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The model was used to simulate the effect of removing Powell Marsh control structures (ditches and Vista Pond) on the hydrology of Dead Pike Lake. Measurements and model simulation results show that ground water in the vicinity of Powell Marsh moves to the northwest and west. If Powell Marsh structures are removed from the simulation, it does not affect the general direction of ground-water flow nor the total flow to Dead Pike Lake. Without the simulated structures, slightly more ground-water flow enters Dead Pike Lake and slightly less surface-water flows at the Dead Pike Lake inlet than with the simulated structures.</p>\n<p>Ground-water levels measured in piezometers installed along a flow path indicated that ground-water flow primarily is horizontal in the marsh and moves upward in the vicinity of a ditch where it discharges. Flow from Vista Pond is downward to the ground-water system but eventually also discharges upward to the ditches. Based on analyses of water samples from piezometers, the ditch, and Vista Pond, it was shown that dissolved iron is transported in the ground water. When ground water is discharged, iron and manganese react with dissolved oxygen, then precipitates, and forms the oxyhydroxide floc present in the Powell Marsh ditches. The processes involved in the transport and floc formation are not unique to the ditches, but are an expected outcome where discharging ground water and oxygenated surface water meet. Therefore, although floc formed in the ditches would no longer be available for transport if ditches were removed, it is likely that the floc formation would be redirected to the near-shore areas of Dead Pike Lake where increased groundwater discharge is expected.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024034","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W., and Hunt, R.J., 2002, Hydrologic investigation of Powell Marsh and its relation to Dead Pike Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4034, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024034.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":82253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4034/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Dead Pike Lake, Powell Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.9879,46.0971],[-88.9329,46.0746],[-88.9332,45.9822],[-89.0478,45.9822],[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.1091,45.8973],[-89.1752,45.8993],[-89.1754,45.859],[-89.3008,45.8606],[-89.3007,45.9014],[-89.3628,45.8987],[-89.4256,45.8987],[-89.5498,45.8988],[-89.6741,45.8987],[-89.7571,45.8985],[-89.797,45.898],[-89.8199,45.8984],[-89.9212,45.8981],[-89.9846,45.8974],[-90.0428,45.8972],[-90.0442,45.9823],[-90.0134,45.9824],[-89.9853,45.9821],[-89.9289,45.9818],[-89.9282,46.0693],[-89.9288,46.1558],[-89.9287,46.2428],[-89.929,46.3],[-89.7599,46.268],[-89.7368,46.2636],[-89.5829,46.2347],[-89.5331,46.2252],[-89.5133,46.2215],[-89.4272,46.2048],[-89.3759,46.1949],[-89.2666,46.1737],[-89.2302,46.1662],[-89.0854,46.1365],[-88.9879,46.0971]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Vilas\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, James T.","contributorId":52223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39938,"text":"wri20024156 - 2002 - Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T11:05:37","indexId":"wri20024156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4156","title":"Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000","docAbstract":"<p>The Grand Portage Reservation is located in northeastern Cook County, Minnesota at the boundary between Minnesota, USA, and Ontario, Canada. Between 1991 and 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of studies, with the cooperation with Grand Portage Band of Chippewa, to describe the water resources of the Grand Portage Reservation.</p>\n<p>Ground water moves primarily through fractures in the bedrock, probably in three ground-water systems: local, regional, and deep. Lake Superior is thought to be the discharge point for brines in the deep ground-water flow system.</p>\n<p>The watersheds in the Grand Portage Reservation are small and steep; consequently streams in the Grand Portage Reservation tend to be flashy. Lake stages rise and fall with rainfall.</p>\n<p>The pH of water in the Reservation is generally alkaline (pH greater than 7.0). The alkalinity of water in the Reservation is low. Concentrations of major ions are much greater in ground water than in spring water and surface water.</p>\n<p>The ionic composition of water in the Reservation differs depending upon the source of the water. Water from 11 of the 20 wells sampled are a calcium-sodium-chloride type. Water from wells GW-2, GW-7, and GW-11 had much greater specific conductance concentrations of major ions compared to the other wells. Some spring water (SP-1, SP-3, SP-4, SP-6, and SP-8) is calcium-bicarbonate type like surface water, whereas other spring water (SP-5 and SP-7) is similar to the calcium-sodium-chloride type occurring in samples from about one-half the wells. The major chemical constituents in surface water are bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium.</p>\n<p>Measured tritium and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations in water samples from springs and wells were used to determine the recharge age of the sampled water. The recharge ages of two of the wells sampled for tritium are before 1953. The recharge ages of the remaining 10 samples for tritium are probably after 1970. The recharge ages of seven SF6 samples were between 1973 and 1998.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20024156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., 2002, Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4156, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024156.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri20024156.JPG"},{"id":9849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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-89.5570707321167, 47.97231233570913 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winterstein, Thomas A.","contributorId":25971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winterstein","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44958,"text":"wri024176 - 2002 - Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4176","title":"Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages","docAbstract":"Selected hydrometeorological (HM) data for the Pacific Northwest, and regional-to-hemispheric atmospheric-circulation data and sea-surface temperature (SST) data for the North Pacific, are examined for three successive interdecadal periods that are subsets of the instrumental record in order to estimate if their characteristics have changed. The HM data included monthly precipitation totals for 50 sites in western Washington and 29 climate divisions of the Pacific Northwest, and streamflow averages for 112 sites in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The atmospheric data included the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), an index of the Pacific/North America (PNA) circulation pattern, measures of the westerly and northerly components of geostrophic flow, and a subset of the Northern Hemisphere 700-millibar geopotential height data; this subset of 162 grid points includes the area between 15 degrees and 75 degrees N, 110 degrees W and 130 degrees E. The SST data are for a 5-degree grid between 20 degrees N and 60 degrees N, 110 degrees W and 130 degrees E. The atmospheric and SST data were examined not only because the HM regime is linked to regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, but also to estimate the extent of climate shifts displayed by these data. \r\n\r\nThree subsets of the record were identified as pre-1947 (PRE), 1947-76 (BASE), and post-1976 (POST) water years, based on an analysis of the HM data and previous studies. For each subset, means were calculated for the water year (October-September), the runoff season (March-August), the winter season (October-February), and a baseflow season (August-September). Differences in means and in ratios of the means between the BASE period and the PRE and POST periods were examined for changes.\r\n\r\nWinter-season mean precipitation during both the PRE and POST periods was smaller than the BASE period, indicating a spatially consistent and distinct change in the HM regime during winter during the PRE and POST periods. For the runoff season, mean precipitation at most sites, in comparison to the BASE period, was smaller during the PRE period and larger during POST period, indicating that different HM regimes occurred during the runoff season for the PRE and POST periods. Water-year mean precipitation was less for both the PRE and POST periods because of decreases in winter-season precipitation; however, the water-year values for the POST period were not as small as those of the PRE period because more precipitation was concentrated in the runoff season. \r\n\r\nDuring both the PRE and POST periods, the mean water-year discharge was less than the BASE period for all but 15 of the 112 sites. Fourteen of the 15 sites were in a well-defined region (southern Idaho and southeastern Oregon), and 13 of the 14 had larger means only during the POST period. Winter-season streamflow was less for all but 11 sites during both PRE and POST periods; the largest decreases in the mean, more than 30 percent, were for an area in central Oregon. Except for the sites that had larger mean water-year discharge, runoff-season means also were less than those during the BASE period. \r\n\r\nChanges in the SOI and PNA index from the BASE period were generally similar to and consistent with those of the majority of the hydrologic data; dissimilarities were in well-defined regions and are attributed to the evolutionary nature of the regime shifts. Negative values of the SOI for the POST period were more persistent than those that have occurred during both the PRE and BASE periods. The changes in the PNA index and the geostrophic flow components during the POST period are consistent with drier and warmer conditions in the Pacific Northwest. The 700-millibar data display trends and differences between the BASE and POST periods; differences in composite anomalies for selected winter months between these periods show a well-defined PNA pattern. For many areas of the North Pacific, the record of SSTs shows a significant long-term trend","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024176","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 2002, Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4176, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024176.","productDescription":"105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3832,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024176","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44878,"text":"wri20014275 - 2002 - Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T14:54:35.187585","indexId":"wri20014275","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4275","title":"Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida","docAbstract":"<p class=\"BodyText\">Ground-water resources in southern Florida are under increasing stress caused a rapid growth in population. As a result of increased demands on aquifers, water managers need more timely and accurate assessments of ground-water conditions in order to avoid or reduce adverse effects such as saltwater intrusion, loss of pumpage in residential water-supply wells, land-surface subsidence, and aquifer compaction.