MOC3D is a general-purpose computer model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for simulation of three-dimensional solute transport in ground water (Konikow and others, 1996). The model is an update to the widely used USGS two-dimensional solute-transport model (MOC) and is implemented as an optional “package” for the ground-water flow model MODFLOW (Harbaugh and McDonald, 1996). Directly coupling the time-tested MOC transport algorithms with the widely used MODFLOW program makes MOC3D a powerful tool for simulation of solute transport in ground water in many hydrogeologic settings. The model simulates transport processes that include:
Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Long-term records from five streamflow-gaging stations within and near the 300-square mile Beaver Kill Basin were analyzed to determine whether construction and presence of New York State Route 17 (NY 17), which was completed in the late 1960's, could have altered hydrologic processes in the basin and thereby adversely affected the basin's trout populations. The hypothesis investigated is that NY 17 has altered surface-water and shallow ground-water flowpaths where it parallels the stream and has increased runoff rates and thereby (1) increased the range in stream discharge (prolonged the base flows, decreased the low flows, and increased the high flows), and (2) altered stream-channel morphology through increased volume and velocity of stormflows.
\nAnalyses of base flows, discharge-duration curves, stage-to-discharge relations, peak and bankfull discharges, and flow extremes at a downstream (Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls) and a small tributary (Little Beaver Kill at Livingston Manor) site provide only limited evidence that NY 17 affected hydrologic processes within the basin. These effects are best indicated by significant increases in the magnitude and (or) the frequency of moderate to large discharges (exceedence probabilities) on an instantaneous basis at the Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls site after 1965. Increases in stormflows can not be attributed solely to NY 17, however, because the trend was evident long before NY 17 was constructed. Changes in land use in parts of the watershed may have contributed to gradual and continuous increases in stormflows throughout the entire 80 (plus) years of record.
\nChanges in most base-flow and low-flow statistics for the downstream (Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls) site after 1965 are not statistically significant, but, changes in flow-duration curves and annual peak flows are evident. Flow-duration curves at this site indicate that there is a 16 percent increase in average daily flows after 1965. Annual peak flow data indicate that peak flows from storms recurring at 2-year (and longer) intervals after 1965 are significantly larger than those that recur at the same frequencies before 1965. The lack of comparable increases in peak flows from several nearby reference sites after 1965 indicate that the observed increases in peak flows may be unique to the Beaver Kill Basin.
\nFlow-duration curves and many base-flow and high-flow statistics for the small tributary paralleled by NY 17 in the in the upper reaches of the basin (Little Beaver Kill at Livingston Manor) appear to be considerably altered since NY 17 was constructed. Flow-duration curves at this site indicate that there is about a 54 percent increase in average daily flows after 1965. Increases in the ratio of average annual base flow to average annual flow until 1965 then subsequent decreases suggest an extreme affect of NY 17 on hydrology of the subbasin. The effect of NY 17 on hydrology of the Little Beaver Kill subbasin cannot be defined with certainty, however, because the flow record after 1965 is too short; discharge monitoring was discontinued in 1981.
