-1311): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-126, 14 p.; 1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99126.","productDescription":"14 p.; 1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0126/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52521,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Superseded by OFR 2005-1311","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe0cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223964,"text":"5223964 - 1999 - Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T15:23:35.003716","indexId":"5223964","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a group of genetic loci coding for haplotypes that have been associated with fitness traits in mammals and birds. Such associations suggest that MHC diversity may be an indicator of overall genetic fitness of endangered or threatened species. The MHC haplotypes of a captive population of 12 families of northern bobwhites (</span><i>Colinus virginianus</i><span>) were identified using a combination of immunogenetic and molecular techniques. Alloantisera were produced within families of northern bobwhites and were then tested for differential agglutination of erythrocytes of all members of each family. The pattern of reactions determined from testing these alloantisera identified a single genetic system of alloantigens in the northern bobwhites, resulting in the assignment of a tentative genotype to each individual within the quail families. Restriction fragment patterns of the DNA of each bird were determined using the chicken MHC&nbsp;</span><i>B-G</i><span>&nbsp;cDNA probe&nbsp;</span><i>bg11</i><span>. The concordance between the restriction fragment patterns and the alloantisera reactions showed that the alloantisera had identified the MHC of the northern bobwhite and supported the tentative genotype assignments, identifying at least 12 northern bobwhite MHC haplotypes. Eighteen northern bobwhite alloantisera were then used to detect a minimum of 17 masked bobwhite MHC haplotypes. Subsequent restriction fragment pattern analyses using cDNA probes for chicken MHC genes were in agreement with agglutination patterns displayed by the antisera, showing that the immunogenetically identified alloantigen system constituted the MHC of the masked bobwhite. These data demonstrate that a non-endangered species may be used to provide antisera for differentiating MHC haplotypes in a closely related endangered species, thus providing a practical basis for long-range monitoring of MHC haplotypes of birds surviving in their native habitats.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<279::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-Z","usgsCitation":"Drake, B.M., Goto, R., Miller, M., Gee, G., and Briles, W., 1999, Molecular and immunogenetic analysis of major histocompatibility haplotypes in northern bobwhite enable direct identification of corresponding haplotypes in an endangered subspecies, the masked bobwhite: Zoo Biology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 279-294, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<279::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6993d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, B. M.","contributorId":18087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goto, R.M.","contributorId":13347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goto","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M.M.","contributorId":24048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Briles, W.E.","contributorId":34614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briles","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021326,"text":"70021326 - 1999 - Terrestrial predator alarm vocalizations are a valid monitor of stress in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T15:34:26.278328","indexId":"70021326","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3807,"text":"Zoo Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Terrestrial predator alarm vocalizations are a valid monitor of stress in captive brown capuchins (<i>Cebus apella</i>)","title":"Terrestrial predator alarm vocalizations are a valid monitor of stress in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella)","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>The vocal behavior of captive animals is increasingly exploited as an index of well-being. Here we show that the terrestrial predator alarm (TPA) vocalization, a robust and acoustically distinctive anti-predation vocal response present in many mammal and bird species, offers useful information on the relative well-being and stress levels of captive animals. In a 16-week experiment evaluating the effects of varying levels of physical environmental enrichment (control &lt; toys &lt; foraging box &lt; foraging box and toys) in the cages of eight singly housed adult male brown capuchins, we quantified the 1) emission rate of TPAs, 2) proportions of normal and abnormal behavior sample intervals, and 3) fecal and plasma cortisol levels. Variation in TPA emission across the experimental conditions was significant. We found significant reductions in the mean TPA production rate by the group in the enriched (toys, foraging box, and foraging box and toys) compared to the control condition; pre- and post-experimental conditions, however, did not differ from the control condition. Mean TPA production by the group was also significantly positively correlated to mean group levels of fecal cortisol and proportion of abnormal behavior sample intervals, and significantly negatively correlated to the average proportion of normal behavior sample intervals in the group. Based on group means, plasma cortisol levels were positively, but not significantly, related to increasing TPA rate. At the level of the responses of an individual subject, however, the covariation between the vocal and non-vocal behavioral measures and the cortisol assays seldom attained significance. Nevertheless, the direction of the relationships among these parameters within individual subjects typically mirrored those correlations based on group means. At both the group mean and individual levels, our results are consistent with the interpretation that in conditions of low environmental enrichment the study subjects were more stressed, and therefore more reactive to the presence of a threatening terrestrial stimulus (human observer), than when in more enriched conditions. We suggest that protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of enrichment for captive species other than brown capuchins could also profitably exploit TPAs as a first-line monitor or as corroboratory evidence of current well-being.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<295::AID-ZOO4>3.0.CO;2-5","issn":"07333188","usgsCitation":"Boinski, S., Gross, T., and Davis, J., 1999, Terrestrial predator alarm vocalizations are a valid monitor of stress in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella): Zoo Biology, v. 18, no. 4, p. 295-312, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1999)18:4<295::AID-ZOO4>3.0.CO;2-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba560e4b08c986b3209e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boinski, S.","contributorId":55986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, T. S.","contributorId":95828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"T. