{"pageNumber":"3355","pageRowStart":"83850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184904,"records":[{"id":6675,"text":"fs13198 - 1999 - Pesticides and bacteria in an urban stream; Gills Creek, Columbia, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T07:32:52","indexId":"fs13198","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"131-98","title":"Pesticides and bacteria in an urban stream; Gills Creek, Columbia, South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13198","usgsCitation":"Maluk, T.L., 1999, Pesticides and bacteria in an urban stream; Gills Creek, Columbia, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 131-98, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13198.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0131/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34082,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Columbia","otherGeospatial":"Gills Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.8319091796875,\n              31.99875937194732\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3265380859375,\n              32.48196313217176\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.95574951171875,\n              32.62549671451373\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.8431396484375,\n              32.7503226078097\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.57122802734375,\n              32.91648534731439\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.54925537109375,\n              33.01096671579776\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.38720703125,\n              33.04550781490999\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.38446044921875,\n              33.075432481213326\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.156494140625,\n              33.17434155100208\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.04638671875,\n              33.54139466898275\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.123291015625,\n              33.797408767572485\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.013427734375,\n              33.87953701355924\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2001953125,\n              34.1890858311724\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              34.829586636768205\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0079345703125,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.9749755859375,\n              34.99625375979014\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.10406494140625,\n              35.20298910562885\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0738525390625,\n              35.31960740586162\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.101318359375,\n              35.380092992092145\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.562744140625,\n              35.817813158696616\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              35.68407153314097\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2109375,\n              36.12900165569652\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.683349609375,\n              36.11125252076156\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              35.505400093441324\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.276611328125,\n              35.48751102385376\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14453125,\n              35.003003395276714\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14727783203125,\n              34.97375095431686\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.26812744140625,\n              34.863397850419524\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.36975097656249,\n              34.773203753940734\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.37799072265624,\n              34.712266941280404\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.33404541015625,\n              34.66709959253004\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.2049560546875,\n              34.59930237746263\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.155517578125,\n              34.56312121279482\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.05938720703125,\n              34.48165602990584\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.97149658203125,\n              34.474863669009004\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.88909912109375,\n              34.45448326886294\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.81219482421875,\n              34.338900400404995\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.77374267578125,\n              34.268566186749894\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.7215576171875,\n              34.134541681937364\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6556396484375,\n              34.02990029603907\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.474365234375,\n              33.85673152928873\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.28759765625,\n              33.76544869849223\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2271728515625,\n              33.669496972795535\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.1502685546875,\n              33.58259116393916\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.056884765625,\n              33.53223722395908\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.990966796875,\n              33.41310221370827\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.990966796875,\n              33.367237465838315\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8206787109375,\n              33.22030778968541\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.80419921875,\n              33.14675022877648\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.529541015625,\n              33.02248191961359\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5350341796875,\n              32.95797741405952\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.474609375,\n              32.87036022808352\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4306640625,\n              32.71797709835758\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4471435546875,\n              32.648625783736726\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4251708984375,\n              32.59310597426537\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.3262939453125,\n              32.55607364492026\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2274169921875,\n              32.47732919639942\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1614990234375,\n              32.319633552035214\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1395263671875,\n              32.23603621746476\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0296630859375,\n              32.08257455954592\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.8319091796875,\n              31.99875937194732\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maluk, Terry L.","contributorId":82690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maluk","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70206469,"text":"70206469 - 1999 - The relationship between species density and community biomass in grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-06T11:05:42","indexId":"70206469","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-30T10:59:14","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between species density and community biomass in grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows","docAbstract":"<p><span>Previous studies have indicated that the relationship between community biomass and species density can be represented by a multivariate model in which abiotic variables influence species density both through effects on biomass and through effects on the species pool. In this paper, we use data from grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows in Finland to evaluate and extend this general conceptual model of the factors controlling species density. Structural equation analysis was used to evaluate a model for all meadows and then to perform a multigroup analysis to determine how grazed and ungrazed meadows differ. By itself, biomass could explain only 12% of the variation in species density while the multivariate model was able to explain 47% using five types of predictor variables: site, soil, flooding, grazing, and biomass. Analyses found that flooding explained the greatest amount of variability in species density, primarily through negative effects on the species pool. Grazing was also found to have a strong effect on species density and results suggest that its negative influence may be largely through reductions in the species pool in grazed meadows. The most important difference found between grazed and ungrazed meadows was that species density had a strong negative relationship to biomass in the ungrazed meadows but no significant relationship in the grazed ones. Thus, it appears that the influence of competition on species density was much greater in ungrazed meadows compared to grazed ones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3546689","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., and Jutila, H., 1999, The relationship between species density and community biomass in grazed and ungrazed coastal meadows: Oikos, v. 85, no. 3, p. 398-408, https://doi.org/10.2307/3546689.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"408","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[28.59193,69.06478],[28.44594,68.36461],[29.97743,67.6983],[29.05459,66.94429],[30.21765,65.80598],[29.54443,64.94867],[30.44468,64.20445],[30.03587,63.55281],[31.51609,62.86769],[31.13999,62.35769],[30.21111,61.78003],[28.07,60.50352],[26.25517,60.42396],[24.49662,60.05732],[22.86969,59.84637],[22.29076,60.39192],[21.32224,60.72017],[21.54487,61.70533],[21.05921,62.60739],[21.53603,63.18974],[22.44274,63.81781],[24.73051,64.90234],[25.39807,65.11143],[25.29404,65.53435],[23.90338,66.00693],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.53947,67.93601],[21.97853,68.61685],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.24494,69.37044],[22.35624,68.84174],[23.66205,68.89125],[24.73568,68.64956],[25.68921,69.09211],[26.17962,69.8253],[27.73229,70.16419],[29.01557,69.76649],[28.59193,69.06478]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Finland\"}}]}","volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jutila, H.","contributorId":42782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jutila","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70228810,"text":"70228810 - 1999 - Data on past climate warmth may lead to better model of warm future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T16:00:48.864532","indexId":"70228810","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-29T09:52:57","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7458,"text":"Eos Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data on past climate warmth may lead to better model of warm future","docAbstract":"<p>Weather bureaus around the world have accumulated daily historical records of atmospheric conditions for more than a century to help forecast meteorological conditions 3 to 5 days ahead. To gain insight into the impact of possible future climate warming and constrain predictive models for a warm future, climatologists are seeking paleoclimatologic and paleoceanographic records from recent intervals of the late Quaternary, when conditions were demonstrably warmer than today.