\nThe increases in peak stormflows in the lower Beaver Kill basin through the period of record may have increased the rates of bed-sediment erosion (degradation) and deposition and accelerated changes in stream-channel morphology, however, these possible effects were not examined. Suggestions for further investigation of the effects of NY 17 and of other factors on hydrology, channel morphology, fish habitat, and fish populations in the Beaver Kill Basin include (1) addition of streamflow gages or a creststage gage network at critical locations, (2) a review of engineering records and other aerial photographs for indications of changes in channel morphology, (3) compilation of temperature data and modeling spatial extent and magnitude of stressful summer temperatures (to selected trout species), and (4) confirming the extent and severity of toxic thermal episodes using in-situ fish toxicity tests.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9865","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Rockland","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., 1999, Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-65, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9865.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0065/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":51805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0065/ofr19980065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"277 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-0065"}],"contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Despite a decreasing trend in acidic deposition rates over the past two to three decades, acidified surface waters in the northeastern United States have shown minimal changes. Depletion of soil Ca pools has been suggested as a cause, although changes in soil Ca pools have not been directly related to long-term records of stream chemistry. To investigate this problem, a comprehensive watershed study was conducted in the Neversink River Basin, in the Catskill Mountains of New York, during 1991–1996. Spatial variations of atmospheric deposition, soil chemistry, and stream chemistry were evaluated over an elevation range of 817–1234 m to determine whether these factors exhibited elevational patterns. An increase in atmospheric deposition of SO4 with increasing elevation corresponded with upslope decreases of exchangeable soil base concentrations and acid-neutralizing capacity of stream water. Exchangeable base concentrations in homogeneous soil incubated within the soil profile for one year also decreased with increasing elevation. An elevational gradient in precipitation was not observed, and effects of a temperature gradient on soil properties were not detected. Laboratory leaching experiments with soils from this watershed showed that (1) concentrations of Ca in leachate increased as the concentrations of acid anions in added solution increased, and (2) the slope of this relationship was positively correlated with base saturation. Field and laboratory soil analyses are consistent with the interpretation that decreasing trends in acid-neutralizing capacity in stream water in the Neversink Basin, dating back to 1984, are the result of decreases in soil base saturation caused by acidic deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1059:SCSATR]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., David, M.B., Lovett, G., Murdoch, P., Burns, D.A., Stoddard, J.L., Baldigo, B., Porter, J., and Thompson, A., 1999, Soil calcium status and the response of stream chemistry to changing acidic deposition rates: Ecological Applications, v. 9, no. 3, p. 1059-1072, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1999)009[1059:SCSATR]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1059","endPage":"1072","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91eee4b08c986b319bb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, Mark B.","contributorId":43255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35161,"text":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovett, Gary M.","contributorId":85990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovett","given":"Gary M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stoddard, John L.","contributorId":204101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoddard","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36841,"text":"US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Western Ecology Division","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Porter, J.H.","contributorId":76483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thompson, A.W.","contributorId":12643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":5065,"text":"fs05699 - 1999 - Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-24T15:00:14","indexId":"fs05699","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"056-99","title":"Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"During the past 25 years, industry and government have made large financial investments in manufacturing, processing, and wastewater-treatment facilities to reduce the amount of contaminants being discharged. Although these investments have led to improved water quality across the Nation, concerns about the effects of nutrients, toxins, and pathogens on human health and that of ecological communities remain. To address the need for consistent and scientifically sound information for managing the Nation's water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey began the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program in 1991. This program is unique in that it integrates surface- and ground-water-quality monitoring with the study of aquatic ecosystems. The goals of the NAWQA program are to (1) describe current water-quality conditions for a large part of the Nation's freshwater streams and aquifers (water-bearing sediments and rocks), (2) describe how water quality is changing over time, and (3) increase our understanding of the natural and human factors that affect water quality (Leahy and others, 1990, Gilliom and others, 1995).
