Water samples collected from rivers in the Mississippi River Basin were analyzed for selected herbicides to evaluate their discharge to the Gulf of Mexico and to identify their predominant source areas within the basin. Samples were collected from the Mississippi River at Baton Rouge, LA from 1991 to 1997 and from sites on the upper Mississippi, the Missouri, and the Ohio Rivers from 1996 to 1997. Atrazine, metolachlor, and alachlor ESA (an alachlor metabolite) were the most frequently detected herbicides in the Mississippi River at Baton Rouge, and, in general, were present in the largest concentrations. The peak annual herbicide load was in 1993 when about 640 metric tons of atrazine, 320 metric tons of cyanazine, 215 metric tons of metolachlor, 53 metric tons of simazine, and 50 metric tons of alachlor were discharged to the Gulf of Mexico. The annual load of atrazine and cyanazine was generally 1−3% of the amount annually applied in the Mississippi River drainage basin; the annual load of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor was generally less than 1%. During 1996−1997 the Ohio River contributed about 50% of the discharge and 50% or more of the herbicide load to the Gulf of Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es980962u","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., Goolsby, D.A., and Battaglin, W., 1999, Seasonal and annual load of herbicides from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 7, p. 981-986, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980962u.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"981","endPage":"986","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba425e4b0849ce97dc7b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, G. M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022128,"text":"70022128 - 1999 - Analysis of the tsunami generated by the MW 7.8 1906 San Francisco earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T01:52:47.797085","indexId":"70022128","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the tsunami generated by the MW 7.8 1906 San Francisco earthquake","docAbstract":"We examine possible sources of a small tsunami produced by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, recorded at a single tide gauge station situated at the opening to San Francisco Bay. Coseismic vertical displacement fields were calculated using elastic dislocation theory for geodetically constrained horizontal slip along a variety of offshore fault geometries. Propagation of the ensuing tsunami was calculated using a shallow-water hydrodynamic model that takes into account the effects of bottom friction. The observed amplitude and negative pulse of the first arrival are shown to be inconsistent with small vertical displacements (∼4–6 cm) arising from pure horizontal slip along a continuous right bend in the San Andreas fault offshore. The primary source region of the tsunami was most likely a recently recognized 3 km right step in the San Andreas fault that is also the probable epicentral region for the 1906 earthquake. Tsunami models that include the 3 km right step with pure horizontal slip match the arrival time of the tsunami, but underestimate the amplitude of the negative first-arrival pulse. Both the amplitude and time of the first arrival are adequately matched by using a rupture geometry similar to that defined for the 1995 Mw (moment magnitude) 6.9 Kobe earthquake: i.e., fault segments dipping toward each other within the stepover region (83° dip, intersecting at 10 km depth) and a small component of slip in the dip direction (rake = −172°). Analysis of the tsunami provides confirming evidence that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake initiated at a right step in a right-lateral fault and propagated bilaterally, suggesting a rupture initiation mechanism similar to that for the 1995 Kobe earthquake.
The Mesabi Range along the north edge of the Paleoproterozoic Penokean orogen in northern Minnesota has produced 3.6 billion metric tons of ore since its discovery in 1890. Of that amount, 2.3 billion metric tons were extracted from hematite-or goethite-rich deposits generally referred to as \"high-grade\" ores. The high-grade ores formed as the Biwabik Iron-Formation was oxidized, hydrated, and leached by solutions flowing along open faults and fractures. The source of the ore-forming solutions has been debated since it was first proposed that the ores were weathering products formed by descending meteoritic ground-water flowing in late Mesozoic time. Subsequently others believed that the ores were better explained by ascending solutions, possibly hydrothermal solutions of pre-Phanerzoic age. Neither Wolff nor Gruner could reconcile their observations with a reasonable source for the solutions. In this paper, I build on modern mapping of the Mesabi Range and mine-specific geologic observations summarized in the literature to propose a conceptual model in which the high-grade ores formed from ascending solutions that were part of a continent-scale topographic or gravity-driven ground-water system. I propose that the ground-water system was active during the later stages of the development of a coupled fold and thrust belt and foreland basin that formed during the Penokean orogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.94.1.133","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Morey, G.B., 1999, High-grade iron ore deposits of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota-product of a continental-scale proterozoic ground-water flow system: Economic Geology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 133-141, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.1.133.