Alaska hosts within its borders over 80 major volcanic centers that have erupted during Holocene time (< 10,000 years). At least 29 of these volcanic centers (table 1) had historical eruptions and 12 additional volcanic centers may have had historical eruptions. Historical in Alaska generally means the period since 1760 when explorers, travelers, and inhabitants kept written records. These 41 volcanic centers have been the source for >265 eruptions reported from Alaska volcanoes.
With the exception of Wrangell volcano, all the centers are in, or near, the Aleutian volcanic arc, which extends 2500 km from Hayes volcano 145 km west of Anchorage in the Alaska-Aleutian Range to Buldir Island in the western Aleutian Islands (fig. 1). The volcanic arc, a subduction-related feature associated with underthrusting of the Pacific plate beneath the North American plate is divided between oceanic island arc and continental margin segments, the boundary occurring at about 165° W longitude (fig. 1). An additional 7 volcanic centers in the Aleutian arc (table 2; fig. 1 A) have active fumarole fields but no reported historical eruptions.
This report discusses the location, physiography and structure, eruptive history, and geology of those volcanoes in Alaska that have experienced one or more eruptions that have been recorded in the written history (i.e., in historical time). It is part of the group of catalogs entitled Catalogue of Active Volcanoes of the World published beginning in 1951 under the auspices of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). A knowledge of the information contained in such catalogs aids in understanding the type and scale of activity that might be expected during a particular eruption, the hazards the eruption may pose, and even the prediction of eruptions. The catalog will thus be of value not only to the inhabitants of Alaska but to government agencies concerned with emergency response, air traffic operations, and weather, as well as to industry and scientists. The combination of the hazard posed by volcanic ash to jet aircraft and the heavy use of international air routes located parallel to, and on either side of, the Aleutian volcanic arc means that even remote volcanoes in Alaska now pose significant hazards to life and property.
Although this report is concerned with historical eruptions from Alaskan volcanoes, other volcanoes in Alaska have erupted in the past 10,000 years and might therefore be expected to erupt again. Several Holocene volcanic centers in the Aleutian arc have no reported historical activity. Elsewhere in Alaska the Bering Sea basalt fields cover large areas of the Yukon Delta, Seward Peninsula, and several of the islands of the Bering Sea. Holocene centers also occur in the Wrangell Mountains and in isolated occurrences in the interior and southeastern Alaska. Eruptions from these centers have occurred within the past several hundred years but none were transcribed in the written record. Moodie and others (1992), however, report oral traditions among the Northern Athapaskan Indians of the southwestern Yukon Territory that may record the second and younger deposition of the White River Ash circa A.D. 720. This lobe of the White River Ash was deposited during the paroxysmal eruption of Churchill volcano in the Wrangell Mountains of eastcentral Alaska (McGimsey and others, 1992; Richter and others, 1995).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98582","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.P., McGimsey, R.G., Richter, D., Riehle, J., Nye, C., Yount, M.E., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1998, Catalog of the historically active volcanoes of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-582, v, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98582.","productDescription":"v, 104 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0582/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51198,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0582/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -184.1748046875,\n 51.15178610143037\n ],\n [\n -138,\n 51.15178610143037\n ],\n [\n -138,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -184.1748046875,\n 64\n ],\n [\n -184.1748046875,\n 51.15178610143037\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7088","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, T. P.","contributorId":49345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, D.H.","contributorId":43325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nye, C.J.","contributorId":42734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nye","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yount, M. E.","contributorId":76748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"M.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":23003,"text":"ofr98642 - 1998 - Drilling and construction information for well 8-0339-01, South Point Tank exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr98642","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-642","title":"Drilling and construction information for well 8-0339-01, South Point Tank exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98642","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ewart, C., 1998, Drilling and construction information for well 8-0339-01, South Point Tank exploratory well, Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-642, iv, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98642.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0642/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52392,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0642/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635641","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23075,"text":"ofr98562 - 1998 - Mean annual streamflow at reference-stream sites in three ecological subregions of Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr98562","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-562","title":"Mean annual streamflow at reference-stream sites in three ecological subregions of Massachusetts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98562","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Friesz, P., and Ries, K., 1998, Mean annual streamflow at reference-stream sites in three ecological subregions of Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-562, iii, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98562.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0562/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52443,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0562/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6107af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesz, P.J.","contributorId":41041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ries, Kernell G. III kries@usgs.gov","contributorId":1913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ries","given":"Kernell G.","suffix":"III","email":"kries@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":189392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38147,"text":"ofr98219A - 1998 - Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T15:00:53.172265","indexId":"ofr98219A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-219","chapter":"A","title":"Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation","docAbstract":"The Payette National Forest (PNF), in west-central Idaho, is geologically diverse and contains a wide variety of mineral resources. Mineral deposit types are grouped into locatable, leasable, and salable categories. The PNF has substantial past production and identified resources of locatable commodities, including gold, silver, copper, zinc, tungsten, antimony, mercury, and opal. Minor lignitic coal is the only leasable mineral resource known to be present in the PNF. Resources of salable commodities in the PNF include sand-and-gravel, basalt for crushed-rock aggregate, and minor gypsum.