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">Hydrologic data were analyzed from three aquifer systems in southern Florida: the surficial aquifer system, which includes the Biscayne aquifer; the intermediate aquifer system, which includes the sandstone and mid-Hawthorn aquifers; and the Florida aquifer system represented by the lower Hawthorn producing zone. Long-term water-level trends were analyzed using the Seasonal Kendall trend test in 83 monitoring wells with a daily-value record spanning 26 years (1974-99). The majority of the wells with data for this period were in the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. Only 14 wells in southwestern Florida aquifers and 9 in the surficial aquifer system of Martin and Palm Beach Counties had data for the full period. Because many monitoring wells did not have data for this full period, several shorter periods were evaluated as well. The trend tests revealed small but statistically significant upward trends in most aquifers, but large and localized downward trends in the sandstone and mid-Hawthorn aquifers.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">Monthly means of maximum daily water levels from 246 wells were compared to monthly rainfall totals from rainfall stations in southwestern and southeastern Florida in order to determine which monitoring wells most clearly indicated decreases in water levels that corresponded to prolonged rainfall shortages. Of this total, 104 wells had periods of record over 20 years and could be compared against several drought periods. After factors such as lag, seasonal cyclicity, and cumulative functions were considered, the timing of minimum values of water level from 15 ground-water monitoring wells and average minimum rainfall values agreed 57 to 62 percent of the time over a 20 to 26 year period. On average, the timing of water-level minimums and rainfall minimums agreed about 52 percent of the time, and in some cases only agreed 29 percent of the time.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">A regression analysis was used to evaluate daily water levels from 203 monitoring wells that are currently, or recently had been, part of the network to determine which wells were most representative of each aquifer. The regression also was used to determine which wells provided data that could be used to provide estimations of water levels at other wells in the aquifer with a coefficient of determination (R2 value) from the regression of 0.64 or greater. In all, the regression analysis alone indicated that 35 wells generally had 10 years or more of data and could be used to directly monitor water levels or to estimate water levels at 180 of 203 wells (89 percent of the network). Ultimately, factors such as existing instrumentation, well construction, long-term water-level trends, and variations of water level and chloride concentration were considered together with the R<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>results in designing the final network.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">The Seasonal Kendall trend test was used to examine trends in ground-water chloride concentrations in 113 wells. Of these wells, 61 showed statistically significant trends. Fifty-six percent (34 of 61 wells) of the observed trends in chloride concentration were upward and 44 percent (27 of 61 wells) were downward. The relation between water level and chloride concentration in 114 ground-water wells was examined using Spearman's<span>&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: symbol;\">r</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and Pearson's<span>&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;</span>correlation coefficients. Statistically significant results showed both positive and negative relations. Based on the results of statistical analyses, period of record, well construction, and existing satellite telemetry, 33 monitoring wells were selected that could be used to assess ground-water conditions in 167 monitoring wells in southern Florida on an interim basis.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">A real-time ground-water level monitoring network (<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910203519/http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910203519/http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html\">http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html</a>) was designed to provide this information, and a prototype website was constructed to provide water managers with daily updates on ground-water conditions in southern Florida. Many of the same analytical tools used to select monitoring wells representative of aquifer conditions are also employed to analyze data for this website. These tools include regression analysis, the Seasonal Kendall trend test, and frequency analysis. The website also includes image maps showing the current conditions for stations in selected geographical areas and aquifers and statistical comparison plots for each station.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014275","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., Lietz, A., and Irvin, R., 2002, Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4275, vi, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014275.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":380743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://permanent.fdlp.gov/lps100464/fl.water.usgs.gov/PDF_files/wri01_4275_prinos.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0244140625,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0244140625,\n              27.581329075043357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              27.581329075043357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lietz, A.C.","contributorId":40957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvin, R.B.","contributorId":10014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53873,"text":"bsr20010009 - 2001 - A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients\" Bioaccumulation in fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-10T13:57:05.66668","indexId":"bsr20010009","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2001-0009","displayTitle":"A National Pilot Study of Mercury Contamination of Aquatic Ecosystems Along Multiple Gradients: Bioaccumulation in Fish","title":"A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients\" Bioaccumulation in fish","docAbstract":"<p>Water, sediment, and fish were sampled in the summer and fall of 1998 at 106 sites from 20 U.S. watershed basins to examine relations of mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic ecosystems. Bioaccumulation of Hg in fish from these basins was evaluated in relation to species, Hg and MeHg in surficial sediment and water, and watershed characteristics. Bioaccumulation was strongly (positively) correlated with MeHg in water (r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.001) but only moderately with the MeHg in sediment (r = 0.33, p &lt; 0.001) or total Hg in water (r = 0.28, p &lt; 0.01). Of the other significantly measured parameters, pH, DOC, sulfate, sediment LOI, and the percent wetlands of each basin were also significantly correlated with Hg bioaccumulation in fish. The best model for predicting Hg bioaccumulation included Me Hg in water, PH of the water, % wetlands in the basin, and the AVS content of the sediment. These four variables accounted for 45% of the variability of the fish fillet Hg concentration normalized (divided) by total length; however, the majority was described by MeHg in water. A MeHg water concentration 0.12 ng/L was on average, associated with a fish fillet Hg concentration of 0.3 mg/kg wet weight for an age-3 fish when all species were considered. For age-3 largemouth bass, a MeHg water concentration of 0.058 ng/L was associated with the 0.3 mg/kg fillet concentration. Based on rankings for Hg in sediment, water, and fish, sampling sites from the following five study basins had the greatest Hg contamination: Nevada Basin and Range, South Florida Basin, Sacramento River Basin (California), Santee River Basin and Caostal Drainages (South Carolina), and the Long Island and New Jersey Coastal Drainags. A sampling and analysis strategy based on this pilot study is planned for all USGS/NAWQA study units over the next decade.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","issn":"1081-292X","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Helsel, D., Wiener, J.G., and Echols, K.R., 2001, A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients\" Bioaccumulation in fish: Biological Science Report 2001-0009, iii, 25 p.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":11548,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0009/bsr20010009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495de4b0b290850ef1a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":248544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Echols, Kathy R. 0000-0003-2631-9143 kechols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-9143","contributorId":2799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"Kathy","email":"kechols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70175036,"text":"70175036 - 2001 - California's Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control can be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:07:54","indexId":"70175036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-05T06:15:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"California's Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control can be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture","docAbstract":"<p><span>Unlike conventional flood control systems that frequently isolate rivers from ecologically-essential floodplain habitat, California's Yolo Bypass has been engineered to allow Sacramento Valley floodwaters to inundate a broad floodplain. From a flood control standpoint, the 24,000 ha leveed floodplain has been exceptionally successful based on its ability to convey up to 80% of the flow of the Sacramento River basin during high water events. Agricultural lands and seasonal and permanent wetlands within the bypass provide key habitat for waterfowl migrating through the Pacific Flyway. Our field studies demonstrate that the bypass seasonally supports 42 fish species, 15 of which are native. The floodplain appears to be particularly valuable spawning and rearing habitat for the splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus), a federally-listed cyprinid, and for young chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), which use the Yolo Bypass as a nursery area. The system may also be an important source to the downstream food web of the San Francisco Estuary as a result of enhanced production of phytoplankton and detrital material. These results suggest that alternative flood control systems can be designed without eliminating floodplain function and processes, key goals of the 1996 Draft AFS Floodplain Management Position Statement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(2001)026<0006:CYB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Sommer, T., Harrell, B., Nobriga, M., Brown, R., Moyle, P., Kimmerer, W., and Schemel, L.E., 2001, California's Yolo Bypass: Evidence that flood control can be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture: Fisheries, v. 25, no. 6, p. 6-16, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2001)026<0006:CYB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4,\n              38.