{"pageNumber":"336","pageRowStart":"8375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":50699,"text":"ofr02385 - 2002 - Human-health pharmaceutical compounds in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, and Las Vegas Wash, Nevada, October 2000-August 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T19:33:00","indexId":"ofr02385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-385","title":"Human-health pharmaceutical compounds in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, and Las Vegas Wash, Nevada, October 2000-August 2001","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service conducted a reconnaissance study to investigate the occurrence of selected human-health pharmaceutical compounds in water samples collected from Lake Mead on the Colorado River and Las Vegas Wash, a waterway used to transport treated wastewater from the Las Vegas metropolitan area to Lake Mead. Current research indicates many of these compounds can bioaccumulate and may adversely affect aquatic organisms by disrupting physiological processes, impairing reproductive functions, increasing cancer rates, contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, and acting in undesirable ways when mixed with other substances. These compounds may be present in effluent because a high percentage of prescription and non-prescription drugs used for human-health purposes are excreted from the body as a mixture of parent compounds and degraded metabolite compounds; also, they can be released to the environment when unused products are discarded by way of toilets, sinks, and trash in landfills. \r\n\r\nThirteen of 33 targeted compounds were detected in at least one water sample collected between October 2000 and August 2001. All concentrations were less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms per liter. The most frequently detected compounds in samples from Las Vegas Wash were caffeine, carbamazepine (used to treat epilepsy), cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine), and dehydronifedipine (a metabolite of the antianginal Procardia). Less frequently detected compounds in samples collected from Las Vegas Wash were antibiotics (clarithromycin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim), acetaminophen (an analgesic and anti-inflammatory), cimetidine (used to treat ulcers), codeine (a narcotic and analgesic), diltiazem (an antihypertensive), and 1,7-dimethylxanthine (a metabolite of caffeine). Fewer compounds were detected in samples collected from Lake Mead than from Las Vegas Wash. Caffeine was detected in all samples collected from Lake Mead. Other compounds detected in samples collected from Lake Mead were acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cotinine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, and sulfamethoxazole.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02385","usgsCitation":"Boyd, R., and Furlong, E.T., 2002, Human-health pharmaceutical compounds in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, and Las Vegas Wash, Nevada, October 2000-August 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-385, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02385.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179264,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02385/ ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.894775390625,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.576904296875,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.576904296875,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.894775390625,\n              37.00255267215955\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.894775390625,\n              34.95799531086792\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a5ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Robert A.","contributorId":16491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50698,"text":"ofr02382 - 2002 - Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:42:22","indexId":"ofr02382","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-382","title":"Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Sixty-seven water analyses are reported for samples collected from 44 hot springs and their\r\noverflow drainages and two ambient-temperature acid streams in Yellowstone National Park (YNP)\r\nduring 1990-2000. Thirty-seven analyses are reported for 1999, 18 for June of 2000, and 12 for\r\nSeptember of 2000. These water samples were collected and analyzed as part of research\r\ninvestigations in YNP on microbially mediated sulfur oxidation in stream water, arsenic and sulfur\r\nredox speciation in hot springs, and chemical changes in overflow drainages that affect major ions,\r\nredox species, and trace elements. Most samples were collected from sources in the Norris Geyser\r\nBasin. Two ambient-temperature acidic stream systems, Alluvium and Columbine Creeks and their\r\ntributaries in Brimstone Basin, were studied in detail. Analyses were performed at or near the\r\nsampling site, in an on-site mobile laboratory truck, or later in a USGS laboratory, depending on\r\nstability of the constituent and whether or not it could be preserved effectively.\r\nWater temperature, specific conductance, pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen (D.O.), and dissolved\r\nH2S were determined on-site at the time of sampling. Alkalinity, acidity, and F were determined\r\nwithin a few days of sample collection by titration with acid, titration with base, and ion-selective\r\nelectrode or ion chromatography (IC), respectively. Concentrations of S2O3 and SxO6 were\r\ndetermined as soon as possible (minutes to hours later) by IC. Concentrations of Br, Cl, NH4, NO2,\r\nNO3, SO4, Fe(II), and Fe(total) were determined within a few days of sample collection. Densities\r\nwere determined later in the USGS laboratory.\r\nConcentrations of Li and K were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.\r\nConcentrations of Al, As(total), B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe(total), K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb,\r\nSe, Si, Sr, V, and Zn were determined by inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.\r\nTrace concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Sb were determined by Zeeman-corrected graphitefurnace\r\natomic-absorption spectrometry. Trace concentrations of As(total) and As(III) were\r\ndetermined by hydride generation atomic-absorption spectrometry using a flow-injection analysis\r\nsystem. Concentrations of Cl, NO3, Br, and SO4 were determined by IC. Concentrations of Fe(II)\r\nand Fe(total) were determined by the ferrozine colorimetric method. Concentrations of NO2 were\r\ndetermined by colorimetry using matrix-matched standards. Concentrations of NH4 were determined\r\nby IC, with reanalysis by colorimetry where separation of Na and NH4 peaks was poor. Dissolved\r\norganic carbon (DOC) concentrations were determined by the wet persulfate oxidation method.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr02382","usgsCitation":"Ball, J.W., McCleskey, R.B., Nordstrom, D.K., Holloway, J.M., Verplanck, P.L., and Sturtevant, S.A., 2002, Water-chemistry data for selected springs, geysers, and streams in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-382, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02382.","productDescription":"104 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4171,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://wwwbrr.cr.usgs.gov/projects/GWC_chemtherm/pubs/ofr%2002-382.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.14868164062499,\n              43.949327348785225\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9951171875,\n              43.949327348785225\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.9951171875,\n              45.061881623213026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14868164062499,\n              45.061881623213026\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.14868164062499,\n              43.949327348785225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eeca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, James W.","contributorId":38946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holloway, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-3603-7668 jholloway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"JoAnn","email":"jholloway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sturtevant, Sabin A.","contributorId":45382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturtevant","given":"Sabin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":44616,"text":"wri024162 - 2002 - Environmental setting and water-quality issues of the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:05","indexId":"wri024162","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4162","title":"Environmental setting and water-quality issues of the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Mobile River Basin is one of over 50 river basins and aquifer systems being investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. This basin is the sixth largest river basin in the United States, and fourth largest in terms of streamflow, encompassing parts of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Almost two-thirds of the 44,000-square-mile basin is located in Alabama. Extensive water resources of the Mobile River Basin are influenced by an array of natural and cultural factors. These factors impart unique and variable qualities to the streams, rivers, and aquifers providing abundant habitat to sustain the diverse aquatic life in the basin. \r\n\r\nData from Federal, State, and local agencies provide a description of the environmental setting of the Mobile River Basin. Environmental data include natural factors such as physiography, geology, soils, climate, hydrology, ecoregions, and aquatic ecology, and human factors such as reservoirs, land use and population change, water use, and water-quality issues. Characterization of the environmental setting is useful for understanding the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of surface and ground water in the Mobile River Basin and the possible implications of that environmental setting for water quality. \r\n\r\nThe Mobile River Basin encompasses parts of five physiographic provinces. Fifty-six percent of the basin lies within the East Gulf section of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province. The remaining northeastern part of the basin lies, from west to east, within the Cumberland Plateau section of the Appalachian Plateaus Physiographic Province, the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province, the Piedmont Physiographic Province, and the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province.\r\n\r\nBased on the 1991 land-use data, about 70 percent of the basin is forested, while agriculture, including livestock (poultry, cattle, and swine), row crops (cotton, corn, soybeans, sorghum, and wheat), and pasture land accounts for about 26 percent of the study unit. Agricultural land use is concentrated along the Black Prairie Belt district of the Coastal Plain. Urban areas account for only 3 percent of the total land use; however, the areal extent of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) may indicate more urban influences. The MSAs include urban areas outside of the city boundaries and can include adjacent counties. Seven MSAs are delineated in the Mobile River Basin, including Montgomery, Mobile, Tuscaloosa, Birmingham, Gadsden, Anniston, and Atlanta. The total population for the Mobile River Basin was about 3,673,100 in 1990.\r\n\r\nState water-quality agencies have identified numerous causes and sources of water-body impairment in the Mobile River Basin. In 1996, organic enrichment, dissolved oxygen depletion, elevated nutrient concentrations, and siltation were the most frequently cited causes of impairment, affecting the greatest number of river miles. Bacteria, acidic pH, and elevated metal concentrations also were identified as causes of impairment. The sources for impairment varied among river basins, were largely a function of land use, and were attributed primarily to municipal and industrial sources, mining, and agricultural activities.