This paper focuses on the lessons hearned in the conduct of the lnternational Geosphere Biosphere Program's Data and Information System (rcnr-nts), global 1-km Land-Cover Mapping Project (n$cover). There is stiLL considerable fundamental research to be conducted dealing with the development and validation of thematic geospatial products derived from a combination of remotely sensed and ancillary data. Issues include database and data product development, classification legend definitions, processing and analysis techniques, and sampling strategies. A significant infrastructure is required to support an effort such as DISCover. The infrastructure put in place under the auspices of the IGBP-DIS serves as a model, and must be put in place to enable replication and development of projects such as Discover.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Estes, J., Belward, A., Loveland, T., Scepan, J., Strahler, A.H., Townshend, J.B., and Justice, C., 1999, The way forward: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 65, no. 9, p. 1089-1093.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1093","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f1e0cbe4b08144348b7e23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, John","contributorId":190894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Estes","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belward, Alan","contributorId":166667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belward","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":18032,"text":"European Commission, Joint Research Centere, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra Varese, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":691026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scepan, Joseph","contributorId":190895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scepan","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strahler, Alan H.","contributorId":149539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strahler","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Townshend, John B.","contributorId":70383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townshend","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Justice, Chris","contributorId":190896,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Justice","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021801,"text":"70021801 - 1999 - Neotectonic structure in the central New Madrid seismic zone: Evidence from multimode seismic-reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-25T17:10:39.696361","indexId":"70021801","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neotectonic structure in the central New Madrid seismic zone: Evidence from multimode seismic-reflection data","docAbstract":"Approximately 14.5 km of conventional P-wave and 2.2 km of horizontally polarized shear-wave seismic-reflection data acquired in the Kentucky Bend area of the central New Madrid Seismic Zone provide evidence of extensive neotectonic near-surface structure. The style and geometry of the deformation are consistent with documented historical geomorphic features, contemporary geomorphic features, and contemporary seismicity. The data image high-angle transpressional faults that strike between N30°W and N50°W. The fault planes exhibit apparent northeast and southwest dips. The opposing high-angle planes represent secondary splay or imbricate faults that responded to torsional bending of a lower-angle master fault.
Although limnologists have long been interested in regional patterns in lake attributes, only recently have they considered lakes connected and organized across the landscape, rather than as spatially independent entities. Here we explore the spatial organization of lake districts through the concept of landscape position, a concept that considers lakes longitudinally along gradients of geomorphology and hydrology. We analyzed long-term chemical and biological data from nine lake chains (lakes in a series connected through surface or groundwater flow) from seven lake districts of diverse hydrologic and geomorphic settings across North America. Spatial patterns in lake variables driven by landscape position were surprisingly common across lake districts and across a wide range of variables. On the other hand, temporal patterns of lake variables, quantified using synchrony, the degree to which pairs of lakes exhibit similar dynamics through time, related to landscape position only for lake chains with lake water residence times that spanned a wide range and were generally long (close to or greater than 1 year). Highest synchrony of lakes within a lake chain occurred when lakes had short water residence times. Our results from both the spatial and temporal analyses suggest that certain features of the landscape position concept are robust enough to span a wide range of seemingly disparate lake types. The strong spatial patterns observed in this analysis, and some unexplained patterns, suggest the need to further study these scales and to continue to view lake ecosystems spatially, longitudinally, and broadly across the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100219900089","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Webster, K.E., Riera, J., Kratz, T.K., Baron, J., Bukaveckas, P.A., Kling, G., White, D.S., Caine, N., Lathrop, R.C., and Leavitt, P.R., 1999, Spatial variation among lakes within landscapes: Ecological organization along lake chains: Ecosystems, v. 2, no. 5, p. 395-410, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900089.