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"141","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30ece4b0c8380cd5da87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morey, G. B.","contributorId":14406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021975,"text":"70021975 - 1999 - Isotopic identification of the source of methane in subsurface sediments of an area surrounded by waste disposal facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70021975","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic identification of the source of methane in subsurface sediments of an area surrounded by waste disposal facilities","docAbstract":"The major source of methane (CH4) in subsurface sediments on the property of a former hazardous waste treatment facility was determined using isotopic analyses measured on CH4 and associated groundwater. The site, located on an earthen pier built into a shallow wetland lake, has had a history of waste disposal practices and is surrounded by landfills and other waste management facilities. Concentrations of CH4 up to 70% were found in the headspace gases of several piezometers screened at 3 different depths (ranging from 8 to 17 m) in lacustrine and glacial till deposits. Possible sources of the CH4 included a nearby landfill, organic wastes from previous impoundments and microbial gas derived from natural organic matter in the sediments. Isotopic analyses included ??13C, ??D, 14C, and 3H on select CH4 samples and ??D and ??18O on groundwater samples. Methane from the deepest glacial till and intermediate lacustrine deposits had ??13C values from -79 to -82???, typical of natural 'drift gas' generated by microbial CO2-reduction. The CH4 from the shallow lacustrine deposits had ??13C values from -63 to -76???, interpreted as a mixture between CH4 generated by microbial fermentation and the CO2-reduction processes within the subsurface sediments. The ??D values of all the CH4 samples were quite negative ranging from -272 to -299???. Groundwater sampled from the deeper zones also showed quite negative ??D values that explained the light ??D observed for the CH4. Radiocarbon analyses of the CH4 showed decreasing 14C activity with depth, from a high of 58 pMC in the shallow sediments to 2 pMC in the deeper glacial till. The isotopic data indicated the majority of CH4 detected in the fill deposits of this site was microbial CH4 generated from naturally buried organic matter within the subsurface sediments. However, the isotopic data of CH4 from the shallow piezometers was more variable and the possibility of some mixing with oxidized landfill CH4 could not be completely ruled out.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00036-5","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Hackley, K.C., Liu, C., and Trainor, D., 1999, Isotopic identification of the source of methane in subsurface sediments of an area surrounded by waste disposal facilities: Applied Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 1, p. 119-131, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00036-5.","startPage":"119","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206199,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00036-5"},{"id":229094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb8e4b0c8380cd64767","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Chao-Li","contributorId":42361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Chao-Li","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trainor, D.","contributorId":67776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021176,"text":"70021176 - 1999 - Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:59:33.617181","indexId":"70021176","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","docAbstract":"Broadband teleseismic P waves have been analyzed to recover the rupture history of the large (MS 7.4) Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, shallow interplate thrust earthquake of 9 October 1995. Ground-displacement records in the period range of 1-60 sec are inverted using a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion procedure that allows a variable dislocation duration on a prescribed fault. The method is applied using both a narrow fault that simulates a line source with a dislocation window of 50 sec and a wide fault with a possible rise time of up to 20 sec that additionally allows slip updip and downdip from the hypocenter. The line-source analysis provides a spatio-temporal image of the slip distribution consisting of several large sources located northwest of the hypocenter and spanning a range of rupture velocities. The two-dimensional finite-fault inversion allows slip over this rupture-velocity range and indicates that the greatest coseismic displacement (3-4 m) is located between 70 and 130 km from the hypocenter at depths shallower than about 15 km. Slip in this shallow region consists of two major sources, one of which is delayed by about 10 sec relative to a coherent propagation of rupture along the plate interface. These two slip sources account for about one-third of the total P-wave seismic moment of 8.3 × 1027 dyne-cm (Mw 7.9) and may have been responsible for the local tsunami observed along the coast following the earthquake.