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024162","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.C., Kidd, R.E., Journey, C.A., Zappia, H., and Atkins, J.B., 2002, Environmental setting and water-quality issues of the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4162, vii, 62 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024162.","productDescription":"vii, 62 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65db01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gregory C. 0000-0003-3683-5010 gcjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-5010","contributorId":1420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gregory","email":"gcjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kidd, Robert E.","contributorId":21523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zappia, Humbert","contributorId":79093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"Humbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkins, J. Brian","contributorId":49781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":50680,"text":"ofr02325 - 2002 - Lake belt study area: High-resolution seismic-reflection survey, Miami-Dade County Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:40:37.924649","indexId":"ofr02325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-325","title":"Lake belt study area: High-resolution seismic-reflection survey, Miami-Dade County Florida","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary &nbsp;</h1><p>The Northwest Dade County Freshwater Lake Plan Area (commonly referred to as the Lake Belt Area) is vital to the future planning and development of southeastern Florida. This area is located within one of the most environmentally sensitive parts of the state – the eastern borders of the Everglades National Park (ENP). The Lake Belt Area and Water Conservation Area BB (WCA BB) provide half of the limestone mining resources used in the state every year. Starting in the mid-1800s canals and levees were built in the area to drain and help develop economic and water resources including protection from floods and droughts. These construction projects have changed the natural water flow (hydropattern and hydroperiod) through the hydrologic system. Changes to the hydropattern and hydroperiod of the area have also had an adverse impact by disrupting the normal breeding patterns of species within the Everglades ecosystem</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr02325","productDescription":"viii, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0325/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":390974,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54122.htm"},{"id":4155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0325/ofr02-325.pdf","text":"Report","size":"499 KB MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 02-325"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dad County","otherGeospatial":"Lake belt study area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.52154541015625,\n              25.64895443060557\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.25787353515625,\n              25.64895443060557\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.25787353515625,\n              25.94322678532246\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52154541015625,\n              25.94322678532246\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.52154541015625,\n              25.64895443060557\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","publishedDate":"2003-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b441f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44620,"text":"wri024069 - 2002 - Relation of Environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri024069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4069","title":"Relation of Environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Community data from 36 watersheds were used to evaluate the response of fish, invertebrate, and algal assemblages in New Jersey streams to environmental characteristics along a gradient of urban land use that ranged from 3 to 96 percent. Aquatic assemblages were sampled at 36 sites during 1996-98, and more than 400 environmental attributes at multiple spatial scales were summarized. Data matrices were reduced to 43, 170, and 103 species of fish, invertebrates, and algae, respectively, by means of a predetermined joint frequency and relative abundance approach. White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and Tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi) were the most abundant fishes, accounting for more than 20 and 17 percent, respectively, of the mean abundance. Net-spinning caddisflies (Hydropsychidae) were the most commonly occurring benthic invertebrates and were found at all but one of the 36 sampling sites. Blue-green (for example, Calothrix sp. and Oscillatoria sp.) and green (for example, Protoderma viride) algae were the most widely distrib-uted algae; however, more than 81 percent of the algal taxa collected were diatoms. Principal-component and correlation analyses were used to reduce the dimensionality of the environmental data. Multiple linear regression analysis of extracted ordination axes then was used to develop models that expressed effects of increasing urban land use on the structure of aquatic assemblages. Significant environmental variables identified by using multiple linear regression analysis then were included in a direct gradient analysis. Partial canonical correspondence analysis of relativized abundance data was used to restrict further the effects of residual natural variability, and to identify relations among the environmental variables and the structure of fish, invertebrate, and algal assemblages along an urban land-use gradient. Results of this approach, combined with the results of the multiple linear regression analyses, were used to identify human population density (311-37,594 persons/km2), amount and type of impervious surface cover (0.12-1,350 km2), nutrient concentrations (for example, 0.01-0.29 mg/L of phosphorus), hydrologic instability (for example, 100-8,955 ft3/s for 2-year peak flow), the amount of forest and wetlands in a basin (0.01-6.25 km2), and substrate quality (0-87 percent cobble substrate) as variables that are highly correlated with aquatic-assemblage structure. Species distributions in ordination space clearly indicate that tolerant species are more abundant in the streams impaired by urbanization and sensitive taxa are more closely associated with the least impaired basins. The distinct differences in aquatic assemblages along the urban land-use gradient demonstrate the deleterious effects of urbanization on assemblage structure and indicate that conserving landscape attributes that mitigate anthropogenic influences (for example, stormwater-management practices emphasizing infiltration and preservation of existing forests, wetlands, and riparian corridors) will help to maintain the relative abundance of sensitive taxa. Complementary multiple linear regression models indicate that aquatic community indices were correlated with many of the anthropogenic factors that were found to be significant along the urban land-use gradient. These indices appear to be effective in differentiating the moderately and severely impaired streams from the minimally impaired streams. Evaluation of disturbance thresholds for aquatic assemblages indicates that moderate to severe impairment is detectable in New Jersey streams when impervious surface cover in the drainage basin reaches approximately 18 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024069","usgsCitation":"Kennen, J., and Ayers, M.A., 2002, Relation of Environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4069, ix, 77 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024069.","productDescription":"ix, 77 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024069","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c34d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45003,"text":"wri024009 - 2002 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems in Peninsular Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:55","indexId":"wri024009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4009","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems in Peninsular Florida","docAbstract":"A numerical model of the intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems in peninsular Florida was used to (1) test and refine the conceptual understanding of the regional ground-water flow system; (2) develop a data base to support subregional ground-water flow modeling; and (3) evaluate effects of projected 2020 ground-water withdrawals on ground-water levels. The four-layer model was based on the computer code MODFLOW-96, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The top layer consists of specified-head cells simulating the surficial aquifer system as a source-sink layer. The second layer simulates the intermediate aquifer system in southwest Florida and the intermediate confining unit where it is present. The third and fourth layers simulate the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers, respectively. Steady-state ground-water flow conditions were approximated for time-averaged hydrologic conditions from August 1993 through July 1994 (1993-94). This period was selected based on data from Upper Floridan a quifer wells equipped with continuous water-level recorders. The grid used for the ground-water flow model was uniform and composed of square 5,000-foot cells, with 210 columns and 300 rows.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024009","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems in Peninsular Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4009, viii, 130 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024009.","productDescription":"viii, 130 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3872,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024009 ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44958,"text":"wri024176 - 2002 - Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024176","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4176","title":"Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages","docAbstract":"Selected hydrometeorological (HM) data for the Pacific Northwest, and regional-to-hemispheric atmospheric-circulation data and sea-surface temperature (SST) data for the North Pacific, are examined for three successive interdecadal periods that are subsets of the instrumental record in order to estimate if their characteristics have changed. The HM data included monthly precipitation totals for 50 sites in western Washington and 29 climate divisions of the Pacific Northwest, and streamflow averages for 112 sites in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The atmospheric data included the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), an index of the Pacific/North America (PNA) circulation pattern, measures of the westerly and northerly components of geostrophic flow, and a subset of the Northern Hemisphere 700-millibar geopotential height data; this subset of 162 grid points includes the area between 15 degrees and 75 degrees N, 110 degrees W and 130 degrees E. The SST data are for a 5-degree grid between 20 degrees N and 60 degrees N, 110 degrees W and 130 degrees E. The atmospheric and SST data were examined not only because the HM regime is linked to regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, but also to estimate the extent of climate shifts displayed by these data. \r\n\r\nThree subsets of the record were identified as pre-1947 (PRE), 1947-76 (BASE), and post-1976 (POST) water years, based on an analysis of the HM data and previous studies. For each subset, means were calculated for the water year (October-September), the runoff season (March-August), the winter season (October-February), and a baseflow season (August-September). Differences in means and in ratios of the means between the BASE period and the PRE and POST periods were examined for changes.\r\n\r\nWinter-season mean precipitation during both the PRE and POST periods was smaller than the BASE period, indicating a spatially consistent and distinct change in the HM regime during winter during the PRE and POST periods. For the runoff season, mean precipitation at most sites, in comparison to the BASE period, was smaller during the PRE period and larger during POST period, indicating that different HM regimes occurred during the runoff season for the PRE and POST periods. Water-year mean precipitation was less for both the PRE and POST periods because of decreases in winter-season precipitation; however, the water-year values for the POST period were not as small as those of the PRE period because more precipitation was concentrated in the runoff season. \r\n\r\nDuring both the PRE and POST periods, the mean water-year discharge was less than the BASE period for all but 15 of the 112 sites. Fourteen of the 15 sites were in a well-defined region (southern Idaho and southeastern Oregon), and 13 of the 14 had larger means only during the POST period. Winter-season streamflow was less for all but 11 sites during both PRE and POST periods; the largest decreases in the mean, more than 30 percent, were for an area in central Oregon. Except for the sites that had larger mean water-year discharge, runoff-season means also were less than those during the BASE period. \r\n\r\nChanges in the SOI and PNA index from the BASE period were generally similar to and consistent with those of the majority of the hydrologic data; dissimilarities were in well-defined regions and are attributed to the evolutionary nature of the regime shifts. Negative values of the SOI for the POST period were more persistent than those that have occurred during both the PRE and BASE periods. The changes in the PNA index and the geostrophic flow components during the POST period are consistent with drier and warmer conditions in the Pacific Northwest. The 700-millibar data display trends and differences between the BASE and POST periods; differences in composite anomalies for selected winter months between these periods show a well-defined PNA pattern. For many areas of the North Pacific, the record of SSTs shows a significant long-term trend","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024176","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 2002, Interdecadal changes in the hydrometeorological regime of the Pacific Northwest and in the regional-to-hemispheric climate regimes, and their linkages: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4176, 105 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024176.","productDescription":"105 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3832,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024176","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44605,"text":"wri024118 - 2002 - Ground water near Pella and in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska and Marion Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-05T11:49:32","indexId":"wri024118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4118","title":"Ground water near Pella and in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska and Marion Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Pella, Iowa, conducted a study of the ground-water resources in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska, and Marion Counties near Pella, Iowa, during 2000&ndash;01. The purpose of the study was to describe the ground-water resources in the Pella, Iowa, area.