</p><p>Results of past research on Brunhes-age paleoclimate suggest that Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11), an interval between 420 and 360 ka, was the longest and warmest interglacial interval of the past 500 kyr (see the recent review by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Howard</i><span>&nbsp;</span>[1997]). This interval was characterized by warmer seasurface temperatures in high latitudes, strong thermohaline circulation, unusual carbonate plankton blooms in high latitudes, higher than present sea level, coral reef expansion resulting in large accumulation of neritic carbonates, and overall poor pelagic carbonate preservation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/99EO00211","usgsCitation":"Droxler, A., Poore, R.Z., and Burckle, L., 1999, Data on past climate warmth may lead to better model of warm future: Eos Science News, v. 80, no. 26, p. 289-290, https://doi.org/10.1029/99EO00211.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"290","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Earth","volume":"80","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Droxler, Andre","contributorId":25875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droxler","given":"Andre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":147454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burckle, Lloyd","contributorId":101696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burckle","given":"Lloyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":835606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021560,"text":"70021560 - 1999 - Epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in Pacific herring from the spawn-on-kelp fishery in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T14:49:27","indexId":"70021560","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in Pacific herring from the spawn-on-kelp fishery in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Both the prevalence and tissue titer of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) increased in Pacific herring&nbsp;</span><i>Clupea pallasi</i><span>&nbsp;following their introduction into net pens (pounds) used in the closed pound spawn-on-kelp (SOK) fishery in Prince William Sound, Alaska. VHSV was also found in water samples from inside and outside the SOK pounds after herring had been confined for several days; however, water samples taken near wild free-ranging, spawning herring either failed to test positive or tested weakly positive for virus. Little or no virus was found in tissue samples from free-ranging, spawning herring captured from the vicinity of the pounds, nor did the prevalence of VHSV increase following spawning as it did in impounded herring. The data indicated that increased prevalences of VHSV were correlated with confinement of herring for the closed pound SOK fishery and that infection was spread within the pounds through waterborne exposure to virus particles originating from impounded fish. In addition, pounds containing predominantly young fish had higher prevalences of VHSV, suggesting that older fish may be partially immune, perhaps as a result of previous infection with the virus. Operation of SOK pounds during spawning seasons in which young herring predominate may amplify the disease and possibly exacerbate the population fluctuations observed in wild herring stocks.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","doi":"10.3354/dao037023","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Kocan, R.M., Elder, N., Meyers, T., and Winton, J., 1999, Epizootiology of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in Pacific herring from the spawn-on-kelp fishery in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 37, p. 23-31, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao037023.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao037023","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a20e4b0c8380cd521ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elder, N.E.","contributorId":57626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyers, T.R.","contributorId":108283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189478,"text":"70189478 - 1999 - Editorial ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T13:08:30","indexId":"70189478","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Editorial ","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(99)00010-X","usgsCitation":"Leijnse, A., and Hill, M.C., 1999, Editorial : Advances in Water Resources, v. 22, no. 8, p. 775-776, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(99)00010-X.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"775","endPage":"776","costCenters":[{"id":494,"text":"Office of Groundwater","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/model-calibration-and-reliability-evaluation-for-ground-water-sys","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15919ae4b092d9651e21f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leijnse, Anton","contributorId":194652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leijnse","given":"Anton","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174932,"text":"70174932 - 1999 - Effects of climate change on surface- and ground-water quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:44:29","indexId":"70174932","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-22T17:15:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of climate change on surface- and ground-water quality","conferenceTitle":"Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States","conferenceDate":"May 10, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Atlanta, GA","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","usgsCitation":"Murdoch, P.S., Baron, J., and Miller, T.L., 1999, Effects of climate change on surface- and ground-water quality, Specialty Conference on Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change to Water Resources of the United States, Atlanta, GA, May 10, 1999, p. 201-208.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.awra.org/proceedings/past_proceedings.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57934444e4b0eb1ce79e8bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, T. L.","contributorId":54557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178629,"text":"70178629 - 1999 - Maui Invasive Species Committee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:15:07","indexId":"70178629","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1496,"text":"Endangered Species Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maui Invasive Species Committee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Loope, L.L., and Bartlett, R., 1999, Maui Invasive Species Committee: Endangered Species Bulletin, v. 23, p. 8-9.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584144e2e4b04fc80e5073cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loope, Lloyd L.","contributorId":107848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartlett, R.","contributorId":29329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartlett","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178166,"text":"70178166 - 1999 - Forest bird and fruit bat populations on Sarigan, Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-14T07:14:17","indexId":"70178166","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2734,"text":"Micronesica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forest bird and fruit bat populations on Sarigan, Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted the first quantitative surveys of forest bird and bat populations on the uninhabited island of Sarigan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Severe habitat degradation has occurred on Sarigan because of overgrazing by introduced goats and pigs. Planting of coconut palms (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) for copra production has also eliminated much of the island’s native forest. We recorded five species of forest birds on Sarigan: Micronesian Honeyeater (<i>Myzomela rubratra</i>), Micronesian Megapode (<i>Megapodius laperouse laperouse</i>), Micronesian Starling (<i>Aplonis opaca</i>), Collared Kingfisher (<i>Halcyon chloris</i>), and White-throated Ground Dove (<i>Gallicolumba xanthonura</i>). Estimated population sizes (95% confidence interval) in 1997 were 1,821 (1,617–2,026) for Micronesian Honeyeater, 677 (545–810) for Micronesian Megapode, 497 (319–675) for Micronesian Starling, 107 (82–131) for Collared Kingfisher, and 170 (101–238) for Mariana Fruit Bat (<i>Pteropus mariannus</i>).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Guam","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S.G., Craig, R., and Kessler, C.T., 1999, Forest bird and fruit bat populations on Sarigan, Mariana Islands: Micronesica, v. 31, no. 2, p. 247-254.