\nAssessing the quality of water in every location of the Nation would not be practical. Therefore, NAWQA investigations are conducted within 59 selected areas called study units (fig. 1). These study units encompass important river and aquifer systems in the United States and represent the diverse geographic, waterresource, land-use, and water-use characteristics of the Nation. The Delaware River Basin is one of 15 study units in which work began in 1996. Water-quality sampling in the study unit will begin in 1999. This fact sheet provides a brief overview of the NAWQA program, describes the Delaware River Basin study unit, identifies the major water-quality issues in the basin, and documents the plan of study that will be followed during the study-unit investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05699","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., 1999, Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 056-99, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05699.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_056_99.jpg"},{"id":397,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -74.72900390625,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -74.72900390625,\n 38.993572058209466\n ],\n [\n -76.5966796875,\n 38.993572058209466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24187,"text":"ofr9942 - 1999 - Alaska resource data file: Karluk quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T13:46:15.611285","indexId":"ofr9942","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-42","title":"Alaska resource data file: Karluk quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9942","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 1999, Alaska resource data file: Karluk quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-42, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9942.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404060,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16271.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1593,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53330,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Karluk quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 58\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 57\n ],\n [\n -156,\n 58\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68835f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, S. H.","contributorId":41861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5798,"text":"pp1607 - 1999 - Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:57","indexId":"pp1607","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1607","title":"Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"This report contains a synthesis and interpretation of structural and stratigraphic data for pre-Tertiary rocks in a large area of southern Nevada within and near the Nevada Test Site. Its presents descriptive and interpretive information from discontinuously exposed localities in the context of a regional model that integrates stratigraphy, sedimentology, crustal structure, and deformational style and timing. Evidence is given for substantial strike-slip faults, for modest excursion on low-angle faults, and for pre-Oligocene formation of the regional oroclinal flexure in neighboring mountain ranges.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/pp1607","usgsCitation":"Cole, J., and Cashman, P.H., 1999, Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1607, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1607.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1607/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1607.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a490a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Patricia Hughes","contributorId":95054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"Hughes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22562,"text":"ofr98630 - 1999 - An Overview of the Factors Involved in Evaluating the Geochemical Effects of Highway Runoff on the Environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr98630","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-630","title":"An Overview of the Factors Involved in Evaluating the Geochemical Effects of Highway Runoff on the Environment","docAbstract":"Materials washed by rain and snowmelt from highways into adjacent surface waters, ground waters, and ecosystems can pollute water and affect biota. To understand the chemical behavior of any one of these materials and its effects on the environment requires knowledge of the chemistry of the material and how it interacts with other components in the local geochemical system. An integrated watershed approach, therefore, would be the most effective method to assess the effects of highway runoff on local receiving waters. Analysis of one or a few specific contaminants will provide limited and incomplete information and may be misleading in terms of environmental effects. This report addresses the background geochemistry required to model highway runoff and to make realistic assessments of the potential effects of runoff on the environment.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr98630","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Bricker, O.P., 1999, An Overview of the Factors Involved in Evaluating the Geochemical Effects of Highway Runoff on the Environment: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-630, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98630.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9586,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-630/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6860b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23688,"text":"ofr97410 - 1999 - Finite-element surface-water modeling system; two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane, addendum to the users manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr97410","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-410","title":"Finite-element surface-water modeling system; two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane, addendum to the users manual","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr97410","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., 1999, Finite-element surface-water modeling system; two-dimensional flow in the horizontal plane, addendum to the users manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-410, vi, 74 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97410.","productDescription":"vi, 74 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0410/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52939,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0410/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, J. K.","contributorId":28233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24060,"text":"ofr9935 - 1999 - Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-14T13:36:37.423776","indexId":"ofr9935","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-35","title":"Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"The East of Grotto Hills 1:24,000-scale quadrangle of California lies west of the Colorado River about 30 km southwest of Searchlight, Nevada, near the boundary between the northern and southern parts of the Basin and Range Province. The quadrangle includes the eastern margin of Lanfair Valley, the southernmost part of the Castle Mountains, and part of the northwest Piute Range. The generally north-trending Piute Range aligns with the Piute and Dead Mountains of California and the Newberry and Eldorado Mountains and McCullough Range of Nevada. The southern part of the Piute Range adjoins Homer Mountain (Spencer and Turner, 1985) near Civil War-era Fort Piute. Adjacent 1:24,000-scale quadrangles include Castle Peaks, Homer Mountain, and Signal Hill, Calif.; also Hart Peak, Tenmile Well, and West of Juniper Mine, Calif. and Nev.\n\nThe mapped area contains Tertiary (Miocene) volcanic and sedimentary rocks, interbedded with and overlain by Tertiary and Quaternary surficial deposits. Miocene intrusions mark conduits that served as feeders for the Miocene volcanic rocks, which also contain late magma pulses that cut the volcanic section. Upper Miocene conglomerate deposits interfinger with the uppermost volcanic flows. Canyons and intermontane valleys contain dissected Quaternary alluvial-fan deposits, mantled by active alluvial-fan deposits and detritus of active drainages. The alluvial materials were derived largely from Early Proterozoic granite and gneiss complexes, intruded by Mesozoic granite, dominate the heads of Lanfair Valley drainages in the New York Mountains and Mid Hills (fig. 1; Jennings, 1961). Similar rocks also underlie Tertiary deposits in the Castle Peaks, Castle Mountains, and eastern Piute Range.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9935","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., and Bedford, D., 1999, Geologic map of the East of Grotto Hills quadrangle, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-35, 1 Plate: 33.10 x 29.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9935.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.10 x 29.17 inches","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397657,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13177.htm"},{"id":284848,"rank":8,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/of99-35_2a.txt"},{"id":284847,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/import.aml"},{"id":284846,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/of99-35_3a.tar.gz"},{"id":284845,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_topo.e00.gz"},{"id":284844,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_smpl.e00.gz"},{"id":284843,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_str.e00.gz"},{"id":284842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/egh_geol.e00.gz"},{"id":53234,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/pdf/egh_map.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108387,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/pdf/egh_geo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13177"},{"id":1730,"rank":10,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0035/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"National Geodetic Datum of 1929","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Grotto Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.125,35.125 ], [ -115.125,35.25 ], [ -115.0,35.25 ], [ -115.0,35.125 ], [ -115.125,35.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5c66e4b0b290850fa76c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, Jane E.","contributorId":9701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedford, David R.","contributorId":26352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedford","given":"David R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22606,"text":"ofr997A - 1999 - An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T11:53:16.683449","indexId":"ofr997A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-7","chapter":"A","title":"An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona","docAbstract":"Executive Summary -- In March of 1997, an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey of the Fort Huachuca Military Reservation and immediate surrounds (location map, http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-007-b/index.jpg) was conducted. This survey was sponsored by the U.S. Army and contracted through the Geologic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Data were gathered by Geoterrex-Dighem Ltd. of Ottawa, Canada. The survey aircraft is surrounded by a coil through which a large current pulse is passed. This pulse induces currents in the Earth which are recorded by a set of three mutually perpendicular coils towed in a 'bird' about 100 m behind and below the aircraft. The bird also records the Earth's magnetic field. The system samples the Earth response to the electromagnetic pulse about every 16 m along the aircraft flight path. For this survey, the bulk of the flightpaths were spaced about 400 m apart and oriented in a northeast-southwest direction extending from bedrock over the Huachuca Mountains to bedrock over the Tombstone Hills. A preliminary report on the unprocessed data collected in the field was delivered to the U.S. Army by USGS in July 1997 (USGS Open-File Report 97?457). The final data were delivered in March, 1998 by the contractor to USGS and thence to the U.S. Army. The present report represents the final interpretive report from USGS. The objectives of the survey were to: 1) define the structure of the San Pedro basin in the Sierra Vista-Fort Huachuca-Huachuca City area, including the depth and shape of the basin, and to delineate large faults that may be active within the basin fill and therefore important in the hydrologic regime; 2) define near surface and subsurface areas that contain a large volume fraction of silt and clay in the basin fill and which both reduce the volume of available storage for water and reduce the permeability of the aquifer; and 3) to evaluate the use of the time domain electromagnetic method in the southwest desert setting as a means of mapping depth to water. Chapter one, written by M.E. Gettings, reports the results of the analysis of the aeromagnetic anomaly data. Depths to magnetic rocks computed from these data are in good agreement with depths from gravity anomaly models (Gettings and Houser, in prep.) and confirm and refine the location of the bedrock highs which reach to within 200 m of the surface in several parts of the study area. The highly faulted and generally shallow character of the basin within the study area deduced from the gravity studies is also evident