</p>\n<p>Following a review of available hydrologic and geologic information, the study focused on investigating the alluvial deposits along the South Skunk River within a 10-mile radius of the city of Pella. Thickness, lithologic, and water-quality data for the alluvial deposits in the South Skunk River Valley were collected at selected sites from August 2000 through July 2001.</p>\n<p>The South Skunk River alluvial aquifer near Pella consists of stratified deposits of sand and gravel of glacial and fluvial origin. The upper 15 to 20 feet of the alluvial deposits are interbedded with flood-plain clay and silt lenses and are overlain by a developed soil horizon. The alluvial aquifer is underlain by a thin (less than 50 feet thick) layer of glacial drift. Glacial drift, as it is defined in the study area, is a heterogeneous, unsorted, unstratified, unconsolidated, relatively impermeable deposit consisting of clay, sand, and gravel. The bedrock surface beneath the glacial drift consists primarily of shale and limestone of Pennsylvanian or Mississippian age. The alluvial sand and gravel deposits along the South Skunk River near Pella range from less than 30 to more than 80 feet thick. Saturated thickness of the alluvial aquifer ranges from 15 to about 70 feet.</p>\n<p>Water-quality samples were collected from four observation wells installed in the South Skunk River alluvial aquifer in the study area. Results of the water-quality sampling show that the chemical quality of the ground water is generally similar at all of the sampling sites. All ground-water samples were low in dissolved oxygen, which resulted in high concentrations of iron and manganese and reduced forms of nitrogen.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the city of Pella, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, J.P., and Sadorf, E.M., 2002, Ground water near Pella and in selected parts of Jasper, Mahaska and Marion Counties, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4118, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024118.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3706,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_02-4118.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2002_4118.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Jasper, Mahaska, Marion","city":"Pella","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [{\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.77473449707031,\n              41.50806309643413\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.79602050781249,\n              41.519374575145406\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83103942871094,\n              41.53788000371026\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.86056518554688,\n      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]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dd30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, James P.","contributorId":46599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadorf, Eric M. emsadorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadorf","given":"Eric","email":"emsadorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44974,"text":"wri024061 - 2002 - Report of hydrologic investigations in the Three Sisters area of central Oregon, Summer 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4061","title":"Report of hydrologic investigations in the Three Sisters area of central Oregon, Summer 2001","docAbstract":"An ongoing episode of crustal uplift centered in the Separation Creek drainage of the Three Sisters area, central Oregon Cascades, may result from a magmatic intrusion that began in 1998. An investigation of springs in this drainage in summer 2001 revealed slightly elevated water temperatures and chloride (Cl-) concentrations of up to about 5?C and 20 milligrams per liter (mg/L), respectively, above background. The total discharge of anomalous Cl- in Separation Creek was 9.2 grams per second, which in combination with the temperature-Cl- relation in the springs results in a total advective heat discharge of 16 MW (megawatts). Comparison with similar findings obtained a decade earlier suggests that total Cl- and heat discharges in the groundwater drainage are unaffected by the current uplift. However, the isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the spring waters (delta carbon-13 (13C) = -9.03 to -11.6?; carbon-14 (14C) <25 pmC) combined with helium-3/helium-4 (3He/4He) ratios near 8 RA and C/3He ratios <1010 in two of the springs are indicative of a magmatic source. The high 3He/4He ratios indicate that the magmatic gas is derived from a relatively recent, if not ongoing, intrusion. The concentration of magmatic carbon is low, a few millimoles per liter (mmol/L) at most, with an average value of 1.53 mmol/L for all the springs sampled in the drainage. Combining this average with the late-summer water flow in Separation Creek suggests a discharge of 21 tonnes/day of magmatic carbon dioxide (CO2). The presence of magmatic carbon in the shallow groundwater system, and the fact that DIC is uncorrelated with Cl-, suggests that some magmatic gas could escape diffusely through the soils.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024061","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., Mariner, R.H., Ingebritsen, S.E., Kennedy, B.M., van Soest, M.C., and Huebner, M., 2002, Report of hydrologic investigations in the Three Sisters area of central Oregon, Summer 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4061, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024061.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3847,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024061","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H. rmariner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"rmariner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, B. Mack","contributorId":82758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"van Soest, Matthias C.","contributorId":102537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Soest","given":"Matthias","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huebner, Mark A.","contributorId":27902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":44975,"text":"wri024075 - 2002 - Ground-water levels in the Floridan-Midville aquifer in the Breezy Hill area, Aiken and Edgefield Counties, South Carolina, April 1999-November 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T20:40:17.522486","indexId":"wri024075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4075","title":"Ground-water levels in the Floridan-Midville aquifer in the Breezy Hill area, Aiken and Edgefield Counties, South Carolina, April 1999-November 2000","docAbstract":"<p>The Breezy Hill area in Aiken and Edgefield Counties of west-central South Carolina is a rapidly growing region in need of increasing amounts of ground water. From 1995 to 1998, the local water utility increased ground-water withdrawals in the Breezy Hill area from 1.4 to 2.1 million gallons per day to meet water-supply demands. As development continues, future demands for ground water will likely put stress on the surfaceand ground-water resources of the area. To address this issue, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Aiken County, compiled and interpreted geologic and hydrologic data needed to map the ground-water system in the Breezy Hill study area.</p><p>The Breezy Hill study area consists of four interfluvial areas comprising the regions between Horse and Little Horse Creeks, Little Horse and Hightower Creeks, Hightower Creek and Franklin Branch, and Franklin Branch and Mims Branch. Across the interfluvial areas, the average elevation of the water-level surface ranged from 200 to 480 feet above sea level, and the average saturated thickness of the Floridan-Midville aquifer ranged from less than 20 to 70 feet thick. A water-level contour map of the surface of the Floridan-Midville aquifer indicates that recharge to the aquifer occurs mainly within the interfluves. Recharge is derived principally from precipitation, although there is some potential for ground-water recharge from underlying crystalline rocks. Ground water discharges along the flanks of the interfluves into the bounding streams where the elevations of the ground water and streams coincide.</p><p>From April 1999 to November 2000, calculated long-term normal precipitation totaled about 84.0 inches; however, actual recorded precipitation totaled 69.2 inches, representing about a 17.6 percent decrease in precipitation during this period. Published estimates of annual evapotranspiration range from 30 to 35 inches.</p><p>A U.S. Geological Survey surface-water gaging station located near the center of the study area on Little Horse Creek monitors runoff from a drainage area of 26.6 square miles. Average annual flow for the station for water years 1990-2000 was 33.8 cubic feet per second. From April 1999 to November 2000, the monthly average flow was less than the average monthly flow for the longterm record, excluding December 1999 to March 2000 when no data were collected. Monthly average flow for Little Horse Creek exceeded the normal monthly flow during June and July 1999.</p><p>Ground water in the Breezy Hill area is principally withdrawn from the unconfined Floridan- Midville aquifer. Ground-water withdrawals by the local water utility increased 37 percent from 1989 to 2000 (315.2 to 500 million gallons, respectively). From January 1999 to December 2000, the utility exceeded the long-term monthly average groundwater withdrawals for every month except September and December 2000. Calculated long-term monthly ground-water withdrawals by the utility for a 20-month period from April 1999 to November 2000 totaled 674 million gallons; however, actual ground-water withdrawals totaled 883 million gallons, which is 31 percent more than the long-term average ground-water withdrawals for the production wells.</p><p>Published estimates of average annual ground-water recharge rates for the study area range from 13 to 15 inches per year. A base-flow recession analysis of streamflow data for Little Horse Creek provided an estimated recharge rate of 14.9 inches per year for the drainage area. Using an estimated average porosity ranging from 30 to 35 percent observed in sand-aquifer cores, the average annual recharge of 13 to 15 inches would cause a 3.6- to 4.1-foot water-level change to the saturated thickness of the aquifer, if applied instantaneously. The water-level declines observed in wells from April 1999 to November 2000 approximated an average decline of 4 feet.</p><p>From November 1999 to November 2000, ground-water levels in six wells near utility pumping centers declined 2 to 5 feet. Long-term waterlevel declines of 10.27 and 11.50 feet were measured in two wells between May 1992 and April 2000, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024075","usgsCitation":"Harrelson, L.G., Falls, W.F., and Prowell, D.C., 2002, Ground-water levels in the Floridan-Midville aquifer in the Breezy Hill area, Aiken and Edgefield Counties, South Carolina, April 1999-November 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4075, iv, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024075.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162173,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":411738,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51833.