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"410","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/42434>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5793444ce4b0eb1ce79e8c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riera, Joan L.","contributorId":173066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riera","given":"Joan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratz, Timothy K.","contributorId":173067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratz","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bukaveckas, Paul A.","contributorId":173068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bukaveckas","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kling, George","contributorId":120446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, David S.","contributorId":173069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caine, Nel","contributorId":169277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caine","given":"Nel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lathrop, Richard C","contributorId":172075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leavitt, Peter R.","contributorId":173070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":24407,"text":"ofr9961 - 1999 - Summary of data collected for the Demonstration Erosion Control Project in the Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi, October 1996-September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr9961","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-61","title":"Summary of data collected for the Demonstration Erosion Control Project in the Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi, October 1996-September 1997","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9961","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Runner, M.S., and Roberts, B.A., 1999, Summary of data collected for the Demonstration Erosion Control Project in the Yazoo River basin, north-central Mississippi, October 1996-September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-61, iv, 24 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9961.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53496,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runner, Michael S. msrunner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runner","given":"Michael","email":"msrunner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Bruce A.","contributorId":24812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21994,"text":"ofr9957 - 1999 - Organic compounds and trace elements in the Pocomoke River and tributaries, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T18:53:15.910404","indexId":"ofr9957","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-57","title":"Organic compounds and trace elements in the Pocomoke River and tributaries, Maryland","docAbstract":"In response to concern about recent blooms of the dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, samples of sediment and water were collected from the lower Pocomoke River Basin and were screened for trace elements, pesticides, and other organic compounds. A large group of steroid and fatty acid methyl-ester compounds was detected in streamwater using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy in scan mode. Some of these steroid compounds have been identified and further quantified in bed-sediment extracts. Spatial patterns of the concentrations of cholesterol suggest that these compounds are linked to the runoff of animal wastes into the river. Many of the organic compounds found in the Pocomoke River sediments have not yet been identified, but at least several are in the class of hormone compounds related to estradiols and have the potential to promote endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic life. Particulate forms of arsenic and zinc are slightly elevated above normal levels for streams, but the sources for these elements are still undetermined. Several pesticides were found in low, parts-per-trillion concentrations, but were within the ranges commonly found in streams of this region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9957","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.V., Foster, G.D., Huff, T.B., and Garbarino, J.R., 1999, Organic compounds and trace elements in the Pocomoke River and tributaries, Maryland (Revised January 2000): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-57, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9957.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16371.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":1168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-57/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Pocomoke River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.558,\n 38.083\n ],\n [\n -75.675,\n 38.083\n ],\n [\n -75.675,\n 37.95\n ],\n [\n -75.558,\n 37.95\n ],\n [\n -75.558,\n 38.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised January 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Cherie V. 0000-0001-7765-5919 cvmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-5919","contributorId":863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Cherie","email":"cvmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foster, Gregory D.","contributorId":18020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huff, Thomas B.","contributorId":26719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":65789,"text":"i2575 - 1999 - Revised shaded relief map and controlled color photomosaic of the Ismenius Lacus Quadrangle (MC-5) of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-23T12:58:20","indexId":"i2575","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2575","title":"Revised shaded relief map and controlled color photomosaic of the Ismenius Lacus Quadrangle (MC-5) of Mars","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2575","isbn":"0607926015","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Revised shaded relief map and controlled color photomosaic of the Ismenius Lacus Quadrangle (MC-5) of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2575, 2 Plates: 33.15 x 29.73 inches and 29.59 x 24.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2575.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 33.15 x 29.73 inches and 29.59 x 24.