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              38.8\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              38\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db3ce4b0589fa1c7e741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommer, T.","contributorId":106703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrell, B.","contributorId":173204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrell","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nobriga, M.","contributorId":67284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nobriga","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R.","contributorId":101419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moyle, P.B.","contributorId":85734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kimmerer, W.","contributorId":38325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":643683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70004990,"text":"70004990 - 2001 - After site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T09:28:35","indexId":"70004990","displayToPublicDate":"2011-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"After site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies","docAbstract":"A survey of methods used by US state agencies for collecting and processing benthic macroinvertebrate samples from streams was conducted by questionnaire; 90 responses were received and used to describe trends in methods. The responses represented an estimated 13,000-15,000 samples collected and processed per year. Kicknet devices were used in 64.5% of the methods; other sampling devices included fixed-area samplers (Surber and Hess), artificial substrates (Hester-Dendy and rock baskets), grabs, and dipnets. Regional differences existed, e.g., the 1-m kicknet was used more often in the eastern US than in the western US. Mesh sizes varied among programs but 80.2% of the methods used a mesh size between 500 and 600 (mu or u)m. Mesh size variations within US Environmental Protection Agency regions were large, with size differences ranging from 100 to 700 (mu or u)m. Most samples collected were composites; the mean area sampled was 1.7 m<sup>2</sup>. Samples rarely were collected using a random method (4.7%); most samples (70.6%) were collected using \"expert opinion\", which may make data obtained operator-specific. Only 26.3% of the methods sorted all the organisms from a sample; the remainder subsampled in the laboratory. The most common method of subsampling was to remove 100 organisms (range = 100-550). The magnification used for sorting ranged from 1 (sorting by eye) to 30x, which results in inconsistent separation of macroinvertebrates from detritus. In addition to subsampling, 53% of the methods sorted large/rare organisms from a sample. The taxonomic level used for identifying organisms varied among taxa; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera were generally identified to a finer taxonomic resolution (genus and species) than other taxa. Because there currently exists a large range of field and laboratory methods used by state programs, calibration among all programs to increase data comparability would be exceptionally challenging. However, because many techniques are shared among methods, limited testing could be designed to evaluate whether procedural differences affect the ability to determine levels of environmental impairment using benthic macroinvertebrate communities.","language":"English","publisher":"North American Benthological Society","doi":"10.2307/1468095","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.L., and Resh, V.H., 2001, After site selection and before data analysis: sampling, sorting, and laboratory procedures used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring programs by USA state agencies: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 20, no. 4, p. 658-682, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468095.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"682","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":665,"text":"Western Region Center- Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":351781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Resh, Vincent H.","contributorId":12169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Resh","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224378,"text":"5224378 - 2001 - Seasonal habitat-use patterns of nekton in a tide-restricted and unrestricted New England salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5224378","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:52","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal habitat-use patterns of nekton in a tide-restricted and unrestricted New England salt marsh","docAbstract":"Many New England salt marshes remain tide-restricted or are undergoing tidal restoration. Hydrologic manipulation of salt marshes affects marsh biogeochemistry and vegetation patterns, but responses by fishes and decapod crustaceans (nekton) remain unclear, This study examines nekton habitat-use patterns in the tide-restricted Hatches Harbor salt marsh (Provincetown, Massachusetts) relative to a downstream, unrestricted marsh. Nekton assemblages were sampled in tidal creek, marsh pool, and salt marsh surface habitats. Pools and creeks were sampled every two weeks for one year to account for seasonal variability, and the marsh surface was sampled at two-week intervals in summer and fall. Density, richness, and community composition of nekton in creek and marsh surface habitats were similar between the unrestricted and restricted marsh, but use of pools differed drastically on the two sides of the tide-restricting dike. In 95% of the cases tested, restricted marsh habitats provided equal or greater habitat value for nekton than the same habitat in the unrestricted marsh (based on density), suggesting that the restricted marsh did not provide a degraded habitat for most species. For some species, the restricted marsh provided nursery, breeding, and overwintering habitat during different seasons, and tidal restoration of this salt marsh must be approached with care to prevent losses of these valuable marsh functions. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"6249_Raposa.pdf","usgsCitation":"Raposa, K., and Roman, C.T., 2001, Seasonal habitat-use patterns of nekton in a tide-restricted and unrestricted New England salt marsh: Wetlands, v. 21, no. 4, p. 451-461.","productDescription":"451-461","startPage":"451","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17456,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1672%2F0277-5212%282001%29021%5B0451%3ASHUPON%5D2.0.CO%3B2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5a78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raposa, K.B.","contributorId":104596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raposa","given":"K.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224067,"text":"5224067 - 2001 - Nest survival of forest birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T19:26:19.365031","indexId":"5224067","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:48","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest survival of forest birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"<p>In the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, flood control has led to a drastic reduction in the area of forest habitat and altered the patchwork of forest cover types. Silvicultural management of the remaining fragmented forests has changed to reflect the altered hydrology of the forests, current economic conditions of the area, and demand for forest products. Because forest type and silvicultural management impact forest birds, differences in avian productivity within these forests directly impact bird conservation. To assist in conservation planning, we evaluated daily nest survival, nest predation rates, and brood parasitism rates of forest birds in relation to different forest cover types and silvicultural management strategies within this floodplain. Within bottomland hardwood forests, nest success of blue-gray gnatcatcher (<i>Polioptila caerulea</i>, 13%), eastern towhee (<i>Pipilo erythrophthalmus</i>, 28%), indigo bunting (<i>Passerina cyanea</i>, 18%), northern cardinal (<i>Cardinalis cardinalis</i>, 22%), and yellow-billed cuckoo (<i>Coccyzus americanus</i>, 18%) did not differ from that within intensively managed cottonwood plantations. However, average daily survival of 542 open-cup nests of 19 bird species in bottomland hardwoods (0.9516 ± 0.0028, ∼27% nest success) was greater than that of 543 nests of 18 species in cottonwood plantations (0.9298 ± 0.0035, ∼15% nest success). Differences in daily nest survival rates likely resulted from a combination of differences in the predator community -- particularly fire ants (<i>Solenopsis invicta</i>) -- and a marked difference in species composition of birds breeding within these 2 forest types. At least 39% of nests in bottomland hardwood forests and 65% of nests in cottonwood plantations were depredated. Rates of parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (<i>Molothrus ater</i>) were greater in managed cottonwoods (24%) than in bottomland hardwoods (9%). Nest success in planted cottonwood plantations for 18 species combined (∼14%), and for yellow-breasted chat (<i>Icteria virens</i>, 7%), eastern towhee (14%), indigo bunting (14%), and northern cardinal (17%) did not differ from nest success in cottonwood plantations that were coppiced from root sprouts following pulpwood harvest. Within bottomland hardwood forests, uneven-aged group-selection timber harvest reduced the combined daily nest survival of all species from 0.958 to 0.938, which reduced nest success by about 14%. Specifically, timber harvest reduced nest success of species that nest in the forest midstory and canopy, such as Acadian flycatcher (<i>Empidonax virescens</i>), from 32% before harvest to 14% after harvest. Conversely, those species that nest primarily in the shrubby understory-such as northern cardinal-were not affected by timber harvest and maintained an overall nest success of about 33%. Thus, birds nesting in the understory of bottomland hardwood forests are not adversely impacted by selective timber harvest, but there is a short-term reduction in nest success for birds that nest in the canopy and midstory.