\nLocatable mineral resources are geographically divided between eastern and western parts of the PNF. The western PNF lies west of the Riggins-to-Cascade highway (US 95 - Idaho 55), and the eastern PNF is east of that highway. The western and eastern parts of the PNF are geologically distinctive and have different types of locatable mineral deposits, so their locatable mineral resources are described separately. Within the western and eastern parts of the PNF, locatable deposit types generally are described in order of decreasing geologic age.
\nAn expert panel delineated tracts considered geologically permissive and (or) favorable for the occurrence of undiscovered mineral deposits of types that are known to be present within or near the PNF. The panel also estimated probabilities for undiscovered deposits, and used numerical simulation, based on tonnage-grade distribution models, to derive estimates of in-situ metals contained. These estimates are summarized in terms of mean and median measures of central tendency. Most grade and tonnage distributions appear to be log-normal, with the median lower than the mean. Inasmuch as the mean is influenced by the largest deposits in the model tonnage-grade distribution, the median provides a lower measure of central tendency and a more conservative estimation of undiscovered resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98219A","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Bookstrom, A.A., Johnson, B.R., Cookro, T.M., Lund, K., Watts, K., King, H.D., Kleinkopf, M.D., Pitkin, J.A., Sanchez, J.D., and Causey, J.D., 1998, Potential mineral resources, Payette National Forest, Idaho: Description and probabilistic estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-219, Report: 180 p.; Readme; 2 Metadata files; Complete digital package; Dataset; Additional dataset; Additional files; 2 Map files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98219A.","productDescription":"Report: 180 p.; Readme; 2 Metadata files; Complete digital package; Dataset; Additional dataset; Additional files; 2 Map files","numberOfPages":"270","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284335,"rank":10,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98219A.jpg"},{"id":3458,"rank":11,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64408,"rank":12,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/readme.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284327,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfmines.met"},{"id":284326,"rank":8,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfdepmod.met"},{"id":284328,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pdf/of98-219a.pdf"},{"id":284329,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnf.tar.Z"},{"id":284330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/covers.e00.tar.Z"},{"id":284331,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/more.e00.tar.Z"},{"id":284332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfmines.e00.Z"},{"id":284333,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfplate.hp.Z"},{"id":284334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0219a/pnfplate.eps.Z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Payette National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.04,44.4219 ], [ -117.04,45.5697 ], [ -114.547,45.5697 ], [ -114.547,44.4219 ], [ -117.04,44.4219 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bookstrom, Arthur A. 0000-0003-1336-3364 abookstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-3364","contributorId":1542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bookstrom","given":"Arthur","email":"abookstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Bruce R.","contributorId":100009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cookro, Theresa M.","contributorId":47808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cookro","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth C.","contributorId":101180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, Harley D. hking@usgs.gov","contributorId":4046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Harley","email":"hking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kleinkopf, Merlin D.","contributorId":76643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleinkopf","given":"Merlin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pitkin, James A.","contributorId":96651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitkin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanchez, J. David","contributorId":40511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanchez","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Causey, J. Douglas","contributorId":41398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":24064,"text":"ofr98531 - 1998 - Modeling approaches for assessing the risk of nonpoint-source contamination of ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr98531","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-531","title":"Modeling approaches for assessing the risk of nonpoint-source contamination of ground water","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98531","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Nolan, B.T., 1998, Modeling approaches for assessing the risk of nonpoint-source contamination of ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-531, iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98531.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0531/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53238,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0531/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6999f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nolan, B. T.","contributorId":21565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":191250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24063,"text":"ofr98754 - 1998 - Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the circum-north Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr98754","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-754","title":"Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the circum-north Pacific","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98754","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Nokleberg, W., Parfenov, J., Norton, I., Khanchuk, A., Stone, D., Scholl, D., and Fujita, K., 1998, Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the circum-north Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-754, 125 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98754.","productDescription":"125 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0754/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0754/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db68792f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nokleberg, W. J. 0000-0002-1574-8869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":68312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parfenov, J.W.","contributorId":23176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parfenov","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norton, I.O.","contributorId":10834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"I.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Khanchuk, A.I.","contributorId":99588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khanchuk","given":"A.