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mariana Islands","state":"Sarigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.0799560546875,\n              14.099284922844143\n            ],\n            [\n              145.3216552734375,\n              14.099284922844143\n            ],\n            [\n              145.3216552734375,\n              14.211138758545793\n            ],\n            [\n              145.0799560546875,\n              14.211138758545793\n            ],\n            [\n              145.0799560546875,\n              14.099284922844143\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.3985595703125,\n              14.774882506516272\n            ],\n            [\n              145.9039306640625,\n              14.774882506516272\n            ],\n            [\n              145.9039306640625,\n              15.368949896534705\n            ],\n            [\n              145.3985595703125,\n              15.368949896534705\n            ],\n            [\n              145.3985595703125,\n              14.774882506516272\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, Steven G.","contributorId":176135,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fancy","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, Robert J.","contributorId":79781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kessler, Curt T.","contributorId":176677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kessler","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223857,"text":"5223857 - 1999 - Monitoring survival rates of Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-19T20:03:02.36856","indexId":"5223857","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T12:18:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring survival rates of Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated survival rates of Swainson's Thrush, a common, neotropical, migratory landbird, at multiple spatial scales, using data collected in the western USA from the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship Programme. We evaluated statistical power to detect spatially heterogeneous survival rates and exponentially declining survival rates among spatial scales with simulated populations parameterized from results of the Swainson's Thrush analyses. Models describing survival rates as constant across large spatial scales did not fit the data. The model we chose as most appropriate to describe survival rates of Swainson's Thrush allowed survival rates to vary among Physiographic Provinces, included a separate parameter for the probability that a newly captured bird is a resident individual in the study population, and constrained capture probability to be constant across all stations. Estimated annual survival rates under this model varied from 0.42 to 0.75 among Provinces. The coefficient of variation of survival estimates ranged from 5.8 to 20% among Physiographic Provinces. Statistical power to detect exponentially declining trends was fairly low for small spatial scales, although large annual declines (3% of previous year's rate) were likely to be detected when monitoring was conducted for long periods of time (e.g. 20 years). Although our simulations and field results are based on only four years of data from a limited number and distribution of stations, it is likely that they illustrate genuine difficulties inherent to broadscale efforts to monitor survival rates of territorial landbirds. In particular, our results suggest that more attention needs to be paid to sampling schemes of monitoring programmes, particularly regarding the trade-off between precision and potential bias of parameter estimates at varying spatial scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Franicis","doi":"10.1080/00063659909477246","usgsCitation":"Rosenberg, D., DeSante, D., McKelvey, K., and Hines, J.E., 1999, Monitoring survival rates of Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus at multiple spatial scales: Bird Study, v. 46, no. sup1, p. S198-S208, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477246.","productDescription":"11 p,","startPage":"S198","endPage":"S208","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659909477246","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"sup1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698540","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberg, D.K.","contributorId":31505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeSante, D.F.","contributorId":70514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSante","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKelvey, K.S.","contributorId":106237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223814,"text":"5223814 - 1999 - Infection of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in North Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:25:31.932066","indexId":"5223814","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T12:18:49","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Infection of <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> (Acari: Ixodidae) by <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato in North Africa","title":"Infection of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in North Africa","docAbstract":"<p>Free-living adult <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> L. were collected in Amdoun, situated in the Kroumiry mountains in northwestern Tunisia (North Africa). Using direct fluorescence antibody assay, the infection rate of field-collected <i>I. ricinus</i> by <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato was 30.5% (n = 72). No difference in infection rate was observed between male and female ticks. Spirochetes that had been isolated from <i>I. ricinus</i> from Ain Drahim (Kroumiry Mountains) in 1988 were identified as <i>Borrelia lusitaniae</i> (formerly genospecies PotiB2). This is the first identification of a genospecies of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato from the continent of Africa.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jmedent/36.2.216","usgsCitation":"Zhioua, E., Bouattour, A., Hu, C., Gharbi, M., Aeschliman, A., Ginsberg, H., and Gern, L., 1999, Infection of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in North Africa: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 36, no. 2, p. 216-218, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/36.2.216.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486933,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/174","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee972","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhioua, E.","contributorId":27165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhioua","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouattour, A.","contributorId":101359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouattour","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hu, C.M.","contributorId":31499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gharbi, M.","contributorId":13348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gharbi","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aeschliman, A.","contributorId":50254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aeschliman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gern, L.","contributorId":106609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gern","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70189507,"text":"70189507 - 1999 - Physical setting: Chapter 1 in Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189507,"text":"70189507 - 1999 - Physical setting: Chapter 1 in Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"70189507","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"1","displayTitle":"Physical setting: Chapter 1 in <i>Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge</i>","title":"Physical setting: Chapter 1 in Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53909,"text":"bsr000001 - 1999 - Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"bsr000001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53909,"text":"bsr000001 - 1999 - Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","indexId":"bsr000001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-14T08:56:02","indexId":"70189507","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2000-0001","chapter":"1","displayTitle":"Physical setting: Chapter 1 in <i>Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge</i>","title":"Physical setting: Chapter 1 in Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"<p>Lisbon Bottom consists of approximately 875 ha of river bottom along the Missouri River in Howard County, Missouri, from approximately river mile (RM) 213 to RM 219. As used in this report, the Lisbon Bottom area also includes the main channel of the Missouri River adjacent to the Lisbon Bottom and portions of the adjacent flood plain in Saline County, Missouri.</p><p>Before regulation and structuring of the Missouri River, riverine areas like Lisbon Bottom were shifting mosaics of dynamic habitat patches that were created and maintained by hydrologic and geomorphic processes. Flow regulation, navigation structures, and bank-stabilization projects isolated Lisbon Bottom from the river by decreasing the magnitude and frequency with which hydrologic and geomorphic processes could alter habitat characteristics.</p><p>The flood of 1993 breached agricultural levees around Lisbon Bottom, thereby reestablishing a connection to the Missouri River. Although still affected by flow regulation and the requirement to maintain navigation in the main channel, Lisbon Bottom presents the opportunity to study ecosystem processes and dynamic geomorphology in a setting that more closely mimics the natural riverine system than any other site on the navigable Lower Missouri River.</p><p>The purpose of this chapter is to describe the physical setting and processes that structure the riverine ecosystem of Lisbon Bottom and similar areas of the Lower Missouri River. The description compiles available information on temporal and spatial changes at the site, including the history of channel changes and hydrology.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge (Biological Science Report 2000-0001)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Laustrup, M.S., Ehrhardt, E.A., Niebur, C., and Arvidson, R.E., 1999, Physical setting: Chapter 1 in Initial biotic survey of Lisbon Bottom, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Biological Science Report 2000-0001, 19 p.