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Aiken County, Edgefield County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan-Midville aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.9542,\n              33.6583\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9542,\n              33.48\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7747,\n              33.48\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.7747,\n              33.6583\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9542,\n              33.6583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667573","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrelson, Larry G.","contributorId":70059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrelson","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falls, W. Fred 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":107754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Fred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prowell, David C.","contributorId":46956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53428,"text":"wri024231 - 2002 - SUTRA: A model for 2D or 3D saturated-unsaturated, variable-density ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-16T11:34:13","indexId":"wri024231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4231","title":"SUTRA: A model for 2D or 3D saturated-unsaturated, variable-density ground-water flow with solute or energy transport","docAbstract":"SUTRA (Saturated-Unsaturated Transport) is a computer program that simulates fluid movement and the transport of either energy or dissolved substances in a subsurface environment. This upgraded version of SUTRA adds the capability for three-dimensional simulation to the former code (Voss, 1984), which allowed only two-dimensional simulation. The code employs a two- or three-dimensional finite-element and finite-difference method to approximate the governing equations that describe the two interdependent processes that are simulated: \r\n1) fluid density-dependent saturated or unsaturated ground-water flow; and \r\n2) either \r\n\r\n(a) transport of a solute in the ground water, in which the solute may be subject to: equilibrium adsorption on the porous matrix, and both first-order and zero-order production or decay; or \r\n(b) transport of thermal energy in the ground water and solid matrix of the aquifer. \r\nSUTRA may also be used to simulate simpler subsets of the above processes. A flow-direction-dependent dispersion process for anisotropic media is also provided by the code and is introduced in this report. As the primary calculated result, SUTRA provides fluid pressures and either solute concentrations or temperatures, as they vary with time, everywhere in the simulated subsurface system. \r\nSUTRA flow simulation may be employed for two-dimensional (2D) areal, cross sectional and three-dimensional (3D) modeling of saturated ground-water flow systems, and for cross sectional and 3D modeling of unsaturated zone flow. Solute-transport simulation using SUTRA may be employed to model natural or man-induced chemical-species transport including processes of solute sorption, production, and decay. For example, it may be applied to analyze ground-water contaminant transport problems and aquifer restoration designs. In addition, solute-transport simulation with SUTRA may be used for modeling of variable-density leachate movement, and for cross sectional modeling of saltwater intrusion in aquifers at near-well or regional scales, with either dispersed or relatively sharp transition zones between freshwater and saltwater. SUTRA energy-transport simulation may be employed to model thermal regimes in aquifers, subsurface heat conduction, aquifer thermal-energy storage systems, geothermal reservoirs, thermal pollution of aquifers, and natural hydrogeologic convection systems. \r\nMesh construction, which is quite flexible for arbitrary geometries, employs quadrilateral finite elements in 2D Cartesian or radial-cylindrical coordinate systems, and hexahedral finite elements in 3D systems. 3D meshes are currently restricted to be logically rectangular; in other words, they are similar to deformable finite-difference-style grids. Permeabilities may be anisotropic and may vary in both direction and magnitude throughout the system, as may most other aquifer and fluid properties. Boundary conditions, sources and sinks may be time dependent. A number of input data checks are made to verify the input data set. An option is available for storing intermediate results and restarting a simulation at the intermediate time. Output options include fluid velocities, fluid mass and solute mass or energy budgets, and time-varying observations at points in the system. Both the mathematical basis for SUTRA and the program structure are highly general, and are modularized to allow for straightforward addition of new methods or processes to the simulation. The FORTRAN-90 coding stresses clarity and modularity rather than efficiency, providing easy access for later modifications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024231","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., and Provost, A., 2002, SUTRA: A model for 2D or 3D saturated-unsaturated, variable-density ground-water flow with solute or energy transport (Version 2D3D.1): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4231, 250 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024231.","productDescription":"250 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":182213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5211,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/sutra/sutra.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 2D3D.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66c9f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Provost, A.M.","contributorId":16098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45006,"text":"wri024018 - 2002 - Simulation of runoff and water quality for 1990 and 2008 land-use conditions in the Reedy Creek watershed, east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T20:29:57.388541","indexId":"wri024018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4018","title":"Simulation of runoff and water quality for 1990 and 2008 land-use conditions in the Reedy Creek watershed, east-central Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrologic and water-quality data have been collected within the 177-square-mile Reedy Creek, Florida, watershed, beginning as early as 1939, but the data have not been used to evaluate relations among land use, hydrology, and water quality. A model of the Reedy Creek watershed was developed and applied to the period January 1990 to December 1995 to provide a computational foundation for evaluating the effects of future land-use changes on hydrology and water quality in the watershed.</span></p><p>The Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model was used to simulate hydrology and water quality of runoff for pervious land areas, impervious land areas, and stream reaches. Six land-use types were used to characterize the hydrology and water quality of pervious and impervious land areas in the Reedy Creek watershed: agriculture, rangeland, forest, wetlands, rapid infiltration basins, and urban areas. Hydrologic routing and water-quality reactions were simulated to characterize hydrologic and water-quality processes and the movement of runoff and its constituents through the main stream channels and their tributaries.</p><p>Because of the complexity of the stream system within the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID) (hydraulic structures, retention ponds) and the anticipated difficulty of modeling the system, an approach of calibrating the model parameters for a subset of the gaged watersheds and confirming the usefulness of the parameters by simulating the remainder of the gaged sites was selected for this study. Two sub-watersheds (Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek) were selected for calibration because both have similar land use to watersheds within the RCID (with the exception of urban areas). Given the lack of available rainfall data, the hydrologic calibration of the Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek sub-watersheds was considered acceptable (for monthly data, correlation coefficients, 0.86 and 0.88, and coefficients of model-fit efficiency, 0.72 and 0.74, respectively). The hydrologic model was tested by applying the parameter sets developed for Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek to other land areas within the Reedy Creek watershed, and by comparing the simulated results to observed data sets for Reedy Creek near Vineland, Bonnet Creek near Vineland, and Reedy Creek near Loughman. The hydrologic model confirmation for Reedy Creek near Vineland (correlation coefficient, 0.91, and coefficient of model fit efficiency, 0.78, for monthly flows) was acceptable. Flows for Bonnet Creek near Vineland were substantially under simulated. Consideration of the ground-water contribution to Bonnet Creek could improve the water balance simulation for Bonnet Creek near Vineland. On longer time scales (monthly or over the 72-month simulation period), simulated discharges for Reedy Creek near Loughman agreed well with observed data (correlation coefficient, 0.88). For monthly flows the coefficient of model-fit efficiency was 0.77. On a shorter time scale (less than a month), however, storm volumes were greatly over simulated and low flows (less than 8 cubic feet per second) were greatly under simulated. A primary reason for the poor results at low flows is the diversion of an unknown amount of water from the RCID at the Bonnet Creek near Kissimmee site.</p><p>Selection of water-quality constituents for simulation was based primarily on the availability of water-quality data. Dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus species were simulated. Representation of nutrient cycling in HSPF also required simulation of biochemical oxygen demand and phytoplankton populations. The correlation coefficient for simulated and observed daily mean dissolved oxygen concentration values at Reedy Creek near Vineland was 0.633. Simulated time series of total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen generally agreed well with periodically observed values for the Whittenhorse Creek and Davenport Creek sites. Simulated water-quality constituents at the Bonnet Creek and Reedy Creek near Vineland sites varied as to how well the values agreed with periodically observed constituent concentrations. Simulated water-quality constituent concentrations for the Reedy Creek near Loughman site generally agreed well with observed constituent concentrations.</p><p>Simulation of a future land-use scenario for the Reedy Creek watershed was based on the hydrologic and water-quality simulations, projected 2008 land use within the RCID, and assuming no change in existing land use for other areas within the Reedy Creek watershed but external to the RCID. The percentages of forest and urban-impervious land use showed the most change between existing and future land use; forest areas decreased by 50 percent and urban-impervious areas increased by 300 percent. Simulated values of mean total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations for existing and future land-use simulations were within 0.01 milligrams per liter of each other. The simulated maximum daily load increased an average of 10 percent for all constituents. Maximum daily nitrate nitrogen load increased about 17 percent, the greatest increase of all daily constituent loads. Duration curves of daily total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen load indicated an increase in the likelihood of exceeding a given load throughout the range of daily constituent loads at Reedy Creek near Loughman.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024018","usgsCitation":"Wicklein, S., and Schiffer, D.M., 2002, Simulation of runoff and water quality for 1990 and 2008 land-use conditions in the Reedy Creek watershed, east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4018, vi, 221 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024018.","productDescription":"vi, 221 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3874,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024018","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":395649,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_52030.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Reedy Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.73,\n              28.245\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              28.245\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              28.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73,\n              28.