Coastal geomorphology along the Great Lakes has long been linked with lake-level history. Some of the most spectacular landforms along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan are high-relief dunes that mantle lake terraces. It has been assumed that these dunes developed during the Nipissing high stand of ancestral Lake Michigan. This hypothesis was tested through stratigraphic analyses and radiocarbon dating of buried soils at four sites between Manistee and Grand Haven, Michigan.
\nAt each site, thick deposits of eolian sand overlie late-Pleistocene lacustrine sands. Moderately developed Spodosols (Entic Haplorthods) formed in the uppermost part of the lake sediments are buried by thick dune sand at three sites. At the fourth locality, a similar soil occurs in a very thin (1.3 m) unit of eolian sand buried deep within a dune. These soils indicate long-term (∼ 4,000 years) stability of the lake deposits following subaerial exposure. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal in the buried sola indicates massive dune construction began between 4,900 and 4,500 cal. yr B.P. at the Nordhouse Dunes site, between 4,300 and 3,900 cal. yr B.P. at the Jackson and Nugent Quarries, and between 3,300 to 2,900 cal. yr B.P. at Rosy Mound. Given these ages, it can be concluded that dune building at one site occurred during the Nipissing high stand but that the other dunes developed later. Although lake levels generally fell after the Nipissing, it appears that dune construction may have resulted from small increases in lake level and destabilization of lake-terrace bluffs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70746-X","usgsCitation":"Arbogast, A.F., and Loope, W.L., 1999, Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 372-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70746-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arbogast, Alan F.","contributorId":46475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021952,"text":"70021952 - 1999 - Seismic tomography as a tool for measuring stress in mines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021952","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic tomography as a tool for measuring stress in mines","docAbstract":"Spokane Research Center personnel have been investigating the use of seismic tomography to monitor the behavior of a rock mass, detect hazardous ground conditions and assess the mechanical integrity of a rock mass affected by mining. Seismic tomography can be a valuable tool for determining relative stress in deep, >1,220-m (>4,000-ft), underground pillars. If high-stress areas are detected, they can be destressed prior to development or they can be avoided. High-stress areas can be monitored with successive seismic surveys to determine if stress decreases to a level where development can be initiated safely. There are several benefits to using seismic tomography to identify high stress in deep underground pillars. The technique is reliable, cost-effective, efficient and noninvasive. Also, investigators can monitor large rock masses, as well as monitor pillars during the mining cycle. By identifying areas of high stress, engineers will be able to assure that miners are working in a safer environment.Spokane Research Center personnel have been investigating the use of seismic tomography to monitor the behavior of a rock mass, detect hazardous ground conditions and assess the mechanical integrity of a rock mass affected by mining. Seismic tomography can be a valuable tool for determining relative stress in deep, >1,200-m (>4,000-ft), underground pillars. If high-stress areas are detected, they can be destressed prior to development or they can be avoided. High-stress areas can be monitored with successive seismic surveys to determine if stress decreases to a level where development can be initiated safely. There are several benefits to using seismic tomography to identify high stress in deep underground pillars. The technique is reliable, cost-effective, efficient and noninvasive. Also, investigators can monitor large rock masses, as well as monitor pillars during the mining cycle. By identifying areas of high stress. engineers will be able to assure that miners are working in a safer environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soc for Mining","publisherLocation":"Metallurgy & Exploration Inc, Littleton, CO, United States","issn":"00265187","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.F., Williams, T., Denton, D., and Friedel, M., 1999, Seismic tomography as a tool for measuring stress in mines: Mining Engineering, v. 51, no. 1, p. 77-80.","startPage":"77","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b6ee4b08c986b317818","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Douglas F.","contributorId":80726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, T.J.","contributorId":80446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Denton, D.K.","contributorId":43858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedel, M.J.","contributorId":90823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000502,"text":"1000502 - 1999 - Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:39","indexId":"1000502","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)","docAbstract":"Data from mark-recapture studies are used to estimate population rates such as exploitation, survival, and growth. Many of these applications assume negligible tag loss, so tag shedding can be a significant problem. Various tag shedding models have been developed for use with data from double-tagging experiments, including models to estimate constant instantaneous rates, time-dependent rates, and type I and II shedding rates. In this study, we used conditional (on recaptures) multinomial models implemented using the program SURVIV (G.C. White. 