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Lisbon Bottom","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.0926513671875,\n              39.47860556892209\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.34259033203125,\n              39.257778150283364\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.77130126953125,\n              38.846125291387025\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.493896484375,\n              39.07251146922361\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.0926513671875,\n              39.47860556892209\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5969d82fe4b0d1f9f060a1ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laustrup, Mark S.","contributorId":31028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laustrup","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ehrhardt, Ellen A.","contributorId":49443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrhardt","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Niebur, Curt","contributorId":194672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niebur","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arvidson, Raymond E.","contributorId":106626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arvidson","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70177765,"text":"70177765 - 1999 - Hawaiian Goose (<i>Branta sandvicensis</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:11:43","indexId":"70177765","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":161,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 434","title":"Hawaiian Goose (<i>Branta sandvicensis</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evolving in the remote Hawaiian Archipelago and having the smallest range of any living goose, the Hawaiian Goose, or better known by its Hawaiian name—Nënë, is among the most isolated, sedentary, and threatened of waterfowl. The Nënë is also highly terrestrial, and several structural features demonstrate its adaptation to life on islands with limited freshwater habitat: It stands taller and more upright than geese of similar weight, enabling it to reach high to browse the fruits, seeds, and foliage that constitute its herbivorous diet; its legs and padded toes are long and strong, promoting swift, sure walking and running over rugged terrain; webbing is reduced between the toes; and though it is a capable swimmer and readily uses freshwater habitats when available, the Nënë does not require freshwater or oceanic habitats in the same way that many other waterfowl do.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Academy of Natural Sciences","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA and Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2173/bna.434","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Black, J.M., and Banko, W.E., 1999, Hawaiian Goose (<i>Branta sandvicensis</i>): Birds of North America No. 434, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.434.","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c6e4b0f497e78fca92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":77822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banko, Winston E.","contributorId":99200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Winston","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178427,"text":"70178427 - 1999 - <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> frog introductions to Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:12:24","indexId":"70178427","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Eleutherodactylus</i> frog introductions to Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>As an oceanic archipelago isolated from continental source areas, Hawaii lacks native terrestrial reptiles and amphibians, Polynesians apparently introduced seven gecko and skink species after discovering the islands approximately 1500 years ago, and another 15 reptiles and five frogs have been introduced in the last century and a half (McKeown 1996). The Polynesian introductions are probably inadvertent because the species involved are known stowaway dispersers (Gibbons 1985; Dye and Steadman 1990), In contrast, most of the herpetological introductions since European contact with Hawaii have been intentional. Several frog species were released for biocontrol of insects (e.g., <i>Dendrobates auratus</i>, <i>Bufo marinus</i>, <i>Rana rugosa</i>, Bryan 1932; Oliver and Shaw 1953), and most of the remaining species are released or escaped pets (e.g., <i>Phelsuma</i> spp., <i>Chamaeleo jacksonii</i>, <i>Iguana iguana</i>, McKeown 1996), Government-approved releases have not occurred for many years, but the rate of establishment of new species has increased in the past few decades because of the importation and subsequent release of pets. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Kraus, F., Campbell, E., Allison, A., and Pratt, T.K., 1999, <i>Eleutherodactylus</i> frog introductions to Hawaii: Herpetological Review, v. 30, no. 1, p. 21-25.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"25","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582ecff3e4b04d580bd4354a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Fred","contributorId":92911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Earl W. III","contributorId":84202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Earl W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allison, Allen","contributorId":176953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Allen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178160,"text":"70178160 - 1999 - An evaluation of the wilt-causing bacterium <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> as a potential biological control agent for the alien Kahili ginger (<i>Hedychium gardnerianum</i>) in Hawaiian forests ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:10:47","indexId":"70178160","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1016,"text":"Biological Control","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of the wilt-causing bacterium <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> as a potential biological control agent for the alien Kahili ginger (<i>Hedychium gardnerianum</i>) in Hawaiian forests ","docAbstract":"<p><span>Kahili ginger (</span><i>Hedychium gardnerianum</i><span>) is an invasive weed in tropical forests in Hawaii and elsewhere. Bacterial wilt caused by the ginger strain of </span><i>Ralstonia</i><span>(=</span><i>Pseudomonas</i><span>) </span><i>solanacearum</i><span> systemically infects edible ginger (</span><i>Zingiber officinale</i><span>) and ornamental gingers (</span><i>Hedychium</i><span> spp.), causing wilt in infected plants. The suitability of </span><i>R. solanacearum</i><span> as a biological control agent for kahili ginger was investigated by inoculating seedlings and rooted cuttings of native forest plants, ornamental ginger, and solanaceous species to confirm host specificity. Inoculation via stem injection or root wounding with a bacterial–water suspension was followed by observation for 8 weeks. Inoculations on </span><i>H. gardnerianum</i><span> were then carried out in ohia-lehua (</span><i>Metrosideros polymorpha</i><span>) wet forests of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to determine the bacterium's efficacy in the field. No native forest or solanaceous species developed wilt or other symptoms during the study. The bacterium caused limited infection near the inoculation site on </span><i>H. coronarium, Z. zerumbet, Heliconia latispatha,</i><span> and </span><i>Musa sapientum.</i><span> However, infection did not become systemic in any of these species, and normal growth resumed following appearance of initial symptoms. All inoculated </span><i>H. gardnerianum</i><span> plants developed irreversible chlorosis and severe wilting 3–4 weeks following inoculation. Systemic infection also caused death and decay of rhizomes. Most plants were completely dead 16–20 weeks following inoculation. The destructiveness of the ginger strain of </span><i>R. solanacearum</i><span> to edible ginger has raised questions regarding its use for biological control. However, because locations of kahili ginger infestations are often remote, the risk of contaminating edible ginger plantings is unlikely. The ability of this bacterium to cause severe disease in </span><i>H. gardnerianum</i><span> in the field, together with its lack of virulence in other ginger species, contributes to its potential as a biological control agent.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"Orlando, FL","doi":"10.1006/bcon.1999.0705","usgsCitation":"Academic Press, 1999, An evaluation of the wilt-causing bacterium <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> as a potential biological control agent for the alien Kahili ginger (<i>Hedychium gardnerianum</i>) in Hawaiian forests : Biological Control, v. 15, no. 2, p. 89-96, https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1999.0705.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbdf"}
,{"id":70181808,"text":"70181808 - 1999 - Factors determining the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation and runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T13:39:03","indexId":"70181808","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Factors determining the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation and runoff","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global energy and water cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press ","publisherLocation":"Cambridge, United Kingdom","isbn":"0-521-56057-8 ","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., Browning, K., and Gurney, R., 1999, Factors determining the partitioning of precipitation into evaporation and runoff, chap. <i>of</i> Global energy and water cycles, p. 247-253.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"253","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":335364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a4253ae4b0c825128ad475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":668673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Browning, K.A.","contributorId":181571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Browning","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gurney, R.J.","contributorId":181572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurney","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189450,"text":"70189450 - 1999 - The environmental geology of mineral deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T10:04:39","indexId":"70189450","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5459,"text":"Reviews in Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"The environmental geology of mineral deposits","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part A. Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., 1999, The environmental geology of mineral deposits, chap. <i>of</i> The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part A. Processes, Techniques, and Health Issues: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6A, p. 71-116.