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":115075,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2575/plate-1.pdf","size":"6480","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":115076,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2575/plate-2.pdf","size":"4931","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":190078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2575/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"46000","otherGeospatial":"Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602e33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24663,"text":"ofr9976 - 1999 - Documentation of work for the optimization project, East Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"ofr9976","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-76","title":"Documentation of work for the optimization project, East Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9976","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Tenbus, F., and Fleck, W., 1999, Documentation of work for the optimization project, East Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-76, iii, 124 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9976.","productDescription":"iii, 124 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157209,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53692,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63611c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tenbus, F.J.","contributorId":45730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, W.B.","contributorId":14862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21836,"text":"ofr98640 - 1999 - Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T21:12:52.818357","indexId":"ofr98640","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-640","title":"Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of the geohydrology of the dolomite bedrock at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois. The study was designed to identify and characterize the flow pathways through the bedrock aquifer beneath the site. The geologic units of concern at the site are the Glenwood Formation of the Ancell Group, and the Platteville and Galena Groups. These deposits compose the Galena-Platteville aquifer and the underlying Harmony Hill Shale semiconfining unit. The Galena-Platteville aquifer is an unconfined aquifer.\r\nGeophysical logging, water levels, and aquifer-test data indicate the presence of interconnected, hydraulically active fractures in the middle of the Galena-Platteville aquifer (the upper flow pathway), and a second set of hydraulically active fractures (the lower flow pathway). The lower flow pathway may be present through much of the site. Few hydraulically active fractures are present in the upper part of the aquifer near the center of the site, but appear to be more numerous in the upper part of the aquifer in the western and northeastern parts of the site.\r\n\r\nWater-level data obtained during the tracer test indicate that pumping effects were present near the pumped wells. Pumping effects may have been present at several wells located along directions of identified fracture orientation from the pumped well. The upper part of the aquifer did not appear to be hydraulically well connected to the flow pathways supplying water to the pumped well. Large background changes in water levels obscured the effects of pumping and prevented calculation of aquifer properties. The velocity of the bromide tracer through the lower flow pathway under the hydraulic gradient resulting from the pumping was about 152 feet per day. Solution of the Darcy velocity equation results in a calculated effective porosity for this interval of 3.5 percent, indicating hydraulic interconnection between the fractures and the aquifer matrix. Ground-water velocity through the lower flow pathway was calculated to be 15.4 feet per day under hydrostatic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98640","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Yeskis, D.J., Prinos, S.T., Morrow, W.S., and Vendl, M., 1999, Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-640, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98640.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413967,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19332.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0640/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0640/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Byron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.067,\n 42.317\n ],\n [\n -89.1,\n 42.317\n ],\n [\n -89.1,\n 42.283\n ],\n [\n -89.067,\n 42.283\n ],\n [\n -89.067,\n 42.317\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrow, William S. 0000-0002-2250-3165 wsmorrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-3165","contributorId":1886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"William","email":"wsmorrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vendl, Mark","contributorId":52604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vendl","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":24475,"text":"ofr99131 - 1999 - The contribution of giant fields to United States oil production and reserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr99131","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-131","title":"The contribution of giant fields to United States oil production and reserves","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99131","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J., 1999, The contribution of giant fields to United States oil production and reserves: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-131, 25 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99131.","productDescription":"25 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6689ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23776,"text":"ofr9974 - 1999 - Volatile organic compounds detected in vapor-diffusion samplers placed in sediments along and near the shoreline at Allen Harbor Landfill and Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island, March-April 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:17","indexId":"ofr9974","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-74","title":"Volatile organic compounds detected in vapor-diffusion samplers placed in sediments along and near the shoreline at Allen Harbor Landfill and Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island, March-April 1998","docAbstract":"Volatile organic compounds are present in ground water at the Allen Harbor Landfill and the Calf Pasture Point sites on the former Naval Construction Battalion Center in Davisville, R.I. Vapor-diffusion samplers were used at the two sites during March-April 1998 to identify possible discharge points for contaminants along the shore of Allen Harbor and in two wetland areas near the shore. Results from vapor-diffusion samplers will be used in conjunction with other site information to evaluate proposed ground-water monitoring programs.