1983. J. Wildl. Manage. 47: 716-728) to estimate tag shedding rates of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and explore various potential sources of variation in these rates. We applied the models to data from several long-term double-tagging experiments with Lake Superior lake trout and estimated shedding rates for anchor tags in hatchery-reared and wild fish and for various tag types applied in these experiments. Estimates of annual tag retention rates for lake trout were fairly high (80-90%), but we found evidence (among wild fish only) that retention rates may be significantly lower in the first year due to type I losses. Annual retention rates for some tag types varied between male and female fish, but there was no consistent pattern across years. Our estimates of annual tag retention rates will be used in future studies of survival rates for these fish.\r","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Nichols, J., Hines, J., Swanson, B.L., and Schram, S.T., 1999, Modeling data from double-tagging experiments to estimate heterogeneous rates of tag shedding in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, no. 8, p. 1409-1419.","productDescription":"p. 1409-1419","startPage":"1409","endPage":"1419","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Bruce L.","contributorId":105660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000503,"text":"1000503 - 1999 - Co-existence of zebra mussels and freshwater unionids: Population dynamics of Leptodea fragilis in a coastal wetland infested with zebra mussels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:38:46","indexId":"1000503","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Co-existence of zebra mussels and freshwater unionids: Population dynamics of Leptodea fragilis in a coastal wetland infested with zebra mussels","docAbstract":"In 1996, thousands of live Leptodea fragilis were collected from a marsh located in the western basin of Lake Erie that was infested with zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Despite the presence of zebra mussels at this site for a number of years, this L. fragilis population showed no signs of competition-induced changes in population dynamics. Biofouling was limited: fewer than 1% of the L. fragilis showed evidence of recent or past zebra mussel colonization. Successful recruitment occurred yearly, with multiple year classes collected that ranged in age from 1 to 12 years. However, age and shell length were not well correlated. Seventy-one percent of the individuals collected were 51-80 mm long, but ranged in age from 2 to 4.5 years. Three different patterns of growth or shell deposition were found. Some individuals grew rapidly, reaching 105 mm in 3.5 years, while others grew only 4.5 mm over the same time period. A few grew poorly during some years but very rapidly in others. Individuals with a shell length of 41 mm or more were sexually mature and females were more common than males. The strong recruitment and steady growth of this population showed no change between the years before and after the zebra mussel invasion, indicating that this marsh is functioning as a natural refugium from potential problems caused by zebra mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z98-241","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., and Amberg, J., 1999, Co-existence of zebra mussels and freshwater unionids: Population dynamics of Leptodea fragilis in a coastal wetland infested with zebra mussels: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 77, no. 3, p. 423-432, https://doi.org/10.1139/z98-241.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amberg, Jon","contributorId":82266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022162,"text":"70022162 - 1999 - Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloid transport and recovery in an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-02T19:26:02.870929","indexId":"70022162","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloid transport and recovery in an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer","docAbstract":"Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloids were co-injected into sewage-contaminated and uncontaminated zones of an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, and their transport was monitored over distances up to 6 m in three arrays. After deposition, the attached PRD1 and silica colloids were mobilized by three different chemical perturbations (elevated pH, anionic surfactant, and reductant). PRD1 and silica colloids experienced less attenuation in the contaminated zone where adsorbed organic matter and phosphate may be hindering attachment of PRD1 and silica colloids to the iron oxide coatings. The PRD1 collision efficiencies agree well with collision efficiencies predicted by assuming favorable PRD1 deposition on iron oxide coatings for which the surface area coverage was measured by microprobe analysis of sediment thin sections. ζ potentials of the PRD1, silica colloids, and aquifer grains corroborated the transport results, indicating that electrostatic forces dominated the attachment of PRD1 and silica colloids. Elevated pH was the chemical perturbation most effective at mobilizing the attached PRD1 and silica colloids. Elevated surfactant concentration mobilized the attached PRD1 and silica colloids more effectively in the contaminated zone than in the uncontaminated zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es980350+","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Ryan, J.N., Elimelech, M., Ard, R., Harvey, R., and Johnson, P., 1999, Bacteriophage PRD1 and silica colloid transport and recovery in an iron oxide-coated sand aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 63-73, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980350+.