Veins composed mainly of calcite and some galena, sphalerite, fluorite, and other minerals are widespread in the Frontenac axis area of New York and Ontario. In New York, the veins (Fig. 1) occur mainly west and northwest of Gouverneur (Brown, 1983). The veins, mined in the 1800s for lead, were first described by Emmons (1838). Smyth (1903) called these the \"Rossie lead veins,\" a name now used locally for all veins of this type. Similar veins in southeastern Ontario were described by Uglow (1916) and Sangster (1970).
\nThe steeply dipping veins are aligned along extensional fractures in metamorphic rocks of the Grenville Complex and in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, including the Potsdam Sandstone of Late Cambrian age, and limestones as young as Middle Ordovician. However, the age of emplacement of Rossie veins is unknown. The veins are mineralogically simple, consisting of calcite (~95%) with minor and approximately equal amounts of sphalerite and galena, and sparse fluorite, barite, celestite, and chalcopyrite (Brown, 1983). Paragenetically early minerals are crushed and granulated; later undeformed minerals fill open spaces (Fig. 2). Sandstone dikes that originated from either the overlying Potsdam Sandstone or stratigraphically higher arenaceous rocks cut into the Rossie veins and occupy all available space. Their unstratified nature suggests that sand was intruded under high hydraulic pressure during tectonic events that reopened the veins. Most veins are vertical and narrow (1-3 cm wide) and those that were mined are as much as 1.7 m wide. The veins trend mainly northwest-southeast but have a local east-west orientation. The fractures and veins show evidence of strike-slip faulting with a right-lateral offset due to late reactivation of north-east-trending faults that originally formed during the Proterozoic Grenville orogeny. Relatively rare inclined veins, termed gash veins (Brown, 1983), occur in proximity to some of the regional northeast-trending faults. These veins contain open spaces lined with large, undeformed crystals of calcite (~90%) and green fluorite (~5%). The minerals of the northeast-trending gash veins, which dip to the northwest, are believed to be paragenetically late results of the same mineralization and tectonic event that produced the Rossie veins. For example, the green fluorite in the gash veins is similar in color and occurrence to small fluorite crystals in vugs in the vertical Rossie veins. Associated with the fluorite in both occurrences is coarse crystalline calcite containing tiny tetrahedra of chalcopyrite aligned along crystallographic planes.
\nThe present study of fluid inclusions and lead isotopes was done to understand better the nature and possible source of the mineralizing solutions for both vertical and gash veins and the possible origin of the lead and zinc mineralization. Large deposits of essentially syngenetic sphalerite with minor to trace galena occur in the Proterozoic rocks of this region (e.g., Balmat-Edwards, New York). Although none of these deposits are known in the immediate vicinity of Rossie veins, the possibility that Rossie veins contain remobilized metals from these older deposits was considered.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.82.2.489","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., Foley, N.K., and Brown, C.E., 1987, Source of lead and mineralizing brines for rossie-type Pb-Zn veins in the Frontenac axis area, New York ( USA).: Economic Geology, v. 82, no. 2, p. 489-491, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.2.489.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"491","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9331e4b08c986b31a358","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert","contributorId":96350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Nora K. 0000-0003-0124-3509 nfoley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-3509","contributorId":4010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Nora","email":"nfoley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014121,"text":"70014121 - 1987 - The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-07T15:30:26.756139","indexId":"70014121","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements","docAbstract":"In 1982 the U.S. Geological Survey collected six seismic refraction profiles in the Great Valley of California: three axial profiles with a maximum shot-to-receiver offset of 160 km, and three shorter profiles perpendicular to the valley axis. This paper presents the results of two-dimensional raytracing and synthetic seismogram modeling of the central axial profile. The crust of the central Great Valley is laterally heterogeneous along its axis, but generally consists of a sedimentary section overlying distinct upper, middle, and lower crustal units. The sedimentary rocks are 3-5 km thick along the profile, with velocities increasing with depth from 1.6 to 4.0 km/s. The basement (upper crust) consists of four units: 1. (1) a 1.0-1.5 km thick layer of velocity 5.4-5.8 km/s, 2. (2) a 3-4 km thick layer of velocity 6.0-6.3 km/s, 3. (3) a 1.5-3.0 km thick layer of velocity 6.5-6.6 km/s, and 4. (4) a laterally discontinuous, 1.5 km thick layer of velocity 6.8-7.0 km/s. The mid-crust lies at 11-14 km depth, is 5-8 km thick, and has a velocity of 6.6-6.7 km/s. On the northwest side of our profile the mid-crust is a low-velocity zone beneath the 6.8-7.0 km/s lid. The lower crust lies at 16-19 km depth, is 7-13 km thick, and has a velocity of 6.9-7.2 km/s. Crustal thickness increases from 26 to 29 km from NW to SE in the model. Although an unequivocal determination of crustal composition is not possible from P-wave velocities alone, our model has several geological and tectonic implications. We interpret the upper 7 km of basement on the northwest side of the profile as an ophiolitic fragment, since its thickness and velocity structure are consistent with that of oceanic crust. This fragment, which is not present 10-15 km to the west of the refraction profile, is probably at least partially responsible for the Great Valley gravity and magnetic anomalies, whose peaks lie about 10 km east of our profile. The middle and lower crust are probably gabbroic and the product of magmatic or tectonic underplating, or both. The crustal structure of the Great Valley is dissimilar to that of the adjacent Diablo Range, suggesting the existence of a fault or suture zone throughout the crust between these provinces.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Holbrook, W., and Mooney, W.D., 1987, The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from seismic refraction measurements: Tectonophysics, v. 140, no. 1, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480089,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90139-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"140","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa71e4b08c986b322835","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holbrook, W.S.","contributorId":84916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014133,"text":"70014133 - 1987 - Ascaulocardium armatum (Morton 1833), new genus (Late Cretaceous): the ultimate variation on the bivalve paradigm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-21T00:25:58.80679","indexId":"70014133","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ascaulocardium armatum (Morton 1833), new genus (Late Cretaceous): the ultimate variation on the bivalve paradigm","docAbstract":"Cretaceous clavagellid pelecypods are a poorly known group, and have previously received little study. Ascaulocardium armatum is conchologically the most complex burrowing pelecypod known. From the study of living clavagellids, it is possible to interpret the various tubes extending outward from the adventitious crypt of A. armatum as devices for hydraulic burrowing and deposit feeding. The conchologically complex A. armatum occurs near the beginning of the history of the Clavagellidae, and does not seem to have given rise to any younger species. Ascaulocardium armatum is known only from the Upper Cretaceous rocks (Santonian–Maastrichtian) of the east Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States of America, as is probably the genus Ascaulocardium. All known Cretaceous clavagellids are burrowing species having a free right valve, and this is the ancestral mode of life of the Clavagellidae. Clavagellids that have a boring habit are a more recent evolutionary development, as are burrowing species having both juvenile valves cemented to the crypt. Clavagellids probably evolved from Jurassic–Early Cretaceous pholadomyids. Almost all Cretaceous clavagellids occur outside the Tethyan Zoogeographic Realm; this distribution is in marked contrast to the modern distribution of the family. Living species mostly inhabit clear, shallow seas in subtropical to tropical shelf areas.