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stone, D.B.","contributorId":17266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scholl, D.W.","contributorId":106461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fujita, Kazuya","contributorId":15654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujita","given":"Kazuya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":23527,"text":"ofr98794 - 1998 - The probability of lava inundation at the proposed and existing Kulani prison sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr98794","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-794","title":"The probability of lava inundation at the proposed and existing Kulani prison sites","docAbstract":"The State of Hawai`i has proposed building a 2,300-bed medium-security prison about 10 km downslope from the existing Kulani medium-security correctional facility. The proposed and existing facilities lie on the northeast rift zone of Mauna Loa, which last erupted in 1984 in this same general area. We use the best available geologic mapping and dating with GIS software to estimate the average recurrence interval between lava flows that inundate these sites. Three different methods are used to adjust the number of flows exposed at the surface for those flows that are buried to allow a better representation of the recurrence interval. Probabilities are then computed, based on these recurrence intervals, assuming that the data match a Poisson distribution. The probability of lava inundation for the existing prison site is estimated to be 11- 12% in the next 50 years. The probability of lava inundation for the proposed sites B and C are 2- 3% and 1-2%, respectively, in the same period. The probabilities are based on estimated recurrence intervals for lava flows, which are approximately proportional to the area considered. The probability of having to evacuate the prison is certainly higher than the probability of lava entering the site. Maximum warning times between eruption and lava inundation of a site are estimated to be 24 hours for the existing prison site and 72 hours for proposed sites B and C. Evacuation plans should take these times into consideration.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98794","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., Trusdell, F., and Heliker, C., 1998, The probability of lava inundation at the proposed and existing Kulani prison sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-794, 21 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98794.","productDescription":"21 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1588,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/products/OF98794/OF98794toc.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0794/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52816,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0794/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641a74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trusdell, F. A.","contributorId":57471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23645,"text":"ofr98767 - 1998 - Table-top earthquakes; a demonstration of seismology for teachers and students that can be used to augment lessons in earth science, physics, math, social studies, geography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T12:34:51","indexId":"ofr98767","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-767","title":"Table-top earthquakes; a demonstration of seismology for teachers and students that can be used to augment lessons in earth science, physics, math, social studies, geography","docAbstract":"The apparatus consists of a heavy object that is dragged steadily with an elastic cord. Although pulled with a constant velocity, the heavy object repeatedly slides and then stops. A small vibration sensor, attached to a computer display, graphically monitors this intermittent motion. 2 This intermittent sliding motion mimics the intermittent fault slippage that characterizes the earthquake fault zones. In tectonically active regions, the Earth's outer brittle shell, which is about 50 km thick, is slowly deformed elastically along active faults. As the deformation increases, stress also increases, until fault slippage releases the stored elastic energy. This process is called elastic rebound. Detailed instructions are given for assembly and construction of this demonstration. Included are suggested sources for the vibration sensor (geophone) and the computer interface. Exclusive of the personal computer, the total cost is between $125 and $150. I gave a talk at the Geological Society of America's Cordilleran Section Centennial meeting on June 2, 1999. The slides show how this table-top demonstration can be used to help meet many of the K-12 teaching goals described in Benchmarks for Science Literacy (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1993).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98767","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lahr, J., 1998, Table-top earthquakes; a demonstration of seismology for teachers and students that can be used to augment lessons in earth science, physics, math, social studies, geography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-767, 14 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98767.","productDescription":"14 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0767/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0767/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52914,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0767/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687830","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahr, J.C.","contributorId":34892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24265,"text":"ofr98522 - 1998 - Diatom paleoecology Pass Key core 37, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr98522","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-522","title":"Diatom paleoecology Pass Key core 37, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay","docAbstract":"During the 20th century, there have been large-scale anthropogenic modifications to the South Florida ecosystem. The effects of these changes on Florida Bay and its biological communities are currently of political and scientific interest. This study is part of a larger effort to reconstruct the history of environmental changes in the bay, using paleoecological techniques. We are using diatom indicators preserved in Florida Bay sediments to infer long-term water quality, productivity, nutrient, and salinity changes. We are also obtaining information concerning the natural variability of the ecosystem. \r\n\r\nDiatoms are microscopic algae, the remains of which are generally well preserved in sediments, and their distributions are closely linked to water quality. Diatoms were extracted from a 70-cm sediment core collected from the Pass Key mudbank of Florida Bay by the U.S. Geological Survey. Between 300-500 diatom valves from each of 15 core samples were identified and counted. Estimates of absolute abundance, species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and centric:pennate ratios were calculated for each sample that was counted. Information on the ecology of the diatom species is presented, and changes in diatom community composition are evaluated. \r\n\r\nSamples contained an average of four million diatom valves per gram of