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.73,\n              28.245\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2230","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wicklein, Shaun 0000-0003-4551-1237 smwickle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4551-1237","contributorId":3389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicklein","given":"Shaun","email":"smwickle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schiffer, Donna M. schiffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"Donna","email":"schiffer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39938,"text":"wri20024156 - 2002 - Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T11:05:37","indexId":"wri20024156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4156","title":"Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000","docAbstract":"<p>The Grand Portage Reservation is located in northeastern Cook County, Minnesota at the boundary between Minnesota, USA, and Ontario, Canada. Between 1991 and 2000 the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of studies, with the cooperation with Grand Portage Band of Chippewa, to describe the water resources of the Grand Portage Reservation.</p>\n<p>Ground water moves primarily through fractures in the bedrock, probably in three ground-water systems: local, regional, and deep. Lake Superior is thought to be the discharge point for brines in the deep ground-water flow system.</p>\n<p>The watersheds in the Grand Portage Reservation are small and steep; consequently streams in the Grand Portage Reservation tend to be flashy. Lake stages rise and fall with rainfall.</p>\n<p>The pH of water in the Reservation is generally alkaline (pH greater than 7.0). The alkalinity of water in the Reservation is low. Concentrations of major ions are much greater in ground water than in spring water and surface water.</p>\n<p>The ionic composition of water in the Reservation differs depending upon the source of the water. Water from 11 of the 20 wells sampled are a calcium-sodium-chloride type. Water from wells GW-2, GW-7, and GW-11 had much greater specific conductance concentrations of major ions compared to the other wells. Some spring water (SP-1, SP-3, SP-4, SP-6, and SP-8) is calcium-bicarbonate type like surface water, whereas other spring water (SP-5 and SP-7) is similar to the calcium-sodium-chloride type occurring in samples from about one-half the wells. The major chemical constituents in surface water are bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium.</p>\n<p>Measured tritium and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations in water samples from springs and wells were used to determine the recharge age of the sampled water. The recharge ages of two of the wells sampled for tritium are before 1953. The recharge ages of the remaining 10 samples for tritium are probably after 1970. The recharge ages of seven SF6 samples were between 1973 and 1998.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri20024156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Grand Portage Band of Chippewa","usgsCitation":"Winterstein, T.A., 2002, Hydrology and Water Quality of the Grand Portage Reservation, Northeastern Minnesota, 1991-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4156, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024156.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319953,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri20024156.JPG"},{"id":9849,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Grand Portage Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.88533020019531, 47.986704750228434 ], [ -89.85649108886717, 47.94900593043644 ], [ -89.85340118408203, 47.942566796394466 ], [ -89.85099792480469, 47.937276907615285 ], [ -89.85614776611327, 47.936586882217306 ], [ -89.85683441162108, 47.93129638155639 ], [ -89.86679077148438, 47.93083631243992 ], [ -89.86713409423828, 47.87421659624276 ], [ -89.85958099365234, 47.875137737346776 ], [ -89.857177734375, 47.875137737346776 ], [ -89.85511779785156, 47.87421659624276 ], [ -89.84928131103516, 47.875598301758174 ], [ -89.85031127929688, 47.87882213801325 ], [ -89.84790802001953, 47.87836160225796 ], [ -89.84481811523438, 47.87882213801325 ], [ -89.84310150146484, 47.878131332845186 ], [ -89.83863830566406, 47.87974319724273 ], [ 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,{"id":44940,"text":"wri024202 - 2002 - Hydrology and chemistry of floodwaters in the Yolo Bypass, Sacramento River system, California, during 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:52:55","indexId":"wri024202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4202","title":"Hydrology and chemistry of floodwaters in the Yolo Bypass, Sacramento River system, California, during 2000","docAbstract":"<p>Discharges to and floodwaters in the Yolo Bypass were sampled during winter and spring, 2000. The primary purpose of the study was to link changes in water quality in the Yolo Bypass to inflows from the Sacramento River (over Fremont Weir) and from four local streams that discharge to the west side of the floodplain. Specific conductance, chloride, sulfate, dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, particulate carbon and nitrogen, suspended particulate matter (mass), and selected dissolved metals were measured in most of the samples. When the Sacramento River was spilling over Fremont Weir, the water chemistry in the Yolo Bypass was very similar to that in the river except along the western margin of the floodplain where influences of local stream inflow were evident. When flow over Fremont Weir stopped, floodwaters drained from the Yolo Bypass, and the local streams were the major discharges as the floodwaters receded eventually to the perennial channel along the eastern margin of the floodplain. After the initial draining of the floodplain, chemical concentrations at sites along the perennial channel showed strong influences of inflows from Cache Creek and Ridge Cut, which are sources of nutrients and contaminants that are potentially hazardous to wildlife. Runoff from spring storms increased flow in the perennial channel and flushed accumulated nutrients and organic matter to the tidal river. Releases of freshwater to the perennial channel might be beneficial in maintaining habitat quality for aquatic species during the dry seasons.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024202","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L.E., Cox, M.H., Hager, S.W., and Sommer, T.R., 2002, Hydrology and chemistry of floodwaters in the Yolo Bypass, Sacramento River system, California, during 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4202, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024202.","productDescription":"71 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024202","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.69692993164062,\n              38.23494411562881\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.54586791992188,\n              38.23494411562881\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.54586791992188,\n              38.78941577989049\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.69692993164062,\n              38.78941577989049\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.69692993164062,\n              38.23494411562881\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, Marisa H.","contributorId":52146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Marisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sommer, Theodore R.","contributorId":41396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommer","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":44997,"text":"wri20014266 - 2002 - Hurricane Mitch: Peak Discharge for Selected River Reachesin Honduras","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:06","indexId":"wri20014266","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4266","title":"Hurricane Mitch: Peak Discharge for Selected River Reachesin Honduras","docAbstract":"Hurricane Mitch began as a tropical depression in the Caribbean Sea on 22 October 1998. By 26 October, Mitch had strengthened to a Category 5 storm as defined by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale (National Climate Data Center, 1999a), and on 27 October was threatening the northern coast of Honduras (fig. 1). After making landfall 2 days later (29 October), the storm drifted south and west across Honduras, wreaking destruction throughout the country before reaching the Guatemalan border on 31 October.\r\n\r\nAccording to the National Climate Data Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Climate Data Center, 1999b), Hurricane Mitch ranks among the five strongest storms on record in the Atlantic Basin in terms of its sustained winds, barometric pressure, and duration. Hurricane Mitch also was one of the worst Atlantic storms in terms of loss of life and property. The regionwide death toll was estimated to be more than 9,000; thousands of people were reported missing. Economic losses in the region were more than $7.5 billion (U.S. Agency for International Development, 1999).\r\n\r\nHonduras suffered the most widespread devastation during the storm. More than 5,000 deaths, and economic losses of more than $4 billion, were reported by the Government of Honduras. Honduran officials estimated that Hurricane Mitch destroyed 50 years of economic development. In addition to the human and economic losses, intense flooding and landslides scarred the Honduran landscape - hydrologic and geomorphologic processes throughout the country likely will be affected for many years.\r\n\r\nAs part of the U.S. Government's response to the disaster, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted post-flood measurements of peak discharge at 16 river sites throughout Honduras (fig. 2). Such measurements, termed 'indirect' measurements, are used to determine peak flows when direct measurements (using current meters or dye studies, for example) cannot be made. Indirect measurements of peak discharge are based on post-flood surveys of the river channel (observed high-water marks, cross sections, and hydraulic properties) and model computation of peak discharge. Determination of the flood peaks associated with Hurricane Mitch will help scientists understand the magnitude of this devastating hurricane. Peak-discharge information also is critical for the proper design of hydraulic structures (such as bridges and levees), delineation of theoretical flood boundaries, and development of stage-discharge relations at streamflow-monitoring sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014266","usgsCitation":"Smith, M.E., Phillips, J.V., and Spahr, N.E., 2002, Hurricane Mitch: Peak Discharge for Selected River Reachesin Honduras: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4266, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014266.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4266/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":82256,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4266/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Mark E.","contributorId":75584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey V.","contributorId":86327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39931,"text":"wri024138 - 2002 - Flux of dissolved forms of mercury across the sediment-water interface in Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-18T19:40:34","indexId":"wri024138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4138","displayTitle":"Flux of Dissolved Forms of Mercury Across the Sediment-water Interface in Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada","title":"Flux of dissolved forms of mercury across the sediment-water interface in Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024138","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Praskins, W., Byron, E., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Fend, S.V., Parcheso, F., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Gustin, M., 2002, Flux of dissolved forms of mercury across the sediment-water interface in Lahontan Reservoir, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4138, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024138.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024138","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska ","otherGeospatial":"Lahontan Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.40,\n              39.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.40,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.25,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de57d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark","contributorId":57423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Praskins, Wayne","contributorId":55503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Praskins","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byron, Earl","contributorId":19216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byron","given":"Earl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":222628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gustin, Mae S.","contributorId":97974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustin","given":"Mae S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":44986,"text":"wri014222 - 2002 - Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally occurring terrestrial materials and reagents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T14:56:39.461731","indexId":"wri014222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4222","title":"Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally occurring terrestrial materials and reagents","docAbstract":"Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic weight uncertainties.