Oils generated by Middle Ordovician rocks are found throughout the Mid-Continent and east-central regions of the United States. Gas chromatographic characteristics of these oils include a relatively high abundance of n-alkanes with carbon numbers less than 20, a strong predominance of odd-numbered n-alkanes between C10 and C20, and relatively small amounts of branched and cyclic alkanes. Saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of 43 Ordovician oils from the Anadarko, Ardmore, Forest City, Illinois, Michigan, Salina-Sedgwick, and Williston basins and the Iowa shelf demonstrate a wide range in carbon isotope composition (^dgr13Csat = -24.9 ^pmil to -33.9 ^pmil, (^dgr13Carom = -24.3 ^pmil to -33.7 ^pmil). Saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from late Middle Ordovician shales (17 core samples) show ranges in ^dgr13C similar to that of the oils.
The wide ranges in ^dgr13C for oils and rock extracts reflect a major, positive excursion(s) (6-9 per ^pmil) in organic matter ^dgr13C in late Middle Ordovician rocks. This excursion has at least a regional significance in that it can be documented in sections 480 mi (770 km) apart in south-central Kansas and eastern Iowa. The distance may be as much as 930 mi (1,500 km) if the carbon isotope variations observed in Michigan basin Ordovician oils and in organic matter from late Middle Ordovician rocks in southwestern Ontario are related to the same carbon isotope excursion. Organic-matter ^dgr13C in core samples from south-central Kansas and eastern Iowa is not directly related to variations in quantity or quality of organic matter, or maceral compositi n. The positive excursion in organic matter ^dgr13C is a possible result of increased organic matter productivity and/or preservation.
The parallel shifts in organic and carbonate ^dgr13C in core samples from 1 E. M. Greene well, Washington County, Iowa, imply changes in the isotope composition of the ocean-atmosphere carbon reservoir. Differences in the magnitude of the carbon isotope shifts between organic matter (8.8 ^pmil) and carbonate (4.2 ^pmil) in this core suggest a decrease, either locally or regionally, in available dissolved CO2, possibly a result of high organic-matter productivity and/or limited circulation in the late Middle Ordovician seas.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C8074-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Hatch, J.R., Jacobson, S.R., Witzke, B.J., Risatti, J., Anders, D.E., Watney, W.L., Newell, K.D., and Vuletich, A.K., 1987, Possible Late Middle Ordovician organic carbon isotope excursion: Evidence from Ordovician oils and hydrocarbon source rocks, mid-continent and east-central United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1342-1354, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8074-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1342","endPage":"1354","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.88476280424149,\n 48.772630643525844\n ],\n [\n -103.88476280424149,\n 36.63144917528669\n ],\n [\n -82.22842647308705,\n 36.63144917528669\n ],\n [\n -82.22842647308705,\n 48.772630643525844\n ],\n [\n -103.88476280424149,\n 48.772630643525844\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7368e4b0c8380cd76ffe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Stephen R.","contributorId":20086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witzke, Brian J.","contributorId":40347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Risatti, J. Bruno","contributorId":28018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risatti","given":"J. Bruno","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, Donald E.","contributorId":35316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watney, W. Lynn","contributorId":60785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watney","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Newell, K. David","contributorId":76074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vuletich, April K.","contributorId":7430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vuletich","given":"April","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":27111,"text":"wri854231 - 1986 - Hydrogeologic conditions and saline-water intrusion, Cape Coral, Florida, 1978-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:10:47.311118","indexId":"wri854231","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-12T20:30:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4231","title":"Hydrogeologic conditions and saline-water intrusion, Cape Coral, Florida, 1978-81","docAbstract":"The upper limestone unit of the intermediate aquifer system, locally called the upper Hawthorn aquifer, is the principal source of freshwater for Cape Coral, Florida. The aquifer has been contaminated with saline water by downward intrusion from the surficial aquifer system and by upward intrusion from the Floridan aquifer system. Much of the intrusion has occurred through open wellbores where steel casings are short or where casings have collapsed because of corrosion. Saline-water contamination of the upper limestone unit due to downward intrusion from the surficial aquifer is most severe in the southern and eastern parts of Cape Coral; contamination due to upward intrusion has occurred in many areas throughout Cape Coral. Intrusion is amplified in areas of heavy water withdrawals and large water-level declines. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Cape Coral","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, D., 1986, Hydrogeologic conditions and saline-water intrusion, Cape Coral, Florida, 1978-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4231, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854231.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4231/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":55970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4231/wri854231.