sediment. Major changes in the diatom community are evident down core. These include increases in the percent abundance of marine diatoms in the time period represented by the core, probably the result of increasing salinity at Pass Key. Benthic diatoms become less abundant in the top half of the core. This may be related to a number of factors including the die-off of sea grass beds or increased turbidity of the water column. \r\n\r\nOnce the chronology of the Pass Key core 37 is established, these down-core changes can be related to historical events and compared with other indicators in the sedimentary record that are currently being investigated by U.S Geological Survey researchers. \r\n\r\nThis report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98522","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Pyle, L., Cooper, S.R., and Huvane, J., 1998, Diatom paleoecology Pass Key core 37, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-522, 37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98522.","productDescription":"37 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1653,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr98522.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65db15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyle, Laura","contributorId":67545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, S. R.","contributorId":104092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huvane, J.K.","contributorId":70009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huvane","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23268,"text":"ofr98567 - 1998 - Temperature, pH, conductance, and dissolved oxygen in cross sections of 11 Lake Michigan tributaries, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-15T13:29:26","indexId":"ofr98567","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-567","title":"Temperature, pH, conductance, and dissolved oxygen in cross sections of 11 Lake Michigan tributaries, 1994-95","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98567","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation With the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Great Lakes National Program Office and Region V, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin Water Chemistry Program","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., Behrendt, T., and Hughes, P., 1998, Temperature, pH, conductance, and dissolved oxygen in cross sections of 11 Lake Michigan tributaries, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-567, iv, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98567.","productDescription":"iv, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":52554,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0567/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0567/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan,Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -83.8037109375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -88.76953125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6856cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, T.E.","contributorId":27887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, P.E.","contributorId":104083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24160,"text":"ofr98771 - 1998 - Surficial geology and neotectonics of selected areas of western Idaho and northeastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr98771","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-771","title":"Surficial geology and neotectonics of selected areas of western Idaho and northeastern Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\n[Books and Open-file Reports Section, distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98771","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Personius, S., 1998, Surficial geology and neotectonics of selected areas of western Idaho and northeastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-771, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98771.","productDescription":"26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0771/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0771/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688c5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Personius, S. F. 0000-0001-8347-7370","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":31408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"S. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23006,"text":"ofr98641 - 1998 - Drilling, construction, geologic, and caliper logs for well 8-4010-01, Kaumana exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr98641","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-641","title":"Drilling, construction, geologic, and caliper logs for well 8-4010-01, Kaumana exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98641","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ewart, C., 1998, Drilling, construction, geologic, and caliper logs for well 8-4010-01, Kaumana exploratory well, Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-641, iv, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98641.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0641/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52395,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0641/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22956,"text":"ofr98778 - 1998 - The use of well-production data in quantifying gas-reservoir heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr98778","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-778","title":"The use of well-production data in quantifying gas-reservoir heterogeneity","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\n[Books and Open-file Reports Section, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98778","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., and Schmoker, J., 1998, The use of well-production data in quantifying gas-reservoir heterogeneity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-778, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98778.","productDescription":"16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0778/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0778/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f548","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22780,"text":"ofr98633 - 1998 - Synthetic organic compounds in water and bottom sediment from streams, detention basins, and sewage-treatment plant outfalls in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr98633","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-633","title":"Synthetic organic compounds in water and bottom sediment from streams, detention basins, and sewage-treatment plant outfalls in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, 1997","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98633","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Covay, K., and Leiker, T., 1998, Synthetic organic compounds in water and bottom sediment from streams, detention basins, and sewage-treatment plant outfalls in Las Vegas Valley, Nevada, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-633, iii, 15 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98633.