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis compilation indicates the extent to which the atomic weight of an element in a given material may differ from the standard atomic weight of the element. For most elements given above, data are graphically illustrated by a diagram in which the materials are specified in the ordinate and the compositional ranges are plotted along the abscissa in scales of (1) atomic weight, (2) mole fraction of a selected isotope, and (3) delta value of a selected isotope ratio.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThere are no internationally distributed isotopic reference materials for the elements zinc, selenium, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium. Preparation of such materials will help to make isotope ratio measurements among laboratories comparable.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe minimum and maximum concentrations of a selected isotope in naturally occurring terrestrial materials for selected chemical elements reviewed in this report are given below:\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nIsotope Minimum\r\nmole fraction  Maximum\r\nmole fraction  \r\n\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n \r\n2H  0 .000 0255 0 .000 1838 \r\n7Li 0 .9227 0 .9278 \r\n11B 0 .7961 0 .8107 \r\n13C 0 .009 629 0 .011 466 \r\n15N 0 .003 462 0 .004 210 \r\n18O 0 .001 875 0 .002 218 \r\n26Mg 0 .1099 0 .1103 \r\n30Si 0 .030 816 0 .031 023 \r\n34S 0 .0398 0 .0473 \r\n37Cl 0 .240 77 0 .243 56 \r\n44Ca 0 .020 82 0 .020 92 \r\n53Cr 0 .095 01 0 .095 53  \r\n56Fe 0 .917 42 0 .917 60 \r\n65Cu 0 .3066 0 .3102 \r\n205Tl 0 .704 72 0 .705 06 \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe numerical values above have uncertainties that depend upon the uncertainties of the determinations of the absolute isotope-abundance variations of reference materials of the elements. Because reference materials used for absolute isotope-abundance measurements have not been included in relative isotope abundance investigations of zinc, selenium, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium, ranges in isotopic composition are not listed for these elements, although such ranges may be measurable with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThis report is available at the url: http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014222.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014222","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., Hopple, J., Böhlke, J., Peiser, H., Rieder, S., Krouse, H., Rosman, K., Ding, T., Vocke, R., Revesz, K., Lamberty, A., Taylor, P., and De Bievre, P., 2002, Compilation of minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally occurring terrestrial materials and reagents: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4222, ix, 98 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014222.","productDescription":"ix, 98 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":3861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014222/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99357,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4222/report.pdf","size":"10133","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopple, J.A. 0000-0003-3180-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":85235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peiser, H.S.","contributorId":64303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peiser","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rieder, S.E.","contributorId":66751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieder","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krouse, H.R.","contributorId":63067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krouse","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rosman, K.J.R.","contributorId":27903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"K.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ding, T.","contributorId":70450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vocke, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":9310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vocke","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Revesz, K.M.","contributorId":78787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lamberty, A.","contributorId":49414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberty","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Taylor, P.","contributorId":74047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"De Bievre, P.","contributorId":22399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Bievre","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":44996,"text":"wri014254 - 2002 - Three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model for use with a steady-state numerical ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri014254","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4254","title":"Three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model for use with a steady-state numerical ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Department of Energy and other Federal, State, and local agencies, is evaluating the hydrogeologic characteristics of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system. The ground-water flow system covers an area of about 100,000 square kilometers from latitude 35? to 38?15' North to longitude 115? to 118? West, with the flow system proper comprising about 45,000 square kilometers. The Death Valley regional ground-water flow system is one of the larger flow systems within the Southwestern United States and includes in its boundaries the Nevada Test Site, Yucca Mountain, and much of Death Valley. Part of this study includes the construction of a three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model to serve as the foundation for the development of a steady-state regional ground-water flow model. The digital framework model provides a computer-based description of the geometry and composition of the hydrogeologic units that control regional flow. The framework model of the region was constructed by merging two previous framework models constructed for the Yucca Mountain Project and the Environmental Restoration Program Underground Test Area studies at the Nevada Test Site.\r\n\r\nThe hydrologic characteristics of the region result from a currently arid climate and complex geology. Interbasinal regional ground-water flow occurs through a thick carbonate-rock sequence of Paleozoic age, a locally thick volcanic-rock sequence of Tertiary age, and basin-fill alluvium of Tertiary and Quaternary age. Throughout the system, deep and shallow ground-water flow may be controlled by extensive and pervasive regional and local faults and fractures.\r\n\r\nThe framework model was constructed using data from several sources to define the geometry of the regional hydrogeologic units. These data sources include (1) a 1:250,000-scale hydrogeologic-map compilation of the region; (2) regional-scale geologic cross sections; (3) borehole information, and (4) gridded surfaces from a previous three-dimensional geologic model. In addition, digital elevation model data were used in conjunction with these data to define ground-surface altitudes. These data, properly oriented in three dimensions by using geographic information systems, were combined and gridded to produce the upper surfaces of the hydrogeologic units used in the flow model. The final geometry of the framework model is constructed as a volumetric model by incorporating the intersections of these gridded surfaces and by applying fault truncation rules to structural features from the geologic map and cross sections. The cells defining the geometry of the hydrogeologic framework model can be assigned several attributes such as lithology, hydrogeologic unit, thickness, and top and bottom altitudes.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014254","usgsCitation":"Belcher, W., Faunt, C., and D’Agnese, F.A., 2002, Three-dimensional hydrogeologic framework model for use with a steady-state numerical ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4254, -, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014254.","productDescription":"-","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3867,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014254","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b492f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belcher, Wayne R.","contributorId":79446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belcher","given":"Wayne R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Agnese, Frank A.","contributorId":47810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44878,"text":"wri20014275 - 2002 - Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T14:54:35.187585","indexId":"wri20014275","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4275","title":"Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida","docAbstract":"<p class=\"BodyText\">Ground-water resources in southern Florida are under increasing stress caused a rapid growth in population. As a result of increased demands on aquifers, water managers need more timely and accurate assessments of ground-water conditions in order to avoid or reduce adverse effects such as saltwater intrusion, loss of pumpage in residential water-supply wells, land-surface subsidence, and aquifer compaction.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">Hydrologic data were analyzed from three aquifer systems in southern Florida: the surficial aquifer system, which includes the Biscayne aquifer; the intermediate aquifer system, which includes the sandstone and mid-Hawthorn aquifers; and the Florida aquifer system represented by the lower Hawthorn producing zone. Long-term water-level trends were analyzed using the Seasonal Kendall trend test in 83 monitoring wells with a daily-value record spanning 26 years (1974-99). The majority of the wells with data for this period were in the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. Only 14 wells in southwestern Florida aquifers and 9 in the surficial aquifer system of Martin and Palm Beach Counties had data for the full period. Because many monitoring wells did not have data for this full period, several shorter periods were evaluated as well. The trend tests revealed small but statistically significant upward trends in most aquifers, but large and localized downward trends in the sandstone and mid-Hawthorn aquifers.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">Monthly means of maximum daily water levels from 246 wells were compared to monthly rainfall totals from rainfall stations in southwestern and southeastern Florida in order to determine which monitoring wells most clearly indicated decreases in water levels that corresponded to prolonged rainfall shortages. Of this total, 104 wells had periods of record over 20 years and could be compared against several drought periods. After factors such as lag, seasonal cyclicity, and cumulative functions were considered, the timing of minimum values of water level from 15 ground-water monitoring wells and average minimum rainfall values agreed 57 to 62 percent of the time over a 20 to 26 year period. On average, the timing of water-level minimums and rainfall minimums agreed about 52 percent of the time, and in some cases only agreed 29 percent of the time.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">A regression analysis was used to evaluate daily water levels from 203 monitoring wells that are currently, or recently had been, part of the network to determine which wells were most representative of each aquifer. The regression also was used to determine which wells provided data that could be used to provide estimations of water levels at other wells in the aquifer with a coefficient of determination (R2 value) from the regression of 0.64 or greater. In all, the regression analysis alone indicated that 35 wells generally had 10 years or more of data and could be used to directly monitor water levels or to estimate water levels at 180 of 203 wells (89 percent of the network). Ultimately, factors such as existing instrumentation, well construction, long-term water-level trends, and variations of water level and chloride concentration were considered together with the R<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>results in designing the final network.