in the aeromagnetic data. The caldera ring fault delimiting the buried structural southwest edge of the Tombstone caldera is expressed in the magnetic data and deeper intrusives extending outside the caldera to the southwest are inferred. Several magnetic bodies occur at shallow depths within the Precambrian granite of the Huachuca Mountains along the eastern foothills of the mountains. These are inferred to be Tertiary intrusives but remain to be confirmed by field work if any of their uppermost dikes or apotheses are exposed. Faults delineating the east-west trending bedrock high beneath the city of Sierra Vista appear to be shallow and should be investigated for surface expressions. Chapter two, written by Jeff Wynn, analyzes and interprets the conductivity depth transforms (CDTs) and provides a general evaluation of the data quality. He concludes that there is a good general correlation between the uppermost conductor seen in the CDTs and water table depth in many cases. Detailed comparisons between the ground-based vertical electric soundings (VES) and the CDTs are reported in this chapter. The two sets of data compare well in general for most sounding sites where the VES data are not noisy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr997A","usgsCitation":"Bultman, M., Gettings, M.E., and Wynn, J., 1999, An interpretation of the 1997 airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey, Fort Huachuca vicinity, Cochise County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-7, CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr997A.","productDescription":"CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423389,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16676.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizzona","county":"Cochise County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Huachuca","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5,31.333333 ], [ -110.5,31.833333 ], [ -110.0,31.833333 ], [ -110.0,31.333333 ], [ -110.5,31.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db68441f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bultman, M.W.","contributorId":107306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bultman","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gettings, M. E.","contributorId":25148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettings","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wynn, Jeff 0000-0002-8102-3882 jwynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-3882","contributorId":2803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","email":"jwynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6789,"text":"fs11999 - 1999 - USGS international activities in coal resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T14:31:06","indexId":"fs11999","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"119-99","title":"USGS international activities in coal resources","docAbstract":"During the last 30 years the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has been engaged in coal exploration and characterization in more that 30 foreign countries, including India, Pakistan, China, Turkey, several Eastern European countries, Russia, and other former Soviet Union countries. Through this work, the USGS has developed an internationally recognized capability for assessing coal resources and defining their geochemical and physical characteristics. More recently, these data have been incorporated into digital databases and Geographic Information System (GIS) digital map products. The USGS has developed a high level of expertise in assessing the technological, economic, environmental, and human health impacts of coal occurrences and utilization based on comprehensive characterization of representative coal samples.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/316679","issn":"15222152","usgsCitation":"Bakken, G., Reynolds, P., Kenow, K., Korschgen, C.E., and Boysen, A., 1999, Standardization and calibration of heated mounts illustrated with day-old mallard ducklings: Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 502-506, https://doi.org/10.1086/316679.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"502","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132685,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakken, G.S.","contributorId":96629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakken","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, P.S.","contributorId":52131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boysen, A.F.","contributorId":99507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boysen","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70209265,"text":"70209265 - 1999 - Distributions of uronic acids and O-methyl sugars in sinking and sedimentary particles in two coastal marine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:53:47","indexId":"70209265","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-29T09:54:48","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Distributions of uronic acids and O-methyl sugars in sinking and sedimentary particles in two coastal marine environments","title":"Distributions of uronic acids and O-methyl sugars in sinking and sedimentary particles in two coastal marine environments","docAbstract":"Although recent research has indicated that bacteria may contribute an important fraction of biochemical residues in terrestrial and marine environments, it is difficult for geochemists to identify contributions from these ubiquitous and biochemically diverse organisms. Previous studies have suggested uronic acids and O-methyl sugars may be useful indicators of microbial abundance and activity, but have been limited primarily to analyses of a small number of isolated samples. We report here comparative distributions of O-methyl sugars, uronic acids, and aldoses in sediment trap material and sediments from Dabob Bay, WA and nearby Saanich Inlet, BC, where temporal and spatial trends may be used together with well-established patterns in other biochemicals to identify bacterial contributions against the background of other carbohydrate sources.
O-methyl sugars and uronic acids were important contributors to the overall flux and burial of polysaccharide material in Dabob Bay and Saanich Inlet, composing ≤12 wt% of the total carbohydrate yields from sediment trap and sediment samples. O-methyl sugars accounted for an average of 5% of the carbohydrate yields from sediment trap materials and sediments, but were found rarely and only in low abundance in vascular plant tissues, phytoplankton, and kelp. In contrast, uronic acids were abundant products of sediment trap material and sediments, as well as vascular plant tissues, where in some cases they predominated among all carbohydrates. Uronic acid abundance in sediment trap material averaged 3% and ranged to >6% of total carbohydrate yields.