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.67 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 85-4231"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Cape Coral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.11456298828124,\n 26.474260922876063\n ],\n [\n -81.81243896484375,\n 26.474260922876063\n ],\n [\n -81.81243896484375,\n 26.79588031886341\n ],\n [\n -82.11456298828124,\n 26.79588031886341\n ],\n [\n -82.11456298828124,\n 26.474260922876063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The origins of paleoflood hydrology in the United States can be traced back to the beginning of the 19th century, when windgaps and watergaps in the Applachians were believed to have been eroded by extraordinary floods as large lakes that were ponded behind the ridges rapidly drained. Sediment evidence for extraordinary floods was evoked several decades later when glacial sediments in New England were interpreted as deposits from the great Biblical deluge, and estimates of the depth and velocity of the great flood were attempted. The popularization of the glacial origins of drift by Agassiz by 1840 resulted in strong beliefs in uniformitarianism and waning interests in paleoflood investigations. The documentation of the origins of the channeled scablands in eastern Washington by catastrophic glacial outbreak floods, begun by Bretz in the early 1920s, led to renewed interest in paleoflood hydrology. Subsequent efforts to reconstruct hydraulic variables of past floods used conventional open channel flow equations applied to other enormous Pleistocene floods. The elevation of sediments was used as a paleostage estimator in the 1880s, and botanical techniques for estimating paleoflood frequency and magnitude were well documented by the mid-1960s. Since 1970, an exponential expansion has occurred in the recognition and use of paleoflood hydrology in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/EO067i017p00425-02","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1986, A history of paleoflood hydrology in the United States: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 67, no. 17, p. 425-430, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO067i017p00425-02.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"430","numberOfPages":"4","temporalStart":"1800-01-01","temporalEnd":"1970-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da74ade4b090824ffb7e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, John E.","contributorId":105743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157450,"text":"70157450 - 1986 - Hydrogeology and ground-water use and quality, Brown County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:27:03","indexId":"70157450","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-06T04:30:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5596,"text":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"57","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water use and quality, Brown County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The Paleozoic rock of Brown County includes formations of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian age. These formations are eastward-dipping sedimentary rock that rest on Precambrian crystalline rock and are overlain by Pleistocene deposits. The units that are the principal sources of ground water were grouped into three aquifers (upper, St. Peter, and Elk Mound), and the less permeable units are grouped into three confining units (Maquoketa-Sinnipee, St. Lawrence, and Precambrian). The geologic and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers and confining units are estimated from logs of more than 1,000 Brown County wells, from results of a packer test, and from published values.
\nRecharge to the water table, which was estimated at five monitored sites, ranges from 1 to 6 inches a year; most recharge is contributed by spring snowmelt and rainfall. A cone of depression caused by pumping the deeper aquifers in the Green Bay metropolitan area induces flow from the upper aquifer to the underlying st. Peter aquifer throughout most of the county. Several reaches of Duck Creek and the Suamico River also contribute water to the aquifers. A
\nbout 13 million gallons per day of ground water was pumped in Brown County during 1979, 63 percent of which was from wells open to both the St. Peter and Elk Mound aquifers. Municipal and industrial water users pumped 9.44 million gallons per day or 72 percent of the ground water withdrawn in 1979.
\nMost ground :water in the county is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. However, water from wells sampled in an area between the Fox River and Silurian escarpment have elevated levels of sodium (44 milligrams per liter) and sulfate (226 milligrams per liter). Water from wells that tap rocks older than Silurian dolomite contains high concentrations of strontium (more than 2.4 milligrams per liter) and fluoride (more than 0.85 milligrams per liter).
\nA three-dimensional digital model was used to simulate flow in the ground-water system. Model results indicate that sources of ground water pumped from wells tapping the St. Peter and Elk Mound aquifers in Brown County, 1979, include 4.8 million gallons per day of underflow, most of which enters the county across the west border; 1.9 million gallons per day of flow from vertical leakage within the county; and 1.5 million gallons per day from storage. The model is most sensitive to the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer. Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining units and recharge rates to the water-table aquifer are the least well-defined model parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","collaboration":"In cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., and Brown, B., 1986, Hydrogeology and ground-water use and quality, Brown County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 57, v, 42 p.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350385,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic57/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Brown County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.9887,44.6778],[-87.9888,44.6728],[-87.9901,44.6719],[-87.9907,44.6719],[-87.9914,44.6719],[-87.9932,44.6751],[-87.9939,44.6751],[-87.9952,44.6751],[-87.9958,44.6747],[-87.9971,44.6719],[-87.9991,44.672],[-88.0029,44.6738],[-88.0061,44.6743],[-88.0067,44.6739],[-88.0074,44.6734],[-88.008,44.673],[-88.0074,44.6716],[-88.0062,44.6702],[-88.0005,44.6679],[-87.9998,44.6674],[-87.9998,44.6665],[-88.0005,44.6651],[-88.0012,44.6647],[-88.0018,44.6647],[-88.0075,44.6679],[-88.0082,44.6679],[-88.0088,44.6675],[-88.0082,44.6638],[-88.009,44.6575],[-88.0099,44.6461],[-88.0106,44.6456],[-88.0112,44.6456],[-88.0144,44.6466],[-88.0151,44.6466],[-88.0151,44.6457],[-88.0145,44.6429],[-88.0145,44.642],[-88.0191,44.6352],[-88.0185,44.6343],[-88.0153,44.6338],[-88.0147,44.6334],[-88.0117,44.6251],[-88.0074,44.6141],[-88.0068,44.6132],[-88.0004,44.6118],[-87.9941,44.6067],[-87.9816,44.5947],[-87.9797,44.5933],[-87.979,44.5924],[-87.9798,44.5878],[-87.9805,44.5828],[-87.9818,44.5824],[-87.983,44.5892],[-87.9848,44.591],[-87.9861,44.5943],[-87.9898,44.6002],[-88.0012,44.6077],[-88.0082,44.61],[-88.0088,44.61],[-88.0101,44.61],[-88.0107,44.6105],[-88.0107,44.6119],[-88.0136,44.6228],[-88.0149,44.6238],[-88.0155,44.6247],[-88.0162,44.6247],[-88.0168,44.6247],[-88.0175,44.6234],[-88.0182,44.6188],[-88.0178,44.6092],[-88.0187,44.5974],[-88.0188,44.5946],[-88.0207,44.5937],[-88.0214,44.5924],[-88.0214,44.5901],[-88.019,44.585],[-88.0204,44.5782],[-88.0191,44.5782],[-88.0185,44.5759],[-88.0173,44.5745],[-88.0179,44.5732],[-88.0192,44.5723],[-88.0211,44.5737],[-88.0217,44.5755],[-88.0237,44.5755],[-88.0