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"73","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa7e4b0c8380cd4a395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elimelech, M.","contributorId":105469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elimelech","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ard, R.A.","contributorId":13005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ard","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, P.R.","contributorId":37332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022133,"text":"70022133 - 1999 - Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Matra Mountains, northeastern Hungary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022133","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Matra Mountains, northeastern Hungary","docAbstract":"Regional geochemical baseline values have been established for Hungary by the use of low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds thus produced helped to evaluate the importance of high toxic element concentrations found in soils in a valley downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. Erosion of the mine dumps and flotation dump, losses of metals during filtering, storage and transportation, human neglects, and operational breakdowns, have all contributed to the contamination of a small catchment basin in a procession of releases of solid waste. The sulfide-rich waste material weathers to a yellow color; this layer of 'yellow sand' blankets a narrow strip of the floodplain of Toka Creek in the valley near the town of Gyongyosoroszi. Contamination was spread out in the valley by floods. Metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sb. Exposure of the local population to these metals may occur through inhalation of airborne particulates or by ingestion of these metals that are taken up by crops grown in the valley. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, soils, and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps. The flood-plain profile was sampled in detail to see the vertical distribution of elements and to relate the metal concentrations to the sedimentation and contamination histories of the flood plain. Downward migration of mobile Zn and Cd from the contaminated upper layers under supergene conditions is observed, while vertical migration of Pb, As, Hg and Sb appears to be insignificant. Soil profiles of 137Cs which originated from above-ground atomic bomb tests and the Chernobyl accident, provide good evidence that the upper 30-40 cm of the flood-plain sections, which includes the yellow sand contamination, were deposited in the last 30-40 years.The regional geochemical baseline values are established for Hungary using low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds allowed the evaluation of the importance of high toxic element concentrations in soils in a valley, downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. The metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn and Sb. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, the soils and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry, ISEG. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00056-9","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Odor, L., Wanty, R., Horvath, I., and Fugedi, U., 1999, Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Matra Mountains, northeastern Hungary: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 65, no. 1 pt 2, p. 47-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00056-9.","startPage":"47","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206734,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00056-9"},{"id":230664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1 pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b95e4b0c8380cd6f667","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gough L.P.Marsh S.P.","contributorId":128372,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gough L.P.Marsh S.P.","id":536476,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Odor, L.","contributorId":39156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odor","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horvath, I.","contributorId":18133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horvath","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fugedi, U.","contributorId":46713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fugedi","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022129,"text":"70022129 - 1999 - Conditions for bubble elongation in cold ice-sheet ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-06T23:56:04.895529","indexId":"70022129","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2328,"text":"Journal of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conditions for bubble elongation in cold ice-sheet ice","docAbstract":"Highly elongated bubbles are sometimes observed in ice-sheet ice. Elongation is favored by rapid ice deformation, and opposed by diffusive processes. We use simple models to show that vapor transport dominates diffusion except possibly very close to the melting point, and that latent-heat effects are insignificant. Elongation is favored by larger bubbles at pore close-off, but is nearly independent of bubble compression below close-off. The simple presence of highly elongated bubbles indicates only that a critical ice-strain rate has been exceeded for significant time, and provides no information on possible disruption of stratigraphic continuity by ice deformation.