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">The Seasonal Kendall trend test was used to examine trends in ground-water chloride concentrations in 113 wells. Of these wells, 61 showed statistically significant trends. Fifty-six percent (34 of 61 wells) of the observed trends in chloride concentration were upward and 44 percent (27 of 61 wells) were downward. The relation between water level and chloride concentration in 114 ground-water wells was examined using Spearman's<span>&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-family: symbol;\">r</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and Pearson's<span>&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;</span>correlation coefficients. Statistically significant results showed both positive and negative relations. Based on the results of statistical analyses, period of record, well construction, and existing satellite telemetry, 33 monitoring wells were selected that could be used to assess ground-water conditions in 167 monitoring wells in southern Florida on an interim basis.</p><p class=\"BodyText\">A real-time ground-water level monitoring network (<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910203519/http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html\" data-mce-href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150910203519/http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html\">http://www.sflorida.er.usgs.gov/ddn_data/index.html</a>) was designed to provide this information, and a prototype website was constructed to provide water managers with daily updates on ground-water conditions in southern Florida. Many of the same analytical tools used to select monitoring wells representative of aquifer conditions are also employed to analyze data for this website. These tools include regression analysis, the Seasonal Kendall trend test, and frequency analysis. The website also includes image maps showing the current conditions for stations in selected geographical areas and aquifers and statistical comparison plots for each station.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014275","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., Lietz, A., and Irvin, R., 2002, Design of a real-time ground-water level monitoring network and portrayal of hydrologic data in southern Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4275, vi, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014275.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":380743,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://permanent.fdlp.gov/lps100464/fl.water.usgs.gov/PDF_files/wri01_4275_prinos.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0244140625,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.0244140625,\n              27.581329075043357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              27.581329075043357\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.254638671875,\n              25.085598897064752\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667e25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lietz, A.C.","contributorId":40957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietz","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irvin, R.B.","contributorId":10014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvin","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44939,"text":"wri024192 - 2002 - Estimating ground-water inflow to lakes in central Florida using the isotope mass-balance approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:53","indexId":"wri024192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4192","title":"Estimating ground-water inflow to lakes in central Florida using the isotope mass-balance approach","docAbstract":"The isotope mass-balance approach was used to estimate ground-water inflow to 81 lakes in the central highlands and coastal lowlands of central Florida. The study area is characterized by a subtropical climate and numerous lakes in a mantled karst terrain. Ground-water inflow was computed using both steady-state and transient formulations of the isotope mass-balance equation. More detailed data were collected from two study lakes, including climatic, hydrologic, and isotopic (hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratio) data. For one of these lakes (Lake Starr), ground-water inflow was independently computed from a water-budget study. Climatic and isotopic data collected from the two lakes were similar even though they were in different physiographic settings about 60 miles apart. Isotopic data from all of the study lakes plotted on an evaporation trend line, which had a very similar slope to the theoretical slope computed for Lake Starr. These similarities suggest that data collected from the detailed study lakes can be extrapolated to the rest of the study area. \r\n\r\nGround-water inflow computed using the isotope mass-balance approach ranged from 0 to more than 260 inches per year (or 0 to more than 80 percent of total inflows). Steady-state and transient estimates of ground-water inflow were very similar. Computed ground-water inflow was most sensitive to uncertainty in variables used to calculate the isotopic composition of lake evaporate (isotopic compositions of lake water and atmospheric moisture and climatic variables). Transient results were particularly sensitive to changes in the isotopic composition of lake water. Uncertainty in ground-water inflow results is considerably less for lakes with higher ground-water inflow than for lakes with lower ground-water inflow. Because of these uncertainties, the isotope mass-balance approach is better used to distinguish whether ground-water inflow quantities fall within certain ranges of values, rather than for precise quantification. \r\n\r\nThe lakes fit into three categories based on their range of ground-water inflow: low (less than 25 percent of total inflows), medium (25-50 percent of inflows), and high (greater than 50 percent of inflows). The majority of lakes in the coastal lowlands had low ground-water inflow, whereas the majority of lakes in the central highlands had medium to high ground-water inflow. \r\n\r\nMultiple linear regression models were used to predict ground-water inflow to lakes. These models help identify basin characteristics that are important in controlling ground-water inflow to Florida lakes. Significant explanatory variables include: ratio of basin area to lake surface area, depth to the Upper Floridan aquifer, maximum lake depth, and fraction of wetlands in the basin. Models were improved when lake water-quality data (nitrate, sodium, and iron concentrations) were included, illustrating the link between ground-water geochemistry and lake chemistry. Regression models that considered lakes within specific geographic areas were generally poorer than models for the entire study area. Regression results illustrate how more simplified models based on basin and lake characteristics can be used to estimate ground-water inflow. \r\n\r\nAlthough the uncertainty in the amount of ground-water inflow to individual lakes is high, the isotope mass-balance approach was useful in comparing the range of ground-water inflow for numerous Florida lakes. Results were also helpful in understanding differences in the geographic distribution of ground-water inflow between the coastal lowlands and central highlands. In order to use the isotope mass-balance approach to estimate inflow for multiple lakes, it is essential that all the lakes are sampled during the same time period and that detailed isotopic, hydrologic, and climatic data are collected over this same period of time. Isotopic data for Florida lakes can change over time, both seasonally and interannually, primarily because of differ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024192","usgsCitation":"Sacks, L.A., 2002, Estimating ground-water inflow to lakes in central Florida using the isotope mass-balance approach: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4192, v, 47 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.; 6 appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024192.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.; 6 appendixes","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3814,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sacks, Laura A.","contributorId":19134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sacks","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50685,"text":"ofr2002338 - 2002 - Digital Geospatial Datasets in Support of Hydrologic Investigations of the Colorado Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"ofr2002338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-338","title":"Digital Geospatial Datasets in Support of Hydrologic Investigations of the Colorado Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey developed this dataset as part of the Colorado Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (FRIRP).  One goal of the FRIRP was to provide information on the availability of those hydrogeologic resources that are either critical to maintaining infrastructure along the northern Front Range or that may become less available because of urban expansion in the northern Front Range.  This dataset extends from the Boulder-Jefferson County line on the south, to the middle of Larimer and Weld Counties on the North. On the west, this dataset is bounded by the approximate mountain front of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains;  on the east, by an arbitrary north-south line extending through a point about 6.5 kilometers east of Greeley.  This digital geospatial dataset consists of digitized contours of unconsolidated-sediment thickness (depth to bedrock).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002338","usgsCitation":"Rafferty, S.A., Arnold, L.R., and Char, S.J., 2002, Digital Geospatial Datasets in Support of Hydrologic Investigations of the Colorado Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-338, Data Set, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002338.","productDescription":"Data Set","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ofr02-338_sedthick.xml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"50000","projection":"Transverse Mercator","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b45e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rafferty, Sharon A.","contributorId":33360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rafferty","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Char, Stephen J. sjchar@usgs.gov","contributorId":3982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Char","given":"Stephen","email":"sjchar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44572,"text":"wri024249 - 2002 - Simulation of flow and effects of best-management practices in the upper Seco Creek basin, south-central Texas, 1991-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T10:56:17","indexId":"wri024249","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4249","title":"Simulation of flow and effects of best-management practices in the upper Seco Creek basin, south-central Texas, 1991-98","docAbstract":"<p>The Hydrological Simulation Program— FORTRAN model was used to assess the effects of two best-management practices—brush management (removal of woody species locally known as cedar) and weather modification (rainfall enhancement)—on selected hydrologic processes in six subbasins that compose the upper Seco Creek Basin in south-central Texas. A parameter set for use with the model was developed to simulate surface-water-budget components for the six gaged subbasins.</p><p>Simulation of brush management, represented by decreases in simulated evapotranspiration of 5 to 6 percent, resulted in increases of 1 to 47 percent in annual runoff and increases of 14 to 48 percent in surface runoff for the six subbasins. Simulation of weather modification, represented by a 10-percent increase in rainfall totals and intensities, resulted in increases of 5 to 6 percent in evapotranspiration, increases of 2 to 92 percent in annual runoff, and increases of 36 to 101 percent in surface runoff. </p><p>Rainfall and runoff data for the study were collected during January 1, 1991–September 30, 1998. Data from 60 storms were used for the simulations. The model was calibrated with data from 33 storms (in two subbasins) and tested with data from 27 storms (in four subbasins). Twenty-one pervious land segments were defined for the study on the basis of geology and land cover. An error analysis and a sensitivity analysis were done on each subbasin, and the results were used to develop the final parameter set. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/wri024249","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Brown, D.S., and Raines, T.H., 2002, Simulation of flow and effects of best-management practices in the upper Seco Creek basin, south-central Texas, 1991-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4249, HTML Document; Report: iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024249.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3693,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri02-4249/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":335469,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4249/pdf/wri02-4249.