269,44.5746],[-88.0365,44.577],[-88.039,44.5766],[-88.0462,44.5726],[-88.0468,44.5717],[-88.0475,44.5694],[-88.0476,44.5658],[-88.0451,44.5644],[-88.0425,44.5639],[-88.0406,44.5648],[-88.0399,44.5675],[-88.0386,44.5684],[-88.0335,44.5665],[-88.0284,44.5637],[-88.0259,44.5614],[-88.0234,44.56],[-88.0234,44.5591],[-88.0247,44.5582],[-88.0266,44.5573],[-88.0286,44.5569],[-88.0337,44.5583],[-88.0349,44.5583],[-88.0356,44.5574],[-88.0356,44.5565],[-88.0287,44.5514],[-88.0255,44.5495],[-88.0249,44.5486],[-88.0249,44.5477],[-88.0249,44.5463],[-88.0218,44.5445],[-88.0212,44.5436],[-88.0212,44.5427],[-88.0218,44.5422],[-88.027,44.5391],[-88.0264,44.5386],[-88.0245,44.5386],[-88.0226,44.5386],[-88.02,44.5399],[-88.018,44.5435],[-88.0167,44.544],[-88.0154,44.5435],[-88.0142,44.5417],[-88.0116,44.5407],[-88.0046,44.5393],[-87.9925,44.5337],[-87.9811,44.5303],[-87.9664,44.5284],[-87.9504,44.5277],[-87.9401,44.529],[-87.9343,44.5316],[-87.931,44.5348],[-87.927,44.5416],[-87.9244,44.5429],[-87.9171,44.5529],[-87.9105,44.5605],[-87.9079,44.5628],[-87.9053,44.5664],[-87.9052,44.5682],[-87.9045,44.571],[-87.9031,44.575],[-87.905,44.5755],[-87.9095,44.576],[-87.914,44.5743],[-87.916,44.5743],[-87.9172,44.5752],[-87.9172,44.5761],[-87.9094,44.5797],[-87.9036,44.5819],[-87.8964,44.5864],[-87.8918,44.5918],[-87.886,44.5963],[-87.8839,44.6026],[-87.8813,44.6049],[-87.8741,44.6085],[-87.8695,44.6139],[-87.861,44.6188],[-87.8585,44.6192],[-87.8565,44.6187],[-87.8527,44.6178],[-87.8495,44.6173],[-87.8463,44.6177],[-87.8262,44.6284],[-87.8177,44.6338],[-87.8131,44.636],[-87.806,44.6373],[-87.7919,44.638],[-87.7823,44.6374],[-87.7732,44.6396],[-87.7706,44.6414],[-87.7654,44.645],[-87.7628,44.6477],[-87.7643,44.5888],[-87.7646,44.5017],[-87.7655,44.4146],[-87.7665,44.3271],[-87.8879,44.3277],[-87.888,44.2402],[-87.9238,44.2402],[-88.0099,44.2407],[-88.0431,44.2411],[-88.1317,44.2411],[-88.163,44.2414],[-88.193,44.2421],[-88.1919,44.3288],[-88.1921,44.3871],[-88.1921,44.4167],[-88.1918,44.5016],[-88.1908,44.5864],[-88.2203,44.5858],[-88.2453,44.5846],[-88.2446,44.6239],[-88.2432,44.664],[-88.2528,44.6641],[-88.2525,44.6846],[-88.2435,44.6845],[-88.2287,44.6844],[-88.2289,44.6725],[-88.1833,44.6734],[-88.1312,44.677],[-88.0092,44.6775],[-87.9887,44.6778]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Brown\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd44e4b03bc34f544b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, B.A.","contributorId":147913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70044324,"text":"70044324 - 1986 - Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole Counties, Oklahoma","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20205,"text":"ofr84445 - 1984 - Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole counties, Oklahoma","indexId":"ofr84445","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole counties, Oklahoma"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70044324,"text":"70044324 - 1986 - Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole Counties, Oklahoma","indexId":"70044324","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole Counties, Oklahoma"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-02T14:44:35","indexId":"70044324","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":244,"text":"Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"89","title":"Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole Counties, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"A study of water-quality degradation due to brine contamination was made in an area of ~1,700 mi2 in east-central Oklahoma. The study area coincides in part with the outcrop of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer of Pennsylvanian age.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Morton, R.B., 1986, Effects of brine on the chemical quality of water in parts of Creek, Lincoln, Okfuskee, Payne, Pottawatomie, and Seminole Counties, Oklahoma: Circular 89, iii, 38 p.; Map: 1 Sheet.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.; Map: 1 Sheet","startPage":"i","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268661,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/Circulars/circular89mm.pdf"},{"id":268662,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/CircularsPlates/C89P1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51332d74e4b0c316aaf0681d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert B.","contributorId":50899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046142,"text":"70046142 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8675,"text":"ofr77487 - 1977 - Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma","indexId":"ofr77487","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046142,"text":"70046142 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"70046142","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T00:19:18.616106","indexId":"70046142","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":244,"text":"Circular","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","docAbstract":"The Vamoosa-Ada aquifer, which underlies an area of about 2,320 mi2, consists principally of the Vamoosa Formation and the overlying Ada Group of Pennsylvanian age. Rocks comprising the aquifer were deposited in a nearshore environment ranging from marine on the west to nonmarine on the east. Because of changes in depositional environments with time and from place to place, the aquifer is a complex sequence of fine- to very fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, shale, and conglomerate, with interbedded very thin limestone. The aggregate thickness of water-bearing sandstones is greatest south of the Cimarron River, where it reaches a maximum of 550 ft in the vicinity of Seminole. North of the Cimarron River, the average aggregate thickness of the sandstones is about 100 ft, but locally it may be as much as 200 ft. Transmissivity values derived from seven aquifer tests made for this study range from 70 to 490 ft2 per day; values decrease from south to north with decreasing sandstone thickness. Hydraulic-conductivity values range from 2 to 4 ft per day. Storage coefficients for the confined part of the aquifer, as determined from four aquifer tests made during 1944, have an average value of 0.0002. The average storage coefficient for the unconfined part of the aquifer is estimated at 0.12, based on an analysis of geophysical logs and grain-size data. The specific capacity of wells tested is generally less than 1 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown. An approximate hydrologic budget for the aquifer for 1975 gives values, in acre-feet per year, of 93,000 for recharge, 233,000 for runoff, and 2,003,000 for evapotranspiration. The total of these values is almost equal to the average annual precipitation of 2,330,000 acre-ft per year. The