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3803097","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., Wilson, R., Henne-Kerr, J.L., and Hamilton, R., 2001, Nest survival of forest birds in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 3, p. 450-460, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803097.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"450","endPage":"460","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, Mississippi","city":"Fitler","otherGeospatial":"Fitler Managed Forest, Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.55246206341717,\n              32.0909233425148\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.21051260052633,\n              32.0909233425148\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.21051260052633,\n              32.397559758072774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.55246206341717,\n              32.397559758072774\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.55246206341717,\n              32.0909233425148\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.149493146995,\n              32.612994872529214\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1300667898668,\n              32.58599433014554\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.05492946406068,\n              32.60488308146144\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0234202629159,\n              32.59314189349405\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.00160620058494,\n              32.6038621696778\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.99615268500266,\n              32.64009741134521\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.97676240737499,\n              32.72628845187593\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.04038675584023,\n              32.74922470001282\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.054323517885,\n              32.72424938860382\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0755316340397,\n              32.6829483263694\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.11629410972454,\n              32.6689064840042\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.15022709557265,\n              32.64288821897195\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.149493146995,\n              32.612994872529214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henne-Kerr, J. L.","contributorId":63121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henne-Kerr","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hamilton, R.B.","contributorId":63509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5224050,"text":"5224050 - 2001 - Flow and habitat effects on juvenile fish abundance in natural and altered flow regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-07T16:39:36.859746","indexId":"5224050","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow and habitat effects on juvenile fish abundance in natural and altered flow regimes","docAbstract":"Conserving biological resources native to large river systems increasingly depends on how flow-regulated segments of these rivers are managed.  Improving management will require a better understanding of linkages between river biota and temporal variability of flow and instream habitat.  However, few studies have quantified responses of native fish populations to multiyear (>2 yr) patterns of hydrologic or habitat variability in flow-regulated systems.  To provide these data, we quantified young-of-year (YOY) fish abundance during four years in relation to hydrologic and habitat variability in two segments of the Tallapoosa River in the southeastern United States.  One segment had an unregulated flow regime, whereas the other was flow-regulated by a peak-load generating hydropower dam.  We sampled fishes annually and explored how continuously recorded flow data and physical habitat simulation models (PHABSIM) for spring (April-June) and summer (July-August) preceding each sample explained fish abundances.  Patterns of YOY abundance in relation to habitat availability (median area) and habitat persistence (longest period with habitat area continuously above the long-term median area) differed between unregulated and flow-regulated sites.  At the unregulated site, YOY abundances were most frequently correlated with availability of shallow-slow habitat in summer (10 species) and persistence of shallow-slow and shallow-fast habitat in spring (nine species).  Additionally, abundances were negatively correlated with 1-h maximum flow in summer (five species).  At the flow-regulated site, YOY abundances were more frequently correlated with persistence of shallow-water habitats (four species in spring; six species in summer) than with habitat availability or magnitude of flow extremes.  The associations of YOY with habitat persistence at the flow-regulated site corresponded to the effects of flow regulation on habitat patterns.  Flow regulation reduced median flows during spring and summer, which resulted in median availability of shallow-water habitats comparable to the unregulated site.  However, habitat persistence was severely reduced by flow fluctuations resulting from pulsed water releases for peak-load power generation.  Habitat persistence, comparable to levels in the unregulated site, only occurred during summer when low rainfall or other factors occasionally curtailed power generation.  As a consequence, summer-spawning species numerically dominated the fish assemblage at the flow-regulated site; five of six spring-spawning species occurring at both study sites were significantly less abundant at the flow-regulated site.  Persistence of native fishes in flow-regulated systems depends, in part, on the seasonal occurrence of stable habitat conditions that facilitate reproduction and YOY survival.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0179:FAHEOJ]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M.C., Bowen, Z., Bovee, K., and Irwin, E., 2001, Flow and habitat effects on juvenile fish abundance in natural and altered flow regimes: Ecological Applications, v. 11, no. 1, p. 179-190, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0179:FAHEOJ]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"190","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Harris Dam, Harris Reservoir, Tallapoosa River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.92681884765624,\n              32.48428001059022\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.84167480468749,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.39398193359375,\n              32.55607364492026\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3363037109375,\n              32.93953889877841\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.16326904296874,\n              33.23639027157906\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.6441650390625,\n              33.74946419232578\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.81170654296875,\n              34.164090803573124\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.32806396484375,\n              34.023071367612125\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.6768798828125,\n              33.85673152928873\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.72906494140625,\n              33.66263917576218\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.792236328125,\n              33.463525475613785\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.06414794921875,\n              33.26395335923739\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.20147705078125,\n              32.89111950367499\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.13555908203125,\n              32.55144352864431\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.92681884765624,\n              32.48428001059022\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df58c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":340389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Z.H.","contributorId":81045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bovee, K.D.","contributorId":15954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irwin, E.R.","contributorId":90269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":69612,"text":"i2742 - 2001 - South Florida Everglades: satellite image map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:23","indexId":"i2742","displayToPublicDate":"2004-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2742","title":"South Florida Everglades: satellite image map","docAbstract":"These satellite image maps are one product of the USGS Land Characteristics from Remote Sensing project, funded through the USGS Place-Based Studies Program (http://access.usgs.gov/) with support from the Everglades National Park (http://www.nps.gov/ever/). The objective of this project is to develop and apply innovative remote sensing and geographic information system techniques to map the distribution of vegetation, vegetation characteristics, and related hydrologic variables through space and over time. The mapping and description of vegetation characteristics and their variations are necessary to accurately simulate surface hydrology and other surface processes in South Florida and to monitor land surface changes. As part of this research, data from many airborne and satellite imaging systems have been georeferenced and processed to facilitate data fusion and analysis. These image maps were created using image fusion techniques developed as part of this project.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2742","usgsCitation":"Jones, J., Thomas, J., and Desmond, G., 2001, South Florida Everglades: satellite image map: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2742, map, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2742.","productDescription":"map","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":6252,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/remote_sens/sflsatmap.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":187444,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4,25 ], [ -81.4,25.916666666666668 ], [ -80,25.916666666666668 ], [ -80,25 ], [ -81.4,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6db1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Jean-Claude","contributorId":58307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Jean-Claude","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desmond, G.B.","contributorId":35014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desmond","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44911,"text":"wri014122 - 2001 - Hydrologic and sedimentologic response of two burned watersheds in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:11","indexId":"wri014122","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4122","title":"Hydrologic and sedimentologic response of two burned watersheds in Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014122","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D.A., 2001, Hydrologic and sedimentologic response of two burned watersheds in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4122, 1 v. (138 p.) : ill., maps ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.) , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014122.","productDescription":"1 v. (138 p.) : ill., maps ; 28 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.) ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82249,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611793","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":1900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":52930,"text":"ofr01361 - 2001 - Selected hydrologic data for the field demonstration of three permeable reactive barriers near Fry Canyon, Utah, 1996-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T21:54:19.206074","indexId":"ofr01361","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-361","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the field demonstration of three permeable reactive barriers near Fry Canyon, Utah, 1996-2000","docAbstract":"Three permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) were installed near Fry Canyon, Utah, in August 1997 to demonstrate the use of PRBs to control the migration of uranium in ground water. Reactive material included (1) bone-char phosphate, (2) zero-valent iron pellets, and (3) amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide coated gravel. An extensive monitoring network was installed in and around each PRB for collection of water samples, analysis of selected water-quality parameters, and monitoring of water levels. Water temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh (oxidation-reduction potential), and dissolved oxygen were measured continuously within three different barrier materials, and in two monitoring wells. Water temperature and water level below land surface were electronically recorded every hour with pressure transducers. Data were collected from ground-water monitoring wells installed in and around the PRBs during 1996-98 and from surface-water sites in Fry Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr01361","usgsCitation":"Wilkowske, C.D., Rowland, R.C., and Naftz, D.L., 2001, Selected hydrologic data for the field demonstration of three permeable reactive barriers near Fry Canyon, Utah, 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-361, vii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01361.","productDescription":"vii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"111","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5017,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01361/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":407374,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54121.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Fry Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.1578,\n              37.6472\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1442,\n              37.6472\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1442,\n              37.6286\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1578,\n              37.6286\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1578,\n              37.6472\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkowske, Chris D.","contributorId":107360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Ryan C. rrowland@usgs.gov","contributorId":3606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Ryan","email":"rrowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":246257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44992,"text":"wri014233 - 2001 - Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T14:09:25","indexId":"wri014233","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4233","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2001","docAbstract":"<p>The Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas comprises dolomites, limestones, sandstones, and shales of Late Cambrian to Middle Devonian age, and ranges in thickness from approximately 1,100 feet to more than 4,000 feet. Hydrologically, the aquifer is complex, characterized by disconnected and extensive flow components with large variations in permeability.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The potentiometric-surface map, based on 84 well and 6 spring water-level measurements collected in 2001 in Arkansas, indicates maximum water-level altitudes of about 1,359 feet in Carroll County and minimum water-level altitudes of about 241 feet in Randolph County. Regionally, the flow within the aquifer is to the south and southeast in the eastern and central part of the study area and to the northwest and north in the western part of the study area. Comparing the 2001 potentiometric-surface map with a predevelopment potentiometric-surface map indicates general agreement between the two surfaces. Potentiometric-surface differences could be attributed to differences in pumping related to changing population from 1990 to 2000.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Little Rock, AR","doi":"10.3133/wri014233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the Arkansas Geological Commission","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., 2001, Potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in northern Arkansas, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4233, Report: iii, 11 p.; Plate: 16.33 x 9.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014233.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 11 p.; Plate: 16.33 x 9.72 inches","numberOfPages":"15","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":286657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286656,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4233/report.pdf"},{"id":286654,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4233/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,36.4997 ], [ -89.6468,33.0041 ], [ -94.6179,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c47b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44642,"text":"wri014097 - 2001 - Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:31:21.882127","indexId":"wri014097","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4097","title":"Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99","docAbstract":"<p>Data collected at three sites in Currituck Sound and three tributary sites between March 1, 1998, and February 28, 1999, were used to describe hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound. Water levels and salinity were measured at West Neck Creek at Pungo and at Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal near Princess Anne in Virginia, and at Coinjock, Bell Island, Poplar Branch, and Point Harbor in North Carolina. Flow velocity also was measured at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites.</p><p>The maximum water-level range during the study period was observed near the lower midpoint of Currituck Sound at Poplar Branch. Generally, water levels at all sites were highest during March and April, and lowest during November and December. Winds from the south typically produced higher water levels in Currituck Sound, whereas winds from the north typically produced lower water levels. Although wind over Currituck Sound is associated with fluctuations in water level within the sound, other mechanisms, such as the effects of wind on Albemarle Sound and on other water bodies south of Currituck Sound, likely affect low-frequency water-level variations in Currituck Sound.</p><p>Flow in West Neck Creek ranged from 313 cubic feet per second to the south to -227 cubic feet per second to the north (negative indicates flow to the north). Flow at the Coinjock site ranged from 15,300 cubic feet per second to the south to -11,700 cubic feet per second to the north. Flow was to the south 68 percent of the time at the West Neck Creek site and 44 percent of the time at the Coinjock site. Daily flow volumes were calculated as the sum of the instantaneous flow volumes. The West Neck Creek site had a cumulative flow volume to the south of 7.69 x 108 cubic feet for the period March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999; the Coinjock site had a cumulative flow volume to the north of -1.33 x 1010 cubic feet for the same study period.</p><p>Wind direction and speed influence flow at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites, whereas precipitation alone has little effect on flow at these sites. Flow at the West Neck Creek site is semidiurnal but is affected by wind direction and speed. Flow to the south (positive flow) was associated with wind speeds averaging more than 15 miles per hour from the northwest; flow to the north (negative flow) was associated with wind speeds averaging more than 15 miles per hour from the south and southwest. Flow at the Coinjock site reacted in a more unpredictable manner and was not affected by winds or tides in the same manner as West Neck Creek, with few tidal characteristics evident in the record.</p><p>Throughout the study period, maximum salinity exceeded 3.5 parts per thousand at all sites; however, mean and median salinities were below 3.5 parts per thousand at all sites except the Point Harbor site (3.6 and 4.2 parts per thousand, respectively) at the southern end of the sound. Salinities were less than or equal to 3.5 parts per thousand nearly 100 percent of the time at the Bell Island and Poplar Branch sites in Currituck Sound and about 86 percent of the time at the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal site north of the sound. Salinity at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites was less than or equal to 3.5 parts per thousand about 82 percent of the time.</p><p>During this study, prevailing winds from the north were associated with flow to the south and tended to increase salinity at the West Neck Creek and the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal sites. Conversely, these same winds tended to decrease salinity at the other sites. Prevailing winds from the south and southwest were associated with flow to the north and tended to increase salinity at the Poplar Branch and Point Harbor sites in Currituck Sound and at the Coinjock site, but these same winds tended to decrease salinity at the West Neck Creek and the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal sites. The greatest variations in salinity were observed at the northernmost site, West Neck Creek, and thesouthernmost site, Point Harbor. The least variation in salinity was observed at the upper midpoint of the sound at the Bell Island site.</p><p>Daily salt loads were computed for 364 days at the West Neck Creek site and 348 days at the Coinjock site from March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999. The cumulative salt load at West Neck Creek was 28,170 tons to the south, and the cumulative salt load at the Coinjock site was -872,750 tons to the north.</p><p>The cumulative salt load passing the West Neck Creek site during the study period would be 0.01 part per thousand if uniformly distributed throughout the sound (approximately 489,600 acre-feet in North Carolina). If the cumulative salt load passing the Coinjock site were uniformly distributed throughout the sound, the salinity in the sound would be 0.32 part per thousand. The net transport at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites indicates inflow of salt into the sound. A constant inflow of freshwater from tributaries and ground-water sources also occurs; however, the net flow volumes from these freshwater sources are not documented, and the significance of these freshwater inflows toward diluting the net import of salt into the sound is beyond the scope of this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Water Resources and the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, W.S., 2001, Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4097, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014097.