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Seco Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.5416259765625,\n              29.794175906436607\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.60205078124999,\n              29.798942848363467\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.67208862304686,\n              29.790600550959457\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7283935546875,\n              29.760800955544514\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.75036621093749,\n              29.68924576848234\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.75723266601561,\n              29.60092416008231\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.7283935546875,\n              29.492206334848714\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.69268798828125,\n              29.39055120877056\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.66522216796875,\n              29.345072482286373\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.613037109375,\n              29.30316621811306\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.58145141601562,\n              29.27681632836857\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.50454711914062,\n              29.27202470909843\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.34661865234375,\n              29.297178203733303\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.26834106445312,\n              29.318733411709456\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.21066284179688,\n              29.41447921856294\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.22027587890624,\n              29.458731185355344\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.2449951171875,\n              29.529255208335545\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.30267333984375,\n              29.630771207229\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.3328857421875,\n              29.660609413340286\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.35897827148438,\n              29.67850809103362\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.39193725585936,\n              29.714295887474798\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.48944091796875,\n              29.76914573606667\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.5416259765625,\n              29.794175906436607\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48f3e4b07f02db55a8b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, David S. 0000-0002-0917-6278 dsbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-6278","contributorId":3808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David","email":"dsbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raines, Timothy H. thraines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Timothy","email":"thraines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39947,"text":"wri024191 - 2002 - Environmental Characteristics and Geographic Information System Applications for the Development of Nutrient Thresholds in Oklahoma Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:59","indexId":"wri024191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4191","title":"Environmental Characteristics and Geographic Information System Applications for the Development of Nutrient Thresholds in Oklahoma Streams","docAbstract":"The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency has developed nutrient criteria using ecoregions to manage and protect rivers and streams in the United States. Individual states and tribes are encouraged by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to modify or improve upon the ecoregion approach. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board uses a dichotomous process that stratifies streams using environmental characteristics such as stream order and stream slope. This process is called the Use Support Assessment Protocols, subchapter15. The Use Support Assessment Protocols can be used to identify streams threatened by excessive amounts of nutrients, dependant upon a beneficial use designation for each stream. The Use Support Assessment Protocols, subchapter 15 uses nutrient and environmental characteristic thresholds developed from a study conducted in the Netherlands, but the Oklahoma Water Resources Board wants to modify the thresholds to reflect hydrologic and ecological conditions relevant to Oklahoma streams and rivers.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEnvironmental characteristics thought to affect impairment from nutrient concentrations in Oklahoma streams and rivers were determined for 798 water-quality sites in Oklahoma. Nutrient, chlorophyll, water-properties, and location data were retrieved from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STORET database including data from the U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Conservation Commission, and Oklahoma Water Resources Board. Drainage-basin area, stream order, stream slope, and land-use proportions were determined for each site using a Geographic Information System. The methods, procedures, and data sets used to determine the environmental characteristics are described.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024191","usgsCitation":"Masoner, J.R., Haggard, B.E., and Rea, A., 2002, Environmental Characteristics and Geographic Information System Applications for the Development of Nutrient Thresholds in Oklahoma Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4191, iv, 43 p. (1 folded) : ill., maps ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024191.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p. (1 folded) : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3645,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masoner, Jason R. 0000-0002-4829-6379 jmasoner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-6379","contributorId":3193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masoner","given":"Jason","email":"jmasoner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haggard, Brian E.","contributorId":20299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggard","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rea, Alan","contributorId":41018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rea","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":47807,"text":"fs13602 - 2002 - SIMSPAR model simulates the impact of hydrology on the Cape Sable seaside sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:54:32.324533","indexId":"fs13602","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"136-02","displayTitle":"SIMSPAR Model Simulates the Impact of Hydrology on the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow","title":"SIMSPAR model simulates the impact of hydrology on the Cape Sable seaside sparrow","docAbstract":"<p>SIMSPAR is a spatially-explicit, individual-based model designed as a management and evaluation tool for the Cape Sable seaside sparrow (<i>Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis</i>), an endangered subspecies of seaside sparrow that lives exclusively in the southern Everglades. The model is designed to simulate how changes in hydrology across the nesting area of the sparrow is likely to affect the reproductive success and, therefore, the population viability of the Cape Sable sparrow. SIMSPAR has been developed at the University of Tennessee under the USGS's Across Trophic Level System Simulation (ATLSS) Program.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs13602","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D.L., Nott, P., and Gross, L.J., 2002, SIMSPAR Model Simulates the Impact of Hydrology on the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2002–136, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13602.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120208,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0136/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2002/0136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.69665164999732,\n              26.277550353151085\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.69665164999732,\n              25.14159932598055\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.18149074247094,\n              25.14159932598055\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.18149074247094,\n              26.277550353151085\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.69665164999732,\n              26.277550353151085\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Why the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow Is in Danger?</li><li>What the SIMSPAR Model Is Designed to Do and How it Works?</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2002-10-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nott, Philip","contributorId":75209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Louis J.","contributorId":56705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50687,"text":"ofr2002348 - 2002 - Selected micrometeorological and soil-moisture data at Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 1998-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-16T21:30:50.696677","indexId":"ofr2002348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-348","title":"Selected micrometeorological and soil-moisture data at Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 1998-2000","docAbstract":"Selected micrometeorological and soil-moisture data were collected at the Amargosa Desert Research Site adjacent to a low-level radioactive waste and hazardous chemical waste facility near Beatty, Nev., 1998-2000. Data were collected in support of ongoing research studies to improve the understanding of hydrologic and contaminant-transport processes in arid environments. \r\n\r\nMicrometeorological data include precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, net radiation, relative humidity, ambient vapor pressure, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, soil temperature, and soil-heat flux. All micrometeorological data were collected using a 10-second sampling interval by data loggers that output daily mean, maximum, and minimum values, and hourly mean values. For precipitation, data output consisted of daily, hourly, and 5-minute totals. Soil-moisture data included periodic measurements of soil-water content at nine neutron-probe access tubes with measurable depths ranging from 5.25 to 29.75 meters.\r\n\r\nThe computer data files included in this report contain the complete micrometeorological and soil-moisture data sets. The computer data consists of seven files with about 14 megabytes of information. The seven files are in tabular format: (1) one file lists daily mean, maximum, and minimum micrometeorological data and daily total precipitation; (2) three files list hourly mean micrometeorological data and hourly precipitation for each year (1998-2000); (3) one file lists 5-minute precipitation data; (4) one file lists mean soil-water content by date and depth at four experimental sites; and (5) one file lists soil-water content by date and depth for each neutron-probe access tube.\r\n\r\nThis report highlights selected data contained in the computer data files using figures, tables, and brief discussions. Instrumentation used for data collection also is described. Water-content profiles are shown to demonstrate variability of water content with depth. Time-series data are plotted to illustrate temporal variations in micrometeorological and soil-water content data. Substantial precipitation at the end of an El Ni?o cycle in early 1998 resulted in measurable water penetration to a depth of 1.25 meters at one of the four experimental soil-monitoring sites.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Sruvey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2002348","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., Mayers, C.J., and Andraski, B.J., 2002, Selected micrometeorological and soil-moisture data at Amargosa Desert Research Site in Nye County near Beatty, Nevada, 1998-2000 (Version 1.3: March, 2007): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-348, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2002348.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":179682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":389375,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_80791.htm"},{"id":4162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr02348/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.6833,\n              36.7708\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6958,\n              36.7708\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6958,\n              36.7625\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6833,\n              36.7625\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6833,\n              36.7708\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.3: March, 2007","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f803e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayers, Charles J.","contributorId":108185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":242077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}