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.K.","contributorId":14969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70201050,"text":"70201050 - 1999 -  A weighted least-squares approach to temporal NDVI smoothing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-13T10:08:21","indexId":"70201050","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-13T15:59:39","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":" A weighted least-squares approach to temporal NDVI smoothing","docAbstract":"<p>Satellite imagery provides a unique vantage point for observing seasonal dynamics of the landscape that have implications for global change issues. An objective evaluation of surface conditions may be performed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration advanced very high resolution radiometer data. NDVI data are typically very noisy, affected by a number of phenomena including cloud contamination, atmospheric perturbations, and variable illumination and viewing geometry, each of which usually reduces the NDVI. This work describes a weighted least-squares linear regression approach to temporal NDVI smoothing to more efficiently reduce contamination in the NDVI signal. This approach uses a moving window operating on temporal NDVI to calculate a regression line. The window is moved one period at a time, resulting in a family of regression lines associated with each point; this family of lines is then averaged at each point and interpolated between points to provide a continuous temporal NDVI signal. Also, since the factors that cause contamination usually serve to reduce NDVI values, the system applies a weighting factor that favors peak points over sloping or valley points. A final operation assures that all peak NDVI values are retained. The resulting relationship between the smoothed curve and the original data is statistically based. The smoothed data may be used to improve applications involving time-series NDVI data, such as land cover classification, seasonal vegetation characterization, and vegetation monitoring</p>","conferenceTitle":"From image to information: 1999 ASPRS Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"May 17-21, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Portland Oregon","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Swets, D., Reed, B.C., Rowland, J., and Marko, S., 1999,  A weighted least-squares approach to temporal NDVI smoothing, From image to information: 1999 ASPRS Annual Conference, Portland Oregon, May 17-21, 1999, CD Rom.","productDescription":"CD Rom","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1494e4b0815414ca393c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swets, D.","contributorId":78118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swets","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":145846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marko, S.E.","contributorId":210806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marko","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021268,"text":"70021268 - 1999 - Efficacy of identifying stocked crappies in a Tennessee reservoir through oxytetracycline marking","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-24T16:09:16.049774","indexId":"70021268","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of identifying stocked crappies in a Tennessee reservoir through oxytetracycline marking","docAbstract":"<p><span>Oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion was used to identify black-nosed crappies, a morphological variation of black crappie <i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i>, stocked into Normandy Reservoir, Tennessee, during fall 1997. The technique effectively marked 97% of the treated fish. Analysis of one otolith per fish by one reader successfully identified 98% of marked and unmarked fish in a blind test. Marks were formed before annulus formation and were not obscured by annulus-related autofluorescence, suggesting that OTC can be effectively used late in the year (Oct and Nov) in Tennessee.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<1122:EOISCI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Isermann, D.A., Bettoli, P.W., and Sammons, S.M., 1999, Efficacy of identifying stocked crappies in a Tennessee reservoir through oxytetracycline marking: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 19, no. 4, p. 1122-1123, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<1122:EOISCI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1122","endPage":"1123","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70243827,"text":"70243827 - 1999 - Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T16:50:40.035672","indexId":"70243827","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T11:38:35","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8113,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three independent methods were used to measure net ecosystem production (NEP) in four wetlands near Thompson, Manitoba, Canada. The first method calculated NEP by subtracting heterotrophic respiration from net primary productivity, using both measurements and estimates derived from the literature. The second method used radiocarbon data from cores to derive long-term NEP averaged over the past several decades. The third method used direct measurement of NEP combined with a model to fill in for days with no data. The three methods, with their independently derived uncertainties, all show the same magnitude and pattern of NEP variation across four different wetland types. However, direct measurement yielded distinctly lower estimates of NEP in the most productive sites. Highest NEP (31–180 gC m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) was observed in the two wetlands with the highest proportion of sedge vegetation. A bog collapse scar and a nutrient-rich fen had NEP values not significantly different from zero. The maximum NEP at sites with intermediate nutrient status is due to slower overall decomposition and is likely associated with greater allocation of production below ground by sedges. The three methods for estimating NEP differ in the effort required, the sources of error, and in the timescale over which they apply. Used in combination, they allow estimation of parameters such as below- ground production and the contribution of heterotrophic decomposition to total soil respiration. Using the radiocarbon method, we also derived estimates of the rate of N accumulation in the four wetland types.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","usgsCitation":"Trumbore, S., Bubier, J., Harden, J.W., and Crill, P.M., 1999, Carbon cycling in boreal wetlands: A comparison of three approaches: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D22, p. 27673-27682.