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414753,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39866.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4097/wri20014097.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4097"},{"id":168827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4097/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Currituck Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.48406982421875,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48406982421875,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.54473876953125,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.54473876953125,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48406982421875,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center </a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data collection</li><li>Hydrologic characteristics</li><li>Salinity characteristics</li><li>Summary</li><li>References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6117d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, William Scott","contributorId":82773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28898,"text":"wri004261 - 2001 - Quantification of metal loads by tracer injection and synoptic sampling in Daisy Creek and the Stillwater River, Park County, Montana, August 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-27T19:01:14.558336","indexId":"wri004261","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4261","title":"Quantification of metal loads by tracer injection and synoptic sampling in Daisy Creek and the Stillwater River, Park County, Montana, August 1999","docAbstract":"A metal-loading study using tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling methods was conducted in Daisy Creek and a short reach of the Stillwater River during baseflow in August 1999 to quantify the metal inputs from acid rock drainage in the New World Mining District near Yellowstone National Park and to examine the downstream transport of these metals into the Stillwater River. Loads were calculated for many mainstem and inflow sites by combining streamflow determined using the tracer-injection method with concentrations of major ions and metals that were determined in synoptic water-quality samples.\r\n\r\nWater quality and aquatic habitat in Daisy Creek have been affected adversely by drainage derived from waste rock and adit discharge at the McLaren Mine as well as from natural weathering of pyrite-rich mineralized rock that comprises and surrounds the ore zones. However, the specific sources and transport pathways are not well understood. Knowledge of the main sources and transport pathways of metals and acid can aid resource managers in planning and conducting effective and cost-efficient remediation activities.\r\n\r\nThe metals cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc occur at concentrations that are sufficiently elevated to be potentially lethal to aquatic life in Daisy Creek and to pose a toxicity risk in part of the Stillwater River. Copper is of most concern in Daisy Creek because it occurs at higher concentrations than the other metals. Acidic surface inflows had dissolved concentrations as high as 20.6 micrograms per liter (?g/L) cadmium, 26,900 ?g/L copper, 76.4 ?g/L lead, and 3,000 ?g/L zinc. These inflows resulted in maximum dissolved concentrations in Daisy Creek of 5.8 ?g/L cadmium, 5,790 ?g/L copper, 3.8 ?g/L lead, and 848 ?g/L zinc.\r\n\r\nSignificant copper loading to Daisy Creek occurred only in the upper half of the stream. Sources included subsurface inflow and right-bank (mined side) surface inflows. Copper loads in left-bank (unmined side) surface inflows were negligible. Most (71 percent) of the total copper loading in the study reach occurred along a 341-foot reach near the stream?s headwaters. About 53 percent of the total copper load was contributed by five surface inflows that drain a manganese bog and the southern part of the McLaren Mine. Copper loading from subsurface inflow was substantial, contributing 46 percent of the total dissolved copper load to Daisy Creek. More than half of this subsurface copper loading occurred downstream from the reaches that received significant surface loading.\r\n\r\nFlow through the shallow subsurface appears to be the main copper-transport pathway from the McLaren Mine and surrounding altered and mineralized bedrock to Daisy Creek during base-flow conditions. Little is known about the source of acid and copper in this subsurface flow. However, possible sources include the mineralized rocks of Fisher Mountain upgradient of the McLaren Mine area, the surficial waste rock at the mine, and the underlying pyritic bedrock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004261","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D.A., and Cleasby, T., 2001, Quantification of metal loads by tracer injection and synoptic sampling in Daisy Creek and the Stillwater River, Park County, Montana, August 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4261, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004261.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34845.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Park County","otherGeospatial":"Daisey Creek, Stillwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110,\n              45.075\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              45.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.95,\n              45.05\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.95,\n              45.075\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              45.075\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a87e4b07f02db64eb06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, David A. dnimick@usgs.gov","contributorId":421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"David","email":"dnimick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cleasby, Thomas E. 0000-0003-0694-1541","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0694-1541","contributorId":21993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleasby","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45105,"text":"wri20004243 - 2001 - Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Rialto-Colton Basin, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"wri20004243","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4243","title":"Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Rialto-Colton Basin, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Rialto?Colton Basin, in western San Bernardino County, California, was chosen for storage of imported water because of the good quality of native ground water, the known storage capacity for additional ground-water storage in the basin, and the availability of imported water. To supplement native ground-water resources and offset overdraft conditions in the basin during dry periods, artificial-recharge operations during wet periods in the Rialto?Colton Basin were begun in 1982 to store surplus imported water. Local water purveyors recognized that determining the movement and ultimate disposition of the artificially recharged imported water would require a better understanding of the ground-water flow system.\r\n\r\nIn this study, a finite-difference model was used to simulate ground-water flow in the Rialto?Colton Basin to gain a better understanding of the ground-water flow system and to evaluate the hydraulic effects of artificial recharge of imported water. The ground-water basin was simulated as four horizontal layers representing the river- channel deposits and the upper, middle, and lower water-bearing units. Several flow barriers bordering and internal to the Rialto?Colton Basin influence the direction of ground-water flow. Ground water may flow relatively unrestricted in the shallow parts of the flow system; however, the faults generally become more restrictive at depth. A particle-tracking model was used to simulate advective transport of imported water within the ground-water flow system and to evaluate three artificial-recharge alternatives.\r\n\r\nThe ground-water flow model was calibrated to transient conditions for 1945?96. Initial conditions for the transient-state simulation were established by using 1945 recharge and discharge rates, and assuming no change in storage in the basin. Average hydrologic conditions for 1945?96 were used for the predictive simulations (1997?2027). Ground-water-level measurements made during 1945 were used for comparison with the initial-conditions simulation to determine if there was a reasonable match, and thus reasonable starting heads, for the transient simulation. The comparison between simulated head and measured water levels indicates that, overall, the simulated heads match measured water levels well; the goodness-of-fit value is 0.99. The largest differences between simulated head and measured water level occurred between Barrier H and the Rialto?Colton Fault. Simulated heads near the Santa Ana River and Warm Creek, and simulated heads northwest of Barrier J, generally are within 30 feet of measured water levels and five are within 20 feet.\r\n\r\nModel-simulated heads were compared with measured long-term changes in hydrographs of composite water levels in selected wells, and with measured short-term changes in hydrographs of water levels in multiple-depth observation wells installed for this project. Simulated hydraulic heads generally matched measured water levels in wells northwest of Barrier J (in the northwestern part of the basin) and in the central part of the basin during 1945?96. In addition, the model adequately simulated water levels in the southeastern part of the basin near the Santa Ana River and Warm Creek and east of an unnamed fault that subparallels the San Jacinto Fault. Simulated heads and measured water levels in the central part of the basin generally are within 10 feet until about 1982?85 when differences become greater. In the northwestern part of the basin southeast of Barrier J, simulated heads were as much as 50 feet higher than measured water levels during 1945?82 but matched measured water levels well after 1982. In the compartment between Barrier H and the Rialto?Colton Fault, simulated heads match well during 1945?82 but are comparatively low during 1982?96. Near the Santa Ana River and Warm Creek, simulated heads generally rose above measured water levels except during 1965?72 when simulated heads compared well with measured water levels.