Crater Lake caldera is at the north end of the Klamath graben, where this N10°W-trending major Basin and Range structure impinges upon the north-south–trending High Cascades volcanic arc. East-facing normal faults, typically 10–15 km long, form the West Klamath Lake fault zone, which bounds the graben on its west side. The fault zone terminates on the south near the epicentral area of the September 1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes. It continues north past Crater Lake as the Annie Spring fault, which is within ∼1 km of the west caldera rim, and Red Cone Spring fault. We have determined a long-term vertical slip rate of 0.3 mm/yr for these two faults using high-precision K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age measurements on offset lava flows ranging in age from ca. 35 to 300 ka. Holocene offset reported by Hawkins et al. and epicenters of eight MW 2 earthquakes in 1994 and 1995 indicate that the West Klamath Lake fault zone is active. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitudes and scarp heights or fault lengths suggest that the fault zone is capable of producing earthquakes as large as MW 7¼. Earthquakes on these or other faults of the zone could trigger landslides and rockfalls from the walls of the caldera, possibly resulting in large waves on Crater Lake.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Lanphere, M.A., and Champion, D., 1999, Late Quaternary slip rate and seismic hazards of the West Klamath Lake fault zone near Crater Lake, Oregon Cascades: Geology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 43-46, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0043:LQSRAS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4537e4b0c8380cd67123","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171420,"text":"70171420 - 1999 - Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T09:16:43","indexId":"70171420","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1866,"text":"Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform","docAbstract":"Water samples collected for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often preserved with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to inhibit the biotransformation of the analytes of interest until the chemical analyses can he performed. However, it is theoretically possible that residual free chlorine in the HCl can react with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to form chloroform via the haloform reaction. Analyses of 1501 ground water samples preserved with HCl from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program indicate that chloroform was the most commonly detected VOC among 60 VOCs monitored. The DOC concentrations were not significantly larger in samples with detectable chloroform than in those with no delectable chloroform, nor was there any correlation between the concentrations of chloroform and DOC. Furthermore, chloroform was detected more frequently in shallow ground water in urban areas (28.5% of the wells sampled) than in agricultural areas (1.6% of the wells sampled), which indicates that its detection was more related to urban land-use activities than to sample acidification. These data provide strong evidence that acidification with HCl does not lead to the production of significant amounts of chloroform in ground water samples. To verify these results, an acidification study was designed to measure the concentrations of all trihalomethanes (THMs) that can form as a result of HCl preservation in ground water samples and to determine if ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) could inhibit this reaction if it did occur. This study showed that no THMs were formed as a result of HCl acidification, and that ascorbic acid had no discernible effect on the concentrations of THMs measured.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Pub. Co.","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x","usgsCitation":"Squillace, P.J., Pankow, J.F., Barbash, J.E., Price, C.V., and Zogorski, J.S., 1999, Preserving ground water samples with hydrochloric acid does not result in the formation of chloroform: Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, v. 19, no. 1, p. 67-74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00187.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dbe4b0ee97d51a83f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Squillace, Paul J.","contributorId":59415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squillace","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barbash, Jack E. 0000-0001-9854-8880 jbarbash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9854-8880","contributorId":1003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbash","given":"Jack","email":"jbarbash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021979,"text":"70021979 - 1999 - Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T16:49:28.913951","indexId":"70021979","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","docAbstract":"Much of the modern upper (proximal) Monterey fan is a channel–levee complex, the Upper Turbidite Sequence (UTS), that was deeply eroded after the channel breached a volcanic ridge to reach a deeper base level. Ages of sediment samples collected with the ALVIN submersible from the deepest outcrop within the channel–levee system, 390 m below the adjacent western levee crest, indicate that the UTS deposits accumulated at ≥1 m ka−1 during the last 500 ka. Neogene and Early Pleistocene sediment accumulation on the fan prior to the UTS was much slower (<0.03 m ka−1), and underlying turbidite systems(?) had substantially different morphologic expression(s).