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"116","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343778,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a4e4b0d1f9f05f59fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189454,"text":"70189454 - 1999 - Geologic controls on the composition of natural waters and mine waters draining diverse mineral-deposit types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-13T10:11:04","indexId":"70189454","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5459,"text":"Reviews in Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Geologic controls on the composition of natural waters and mine waters draining diverse mineral-deposit types","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part B. Case Studies and Research Topics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., Smith, K., Montour, M., Ficklin, W.H., and Mosier, E.L., 1999, Geologic controls on the composition of natural waters and mine waters draining diverse mineral-deposit types, chap. <i>of</i> The Environmental Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits, Part B. Case Studies and Research Topics: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 6B, p. 373-432.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"373","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343781,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596886a5e4b0d1f9f05f59fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montour, M. R.","contributorId":50551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montour","given":"M. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ficklin, W. H.","contributorId":89517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ficklin","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mosier, E. L.","contributorId":71537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70189733,"text":"70189733 - 1999 - Workshop summary, conclusions and recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T15:30:15","indexId":"70189733","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Workshop summary, conclusions and recommendations","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reproductive and developmental effects of contaminants in oviparous vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Pellston Workshop on Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Contaminants in Oviparous Vertebrates","conferenceDate":"July 13-18,1997","conferenceLocation":"Anaconda, MT","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Technology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FS","isbn":"978-1-880611-37-1","usgsCitation":"Benson, W., Di Giulio, R., Tillitt, D.E., Birnbaum, L., deFur, P., Gooch, J.W., Mihaich, E., and Tyler, C., 1999, Workshop summary, conclusions and recommendations, chap. <i>of</i> Reproductive and developmental effects of contaminants in oviparous vertebrates, p. 403-416.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"416","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597312aee4b0ec1a488718fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, W.H.","contributorId":112650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Di Giulio, R.T.","contributorId":194969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Di Giulio","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birnbaum, L.","contributorId":55177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birnbaum","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"deFur, P.L","contributorId":194967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"deFur","given":"P.L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gooch, Jay W.","contributorId":176816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooch","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mihaich, Ellen","contributorId":193140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mihaich","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tyler, C.","contributorId":194968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70185730,"text":"70185730 - 1999 - El Nino 1997-98; direct costs of damaging landslides in the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T12:28:21","indexId":"70185730","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"El Nino 1997-98; direct costs of damaging landslides in the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ninth international conference and field trip on landslides","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Ninth international conference and field trip on landslides","language":"English","isbn":"90-5809-078-7","usgsCitation":"Godt, J.W., and Savage, W.Z., 1999, El Nino 1997-98; direct costs of damaging landslides in the San Francisco Bay region, <i>in</i> Ninth international conference and field trip on landslides, v. 9, p. 47-55.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"55","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338473,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7632e4b0ee37af29e4b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, W. Z.","contributorId":106481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198714,"text":"70198714 - 1999 - Characterizing fractured-zone flow using numerical flow-log models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T10:25:53","indexId":"70198714","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-09T10:22:17","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Characterizing fractured-zone flow using numerical flow-log models","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Water-quality monitoring and hydraulic testing in fractured bedrock aquifers involves two important tasks: 1) identifying the hydraulically active fractures intersecting the borehole, and 2) inferring how the specific entry or exit ports in the borehole wall are connected to large-scale flow paths in the region surrounding the borehole. Effective characterization of fractured bedrock flow results when hydraulically active fractures and fracture zones are first identified using flow logs, and then the hydraulic properties of these active zones are given by subsequent hydraulic tests. A more difficult technical problem is relating the hydraulic properties of the few specific fractures that serve as borehole entry ports to the large-scale hydraulic properties of the surrounding rock mass. This problem is addressed through a generalized borehole flow model inversion formulated so that the boundary conditions at the outer edge of the boundary layer can be inferred from the properties of measured borehole flow.</span></span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock mechanics for industry: Proceedings of the 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium ","conferenceTitle":"37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium ","conferenceDate":"June 6-9, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Rotterdam, Netherlands","language":"English","publisher":"A.A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1999, Characterizing fractured-zone flow using numerical flow-log models, chap. <i>of</i> Rock mechanics for industry: Proceedings of the 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium , v. 2, p. 819-826.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"826","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98db50e4b0702d0e8481c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Amadei, B.","contributorId":86902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amadei","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kranz, R.L.","contributorId":207076,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kranz","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, G.A.","contributorId":207077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742681,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smeallie, P.H.","contributorId":207078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smeallie","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742682,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178415,"text":"70178415 - 1999 - <i>Septoria hodgesii</i> sp. nov.: A potential biocontrol agent for <i>Myrica faya</i> in Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:10:00","indexId":"70178415","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2800,"text":"Mycotaxon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Septoria hodgesii</i> sp. nov.: A potential biocontrol agent for <i>Myrica faya</i> in Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"<p><i>Septoria hodgesii</i> sp. nov. is described. This fungus is a common leaf pathogen of <i>Myrica cerifera</i> in the southeastern U.S., where it usually has been identified as <i>S. myricae</i>. It also has been shown by artificial inoculation to be pathogenic on <i>M. faya</i>, an introduced forest weed in Hawai'i. Comparison of <i>S. hodgesii</i> with the types of <i>S. myricae</i>, from <i>M. cerifera</i> and <i>S. myricata</i>, from <i>M. gale</i>, showes it to be distinct from both species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mycotaxon, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","usgsCitation":"Gardner, D.E., 1999, <i>Septoria hodgesii</i> sp. nov.: A potential biocontrol agent for <i>Myrica faya</i> in Hawai‘i: Mycotaxon, v. 70, p. 747-753.