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"27673","endPage":"27682","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","city":"Thompson","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.67999877580303\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.7709594471591,\n              55.67999877580303\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.7709594471591,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.92791850719725,\n              55.80052771373002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"D22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trumbore, Susan E. 0000-0003-3885-6202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-6202","contributorId":139916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trumbore","given":"Susan E.","affiliations":[{"id":13313,"text":"Max Planck Institute of Biogeochemistry","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bubier, Jill","contributorId":169400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bubier","given":"Jill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25495,"text":"Mount Holyoke College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":873401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crill, Patrick M.","contributorId":96567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crill","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":873403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073334,"text":"70073334 - 1999 - Metallogeny of the northeastern Pacific Rim: an example of the distribution of ore deposits along a growing continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T10:31:51","indexId":"70073334","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T10:23:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Metallogeny of the northeastern Pacific Rim: an example of the distribution of ore deposits along a growing continental margin","docAbstract":"The distribution of mineral deposits within northwestern North America (Alaska, Yukon, and northern British Columbia) allows for an in-depth examination of the metallogenic patterns of a growing continental margin. A more complete understanding of the tectonic evolution of this part of the Pacific Rim, achieved over the last 15 to 20 years, now allows for the placement of ore systems into a well-defined plate tectonic framework. Ore deposits older than about 185 Ma represent hydrothermal systems that were active in the platform/shelf environment of ancestral North America's miogeocline or hydrothermal systems developed in oceanic arcs and continental fragments more distal to the craton. These include important SEDEX, VMS, and pre-accretionary porphyry deposits. In contrast, most mineral deposits younger than about 185 Ma were formed within the growing Cordilleran orogen, as terranes were accreted to the continental margin during interactions between the North America and Pacific/Farallon/Kula plates. Such syn- to post-accretionary mineralised systems include many large lode gold and porphyry/skarn systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"PACRIM '99 Congress: 10-13 October 1999, Bali, Indonesia (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series no. 99/4)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"PACRIM '99 Congress","conferenceDate":"1999-10-10T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Bali, Indonesia","language":"English","publisher":"Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy","publisherLocation":"Carlton, Australia","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., and Mortensen, J., 1999, Metallogeny of the northeastern Pacific Rim: an example of the distribution of ore deposits along a growing continental margin, p. 273-285.","productDescription":"p. 273-285","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia;Yukon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,48.31 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -114.05,71.39 ], [ -114.05,48.31 ], [ 172.45,48.31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd66c2e4b0b29085100f59","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weber, Graeme","contributorId":113024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Graeme","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509704,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, C.J.","contributorId":20536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mortensen, J.K.","contributorId":16597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mortensen","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70203626,"text":"70203626 - 1999 - Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T09:57:48","indexId":"70203626","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T09:57:30","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied the ecology of the Golden-cheeked Warbler (</span><i>Dendroica chrysoparia</i><span>) during three winter seasons, 1995-1998, in Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico. Individuals of this species occurred almost exclusively as members of mixed-species flocks, occupying sites with greater densities of encino oak and ground cover and fewer pines than random sites. Most foraging observations were recorded in mid-story, encino oak. Commonly-observed foraging maneuvers were gleaning and sally-hovering. Eighty-three percent of foraging maneuvers were directed at the outermost portions of the oak foliage. Flocks in which Golden-cheeked Warblers occurred contained an average of 20.5 individuals and 12.9 species other than Golden-cheeked Warblers. The most frequently co-occurring species were Wilson's Warbler (</span><i>Wilsonia pusilla</i><span>), Black-throated Green Warbler (</span><i>Dendroica virens</i><span>), Hermit Warbler (</span><i>D. occidentalis</i><span>), Townsend's Warbler (D. townsendi), and Blue-headed Vireo (</span><i>Vireo solitarius</i><span>). The ratio of males to females observed was not substantially different from 1:1, and there was little evidence of sexual differences in habitat use. Golden-cheeked Warblers appeared to be tolerant of moderate levels of logging and grazing, but understory clearing to promote grazing for cattle may pose a significant threat to winter habitat availability.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370063","usgsCitation":"Rappole, J.H., King, D.I., and Barrow, W., 1999, Winter ecology of the endangered golden-cheeked warbler: The Condor, v. 101, no. 4, p. 762-770, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370063.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"762","endPage":"770","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rappole, John H.","contributorId":112858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rappole","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, David I.","contributorId":34390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":13259,"text":"USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":18918,"text":"Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":168953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70204857,"text":"70204857 - 1999 - Response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T09:34:55","indexId":"70204857","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T09:31:44","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1492:R]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Proffitt, C.E., Devlin, D., and Bros, S.M., 1999, Response: Ecological Applications, v. 9, no. 4, p. 1492-1496, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1492:R]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1492","endPage":"1496","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Proffitt, C. Edward 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":93568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devlin, Donna","contributorId":177826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devlin","given":"Donna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bros, Shannon May","contributorId":218236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bros","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"May","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6931,"text":"fs11499 - 1999 - Contaminants and Marine Geology in the New York Bight: Modern Sediment Dynamics and a Legacy for the Future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:22:27","indexId":"fs11499","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"114-99","title":"Contaminants and Marine Geology in the New York Bight: Modern Sediment Dynamics and a Legacy for the