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s003670050066","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., 1999, Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 18, no. 3, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670050066.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489138,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey fan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 37.10209851973849\n ],\n [\n -123.7968195975298,\n 37.10209851973849\n ],\n [\n -123.7968195975298,\n 35.299385520898596\n ],\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 35.299385520898596\n ],\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 37.10209851973849\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a450de4b0c8380cd66fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022013,"text":"70022013 - 1999 - Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T12:58:10.219537","indexId":"70022013","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona","docAbstract":"Unusual geologic and geochemical relations are preserved along the contact between intracaldera tuff and a resurgent intrusion within the 26.9 Ma Turkey Creek caldera of southeast Arizona. Thick intracaldera tuff is weakly argillically altered throughout, except in zones within several hundred meters of its contact with the resurgent intrusion, where the groundmass of the tuff has been variably converted to granophyre and unaltered sanidine phenocrysts are present. Dikes of similarly granophyric material originate at the tuff-resurgent intrusion contact and intrude overlying intracaldera megabreccia and tuff. Field relations indicate that the resurgent intrusion is a laccolith and that it caused local partial melting of adjacent intracaldera tuff. Geochemical and petrographic relations indicate that small volumes of partially melted intracaldera tuff assimilated and mixed with dacite of the resurgent intrusion along their contact, resulting in rocks that have petrographic and compositional characteristics transitional between those of tuff and dacite. Some of this variably contaminated, second-generation magma coalesced, was mobilized, and was intruded into overlying intracaldera rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0143:RAAATP>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bray, D., and Pallister, J., 1999, Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 1, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0143:RAAATP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Turkey Creek caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.9244036605549,\n 32.5000106686156\n ],\n [\n -109.9244036605549,\n 31.437545697056535\n ],\n [\n -109.13338803555492,\n 31.437545697056535\n ],\n [\n -109.13338803555492,\n 32.5000106686156\n ],\n [\n -109.9244036605549,\n 32.5000106686156\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a359e4b0e8fec6cdb837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, du","contributorId":28749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"du","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021972,"text":"70021972 - 1999 - A complex magma mixing origin for rocks erupted in 1915, Lassen Peak, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:52:17.746982","indexId":"70021972","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A complex magma mixing origin for rocks erupted in 1915, Lassen Peak, California","docAbstract":"The eruption of Lassen Peak in May 1915 produced four volcanic rock types within 3 days, and in the following order: (1) hybrid black dacite lava containing (2) undercooled andesitic inclusions, (3) compositionally banded pumice with dark andesite and light dacite bands, and (4) unbanded light dacite. All types represent stages of a complex mixing process between basaltic andesite and dacite that was interrupted by the eruption. They contain disequilibrium phenocryst assemblages characterized by the coexistence of magnesian olivine and quartz and by reacted and unreacted phenocrysts derived from the dacite. The petrography and crystal chemistry of the phenocrysts and the variation in rock compositions indicate that basaltic andesite intruded dacite magma and partially hybridized with it. Phenocrysts from the dacite magma were reacted. Cooling, crystallization, and vesiculation of the hybrid andesite magma converted it to a layer of mafic foam. The decreased density of the andesite magma destabilized and disrupted the foam. Blobs of foam rose into and were further cooled by the overlying dacite magma, forming the andesitic inclusions. Disaggregation of andesitic inclusions in the host dacite produced the black dacite and light dacite magmas. Formation of foam was a dynamic process. Removal of foam propagated the foam layer downward into the hybrid andesite magma. Eventually the thermal and compositional contrasts between the hybrid andesite and black dacite magmas were reduced. Then, they mixed directly, forming the dark andesite magma. About 40–50% andesitic inclusions were disaggregated into the host dacite to produce the hybrid black dacite. Thus, disaggregation of inclusions into small fragments and individual crystals can be an efficient magma-mixing process. Disaggregation of undercooled inclusions carrying reacted host-magma phenocrysts produces coexisting reacted and unreacted phenocryst populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petroj/40.1.105","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., 1999, A complex magma mixing origin for rocks erupted in 1915, Lassen Peak, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 105-132, https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.1.105.