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"753","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-155.778234,20.245743],[-155.772734,20.245409],[-155.746893,20.232325],[-155.737004,20.222773],[-155.735822,20.212417],[-155.732704,20.205392],[-155.653966,20.16736],[-155.630382,20.146916],[-155.624565,20.145911],[-155.607797,20.137987],[-155.600909,20.126573],[-155.598033,20.124539],[-155.590923,20.122497],[-155.58168,20.123617],[-155.568368,20.130545],[-155.558933,20.13157],[-155.523661,20.120028],[-155.516795,20.11523],[-155.502561,20.114155],[-155.468211,20.104296],[-155.443957,20.095318],[-155.405459,20.078772],[-155.4024,20.075541],[-155.387578,20.067119],[-155.33021,20.038517],[-155.29548,20.024438],[-155.282629,20.021969],[-155.270316,20.014525],[-155.240933,19.990173],[-155.204486,19.969438],[-155.194593,19.958368],[-155.179939,19.949372],[-155.149215,19.922872],[-155.144394,19.920523],[-155.131235,19.906801],[-155.124618,19.897288],[-155.12175,19.886099],[-155.107541,19.872467],[-155.098716,19.867811],[-155.095032,19.867882],[-155.086341,19.855399],[-155.084357,19.849736],[-155.085674,19.838584],[-155.088979,19.826656],[-155.094414,19.81491],[-155.09207,19.799409],[-155.091216,19.776368],[-155.093517,19.771832],[-155.093387,19.737751],[-155.087118,19.728013],[-155.079426,19.726193],[-155.063972,19.728917],[-155.045382,19.739824],[-155.006423,19.739286],[-154.997278,19.72858],[-154.987168,19.708524],[-154.981102,19.690687],[-154.984718,19.672161],[-154.983778,19.641647],[-154.974342,19.633201],[-154.963933,19.627605],[-154.950359,19.626461],[-154.947874,19.62425],[-154.947718,19.621947],[-154.951014,19.613614],[-154.947106,19.604856],[-154.93394,19.597505],[-154.928205,19.592702],[-154.924422,19.586553],[-154.903542,19.570622],[-154.875,19.556797],[-154.852618,19.549172],[-154.837384,19.538354],[-154.826732,19.537626],[-154.814417,19.53009],[-154.809561,19.522377],[-154.809379,19.519086],[-154.822968,19.48129],[-154.838545,19.463642],[-154.86854,19.438126],[-154.887817,19.426425],[-154.928772,19.397646],[-154.944185,19.381852],[-154.964619,19.365646],[-154.980861,19.349291],[-155.020537,19.331317],[-155.061729,19.316636],[-155.113272,19.290613],[-155.1337,19.276099],[-155.159635,19.268375],[-155.172413,19.26906],[-155.187427,19.266156],[-155.19626,19.261295],[-155.205892,19.260907],[-155.243961,19.271313],[-155.264619,19.274213],[-155.296761,19.266289],[-155.303808,19.261835],[-155.31337,19.250698],[-155.341268,19.234039],[-155.349148,19.217756],[-155.360631,19.20893],[-155.378638,19.202435],[-155.390701,19.201171],[-155.417369,19.187858],[-155.427093,19.179546],[-155.432519,19.170623],[-155.453516,19.151952],[-155.465663,19.146964],[-155.505281,19.137908],[-155.51474,19.132501],[-155.51214,19.128174],[-155.512137,19.124296],[-155.519652,19.117025],[-155.526136,19.115889],[-155.528902,19.11371],[-155.544806,19.091059],[-155.551129,19.08878],[-155.557817,19.08213],[-155.555326,19.069377],[-155.555177,19.053932],[-155.557371,19.046565],[-155.566446,19.032531],[-155.576599,19.027412],[-155.581903,19.02224],[-155.596032,18.998833],[-155.596521,18.980654],[-155.601866,18.971572],[-155.613966,18.970399],[-155.625256,18.961951],[-155.625,18.959934],[-155.638054,18.941723],[-155.658486,18.924835],[-155.672005,18.917466],[-155.681825,18.918694],[-155.687716,18.923358],[-155.690171,18.932195],[-155.693117,18.940542],[-155.726043,18.969437],[-155.763598,18.981837],[-155.806109,19.013967],[-155.853943,19.023762],[-155.88155,19.036644],[-155.884077,19.039266],[-155.886278,19.05576],[-155.903693,19.080777],[-155.908355,19.081138],[-155.921389,19.121183],[-155.917292,19.155963],[-155.903339,19.217792],[-155.90491,19.230147],[-155.902565,19.258427],[-155.895435,19.274639],[-155.890842,19.298905],[-155.887356,19.337101],[-155.888701,19.348031],[-155.898792,19.377984],[-155.913849,19.401107],[-155.909087,19.415455],[-155.921707,19.43055],[-155.924269,19.438794],[-155.925166,19.468081],[-155.922609,19.478611],[-155.924124,19.481406],[-155.930523,19.484921],[-155.935641,19.485628],[-155.936403,19.481905],[-155.939145,19.481577],[-155.95149,19.486649],[-155.952897,19.488805],[-155.953663,19.510003],[-155.960457,19.546612],[-155.962264,19.551779],[-155.965211,19.554745],[-155.96935,19.555963],[-155.970969,19.586328],[-155.978206,19.608159],[-155.997728,19.642816],[-156.028982,19.650098],[-156.032928,19.653905],[-156.034994,19.65936],[-156.033326,19.66923],[-156.027427,19.672154],[-156.029281,19.678908],[-156.036079,19.690252],[-156.04796,19.698938],[-156.051652,19.703649],[-156.052485,19.718667],[-156.064364,19.730766],[-156.05722,19.742536],[-156.052315,19.756836],[-156.049651,19.780452],[-156.021732,19.8022],[-156.006267,19.81758],[-155.982821,19.845651],[-155.976651,19.85053],[-155.964817,19.855183],[-155.949251,19.857034],[-155.945297,19.853443],[-155.940311,19.852305],[-155.925843,19.858928],[-155.926938,19.870221],[-155.92549,19.875],[-155.915662,19.887126],[-155.901987,19.912081],[-155.894099,19.923135],[-155.894474,19.926927],[-155.892533,19.932162],[-155.866919,19.954172],[-155.856588,19.968885],[-155.840708,19.976952],[-155.838692,19.975527],[-155.835312,19.976078],[-155.831948,19.982775],[-155.828965,19.995542],[-155.825473,20.025944],[-155.828182,20.035424],[-155.850385,20.062506],[-155.866931,20.078652],[-155.88419,20.10675],[-155.899149,20.145728],[-155.906035,20.205157],[-155.901452,20.235787],[-155.890663,20.25524],[-155.882631,20.263026],[-155.873921,20.267744],[-155.853293,20.271548],[-155.811459,20.26032],[-155.783242,20.246395],[-155.778234,20.245743]]],[[[-157.789581,21.438396],[-157.789734,21.437679],[-157.789276,21.435833],[-157.790543,21.434313],[-157.791718,21.434881],[-157.793045,21.43391],[-157.793167,21.43574],[-157.791565,21.43651],[-157.791779,21.437752],[-157.793289,21.437658],[-157.791779,21.438435],[-157.791092,21.438442],[-157.790741,21.43874],[-157.789581,21.438396]]],[[[-160.125,21.95909],[-160.122262,21.962881],[-160.112746,21.995245],[-160.09645,22.001489],[-160.072123,22.003334],[-160.058543,21.99638],[-160.051992,21.983681],[-160.052729,21.980321],[-160.056336,21.977939],[-160.060549,21.976729],[-160.063349,21.978354],[-160.065811,21.976562],[-160.078393,21.955153],[-160.085787,21.927295],[-160.080012,21.910808],[-160.079065,21.89608],[-160.098897,21.884711],[-160.124283,21.876789],[-160.147609,21.872814],[-160.16162,21.864746],[-160.174796,21.846923],[-160.189782,21.82245],[-160.205211,21.789053],[-160.200427,21.786479],[-160.205851,21.779518],[-160.218044,21.783755],[-160.23478,21.795418],[-160.24961,21.815145],[-160.244943,21.848943],[-160.231028,21.886263],[-160.228965,21.889117],[-160.21383,21.899193],[-160.205528,21.907507],[-160.202716,21.912422],[-160.190158,21.923592],[-160.167471,21.932863],[-160.13705,21.948632],[-160.127302,21.955508],[-160.125,21.95909]]],[[[-159.431707,22.220015],[-159.40732,22.230555],[-159.388119,22.223252],[-159.385977,22.220009],[-159.367563,22.214906],[-159.359842,22.214831],[-159.357227,22.217744],[-159.353795,22.217669],[-159.339964,22.208519],[-159.315613,22.186817],[-159.308855,22.155555],[-159.297808,22.149748],[-159.295875,22.144547],[-159.295271,22.13039],[-159.297143,22.113815],[-159.317451,22.080944],[-159.321667,22.063411],[-159.324775,22.05867],[-159.333267,22.054639],[-159.337996,22.046575],[-159.341401,22.028978],[-159.333224,21.973005],[-159.333109,21.964176],[-159.334714,21.961099],[-159.350828,21.950817],[-159.356613,21.939546],[-159.382349,21.924479],[-159.408284,21.897781],[-159.425862,21.884527],[-159.446599,21.871647],[-159.471962,21.88292],[-159.490914,21.888898],[-159.517973,21.890996],[-159.555415,21.891355],[-159.574991,21.896585],[-159.577784,21.900486],[-159.584272,21.899038],[-159.610241,21.898356],[-159.637849,21.917166],[-159.648132,21.93297],[-159.671872,21.957038],[-159.681493,21.960054],[-159.705255,21.963427],[-159.72014,21.970789],[-159.758218,21.980694],[-159.765735,21.986593],[-159.788139,22.018411],[-159.790932,22.031177],[-159.786543,22.06369],[-159.780096,22.072567],[-159.748159,22.100388],[-159.741223,22.115666],[-159.733457,22.142756],[-159.726043,22.152171],[-159.699978,22.165252],[-159.66984,22.170782],[-159.608794,22.207878],[-159.591596,22.219456],[-159.583965,22.22668],[-159.559643,22.229185],[-159.554166,22.228212],[-159.548594,22.226263],[-159.54115,22.216764],[-159.534594,22.219403],[-159.523769,22.217602],[-159.51941,22.215646],[-159.518348,22.211182],[-159.515574,22.208008],[-159.507811,22.205987],[-159.501055,22.211064],[-159.500821,22.225538],[-159.488558,22.23317],[-159.480158,22.232715],[-159.467007,22.226529],[-159.45619,22.228811],[-159.441809,22.226321],[-159.431707,22.220015]]],[[[-157.014553,21.185503],[-156.999108,21.182221],[-156.991318,21.18551],[-156.987768,21.18935],[-156.982343,21.207798],[-156.984464,21.210063],[-156.984032,21.212198],[-156.974002,21.218503],[-156.969064,21.217018],[-156.962847,21.212131],[-156.951654,21.191662],[-156.950808,21.182636],[-156.946159,21.175963],[-156.918248,21.168279],[-156.903466,21.16421],[-156.898174,21.16594],[-156.89613,21.169561],[-156.896537,21.172208],[-156.867944,21.16452],[-156.841592,21.167926],[-156.821944,21.174693],[-156.771495,21.180053],[-156.742231,21.176214],[-156.738341,21.17202],[-156.736648,21.16188],[-156.719386,21.163911],[-156.712696,21.161547],[-156.714158,21.152238],[-156.726033,21.13236],[-156.748932,21.1086],[-156.775995,21.089751],[-156.790815,21.081686],[-156.794136,21.075796],[-156.835351,21.06336],[-156.865795,21.057801],[-156.877137,21.0493],[-156.891946,21.051831],[-156.89517,21.055771],[-156.953719,21.067761],[-157.00295,21.083282],[-157.02617,21.089015],[-157.032045,21.091094],[-157.037667,21.097864],[-157.079696,21.105835],[-157.095373,21.10636],[-157.125,21.1026],[-157.143483,21.096632],[-157.254061,21.090601],[-157.298054,21.096917],[-157.313343,21.105755],[-157.299187,21.132488],[-157.299471,21.135972],[-157.293774,21.146127],[-157.284346,21.157755],[-157.276474,21.163175],[-157.274504,21.162762],[-157.259911,21.174875],[-157.254709,21.181376],[-157.251007,21.190952],[-157.25026,21.207739],[-157.256935,21.215665],[-157.261457,21.217661],[-157.263163,21.220873],[-157.26069,21.225684],[-157.257085,21.227268],[-157.241534,21.220969],[-157.226445,21.220185],[-157.212082,21.221848],[-157.202125,21.219298],[-157.192439,21.207644],[-157.185553,21.205602],[-157.157103,21.200706],[-157.148125,21.200745],[-157.144627,21.202555],[-157.128207,21.201488],[-157.113438,21.197375],[-157.097971,21.198012],[-157.064264,21.189076],[-157.053053,21.188754],[-157.047757,21.190739],[-157.039987,21.190909],[-157.014553,21.185503]]],[[[-156.544169,20.522802],[-156.550016,20.520273],[-156.559994,20.521892],[-156.586238,20.511711],[-156.603844,20.524372],[-156.631143,20.514943],[-156.642347,20.508285],[-156.647464,20.512017],[-156.668809,20.504738],[-156.682939,20.506775],[-156.703673,20.527237],[-156.702265,20.532451],[-156.696662,20.541646],[-156.6801,20.557021],[-156.651567,20.565574],[-156.614598,20.587109],[-156.610734,20.59377],[-156.576871,20.60657],[-156.56714,20.604895],[-156.553604,20.594729],[-156.543034,20.580115],[-156.542808,20.573674],[-156.548909,20.56859],[-156.556021,20.542657],[-156.553018,20.539382],[-156.540189,20.534741],[-156.539643,20.527644],[-156.544169,20.522802]]],[[[-156.612012,21.02477],[-156.612065,21.027273],[-156.606238,21.034371],[-156.592256,21.03288],[-156.580448,21.020172],[-156.562773,21.016167],[-156.549813,21.004939],[-156.546291,21.005082],[-156.528246,20.967757],[-156.518707,20.954662],[-156.512226,20.95128],[-156.510391,20.940358],[-156.507913,20.937886],[-156.49948,20.934577],[-156.495883,20.928005],[-156.493263,20.916011],[-156.481055,20.898199],[-156.474796,20.894546],[-156.422668,20.911631],[-156.386045,20.919563],[-156.374297,20.927616],[-156.370729,20.932669],[-156.352649,20.941414],[-156.345655,20.941596],[-156.342365,20.938737],[-156.332817,20.94645],[-156.324578,20.950184],[-156.307198,20.942739],[-156.286332,20.947701],[-156.275116,20.937361],[-156.263107,20.940888],[-156.242555,20.937838],[-156.230159,20.931936],[-156.230089,20.917864],[-156.226757,20.916677],[-156.222062,20.918309],[-156.217953,20.916573],[-156.216