\r\n\r\nAverage ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20004243","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., and Koczot, K.M., 2001, Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Flow and Assessment of the Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Rialto-Colton Basin, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4243, viii, 148 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004243.","productDescription":"viii, 148 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10735,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,34 ], [ -117.5,34.25 ], [ -117.16666666666667,34.25 ], [ -117.16666666666667,34 ], [ -117.5,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6968d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45115,"text":"wri014070 - 2001 - Interaction of surface water and ground water in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:13:33","indexId":"wri014070","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4070","title":"Interaction of surface water and ground water in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014070","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Steele, G.V., Cannia, J.C., Hitch, D., Scripter, K., Böhlke, J., Kraemer, T.F., and Stanton, J., 2001, Interaction of surface water and ground water in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4070, vi, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014070.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":82268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122017,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4070/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Scotts Bluff County","otherGeospatial":"Dutch Flats","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-103.3605,42.0037],[-103.361,41.7442],[-103.3684,41.744],[-103.3681,41.7004],[-103.3681,41.6986],[-104.0522,41.6975],[-104.0522,41.7004],[-104.0525,41.998],[-104.0525,42.0024],[-103.9858,42.0018],[-103.8697,42.0021],[-103.6367,42.0025],[-103.5162,42.0027],[-103.3995,42.004],[-103.3605,42.0037]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Scotts Bluff\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0dc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, G. V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, J. C.","contributorId":105258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hitch, D.E.","contributorId":72425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitch","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scripter, K.G.","contributorId":59865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scripter","given":"K.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kraemer, T. F.","contributorId":63400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stanton, J.S.","contributorId":15243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":39907,"text":"ofr01295 - 2001 - Hydrologic data from Nation, Kandik, and Yukon rivers, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:17","indexId":"ofr01295","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-295","title":"Hydrologic data from Nation, Kandik, and Yukon rivers, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"Flow data were collected from two adjacent rivers in Yukon?Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska?the Nation River (during 1991?2000) and the Kandik River (1994?2000)?and from the Yukon River (1950?2000) at Eagle, Alaska, upstream from the boundary of the preserve. These flow records indicate that most of the runoff from these rivers occurs from May through September and that the average monthly discharge during this period ranges from 1,172 to 2,210 cubic feet per second for the Nation River, from 1,203 to 2,633 cubic feet per second for the Kandik River, and from 112,000 to 224,000 cubic feet per second for the Yukon River.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data were collected for the Nation River and several of its tributaries from 1991 to 1992 and for the Yukon River at Eagle from 1950 to 1994. Three tributaries to the Nation River (Waterfall Creek, Cathedral Creek, and Hard Luck Creek) have relatively high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. These three watersheds are underlain predominantly by Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks. The Yukon River transports 33,000,000 tons of suspended sediment past Eagle each year. Reflecting the inputs from its major tributaries, the water of the Yukon River at Eagle is dominated by calcium?magnesium bicarbonate.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01295","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 2001, Hydrologic data from Nation, Kandik, and Yukon rivers, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-295, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01295.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3612,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01-295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60779f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39957,"text":"ofr2001212 - 2001 - Hydrologic data for the Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund Site, Penobscot County, Corinna, Maine, March through June 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"ofr2001212","displayToPublicDate":"2002-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-212","title":"Hydrologic data for the Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund Site, Penobscot County, Corinna, Maine, March through June 1999","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected at the Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund Site, Corinna, Maine, from March 19, 1999 through June 11, 1999 as part of a study to formulate a geologic characterization and conceptual model of this study area. Data-collection consisted of measurements of water-surface elevations at 7 surface-water sites and 20 wells.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001212","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Nielsen, M.G., Dudley, R.W., and Parrish, C.S., 2001, Hydrologic data for the Eastland Woolen Mill Superfund Site, Penobscot County, Corinna, Maine, March through June 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-212, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001212.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","temporalStart":"1999-03-01","temporalEnd":"1999-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3651,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.water.usgs.gov/reports/OFR01-212.pdf","size":"870","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67742,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -69.26666666666667,44.901111111111106 ], [ -69.26666666666667,44.9175 ], [ -69.25027777777778,44.9175 ], [ -69.25027777777778,44.901111111111106 ], [ -69.26666666666667,44.901111111111106 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ec26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielsen, Martha G. 0000-0003-3038-9400 mnielsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3038-9400","contributorId":4169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Martha","email":"mnielsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Camille S.","contributorId":38211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Camille","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32956,"text":"fs11101 - 2001 - Ground-water studies in Fairbanks, Alaska: A better understanding of some of the United States' highest natural arsenic concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:59:06","indexId":"fs11101","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"111-01","title":"Ground-water studies in Fairbanks, Alaska: A better understanding of some of the United States' highest natural arsenic concentrations","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11101","usgsCitation":"Mueller, S., Goldfarb, R., and Verplanck, P., 2001, Ground-water studies in Fairbanks, Alaska: A better understanding of some of the United States' highest natural arsenic concentrations (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 111-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11101.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_111_01.jpg"},{"id":3120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0111-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.9364013671875,\n              64.78641339434937\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.55325317382812,\n              64.78641339434937\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.55325317382812,\n              64.87693823228865\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.9364013671875,\n              64.87693823228865\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.9364013671875,\n              64.78641339434937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Seth","contributorId":65441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Seth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Rich","contributorId":54264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Rich","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip","contributorId":41870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32957,"text":"fs12701 - 2001 - The effects of large-scale pumping and diversion on the water resources of Dane County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-25T14:32:03","indexId":"fs12701","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"127-01","title":"The effects of large-scale pumping and diversion on the water resources of Dane County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<div data-canvas-width=\"73.90878\">Throughout many parts of the U.S., there is growing concern over the effects of rapid urban growth and development on water resources. Ground- water and surface-water systems (which comprise the hydrologic system) are linked in much of Wisconsin, and ground water can be utilized both for drinking water and as a source of water for sustaining lakes, streams, springs, and wetlands. Ground water is important for surface-water systems because it commonly has greater dissolved solids and more acid-neutraliz- ing capacity than surface water or precipitation. The supplies of ground water are finite, however, and, in many cases ground water used for one purpose cannot be used for another. Moreover, ground-water use and withdrawal patterns may not be easy to alter once established. Thus, urban and rural planners are faced with decisions that balance the need for ground- water withdrawals while maintaining the quantity and quality of ground water for sustaining surface-water resources. Science-based information on the ground-water system and the connections to surface-water systems provides valuable insight for such decisions.