estimated amount of water containing a maximum of 1,500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids stored in the aquifer is estimated at 60 million acre-ft. Of this amount, an estimated 36 million acre-ft is available for use. The quality of water in the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer generally is suitable for municipal, domestic, and stock use. Of 55 water samples analyzed in the laboratory, about 75 percent were of the sodium bicarbonate or sodium calcium bicarbonate type; the remainder were of the sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium chloride, or indeterminate types. Laboratory and on-site chemical-quality data indicate that mineralization of both ground and surface waters is greater than normal in some areas. Water samples from 7 wells and 12 stream sites had concentrations of bromide exceeding 1 milligram per liter; the only known source of bromide in the area is brine associated with petroleum production.","language":"English","publisher":"Oklahoma Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"D’Lugosz, J.J., McClaflin, R.G., and Marcher, M.V., 1986, Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water: Circular 87, vi, 42 p.; Maps: 3 Sheets: 40 x 44 inches.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.; Maps: 3 Sheets: 40 x 44 inches","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ou.edu/ogs/publications/circulars/circularssearch"},{"id":272933,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70046142.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.0,33.62 ], [ -103.0,37.0 ], [ -94.43,37.0 ], [ -94.43,33.62 ], [ -103.0,33.62 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a5d1e9e4b0605bc571efbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Lugosz, Joseph J.","contributorId":71172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Lugosz","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClaflin, Roger G.","contributorId":50157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClaflin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcher, Melvin V.","contributorId":11590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcher","given":"Melvin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70043186,"text":"70043186 - 1986 - Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12494,"text":"ofr85568 - 1985 - Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"ofr85568","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043186,"text":"70043186 - 1986 - Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah","indexId":"70043186","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T09:44:27","indexId":"70043186","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"86","title":"Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"This study is one of a series of studies appraising the waterbearing properties of the Navajo Sandstone and associated formations in southern Utah. The stu<¥ area is al:x>dy area is about 4,600 square miles, extending from the Utah-Arizona State line northward to the San Juan-Grand County line and westward from the Utah-Colorado State line to the longitude of about 109°50'.
Some of the water-yielding formations are grouped into aquifer systems. The C aquifer is comprised of the DeChelly Sandstone Member of the Cutler Formation. The P aquifer is comprised of the Cedar Mesa Member of the Cutler Formation and the undifferentiated Cutler Formation. The N aquifer is comprised of the sedimentary section that includes the Wingate Sandstone, Kayenta Formation, Navajo Sandstone, Carmel Formation, and Entrada sandstone. The M aquifer is comprised of the Bluff Sandstone Member and other sandstone units of the Morrison Formation. The D aquifer is comprised of the Burro Canyon Formation and Dakota Sandstone. Discharge from the ground-water reservoir to the San Juan River between gaging stations at Four Corners and Mexican Hat is about 66 cubic feet per second.
The N aquifer is the main aquifer in the study area. Recharge by infiltration of precipitation is estimated to be 25,000 acre-feet per year. A major ground-water divide exists under the broad area east of Monticello. The thickness of the N aquifer, where the sedimentary section is fully preserved and saturated, generally is 750 to 1,250 feet. Hydraulic conductivity values obtained from aquifer tests range from 0.02 to 0.34 foot per day. The total volume of water in transient storage is about 11 million acre-feet. Well discharge somewhat exceeded 2,340 acre-feet during 1981. Discharge to the San Juan River from the N aquifer is estimated to be 6.9 cubic feet per second. Water quality ranges from a calcium bicarbonate to sodium chloride type water
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the Unites States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources and Energy Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Avery, C., 1986, Bedrock aquifers of eastern San Juan County, Utah: Technical Publication 86, viii, 114 p.","productDescription":"viii, 114 p.","numberOfPages":"125","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267104,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-200"},{"id":332014,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000ab.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.918212890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.918212890625,\n 38.74123075381228\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 38.74123075381228\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.918212890625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5114dafce4b0ca7af0743b0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Avery, Charles","contributorId":70739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avery","given":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70044030,"text":"70044030 - 1986 - Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14181,"text":"ofr85638 - 1985 - Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","indexId":"ofr85638","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70044030,"text":"70044030 - 1986 - Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","indexId":"70044030","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T09:32:51","indexId":"70044030","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"85","title":"Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water","docAbstract":"The Park City area is a rapidly growing residential and recreational area about 30 miles east of Sal t Lake City (fig. 1). The area of study is about 140 square miles in which the principle industries are agriculture, skiing, and other recreational activities. The area once was a major lead- and silver-mining district, but no mines were active in 1984. A resumption in mining activity, however, could take place with an increase in the price of metals.