\r\n\r\n\r\nVolatile organic compounds were detected in 41 of 115 samplers placed along the shoreline at the Allen Harbor Landfill. Trichloroethylene was the principal volatile organic compound detected of eight target compounds. The highest vapor concentration measured exceeded 300,000 parts per billion by volume in an area where TCE was detected in groundwater from nearby monitoring wells. Other chemicals detected in vapor-diffusion samplers included tetrachloroethylene, toluene, and benzene. Concentrations of individual volatile organic compounds were less than 100 parts per billion by volume in most samplers.\r\n\r\n\r\nVolatile organic compounds, principally trichloroethylene, were detected in 7 of 30 samplers placed along the shoreline at Calf Pasture Point; the highest trichloroethylene concentration was 1,900 parts per billion by volume. A trace concentration of tetrachloroethylene was detected in one of the samplers. One of 24 samplers placed in two wetland areas near the shore (suspected discharge areas for ground-water containing volatile organic compounds) detected trichloroethylene at a vapor concentration of 14 parts per billion by volume.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9974","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lyford, F.P., Kliever, J., and Scott, C., 1999, Volatile organic compounds detected in vapor-diffusion samplers placed in sediments along and near the shoreline at Allen Harbor Landfill and Calf Pasture Point, Davisville, Rhode Island, March-April 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-74, iv, 9 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9974.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-074/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bcaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyford, F. P.","contributorId":30223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kliever, J.D.","contributorId":22803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kliever","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Clifford","contributorId":25198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Clifford","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38098,"text":"ofr99353 - 1999 - Seismic and tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-18T21:49:38.364045","indexId":"ofr99353","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-353","title":"Seismic and tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are located at an active plate boundary between the North American plate and the northeast corner of the Caribbean plate. The region was subject in historical times to large magnitude earthquakes and devastating tsunamis. A major downward tilt of the sea floor north of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, large submarine rockslides, and an unusually large negative gravity anomaly are also indicative of a tectonically active region. Scientists have so far failed to explain the deformation of this region in a coherent and predictable picture, such as in California, and this has hampered their ability to assess seismic and tsunami hazards in the region. The NE corner of the Caribbean is unique among the seismically-active regions of the United States in that it is mostly covered by water. This fact presents an additional challenge for seismic and tsunami hazard assessment and mitigation.
The workshop, convened in San Juan on March 23-24, 1999, was \"historic\" in that it brought together for the first time a broad spectrum of scientists, engineers, and public and private sector officials who deal with such diverse questions as tectonic models, probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard, prediction of tsunami runup, strong ground motion, building codes, stability of man-made structures, and the public’s preparedness for natural disasters. It was an opportunity for all the participants to find out how their own activity fit into the broad picture of science and how it aids society in hazard assessment and mitigation. In addition, the workshop was offered as a continuing education course at the Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico, which assured a rapid dissemination of the results to the local community. A news conference which took place during the workshop alerted the public to the efforts of the USGS, other Federal agencies, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, universities and the private sector.
During the first day of the workshop, participants from universities, federal institutions, and consulting firms in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the continental U.S., Dominican Republic, and Europe reviewed the present state of knowledge including a review and discussion of present plate models, recent GPS and seismic reflection data, seismicity, paleoseismology, and tsunamis. The state of earthquake/tsunami studies in Puerto Rico was presented by several faculty members from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. A preliminary seismic hazard map was presented by the USGS and previous hazard maps and economic loss assessments were considered. During the second day, the participants divided into working groups and prepared specific recommendations for future activities in the region along the six following topics below. Highlights of these recommended activities are:
Marine geology and geophysics – Acquire deep-penetration seismic reflection and refraction data, deploy temporary ocean bottom seismometer arrays to record earthquakes, collect high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and side scan sonar data of the region, and in particular, the near shore region, and conduct focussed high-resolution seismic studies around faults. Determine slip rates of specific offshore faults. Assemble a GIS database for available marine geological and geophysical data.
Paleoseismology and active faults - Field reconnaissance aimed at identifying Quaternary faults and determining their paleoseismic chronology and slip rates, as well as identifying and dating paleoliquefaction features from large earthquakes. Quaternary mapping of marine terraces, fluvial terraces and basins, beach ridges, etc., to establish framework for understanding neotectonic deformation of the island. Interpretation of aerial photography to identify possible Quaternary faults.