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12701","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Bradbury, K.R., and Krohelski, J.T., 2001, The effects of large-scale pumping and diversion on the water resources of Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 127-01, 4 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12701.","productDescription":"4 p. ","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3121,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fs-127-01/fs-127-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/0127/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Crystal Lake, Fish Lake, Madison, Pheasant Branch Springs, Yahara Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dee8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, Kenneth R.","contributorId":49419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohelski, James T.","contributorId":52223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":32950,"text":"fs06301 - 2001 - Balancing Ground-Water Withdrawals and Streamflow in the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt Basin, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"fs06301","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"063-01","title":"Balancing Ground-Water Withdrawals and Streamflow in the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt Basin, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Ground water withdrawn for water supply reduces streamflow in the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt Basin in Rhode Island. These reductions may adversely affect aquatic habitats. A hydrologic model was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Rhode Island Water Resources Board, Town of North Kingstown, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, and Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation to aid water-resource planning in the basin. Results of the model provide information that helps water suppliers and natural-resource managers evaluate strategies for balancing ground-water development and streamflow reductions in the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs06301","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Dickerman, D.C., 2001, Balancing Ground-Water Withdrawals and Streamflow in the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt Basin, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 063-01, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06301.","productDescription":"6 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_063_01.jpg"},{"id":9499,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs063-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aaba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerman, David C.","contributorId":41047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33039,"text":"wri014269 - 2001 - Numerical simulation of streamflow distribution, sediment transport, and sediment deposition along Long Beach Creek in Northeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-18T21:50:31.868589","indexId":"wri014269","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4269","displayTitle":"Numerical Simulation of Streamflow Distribution, Sediment Transport, and Sediment Deposition along Long Branch Creek in Northeast Missouri","title":"Numerical simulation of streamflow distribution, sediment transport, and sediment deposition along Long Beach Creek in Northeast Missouri","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation to describe the hydrology, sediment transport, and sediment deposition along a selected reach of Long Branch Creek in Macon County, Missouri. The study was designed to investigate spatial and temporal characteristics of sediment deposition in a remnant forested riparian area and compare these factors by magnitude of discharge events both within and outside the measured range of flood magnitudes. </p><p>The two-dimensional finite-element numerical models RMA2-WES and SED2D-WES were used in conjunction with measured data to simulate streamflow and sediment transport/deposition characteristics during 2-, 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence interval floods. Spatial analysis of simulated sediment deposition results indicated that mean deposition in oxbows and secondary channels exceeded that of the remaining floodplain areas during the 2-, 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence interval floods. The simulated mass deposition per area for oxbows and secondary channels was 1.1 to 1.4 centimeters per square meter compared with 0.1 to 0.60 centimeters per square meter for the remaining floodplain. </p><p>The temporal variability of total incremental floodplain deposition during a flood was found to be strongly tied to sediment inflow concentrations. Most floodplain deposition, therefore, occurred at the beginning of the streamflow events and corresponded to peaks in sediment discharge. Simulated total sediment deposition in oxbows and secondary channels increased in the 2-year through 10-year floods and decreased in the 25- year flood while remaining floodplain deposition was highest for the 25-year flood. </p><p>Despite increases in sediment inflows from the 2-year through 25-year floods, the retention ratio of sediments (the ratio of floodplain deposition to inflow load) was greatest for the 5-year flood and least for the 25-year flood. The decrease in retention ratio at greater flows is likely the result of higher velocities on the floodplain, resulting in higher bed shear stress, greater suspension time of deposited material, and greater sediment transport through the system. </p><p>Simulated sediment deposition was most sensitive to sediment inflow concentrations and modification of floodplain roughness—factors that can be controlled through management practices. The increase in floodplain sediment deposition resulting from a simulated increase in vegetation density (increase in floodplain roughness from a Manning's n of 0.11 to 0.12) was 142,000 kilograms, or 6.5 percent for a 10-year recurrence interval flood. This increase was comparable to total oxbow and secondary channel deposition mass in the simulations, but would result in a mean increase in floodplain deposition thickness of only 0.025 centimeter. </p><p>The hydrodynamic model results show the importance of the secondary channels and meander cutoff channels in this system because these areas quickly bring floodwaters and sediment to areas not close to the main channel. The meander cutoff channels in the simulation also effectively decrease flow and velocities in some main channel sections thereby affecting sediment deposition in the vicinity of these features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014269","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., 2001, Numerical simulation of streamflow distribution, sediment transport, and sediment deposition along Long Beach Creek in Northeast Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4269, Report: vi, 61 p.; Films, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014269.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 61 p.; Films","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400788,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51426.htm"},{"id":360438,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4269/Films","text":"Films","description":"WRIR 2001–4269 Films"},{"id":360437,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4269/wrir20014269.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001–4269"},{"id":164388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4269/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Long Branch Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.4944,\n              39.8833\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4833,\n              39.8833\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4833,\n              39.8722\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4944,\n              39.8722\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4944,\n              39.8833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1400 Independence Road<br>Rolla, MO 65401</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Study Approach</li><li>Simulation of Streamflow Distribution</li><li>Simulation of Sediment Transport and Deposition</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69994e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":32346,"text":"ofr01307 - 2001 - Geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a brownfield redevelopment site in Canton, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:10","indexId":"ofr01307","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-307","title":"Geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a brownfield redevelopment site in Canton, Illinois","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental Operations, Inc., assisted in the characterization of the geology, hydrology, and water quality at a Brownfield redevelopment site in Canton, Illinois. The investigation was designed to determine if metals and organic compounds historically used in industrial operations at the site resulted in a threat to the water resources in the area. The hydraulic units of concern in the study area are the upper semiconfining unit, the sand aquifer, and the lower semiconfining unit. The upper semiconfining unit ranges from about 1 to 19 feet in thickness and is composed of silt-and clay deposits with a geometric mean vertical hydraulic conductivity of 7.1 ? 10-3 feet per day. The sand aquifer is composed of a 1 to 5.5 foot thick sand deposit and is considered the primary pathway for ground-water flow and contaminant migration from beneath the study area. The geometric mean of the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the sand aquifer was calculated to be 1.8 feet per day. The direction of flow in the sand aquifer is to the east, south, and west, away from a ground-water ridge that underlies the center of the site. Ground-water velocity through the sand aquifer ranges from 7.3 ? 10-2 to 2.7 ? 10-1 feet per day. The lower semiconfining unit is composed of sandy silt-and-clay deposits with a geometric mean vertical hydraulic conductivity of 1.1 ? 10-3 feet per day.\r\nVolatile organic compounds were detected in ground water beneath the study area. Pesticide compounds were detected in ground water in the western part of the study area. Partial or complete degradation of some of the volatile organic and pesticide compounds is occurring in the soils and ground water beneath the study area. Concentrations of most of the metals and major cations in the ground water show some variation within the study area and may be affected by the presence of a source area, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, precipitation-dissolution reactions, and ion exchange reactions. Antimony, thallium, and 1,1-dichloroethane were detected in water samples from one well each at concentrations above their respective U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01307","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Cornue, D.B., and Ursic, J.R., 2001, Geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a brownfield redevelopment site in Canton, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-307, 32 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01307.","productDescription":"32 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3327,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=OFR&number=01-307","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0307/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60355,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cornue, David B.","contributorId":107751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornue","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ursic, James R.","contributorId":14863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ursic","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}