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e381e4b0c8380cd4608a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022012,"text":"70022012 - 1999 - Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T16:52:31.261214","indexId":"70022012","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"A method for determining submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples has been developed. Caffeine is extracted from a 1 L water sample with a 0.5 g graphitized carbon-based solid-phase cartridge, eluted with methylene chloride-methanol (80 + 20, v/v), and analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The single-operator method detection limit for organic-free water samples was 0.02 μg/L. Mean recoveries and relative standard deviations were 93 ± 13% for organic- free water samples fortified at 0.04 μg/L and 84 ± 4% for laboratory reagent spikes fortified at 0.5 μg/L. Environmental concentrations of caffeine ranged from 0.003 to 1.44 μg/L in surface water samples and from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/L in groundwater samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161","usgsCitation":"Burkhardt, M., Soliven, P., Werner, S., and Vaught, D., 1999, Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography: Journal of AOAC International, v. 82, no. 1, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffcbe4b0c8380cd4f3d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soliven, P.P.","contributorId":72967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soliven","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaught, D.G.","contributorId":18798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaught","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021978,"text":"70021978 - 1999 - Streamflow trends in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:20:47.998826","indexId":"70021978","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow trends in the United States","docAbstract":"Secular trends in streamflow are evaluated for 395 climate-sensitive streamgaging stations in the conterminous United States using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. Trends are calculated for selected quantiles of discharge, from the 0th to the 100th percentile, to evaluate differences between low-, medium-, and high-flow regimes during the twentieth century. Two general patterns emerge; trends are most prevalent in the annual minimum (Q0) to median (Q50) flow categories and least prevalent in the annual maximum (Q100) category; and, at all but the highest quantiles, streamflow has increased across broad sections of the United States. Decreases appear only in parts of the Pacific Northwest and the Southeast. Systematic patterns are less apparent in the Q100 flow. Hydrologically, these results indicate that the conterminous U.S. is getting wetter, but less extreme.
The process of apoptosis, often coined programmed cell death, involves cell injury induced by a variety of stimuli including xenobiotics and is morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically distinct from necrosis. Apoptotic death is characterized by cellular changes such as cytoplasm shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and plasma membrane asymmetry. This form of cell suicide is appealing as a general biomarker of response in that it is expressed in multiple cell systems (e.g. immune, neuronal, hepatal, intestinal, dermal, reproductive), is conserved phylogenetically (e.g. fish, rodents, birds, sheep, amphibians, roundworms, plants, humans), is modulated by environmentally relevant levels of chemical contaminants, and indicates a state of stress of the organism. Further, apoptosis is useful as a biomarker as it serves as a molecular control point and hence may provide mechanistic information on xenobiotic stress. Studies reviewed here suggest that apoptosis is a sensitive and early indicator of acute and chronic chemical stress, loss of cellular function and structure, and organismal health. Examples are provided of the application of this methodology in studies of health of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/135475099230778","usgsCitation":"Sweet, L.I., Passino-Reader, D.R., Meier, P.G., and Omann, G.M., 1999, Xenobiotic-induced apoptosis: significance and potential application as a general biomarker of response: Biomarkers, v. 4, no. 4, p. 237-253, https://doi.org/10.1080/135475099230778.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"253","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb53a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweet, Leonard I.","contributorId":107227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, Peter G.","contributorId":90257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omann, Geneva M.","contributorId":64595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omann","given":"Geneva","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}