Earthquake seismology – Determine an empirical seismic attenuation function using observations from local seismic networks and recently-installed broad-band stations. Evaluate existing earthquake catalogs from local networks and regional stations, complete the catalogs. Transcribe the pre-1991 network data from 9-track tape onto more stable archival media. Calibrate instruments of local networks. Use GPS measurement to constrain deformation rates used in seismic-hazard maps.
Engineering – Prepare liquefaction susceptibility maps for the urban areas. Update and improve databases for types of site conditions. Collect site effect observations and near-surface geophysical measurements for future local (urban-area) hazard maps. Expand the number of instruments in the strong motion program. Develop fragility curves for Puerto Rico construction types and details, and carry out laboratory testing on selected types of mass-produced construction. Consider tsunami design in shoreline construction projects.
Tsunami hazard - Extract tsunami observations from archives and develop a Caribbean historical tsunami database. Analyze prehistoric tsunami deposits. Collect accurate, up-to-date, near-shore topography and bathymetry for accurate inundation models. Prepare tsunami flooding and evacuation maps. Establish a Caribbean Tsunami Warning System for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Evaluate local, regional, national, and global seismic networks and equipment, and their role in a tsunami warning system.
Societal concerns – Prepare warning messages, protocols, and evacuation routes for earthquake, tsunami, and landslide hazards for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Advocate enforcement of existing building codes. Prepare non-technical hazard assessment maps for political and educational uses. Raise the awareness of potentially affected populations by presentations at elementary schools, by the production of a tsunami video, and by distribution of earthquake preparedness manuals in newspaper supplements. Promote partnerships at state and federal level for long-term earthquake and tsunami hazard mitigation. This partnership should also include the private sector such as the insurance industry, telecommunication companies, and the engineering community.
The following reports of the various working groups are the cumulative recommendations of the community of scientists, engineers, and public officials, who participated in the workshop. The list of participants and the workshop’s agenda are given in the appendix.
Record flooding occurred June 15-17, 1998, in the Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna River basins following severe thunderstorm activity over southwest Iowa. More than 8 inches of rain fell over a large part of Cass County. The rain gage at Atlantic, Iowa recorded a 24-hour total rainfall of 13.18 inches, which established a new official State record for the greatest amount of rainfall in a 24-hour period. The peak discharge was 41,400 cubic feet per second in the East Nishnabotna River near Atlantic, 60,500 cubic feet per second in the East Nishnabotna River at Red Oak, and 65,100 cubic feet per second in the Nishnabotna River above Hamburg. The peak discharge at Atlantic was greater than the theoretical 200-year flood and the peak discharges at Red Oak and Hamburg were greater than the respective theoretical 500-year floods. Information about the basin, the rain storms, the flooding, and a profile of high water marks at selected intervals along the Nishnabotna and East Nishnabotna Rivers are presented in this report.