The population of the Park City area is expected to increase rapidly in the near future; and the provision of an adequate water supply for the growing population, while avoiding harmful affects of development, is a major concern for local municipalities, developers, and the Utah Division of Water Rights. In addition, agricultural interests in and below the area are concerned about the effects of increased ground-water withdrawals on streamflow, which is fully appropriated by downstream users. The area also contains the proposed site for the Jordanelle dam, a part of the Bonneville unit of the central Utah Project. The damsite is near an historic mining area; and mining companies are concerned that if mining is resumed, the reservoir may create some additional dewatering problems in the mines.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Holmes, W.F., Thompson, K.R., and Enright, M., 1986, Water resources of the Park City area, Utah, with emphasis on ground water: Technical Publication 85, vi, 82 p.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"90","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268266,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000aa.pdf"},{"id":332012,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-170"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Park City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 41.025499378313754\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 41.025499378313754\n ],\n [\n -111.1376953125,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 40.44694705960048\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"512c9623e4b0855fde669820","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Kendall R.","contributorId":100854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Kendall","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enright, Michael","contributorId":99979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enright","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5230189,"text":"5230189 - 1986 - The Breeding Bird Survey: Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T13:44:53","indexId":"5230189","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"157","title":"The Breeding Bird Survey: Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979","docAbstract":"The Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is an ongoing cooperative program sponsored jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Its main purpose is to estimate population trends of the many species of birds that nest in North America north of Mexico and that migrate across international boundaries. This survey provides information, both locally by ecological or political regions and on a continental scale, on (1) short-term population changes that can be correlated with specific weather incidents, (2) recovery periods following catastrophic declines, (3) normal year-to-year variations, (4) long-term population trends, and (5) invasions of exotics. The BBS also permits detailed computer mapping of relative abundance of each species, either year by year to show changes in distribution and relative abundance, or the average over a period of years. It provides base-line data with which more intensive local studies can be compared. For biogeographic studies it provides uniform sampling of bird populations by major physiographic regions across the continent. In conjunction with the Audubon Christmas Bird Count, it permits comparison of summer and winter distribution of species that winter in the United States. Most species of North American birds migrate across international boundaries, especially those shared with Canada, Mexico, and the Soviet Union. As part of our responsibility under treaties with these nations, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has developed the BBS to monitor avian population changes so that any adverse trends can be detected early. This provides the opportunity to determine the reasons for any increase or decrease, to define geographic areas in which changes are greatest, to study correlations between avian population changes and land-use changes, and to make recommendations for controlling undesirable bird population trends. For example, the BBS can be used to detect and estimate the extent of losses resulting from widespread use of pesticides, and to reveal whether major population changes of a given species (e.g., Dickcissel) in certain States are related to a continental decline or are merely a result of population shifts within the breeding range. Effects of urban and suburban expansion are often reflected in the loss of forest interior birds. Population trends for 230 species as well as several avian genera and families are discussed and graphed in this report. For most of these species, regional and well as continental trends are shown. The three major regions discussed are the Eastern, Central, and Western, bounded by the Mississippi River and the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. Additional graphs for certain States or physiographic regions are included for selected species of special interest. The following paragraphs summarize general trends in the major bird families. The native herons in general are maintaining their populations, whereas the exotic Cattle Egret continues its geographic spread and its steady increase. Waterfowl as a group are stable or increasing. Although most widespread species of hawks are on the increase, the rarer species show evidence of decline. Among the gallinaceous birds, the greatest change was a sharp drop in Northern Bobwhite as a result of the exceptionally cold winters of 1976-77 and 1977-78 in the Ohio Valley and the Middle Atlantic States. Killdeer populations, except for a minor decline during these two winters, showed strong increases except in the West. American Woodcock were poorly sampled by the BBS because they were relatively inactive during daylight. Common Snipe and the other common shorebirds that nest in the United States and southern Canada exhibited stable or increasing populations, especially in the Eastern and Central regions. Herring Gull counts varied dramatically and irregularly from year to year. Laughing Gulls increased along the Atlantic coast and Franklin's Gulls declined in the interior of the continen","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., Bystrak, D., and Geissler, P., 1986, The Breeding Bird Survey: Its first fifteen years, 1965-1979: Resource Publication 157, iii, 196 p.","productDescription":"iii, 196 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284991,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5230189/report.pdf"},{"id":202759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/5230189/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bystrak, D.","contributorId":58220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bystrak","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissler, P.H.","contributorId":24038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210372,"text":"5210372 - 1986 - Aquatic birds and selenium in the San Joaquin Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T16:29:30","indexId":"5210372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aquatic birds and selenium in the San Joaquin Valley","docAbstract":"Kesterton Reservoir is a series of ponds comprising 1,200 acres sitting in the grasslands of the Kesterton National Wildlife Refuge. It is bounded on the east by the San Luis Drain, a concrete-lined canal that discharges agricultural drainage into the ponds at their southern end, from which point it then flows northward through the twelve ponds (see the map on the page following).
Mike Saki and I studied several of these ponds to determine the concentrations of selenium and other contaminants in food-chain organisms. You'll hear more about this from Mike shortly. My portion of the study was to determine the reproductive success of birds nesting in the ponds and to collect birds so that we could find out what they were eating and what levels of selenium were in their tissues.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Selenium and agricultural drainage: Implications for San Francisco Bay and the California environment - Proceedings of the second selenium symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second Selenium Symposium","conferenceDate":"Marsh 23, 1985","conferenceLocation":"Berkeley, CA","language":"English","publisher":"The Bay Institute of San Francisco","publisherLocation":"Tiburon, California","isbn":"0-937995-00-2","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., 1986, Aquatic birds and selenium in the San Joaquin Valley, chap. of Selenium and agricultural drainage: Implications for San Francisco Bay and the California environment - Proceedings of the second selenium symposium, p. 14-24.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kesterton Reservoir","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db67a090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, Harry M.","contributorId":60291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015106,"text":"70015106 - 1986 - Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:41:37.724639","indexId":"70015106","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems","docAbstract":"Correlation of coal beds in the Fruitland Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in the subsurface, from interpretation of geophysical logs, is an outgrowth of unpublished studies of deep coal on the Navajo Reservation by the author in the Toadlena 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, New Mexico, and by W. J. Mapel in the Farmington 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, New Mexico. The lines of sections of this report extend eastward from the reservation into east-central San Juan County, which is in the western part of the San Juan Basin. In this area, the rocks dip gently northeast toward the central part of the basin. The thick coal is less than 1,500 feet beneath the surface. Of the 53 logs in the sections, 48 are from oil- and gas-test holes, and 5 are from coal-test holes (see table 1). Stratigraphic relations of the Upper Cretaceous Lewis Shale, Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, and Fruitland Formation, shown on the cross sections and briefly reviewed below, have been previously described for this or other parts of the San Juan Basin by Hayes and Zapp (1955), Beaumont (1971), Fassett and hinds (1971), O;Sullivan and other (1972), and Molenaar (1983), among others.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1848","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, D.T., 1986, Correlation of coal beds in the Fruitland Formation as interpreted from geophysical logs, east-central San Juan County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1848, 2 Plates: 58.60 x 35.59 inches and 52.04 x 38.13 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1848.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 58.60 x 35.59 inches and 52.04 x 38.13 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":183308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1848.PNG"},{"id":327481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1848/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1848/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.36749999999999,36.25 ], [ -108.36749999999999,36.5 ], [ -107.75,36.5 ], [ -107.75,36.25 ], [ -108.36749999999999,36.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandberg, Dorothy T.","contributorId":19240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59112,"text":"mf1572C - 1986 - Mineral resource assessment map of the Big Gum Swamp Roadless Area, Columbia and Baker counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T09:53:10","indexId":"mf1572C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1572","chapter":"C","title":"Mineral resource assessment map of the Big Gum Swamp Roadless Area, Columbia and Baker counties, Florida","docAbstract":"The Big Gum Swamp Roadless Area (figs, 1 and 2) comprises 13,600 acres in the north-central part of the Osceola National Forest in Columbia and Baker Counties, about 12 airline miles northeast of Lake City, Fla. The area is bounded by Forest Service road 211 and Florida highway 250 on the south, Forest Service roads 233 and 232 on the west and north, and Forest Service road 235 on the east. The area can be reached by traveling 11.7 mi on Florida Highway 250 northeast from its junction with U.S. Highway 441, north of Lake City to the junction of Highway 250 and Forest Service road 233, thence north 1.3 mi on the Forest Service road to the southern corner of the area.