341,20.907035],[-156.173103,20.876926],[-156.170458,20.874605],[-156.166746,20.865646],[-156.132669,20.861369],[-156.129381,20.847513],[-156.115735,20.827301],[-156.100123,20.828502],[-156.090291,20.831872],[-156.059788,20.81054],[-156.033287,20.808246],[-156.003532,20.795545],[-156.002947,20.789418],[-155.987944,20.776552],[-155.984587,20.767496],[-155.986851,20.758577],[-155.985413,20.744245],[-155.987216,20.722717],[-155.991534,20.713654],[-156.00187,20.698064],[-156.01415,20.685681],[-156.020044,20.686857],[-156.030702,20.682452],[-156.040341,20.672719],[-156.043786,20.664902],[-156.053385,20.65432],[-156.059753,20.652044],[-156.081472,20.654387],[-156.089365,20.648519],[-156.120985,20.633685],[-156.129898,20.627523],[-156.142665,20.623605],[-156.144588,20.624032],[-156.148085,20.629067],[-156.156772,20.629639],[-156.169732,20.627358],[-156.173393,20.6241],[-156.184556,20.629719],[-156.192938,20.631769],[-156.210258,20.628518],[-156.225338,20.62294],[-156.236145,20.61595],[-156.265921,20.601629],[-156.284391,20.596488],[-156.288037,20.59203],[-156.293454,20.588783],[-156.302692,20.586199],[-156.322944,20.588273],[-156.351716,20.58697],[-156.359634,20.581977],[-156.370725,20.57876],[-156.377633,20.578427],[-156.415313,20.586099],[-156.417523,20.589728],[-156.415746,20.594044],[-156.417799,20.598682],[-156.423141,20.602079],[-156.427708,20.598873],[-156.431872,20.598143],[-156.438385,20.601337],[-156.444242,20.607941],[-156.442884,20.613842],[-156.450651,20.642212],[-156.445894,20.64927],[-156.443673,20.656018],[-156.448656,20.704739],[-156.451038,20.725469],[-156.452895,20.731287],[-156.458438,20.736676],[-156.462242,20.753952],[-156.462058,20.772571],[-156.464043,20.781667],[-156.473562,20.790756],[-156.489496,20.798339],[-156.501688,20.799933],[-156.506026,20.799463],[-156.515994,20.794234],[-156.525215,20.780821],[-156.537752,20.778408],[-156.631794,20.82124],[-156.678634,20.870541],[-156.688969,20.888673],[-156.687804,20.89072],[-156.688132,20.906325],[-156.691334,20.91244],[-156.697418,20.916368],[-156.69989,20.920629],[-156.69411,20.952708],[-156.680905,20.980262],[-156.665514,21.007054],[-156.652419,21.008994],[-156.645966,21.014416],[-156.642592,21.019936],[-156.644167,21.022312],[-156.642809,21.027583],[-156.619581,21.027793],[-156.612012,21.02477]]],[[[-157.010001,20.929757],[-156.989813,20.932127],[-156.971604,20.926254],[-156.937529,20.925274],[-156.91845,20.922546],[-156.897169,20.915395],[-156.837047,20.863575],[-156.825237,20.850731],[-156.809576,20.826036],[-156.808469,20.820396],[-156.809463,20.809169],[-156.817427,20.794606],[-156.838321,20.764575],[-156.846413,20.760201],[-156.851481,20.760069],[-156.869753,20.754701],[-156.890295,20.744855],[-156.909081,20.739533],[-156.949009,20.738997],[-156.96789,20.73508],[-156.984747,20.756677],[-156.994001,20.786671],[-156.988933,20.815496],[-156.991834,20.826603],[-157.006243,20.849603],[-157.010911,20.854476],[-157.054552,20.877219],[-157.059663,20.884634],[-157.061128,20.890635],[-157.062511,20.904385],[-157.05913,20.913407],[-157.035789,20.927078],[-157.025626,20.929528],[-157.010001,20.929757]]],[[[-158.044485,21.306011],[-158.0883,21.2988],[-158.1033,21.2979],[-158.1127,21.3019],[-158.1211,21.3169],[-158.1225,21.3224],[-158.111949,21.326622],[-158.114196,21.331123],[-158.119427,21.334594],[-158.125459,21.330264],[-158.13324,21.359207],[-158.1403,21.3738],[-158.149719,21.385208],[-158.161743,21.396282],[-158.1792,21.4043],[-158.181274,21.409626],[-158.181,21.420868],[-158.182648,21.430073],[-158.192352,21.44804],[-158.205383,21.459793],[-158.219446,21.46978],[-158.233,21.4876],[-158.231171,21.523857],[-158.23175,21.533035],[-158.234314,21.540058],[-158.250671,21.557373],[-158.27951,21.575794],[-158.277679,21.578789],[-158.254425,21.582684],[-158.190704,21.585892],[-158.17,21.5823],[-158.12561,21.586739],[-158.10672,21.596577],[-158.106689,21.603024],[-158.1095,21.6057],[-158.108185,21.607487],[-158.079895,21.628101],[-158.0668,21.6437],[-158.066711,21.65234],[-158.0639,21.6584],[-158.0372,21.6843],[-158.018127,21.699955],[-157.9923,21.708],[-157.98703,21.712494],[-157.968628,21.712704],[-157.947174,21.689568],[-157.939,21.669],[-157.9301,21.6552],[-157.924591,21.651183],[-157.9228,21.6361],[-157.9238,21.6293],[-157.910797,21.611183],[-157.900574,21.605885],[-157.87735,21.575277],[-157.878601,21.560181],[-157.872528,21.557568],[-157.8669,21.5637],[-157.85614,21.560661],[-157.85257,21.557514],[-157.836945,21.529945],[-157.837372,21.512085],[-157.849579,21.509598],[-157.852625,21.499971],[-157.84549,21.466747],[-157.84099,21.459483],[-157.82489,21.455379],[-157.8163,21.4502],[-157.8139,21.4403],[-157.8059,21.4301],[-157.786513,21.415633],[-157.779846,21.417309],[-157.774455,21.421352],[-157.772209,21.431236],[-157.774905,21.453698],[-157.772209,21.457741],[-157.764572,21.461335],[-157.754239,21.461335],[-157.737617,21.459089],[-157.731777,21.455944],[-157.731328,21.444713],[-157.73582,21.438424],[-157.740762,21.424048],[-157.741211,21.414614],[-157.7386,21.4043],[-157.730191,21.401871],[-157.728221,21.402104],[-157.726421,21.402845],[-157.724324,21.403311],[-157.723794,21.40329],[-157.723286,21.403227],[-157.722735,21.403121],[-157.722544,21.403036],[-157.721845,21.401596],[-157.721083,21.399541],[-157.7189,21.3961],[-157.7089,21.3833],[-157.7087,21.3793],[-157.7126,21.3689],[-157.7106,21.3585],[-157.7088,21.3534],[-157.6971,21.3364],[-157.6938,21.3329],[-157.6619,21.3131],[-157.6518,21.3139],[-157.652629,21.308709],[-157.6537,21.302],[-157.6946,21.2739],[-157.6944,21.2665],[-157.7001,21.264],[-157.7097,21.2621],[-157.7139,21.2638],[-157.7142,21.2665],[-157.7114,21.272],[-157.7122,21.2814],[-157.7143,21.2845],[-157.7213,21.2869],[-157.7572,21.278],[-157.765,21.2789],[-157.7782,21.2735],[-157.7931,21.2604],[-157.8096,21.2577],[-157.8211,21.2606],[-157.8241,21.2646],[-157.8253,21.2714],[-157.8319,21.2795],[-157.8457,21.29],[-157.89,21.3065],[-157.894518,21.319632],[-157.898969,21.327391],[-157.90482,21.329172],[-157.918939,21.318615],[-157.917921,21.313781],[-157.913469,21.310983],[-157.910925,21.305768],[-157.952263,21.306531],[-157.950736,21.312509],[-157.951881,21.318742],[-157.967971,21.327986],[-157.973334,21.327426],[-157.989424,21.317984],[-158.0245,21.3093],[-158.044485,21.306011]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Hawaii\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582ecff4e4b04d580bd4354c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, Donald E.","contributorId":176671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70209413,"text":"70209413 - 1999 - Historical trends in salinity and substrate in central and northern Florida Bay: A Paleoecological Reconstruction using modern analogue data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-04T16:52:53.215409","indexId":"70209413","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-04T11:51:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends in salinity and substrate in central and northern Florida Bay: A Paleoecological Reconstruction using modern analogue data","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Understanding the natural spatial and temporal variability that exists within an ecosystem is a critical component of efforts to restore systems to their natural state. Analysis of benthic foraminifers and molluscs from modern monitoring sites within Florida Bay allows us to determine what environmental parameters control spatial and temporal variability of their assemblages. Faunal assemblages associated with specific environmental parameters, including salinity and substrate, serve as proxies for an interpretation of paleoecologic data. The faunal record preserved in two shallow (&lt;2 m) cores in central Florida Bay (Russell Bank and Bob Allen Bank) provides a record of historical trends in environmental parameters for those sites. Analysis of these two cores has revealed two distinct patterns of salinity change at these sites: 1) a long-term trend of slightly increasing average salinity; and 2) a relatively rapid change to salinity fluctuations of greater frequency and amplitude, beginning around the turn of the century and becoming most pronounced after 1940. The degree of variability in substrate types at each locality limits interpretations of substrate trends to specific sites. A common sequence of change is present in the Russell Bank and Bob Allen Bank cores: from mixed grass and bare-sediment indicators at the bottom of the cores, to bare-sediment dwellers in the center, to a dominance of vegetative-cover indicators at the top of the cores. Changes in interpreted salinity patterns around the turn of the century are consistent with the timing of the construction of the Flagler Railroad from 1905 to 1912, and the Tamiami Trail and the canal and levee systems between 1915 and 1928. Beginning around 1940, the changes in the frequency and amplitude of salinity fluctuations may be related to changes in water management practices, meteorologic events (frequent hurricanes coupled with severe droughts in 1943 and 1944), or a combination of factors. The correspondence of these changes in Florida Bay with changes in the terrestrial Everglades suggests factors affecting the entire ecosystem are responsible for the salinity and substrate patterns seen in Florida Bay.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353205","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., and Ishman, S.E., 1999, Historical trends in salinity and substrate in central and northern Florida Bay: A Paleoecological Reconstruction using modern analogue data: Estuaries, v. 22, p. 369-383, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353205.