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C.","contributorId":51712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22189,"text":"ofr98637 - 1999 - Study design and analytical results used to evaluate stability of volatile organic compounds in water matrices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr98637","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-637","title":"Study design and analytical results used to evaluate stability of volatile organic compounds in water matrices","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98637","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Love, J.T., Delzer, G., Abney, S.R., and Zogorski, J.S., 1999, Study design and analytical results used to evaluate stability of volatile organic compounds in water matrices: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-637, v, 156 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98637.","productDescription":"v, 156 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0637/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51625,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0637/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699cfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Love, Jason T.","contributorId":34957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Love","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, G.C.","contributorId":60261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"G.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abney, Sonja R.","contributorId":62992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abney","given":"Sonja","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24518,"text":"ofr99143 - 1999 - New radiocarbon ages from Haleakalā Crater, island of Maui, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T19:32:30.432577","indexId":"ofr99143","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-143","title":"New radiocarbon ages from Haleakalā Crater, island of Maui, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99143","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sherrod, D.R., and McGeehin, J., 1999, New radiocarbon ages from Haleakalā Crater, island of Maui, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-143, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99143.","productDescription":"14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16282.htm"},{"id":155909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53570,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Haleakala Crater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.29837036132812,\n 20.653346148076064\n ],\n [\n -156.0944366455078,\n 20.653346148076064\n ],\n [\n -156.0944366455078,\n 20.77922700256325\n ],\n [\n -156.29837036132812,\n 20.77922700256325\n ],\n [\n -156.29837036132812,\n 20.653346148076064\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6975a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGeehin, J. P. 0000-0002-5320-6091","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-6091","contributorId":48593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGeehin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021192,"text":"70021192 - 1999 - Biomass of coastal cutthroat trout in unlogged and previously clear-cut basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T16:57:54.687269","indexId":"70021192","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomass of coastal cutthroat trout in unlogged and previously clear-cut basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon","docAbstract":"Populations of coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki were sampled in 16 Oregon headwater streams during 1991–1993. These streams were above upstream migration barriers and distributed among basins that had been logged 20–30 and 40–60 years ago and basins that had not been logged but had burned 125–150 years ago. The objective of our study was to characterize the populations and habitats of age‐1 or older cutthroat trout within these three forest management types. Streams within unlogged basins had relatively low levels and a small range of trout biomass (g/m2). Streams in basins logged 40–60 years ago supported low levels but an intermediate range of trout biomass. Streams in basins logged 20–30 years ago supported the widest range of biomass, including the lowest and highest biomasses among all streams sampled. The variable that best explained the variation of trout biomass among all 16 streams was the amount of large woody debris (LWD). All streams were heavily shaded during at least part of the year by mostly closed tree canopies. Deciduous trees were more prominent in canopies over streams in logged basins, while conifers were more prominent in the stream canopies of unlogged basins. Our results suggest that trout production in basins extensively clear‐cut 20–60 years ago may generally decrease or remain low over the next 50 or more years because of decreasing loads of remnant LWD, persistent low recruitment potential for new LWD, and persistent heavy shading by conifers. These logged basins are not likely to show an increase in trout biomass over the next 50 years unless reset by favorable natural disturbances or by habitat restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0890:BOCCTI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., and Hall, J., 1999, Biomass of coastal cutthroat trout in unlogged and previously clear-cut basins in the central Coast Range of Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 890-899, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0890:BOCCTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"890","endPage":"899","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"central Coast Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.43196828538251,\n 45.37360896316039\n ],\n [\n -124.43196828538251,\n 43.66288574680826\n ],\n [\n -123.38007159213834,\n 43.66288574680826\n ],\n [\n -123.38007159213834,\n 45.37360896316039\n ],\n [\n -124.43196828538251,\n 45.37360896316039\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18ce4b0c8380cd4acc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, J.D.","contributorId":67112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021523,"text":"70021523 - 1999 - Influence of externally attached transmitters on the swimming performance of juvenile white sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T17:01:55.973636","indexId":"70021523","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of externally attached transmitters on the swimming performance of juvenile white sturgeon","docAbstract":"We measured the critical swimming speed of juvenile white sturgeons Acipenser transmontanus equipped with externally attached dummy