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0633/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52210,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0633/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covay, K.J.","contributorId":44948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covay","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leiker, T.J.","contributorId":96719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leiker","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23004,"text":"ofr98643 - 1998 - Drilling, construction, and caliper logs for well 8-3207-04, Mountain View exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr98643","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-643","title":"Drilling, construction, and caliper logs for well 8-3207-04, Mountain View exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98643","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ewart, C., 1998, Drilling, construction, and caliper logs for well 8-3207-04, Mountain View exploratory well, Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-643, v, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98643.","productDescription":"v, 13 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0643/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52393,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0643/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635681","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23005,"text":"ofr98644 - 1998 - Drilling, construction, caliper-log, aquifer-test, and water-quality data for well 8-0437-01, Waiohinu exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr98644","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-644","title":"Drilling, construction, caliper-log, aquifer-test, and water-quality data for well 8-0437-01, Waiohinu exploratory well, Island of Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98644","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ewart, C., 1998, Drilling, construction, caliper-log, aquifer-test, and water-quality data for well 8-0437-01, Waiohinu exploratory well, Island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-644, iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98644.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0644/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52394,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0644/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewart, C.J.","contributorId":76339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24823,"text":"ofr98492 - 1998 - At risk volcano hazards from Mount Hood, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr98492","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-492","title":"At risk volcano hazards from Mount Hood, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98492","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wessells, S., and Matrazzo, D., 1998, At risk volcano hazards from Mount Hood, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-492, 1 videocassette (14 min.) :sd., col. and b & w ;1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98492.","productDescription":"1 videocassette (14 min.) :sd., col. and b & w ;1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c7df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wessells, Steve","contributorId":93332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wessells","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matrazzo, Donna","contributorId":65327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matrazzo","given":"Donna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24254,"text":"ofr98758 - 1998 - Implications of hydrocarbons in carbonaceous metamorphic and hydrothermal ore-deposit rocks as related to the hydrolytic disproportionation of organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr98758","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-758","title":"Implications of hydrocarbons in carbonaceous metamorphic and hydrothermal ore-deposit rocks as related to the hydrolytic disproportionation of organic matter","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\n[Branch of Information Services, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98758","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Price, L., DeWitt, E., and Desborough, G.A., 1998, Implications of hydrocarbons in carbonaceous metamorphic and hydrothermal ore-deposit rocks as related to the hydrolytic disproportionation of organic matter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-758, 127 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98758.","productDescription":"127 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0758/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53383,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0758/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5fff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23224,"text":"ofr98766 - 1998 - Slope maps of the San Francisco Bay region, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T19:44:08.341724","indexId":"ofr98766","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-766","title":"Slope maps of the San Francisco Bay region, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"PREFACE: \r\n\r\nTopography, the configuration of the land surface, plays a major role in various natural processes \r\nthat have helped shape the ten-county San Francisco Bay region and continue to affect its \r\ndevelopment. Such processes include a dangerous type of landslide, the debris flow (Ellen and\r\nothers, 1997) as well as other modes of slope failure that damage property but rarely threaten life \r\ndirectly?slumping, translational sliding, and earthflow (Wentworth and others, 1997). Different \r\ntypes of topographic information at both local and regional scales are helpful in assessing the \r\nlikelihood of slope failure and the mapping the extent of its past activity, as well as addressing \r\nother issues in hazard mitigation and land-use policy. The most useful information is quantitative. \r\nThis report provides detailed digital data and plottable map files that depict in detail the most \r\nimportant single measure of ground-surface form for the Bay region, slope angle. We computed \r\nslope data for the entire region and each of its constituent counties from a new set of 35,000,000 \r\ndigital elevations assembled from 200 local contour maps.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98766","usgsCitation":"Graham, S.E., and Pike, R.J., 1998, Slope maps of the San Francisco Bay region, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-766, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98766.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394898,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74152.htm"},{"id":1347,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-766/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.17321777343749,\n 37.13842453422676\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 37.13842453422676\n ],\n [\n -121.65710449218749,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -123.17321777343749,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -123.17321777343749,\n 37.13842453422676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f0e4b07f02db5ee238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Scott E. sgraham@usgs.gov","contributorId":2907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Scott","email":"sgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}