\nThe geology of the Big Cum Swamp Roadless Area, which is discussed briefly in this report, is covered in somewhat more detail in a report by Patterson, Cathcart, Cameron, and Schruben (1984). The mineral resource potential is quite similar to that in the Natural Area Roadless Area outlined by Cathcart, Patterson and Crandall (1983). The Natural Area, which is east of the eastern boundary of the Big Gum Swamp (fig. 1), also was designated a Wilderness Study Area by Public Law 98-430, September 28, 1984.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1572C","usgsCitation":"Cathcart, J., Cameron, C., and Patterson, S.H., 1986, Mineral resource assessment map of the Big Gum Swamp Roadless Area, Columbia and Baker counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1572, Plate: 39.97 x 40.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1572C.","productDescription":"Plate: 39.97 x 40.90 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1572C.JPG"},{"id":327168,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1572-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Baker County, Columbia County","otherGeospatial":"Big Gum Swamp Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.5,30 ], [ -82.5,30.5 ], [ -82.36749999999999,30.5 ], [ -82.36749999999999,30 ], [ -82.5,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cathcart, J.B.","contributorId":83533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathcart","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cameron, C. C.","contributorId":94299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, S. H.","contributorId":85232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":59135,"text":"mf1365D - 1986 - Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, east part of the Raymond Peak Roadless Area, Alpine County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-18T13:44:43","indexId":"mf1365D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1365","chapter":"D","title":"Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, east part of the Raymond Peak Roadless Area, Alpine County, California","docAbstract":"The Raymond peak Roadless Area consists of two separate units. The west part (5985), about 12 miles southwest of Markleeville in Stanislaus National Forest, has been studied separately as part of the Mokelumne Wilderness and vicinity (McKee and others, 1982). The east part (4985) is discussed here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1365D","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1986, Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, east part of the Raymond Peak Roadless Area, Alpine County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1365, 40.44 x 40.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1365D.","productDescription":"40.44 x 40.03 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1365-D/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":358536,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1365-D/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alpine County","otherGeospatial":"Raymond Peak Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.91666666666667,38.583333333333336 ], [ -119.91666666666667,38.75 ], [ -119.75,38.75 ], [ -119.75,38.583333333333336 ], [ -119.91666666666667,38.583333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59136,"text":"mf1616B - 1986 - Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Pyramid Roadless Area, El Dorado County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:10:16","indexId":"mf1616B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1616","chapter":"B","title":"Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Pyramid Roadless Area, El Dorado County, California","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of a geochemical survey of the Pyramid Roadless Area (5203) in the Eldorado National Forest and Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, El Dorado County, California. This roadless area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
\nThe Pyramid Roadless Area lies near the crest of the Sierra Nevada about 75 miles east of Sacramento, California. the area, which is adjacent to and almost encircles the Desolation Wilderness, encompasses approximately 31,400 acres in Eldorado National Forest and the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit in El Dorado County, California.
\nThe area is dominated by deep rugged canyons that run eastward from the Sierra Nevada crest to Lake Tahoe basin and westward toward the Sacramento Valley. Elevations range from about 5,500 feet along Big Silver Creek on the west side of the study area to 8,895 feet at Echo Peak along the southeastern side of the roadless area.
\nGeochemical sampling was conducted during 1982. This report summarizes the results of that investigation and provides details of the geochemical evaluation used in producing the final mineral resource assessment of the study area (Armstrong and others, 1983).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1616B","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M., 1986, Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Pyramid Roadless Area, El Dorado County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1616, 53.33 x 37.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1616B.","productDescription":"53.33 x 37.93 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1616B.PNG"},{"id":327192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1616-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"El Dorado County","otherGeospatial":"Eldorado National Forest, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, Pyramid Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.5,38.75 ], [ -120.5,39 ], [ -120,39 ], [ -120,38.75 ], [ -120.5,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69959f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59137,"text":"mf1535C - 1986 - Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Sweetwater Roadless Area, Mono County, California and Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-30T15:05:09.444264","indexId":"mf1535C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1535","chapter":"C","title":"Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Sweetwater Roadless Area, Mono County, California and Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Sweetwater Roadless Area lies between Yerington, Nevada, and Bridgeport, California, along the California-Nevada boundary. The area encompasses approximately 72,240 acres in Toiyabe National Forest in Mono County, California, and Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada.
\nThis roadless area, which lies just east of the Sierra Nevada range, exhibits rugged topography. Elevations range from about 6,160 feet near Devil's Gate to 11,673 feet at Mount Patterson.
\nGeochemical sampling was conducted during 1978, 1979, and 1980. This report summarizes the results of that investigation and provides details of the geochemical evaluation used in producing the final mineral resource assessment of the study area (Brem and others, 1984).