Future","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center,","doi":"10.3133/fs11499","usgsCitation":"Mecray, E.L., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., and Butman, B., 1999, Contaminants and Marine Geology in the New York Bight: Modern Sediment Dynamics and a Legacy for the Future: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 114-99, 4 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11499.","productDescription":"4 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_114_99.bmp"},{"id":709,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs114-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mecray, Ellen L.","contributorId":50887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mecray","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":153585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6616,"text":"fs14599 - 1999 - Federally owned coal and federal lands in the Colorado Plateau region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T12:26:25","indexId":"fs14599","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"145-99","title":"Federally owned coal and federal lands in the Colorado Plateau region","docAbstract":"<p><span face=\"Arial Black\" data-mce-style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black';\" style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black';\"><span color=\"#993300\" data-mce-style=\"color: #993300;\" style=\"color: #993300;\"> F</span></span><span>ederally owned coal plays a major role in the energy supply of the United States. About 1.1 billion tons of coal were produced in the United States in 1997 (U.S. Department of Energy, 1998). About 30 percent of that total, or about 330 million tons, came from Federal lands. Almost all of the Federal coal production is from Wyoming, Montana, and three States in the Colorado Plateau Region—Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs14599","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Federally owned coal and federal lands in the Colorado Plateau region: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 145-99, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14599.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":34059,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":918,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0145-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0145/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5ed3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6743,"text":"fs15199 - 1999 - Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6743,"text":"fs15199 - 1999 - Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","indexId":"fs15199","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70123388,"text":"fs20143092 - 2014 - Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","indexId":"fs20143092","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70123388,"text":"fs20143092 - 2014 - Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","indexId":"fs20143092","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"title":"Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:53","indexId":"fs15199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"151-99","title":"Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs15199","usgsCitation":"Page, R.A., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 1999, Progress toward a safer future since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 151-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15199.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_151_99.bmp"},{"id":771,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs151-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65dabe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":36088,"text":"b2161 - 1999 - Postglacial lahars and potential hazards in the White Salmon River system on the southwest flank of Mount Adams, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:28","indexId":"b2161","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2161","title":"Postglacial lahars and potential hazards in the White Salmon River system on the southwest flank of Mount Adams, Washington","docAbstract":"Mount Adams, a stratovolcano in southwestern Washington State, formed during Pleistocene time and reached roughly its present size before the end of the Fraser glaciation, which occurred between 25,000 and 12,000 years ago. Since the last glaciation, Mount Adams has erupted at least nine times, producing eight peripheral lava flows and a cinder cone at the summit but no pyroclastic flows. No stratigraphic evidence was found for the occurrence of lahars concurrently with eruptions; in fact, at least one lahar and one debris avalanche occurred during apparently dormant intervals.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/b2161","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., 1999, Postglacial lahars and potential hazards in the White Salmon River system on the southwest flank of Mount Adams, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2161, v, 49 p. ill., maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2161.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. ill., maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3401,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Adams/Publications/Bulletin2161/framework.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64039,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2161/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64040,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2161/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6933,"text":"fs15299 - 1999 - Major quake likely to strike between 2000 and 2030","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":6933,"text":"fs15299 - 1999 - Major quake likely to strike between 2000 and 2030","indexId":"fs15299","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Major quake likely to strike between 2000 and 2030"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":81101,"text":"fs20083027 - 2008 - Forecasting California's earthquakes— What can we expect in the next 30 years?","indexId":"fs20083027","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting California's earthquakes— What can we expect in the next 30 years?"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":81101,"text":"fs20083027 - 2008 - Forecasting California's earthquakes— What can we expect in the next 30 years?","indexId":"fs20083027","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting California's earthquakes— What can we expect in the next 30 years?"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:51","indexId":"fs15299","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"152-99","title":"Major quake likely to strike between 2000 and 2030","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs15299","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., Ross, S.L., Schwartz, D.P., Hendley, J.W., and Stauffer, P.H., 1999, Major quake likely to strike between 2000 and 2030 (Online version 1.0, Superseded by FS 2008-3027): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 152-99, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15299.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_152_99.jpg"},{"id":710,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs152-99/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online version 1.0, Superseded by FS 2008-3027","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6497c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":153589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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