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"383","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.82891845703125,\n              24.48214938647425\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.47735595703125,\n              24.594582762359718\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2274169921875,\n              24.619554266944885\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.89508056640625,\n              24.716895455859337\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.540771484375,\n              24.87148631935797\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2606201171875,\n              25.279470734081812\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.13702392578125,\n              25.500305556118665\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.21392822265625,\n              25.530050090109015\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.3045654296875,\n              25.37380917154398\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.606689453125,\n              25.160201483133374\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.17523193359375,\n              25.12539261151203\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.57073974609375,\n              25.035838555635017\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8646240234375,\n              24.821639356846607\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.82891845703125,\n              24.48214938647425\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":786376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ishman, Scott E.","contributorId":102468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":786377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169401,"text":"70169401 - 1999 - Yellowstone bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-25T15:09:36","indexId":"70169401","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T16:15:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Yellowstone bears","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carnivores in ecosystems: the Yellowstone experience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Yale University Press","publisherLocation":"New Haven, CT","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Blanchard, B., and Schullery, P., 1999, Yellowstone bears, chap. <i>of</i> Carnivores in ecosystems: the Yellowstone experience, p. 50-75.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.92645263671875,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9346923828125,\n              45.02695045318546\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.92645263671875,\n              45.06770141120143\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0006103515625,\n              45.06770141120143\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.02532958984374,\n              45.042478050891546\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0555419921875,\n              45.02889163330817\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.70648193359375,\n              45.03083274759959\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.72845458984375,\n              45.04441870436415\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.77239990234375,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.77789306640625,\n              45.079339209738094\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.84381103515624,\n              45.07546020688359\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.88226318359375,\n              45.03277379605973\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.928955078125,\n              45.02889163330817\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.94543457031249,\n              45.07158094070473\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.97564697265625,\n              45.09679146394738\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.03607177734375,\n              45.07352060670971\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09100341796875,\n              45.08515722028692\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.10198974609374,\n              45.106484856646844\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.16241455078125,\n              45.11036175291052\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.17889404296874,\n              45.07352060670971\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1541748046875,\n              45.052180659942316\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1102294921875,\n              45.02889163330817\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.09374999999999,\n              44.11322595798781\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9951171875,\n              44.11322595798781\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.99237060546875,\n              44.314022698837775\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.050048828125,\n              44.319918120477425\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.06927490234375,\n              44.351350365612305\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.06927490234375,\n              44.40042951858466\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0555419921875,\n              44.422011314236634\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.97314453125,\n              44.44358514592121\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.962158203125,\n              44.512176171071054\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.03631591796875,\n              44.4906276800508\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.10223388671875,\n              44.478870600803134\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.11871337890624,\n              44.49650533109348\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.1544189453125,\n              44.537632301346136\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.13519287109374,\n              44.5826428195842\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.0665283203125,\n              44.5924231071787\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.99786376953125,\n              44.623708968901205\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.951171875,\n              44.623708968901205\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.874267578125,\n              44.62566377574355\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.78912353515625,\n              44.6706061651103\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.742431640625,\n              44.68623013803223\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7314453125,\n              44.70965819812379\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7589111328125,\n              44.736978954208844\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8358154296875,\n              44.762336674810996\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8687744140625,\n              44.79547998456467\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8797607421875,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              44.91619436708165\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8907470703125,\n              44.96674121705534\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.92645263671875,\n              45.00365115687189\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f661cde4b07d796bf77133","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Clark, T. W.","contributorId":100779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624031,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curlee, A.P.","contributorId":167909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curlee","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624032,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minta, S.C.","contributorId":167910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minta","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kareiva, P.","contributorId":35940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kareiva","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624034,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blanchard, B.M.","contributorId":40907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schullery, P.","contributorId":167908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schullery","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073488,"text":"70073488 - 1999 - Wetlands: function, assessment, and management: Society of Wetland Scientists 20th annual meeting, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, June 6-12, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-17T08:55:31","indexId":"70073488","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T08:31:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":428,"text":"Bulletin (Society of Wetland Scientists (U.S.))","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"title":"Wetlands: function, assessment, and management: Society of Wetland Scientists 20th annual meeting, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, June 6-12, 1999","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin (Society of Wetland Scientists (U.S.))","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Society of Wetland Scientists 20th annual meeting","conferenceDate":"1999-06-05T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Norfolk, VA","language":"English","publisher":"William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, School of Marine Science","usgsCitation":"Jones, R.H., Perry, J.E., Keough, J.R., and Goldbert, J.S., 1999, Wetlands: function, assessment, and management: Society of Wetland Scientists 20th annual meeting, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, June 6-12, 1999: Bulletin (Society of Wetland Scientists (U.S.)), v. 16, no. 2, [247] p. in various pagings.","productDescription":"[247] p. in various pagings","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7d8de4b0b2908510f71c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, R. Harold","contributorId":55337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, James E.","contributorId":22685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keough, Janet R.","contributorId":49300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldbert, Jason S.","contributorId":59352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldbert","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23680,"text":"ofr98507A - 1999 - Science challenge; questions and answers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr98507A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-507","chapter":"A","title":"Science challenge; questions and answers","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98507A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lawson, C., and Lazarus, M., 1999, Science challenge; questions and answers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-507, 20 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98507A.","productDescription":"20 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0507a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52936,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0507a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd35a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawson, Carol","contributorId":23579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lazarus, M.E.","contributorId":89565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazarus","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}