\nMap A shows the locations of all sites where rock samples were collected for this report and the distributions of anomalous concentrations for 12 elements in the 127 rock samples collected. In a similar manner, map B shows the collection sites for 59 samples of minus-60-mesh stream sediment, and 59 samples of nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate derived from stream sediment and also shows the distributions of anomalous concentrations for 13 elements in the stream-sediment samples and 17 elements in the concentrate samples. Map C shows outlines of those drainage basins containing samples of stream sediment and concentrate with anomalous element concentrations and also shows weighted values for each outlined basin based on the number of elements with anomalous concentrations in each stream-sediment and concentrate sample and on the degree to which these concentrations are anomalous in each sample.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1535C","usgsCitation":"Chaffee, M.A., 1986, Summary geochemical maps for samples of rock, stream sediment, and nonmagnetic heavy-mineral concentrate, Sweetwater Roadless Area, Mono County, California and Lyon and Douglas Counties, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1535, 2 Plates: 53.57 x 33.85 inches and 50.66 x 33.67 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1535C.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 53.57 x 33.85 inches and 50.66 x 33.67 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":327191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1535-C/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":327190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1535-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":326381,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1535C.JPG"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Douglas County, Lyon County, Mono County","otherGeospatial":"Sweetwater Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.5,38.25 ], [ -119.5,38.5 ], [ -119.25,38.5 ], [ -119.25,38.25 ], [ -119.5,38.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chaffee, Maurice A. mchaffee@usgs.gov","contributorId":4047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"Maurice","email":"mchaffee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":261492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59140,"text":"mf1527C - 1986 - Maps showing mines and prospects in the Southern Massanutten Roadless Area, Page and Rockingham counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:06:40","indexId":"mf1527C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1527","chapter":"C","title":"Maps showing mines and prospects in the Southern Massanutten Roadless Area, Page and Rockingham counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Southern Massanutten Roadless Area contains about 11,800 acres in the George Washington National Forest in the Valley and Ridge physiographic province of west-central Virginia. The area, which is 13 mi long and 1 to 2 mi wide, is in Page and Rockingham Counties on the eastern side of the Shenandoah Valley, between the North and South Forks of the Shenandoah River. The north end is 11 mi southwest of Luray and the south end is 7 mi east of Harrisonburg (fig. 1). The roadless area is characterized by a series of long sandstone ridges collectively called Massanutten Mountain. Ridge crests are 1,100 to 1,900 ft above the Shenandoah Valley floor, and are composed principally of resistant Massanutten Sandstone, which is overlain by thin shales and limestones bearing iron mineralization. The Martinsburg Shale and several limestones rock units underlie the Massanutten Sandstone (Brent, 1960, pl. 1.; Allen, 1967, pl. 1). The entire sequence has been folded into a synclinorium (Brent, 1960, p. 81).
\nAlthough many of these strata have been mined in the Shenandoah Valley, production of mineral commodities from within the roadless area has been minimal (fig. 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1527C","usgsCitation":"Chatman, M.L., and Behum, P.T., 1986, Maps showing mines and prospects in the Southern Massanutten Roadless Area, Page and Rockingham counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1527, 37.17 x 27.33 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1527C.","productDescription":"37.17 x 27.33 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1527C.PNG"},{"id":327188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1527-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Page County, Rockingham County","otherGeospatial":"Southern Massanutten Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.75,38.3675 ], [ -78.75,38.6175 ], [ -78.61749999999999,38.6175 ], [ -78.61749999999999,38.3675 ], [ -78.75,38.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605cb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chatman, Mark L.","contributorId":97878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chatman","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behum, Paul T.","contributorId":86894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behum","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":61520,"text":"mf1581B - 1986 - Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:39:47","indexId":"mf1581B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1581","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon","docAbstract":"The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the analytical results of a geochemical survey of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area (B6253) in the Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests, Grant County, Oregon. The North Fork John Day River Roadless Area was classified as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.
\nThe North Fork John Day River Roadless Area comprised 21,210 acres in the Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests, Grant County, Oregon, about 30 miles northwest of Baker, Oregon. The irregularly shaped area extends for about 1 mile on both sides of a 25-mile segment of the North Fork John Day River from Big Creek on the west to North Fork John Day Campground on the east. Most of the roadless area is in the northern half of the Desolation Butte 15-minute quadrangle. The eastern end of the area is in parts of the Granite and Trout Meadows 7½-minute quadrangles.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1581B","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., 1986, Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1581, 36.58 x 25.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1581B.","productDescription":"36.58 x 25.48 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1581b.PNG"},{"id":327606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1581-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Grant County","otherGeospatial":"North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Umatilla National Forest, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,45 ], [ -118.41666666666667,45 ], [ -118.41666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James G. jevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":2396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"jevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":265863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64956,"text":"i1687 - 1986 - Divisions of potential fracture permeability, based on distribution of structures and linear features in sedimentary rocks, northern Great Plains-Rocky Mountains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and northern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:46:20","indexId":"i1687","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1687","title":"Divisions of potential fracture permeability, based on distribution of structures and linear features in sedimentary rocks, northern Great Plains-Rocky Mountains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and northern Nebraska","docAbstract":"Division of fracture traces in sedimentary rocks of Cenozoic to Precambrian Age - Eastern and central North and South Dakota and northern Nebraska include only Cenozoic to Pennsylvanian rocks at the surface and at relatively shallow depths; the area of shallow thrust faulting in north-central Montana includes many Cretaceous rocks. Fractures in the deeper rocks in these areas vary, depending on the local structure. Large areas of western Montana are underlain by Precambrian sedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/i1687","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., 1986, Divisions of potential fracture permeability, based on distribution of structures and linear features in sedimentary rocks, northern Great Plains-Rocky Mountains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and northern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1687, 56.32 x 32.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1687.","productDescription":"56.32 x 32.57 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1687.PNG"},{"id":327620,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1687/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107101,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9881"}],"scale":"5000","country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,41 ], [ -114,49 ], [ -96,49 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -114,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":8077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}