ultrasonic transmitters and of untagged control fish in the laboratory. White sturgeons ranging from 31.9 to 37.0 cm fork length were subjected to one of three treatments: Control (handled but not tagged), tag attached below the dorsal fin, and tag attached with the anterior insertion point between the fourth and fifth dorsal scutes. Although transmitters were of recommended weight, we found that the swimming performance of tagged white sturgeons was significantly less than that of untagged control fish. Swimming performance of tagged fish was not differentially affected by tag location. Our results suggest that data from ultrasonic telemetry studies of externally tagged juvenile white sturgeons should be interpreted with caution due to the reduced swimming performance caused by external transmitters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0965:IOEATO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Counihan, T., and Frost, C., 1999, Influence of externally attached transmitters on the swimming performance of juvenile white sturgeon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 965-970, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0965:IOEATO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"970","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229068,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b32e4b0c8380cd622e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, C.N.","contributorId":99324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"C.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":65020,"text":"i2579 - 1999 - Geologic map of the Galaxias quadrangle (MTM 35217) of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:08:09","indexId":"i2579","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2579","title":"Geologic map of the Galaxias quadrangle (MTM 35217) of Mars","docAbstract":"The Galaxias region (MTM 35217) is one of a series of 1:500,000-scale science study areas on Mars sponsored by NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. Situated near the northern limit of lava flows associated with Elysium Mons, this region includes a mixture of volcanic and nonvolcanic terrains. The region is also of interest for the fluvial systems that originate along the distal margins of the Elysium lava flows. Resolution of Viking Orbiter images used to prepare the base map ranges from 40 to 160 m/pixel. High-resolution frames (40 to 80 m/pixel) are found in the southeastern part of the map area and along the north edge of the quadrangle, but over half the quadrangle is included in medium-resolution frames (150 m/pixel). Two 8 m/pixel, very high resolution scenes are available (see fig. 1). Interpretation is complicated by variable resolution and sun angles that vary from east to west illumination on different images. Mapping methods and principles are adapted from those developed for lunar photogeologic mapping by Shoemaker and Hackman (1962), refined by Wilhelms (1972), and successfully applied by many workers to a variety of planetary surfaces. Mapping units are distinguished by topography and texture and are ranked by relative age on the basis of superposition and transection relations. Material units are assigned to time-stratigraphic systems defined by Scott and Carr (1978) and Tanaka (1986). This area is included within earlier maps that used Mariner 9 images at 1:5,000,000 scale (Elston, 1979) and globally at 1:25,000,000 scale (Scott and Carr, 1978). Regional maps based on the much higher resolutions of Viking Orbiter allowed more detailed discrimination of materials by Greeley and Guest (1987) at 1:15,000,000 scale and Tanaka and others (1992) at 1:5,000,000 scale. Some map units on this 1:500,000-scale map correspond to, or are partially equivalent to, units on the larger scale maps of Greeley and Guest (1987) and Tanaka and others (1992). Established terminology is used where feasible, but the scale of this map requires that some new units be introduced and that some previous terminology be redefined. Photogeologic methods are limited; therefore, more than one geologic explanation is given for some material units that do not readily lend themselves to an unequivocal interpretation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2579","isbn":"0607925973","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"De Hon, R.A., Mouginis-Mark, P.J., and Brick, E.E., 1999, Geologic map of the Galaxias quadrangle (MTM 35217) of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2579, 1 Map: 117 x 96 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2579.","productDescription":"1 Map: 117 x 96 cm","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":6095,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2579/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":189875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2579.jpg"}],"scale":"502000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","otherGeospatial":"Galaxias;Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Hon, Rene A.","contributorId":42475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Hon","given":"Rene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. 0000-0002-7173-6141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-6141","contributorId":36793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brick, Eugene E.","contributorId":37190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brick","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22045,"text":"ofr99129 - 1999 - Preliminary mineralogical and chemical studies related to the potential mobility of selenium and associated elements in Phosphoria Formation strata, southeastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:41","indexId":"ofr99129","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-129","title":"Preliminary mineralogical and chemical studies related to the potential mobility of selenium and associated elements in Phosphoria Formation strata, southeastern Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr99129","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., DeWitt, E., Jones, J., Meier, A., and Meeker, G., 1999, Preliminary mineralogical and chemical studies related to the potential mobility of selenium and associated elements in Phosphoria Formation strata, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-129, 20 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99129.","productDescription":"20 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0129/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51505,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0129/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ce01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, G. 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