The persistence of total minor sugar yields in water column collections from Dabob Bay throughout the seasonal cycle indicated they had a primary source that was not directly related to plankton bloom cycles nor pulsed inputs of vascular plant remains. Subsurface maxima in total minor sugar yields (and several individual components) within sediment cores from both sites indicate in situ sedimentary sources. Taken together, the observed environmental distributions strongly suggest that the minor sugar abundances in Dabob Bay and Saanich Inlet were controlled by in situ microbial production.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00075-7","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B.A., Walters, J.S., and Hedges, J.I., 1999, Distributions of uronic acids and O-methyl sugars in sinking and sedimentary particles in two coastal marine environments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 3-4, p. 413-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00075-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"425","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Dabob Bay, Saanich Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.92945861816406,\n 47.68341892265674\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 47.68341892265674\n ],\n [\n -122.772216796875,\n 47.860167165402274\n ],\n [\n -122.92945861816406,\n 47.860167165402274\n ],\n [\n -122.92945861816406,\n 47.68341892265674\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.6181640625,\n 48.48248016155762\n ],\n [\n -123.42796325683594,\n 48.48248016155762\n ],\n [\n -123.42796325683594,\n 48.70772853476065\n ],\n [\n -123.6181640625,\n 48.70772853476065\n ],\n [\n -123.6181640625,\n 48.48248016155762\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":223612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walters","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedges, J. I.","contributorId":30757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedges","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70243824,"text":"70243824 - 1999 - New strategy needed in earthquake, volcano monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-22T15:59:15.494575","indexId":"70243824","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-27T10:33:52","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New strategy needed in earthquake, volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"Recent advances in space geodesy provide unprecedented opportunities for measuring and understanding processes related to earthquake occurrence and volcanic eruptions in the United States and elsewhere. The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses Earth-orbiting satellites to obtain relative movements of ground points accurate to a few millimeters, either through periodically repeated surveys or by continuous measurements at permanent sites [Segall and Davis, 1997]. Satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) uses repeat-pass radar backscatter images of Earth's surface to obtain complete spatial mappings of surface deformation over 100 km × 100 km scenes to centimeter precision [Massonnet and Feigl, 1998].
During the past 5 years GPS and InSAR increasingly have been applied to local studies of active fault zones and volcanic systems, imaging the sources of deformation buried in Earth's crust and quantifying the hazards they pose to society. The potential now exists to deploy these tools to map and monitor all of the actively deforming western United States, and a new scientific initiative with these goals is under active discussion [Silver et al, 1998].
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/99EO00246","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W.R., 1999, New strategy needed in earthquake, volcano monitoring: Eos Science News, v. 80, no. 30, p. 330-331, https://doi.org/10.1029/99EO00246.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"330","endPage":"331","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/99eo00246","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":417293,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, Wayne R. 0000-0001-6324-545X thatcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-545X","contributorId":2599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Wayne","email":"thatcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":873388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014599,"text":"1014599 - 1999 - Dietary and culture influences on macrophage aggregate parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T15:56:20.652257","indexId":"1014599","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Dietary and culture influences on macrophage aggregate parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles","title":"Dietary and culture influences on macrophage aggregate parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles","docAbstract":"Macrophage aggregates (MAs) are structures in the spleen, kidney and sometimes liver of fishes which have various functions such as recycling/storing/detoxification of cellular wastes and exogenous substances. They have been also reported to be important in the specific immune response and are used as health indicators. Changes in MA density, size and pigment content have been used in national and local monitoring programs in the U.S. as indicators of contaminant exposure. However, MA number and structure can also be affected by other factors, including general stress or nutritional status of fish. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin E and n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) deficiencies and stocking density on spleen and kidney MAs of gilthead seabream, one of the most important species for Mediterranean aquaculture. Fish were held at two stocking densities, high and low, and fed experimental diets. Diet NE had no supplemental vitamin E, Diet NFA was deficient in n−3 HUFA and Diet C was a control diet. Number, size and shape factor of MAs were measured using image analysis. The percentage of tissue occupied by MAs was calculated from these measurements. The results showed that high stocking density alone increased the number of splenic but not kidney MAs of fish fed the control diet. A deficiency of n−3 HUFA alone also increased the number of splenic but not kidney MAs at both stocking densities. Vitamin E deficiency alone had no significant effect on MAs in either organ. However, the combined effect of vitamin E deficiency and high stocking density increased the number and size of kidney but not splenic MAs. This study indicates that specific dietary deficiencies can influence MA accumulation and that splenic MAs may be more responsive to general stress than kidney MAs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00185-4","usgsCitation":"Montero, D., Blazer, V., Socorro, J., Izquierdo, M.S., and Tort, L., 1999, Dietary and culture influences on macrophage aggregate parameters in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles: Aquaculture, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 523-534, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00185-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d838","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montero, D.","contributorId":96636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montero","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Socorro, J.","contributorId":15973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socorro","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Izquierdo, M. S.","contributorId":60168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Izquierdo","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tort, L.","contributorId":106842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tort","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211189,"text":"70211189 - 1999 - Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-17T14:23:04.58924","indexId":"70211189","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-16T13:01:48","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping combined with the tephrochronology of spatially isolated sedimentary sections along the western Black Mountains piedmont adjacent the Death Valley fault zone (DVFZ) improves the late Cenozoic stratigraphy from relative age to correlated age. Pliocene tephra layers identified in Funeral Formation conglomerates at Artist Drive and Copper Canyon include a “Nomlaki-like” tephra bed (ca. 3.4 Ma), the tuffs of Mesquite Spring (3.1–3.3 Ma), and a tuff of the lower Glass Mountain family (1.86–1.92 Ma). We informally name the early(?) to middle Pleistocene Mormon Point formation1, which contains tephra layers correlated with the upper Glass Mountain/Bishop family of tephra layers (0.76–1.2 Ma), the Lava Creek B ash bed (ca. 0.66 Ma), and the Dibekulewe ash bed (ca. 0.51 Ma). Identification of these tephra layers indicates that the maximum age of the overlying and inset lacustrine gravel and alluvial fan deposits is 0.51 Ma.
The correlated age stratigraphy indicates that the dextral-oblique DVFZ has stepped basinward at Mormon Point and Copper Canyon since the late Pliocene. In contrast, during that same time the DVFZ at Artist Drive has not stepped basinward, but developed into a graben. The age of faulting on the low-angle (~19°–40°) Mormon Point turtleback fault is bracketed between 0.76 and 0.18 Ma, and the overlying Mormon Point formation shows no evidence of tilting, indicating slip on the turtleback fault was at a low-angle. Early Quaternary slip on the low-angle turtleback fault conflicts with the present versions of the pure shear, rolling-hinge, and detachment/rift models for Death Valley extension. Early Quaternary slip is most compatible with turtleback faults as folded or warped detachment fault. We propose that the warping is thermally driven and related to the Black Mountains igneous complex.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2333-7.345","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.R., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Meyer, C., Tinsley, J., Wells, S.G., and Wan, E., 1999, Late Cenozoic stratigraphy and tephrochronology of the western Black Mountains piedmont, Death Valley, California: Implications for the tectonic development of Death Valley: GSA Special Papers, v. 333, p. 345-366, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2333-7.345.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Black Mountains, Death Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -121.33300781249999,\n 40.613952441166596\n ],\n [\n -120.62988281249999,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -118.5205078125,\n 36.66841891894786\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 35.639441068973944\n ],\n [\n -115.224609375,\n 36.35052700542763\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -119.39941406249999,\n 40.64730356252251\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"333","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":81408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":793039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinsley, John jtinsley@usgs.gov","contributorId":140545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"John","email":"jtinsley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, S. G.","contributorId":81257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wan, Elmira 0000-0002-9255-112X ewan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-112X","contributorId":3434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wan","given":"Elmira","email":"ewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}