{"pageNumber":"337","pageRowStart":"8400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10961,"records":[{"id":60032,"text":"mf1811 - 1986 - Maps showing geology, geochemistry, and mineral resources assessment of the Rough Mountain Roadless Area, Alleghany and Bath counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-24T17:43:47.700453","indexId":"mf1811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1811","title":"Maps showing geology, geochemistry, and mineral resources assessment of the Rough Mountain Roadless Area, Alleghany and Bath counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>The Rough Mountain Roadless Area comprises about 9,300 acres of George Washington National Forest land in the Valley and Ridge province in west-central Virginia. The area, which is about 6 mi long and 2 mi wide, is in Bath and Alleghany Counties, about 3 mi south of Millboro Springs, Va. (Index Map). State Route 42 forms part of the western boundary of the area, the Cowpasture River forms part of the southern boundary and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad and Pads Creek form the eastern boundary. The northern boundary follows the crests of two small ridges that lead east and west from the main ridgeline of Rough Mountain.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1811","usgsCitation":"Lesure, F.G., and Nicholson, S.W., 1986, Maps showing geology, geochemistry, and mineral resources assessment of the Rough Mountain Roadless Area, Alleghany and Bath counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1811, 1 Plate: 38.70 x 37.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1811.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.70 x 37.29 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":327321,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1811/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1811.PNG"},{"id":496039,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7600.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Alleghany County, Bath County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.3048095703125,\n              38.11240953756736\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.35905456542969,\n              38.085391861792274\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.39613342285156,\n              38.08160859009049\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4098663330078,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.43115234375,\n              38.049713236564884\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.45449829101562,\n              38.03240824631954\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.47372436523438,\n              38.01564013749379\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.48127746582031,\n              37.99778599882999\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.50119018554688,\n              37.98588082442038\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.50393676757812,\n              37.974514992024616\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.48745727539061,\n              37.96423010313807\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.48196411132812,\n              37.95394377350263\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.46205139160156,\n              37.938782346134396\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.45518493652344,\n              37.92686760148135\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4366455078125,\n              37.90845010709064\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4146728515625,\n              37.899781455245545\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.40505981445312,\n              37.89165366675874\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.39750671386719,\n              37.88623464254098\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.37690734863281,\n              37.878647338613455\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.32540893554688,\n              37.91170058826019\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.3048095703125,\n              37.931200459333716\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.26979064941406,\n              37.96423010313807\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.2388916015625,\n              37.990751356571195\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.20867919921875,\n              38.036734877267705\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18190002441406,\n              38.07620357665235\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.18052673339844,\n              38.10052299089303\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.3048095703125,\n              38.11240953756736\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6058f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesure, Frank G.","contributorId":20068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesure","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, Suzanne W. 0000-0002-9365-1894 swnich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1894","contributorId":880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Suzanne","email":"swnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":263018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":60220,"text":"mf1567C - 1986 - Aeromagnetic map of the Rattlesnake Roadless Area, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:31:03","indexId":"mf1567C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1567","chapter":"C","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Rattlesnake Roadless Area, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The Rattlesnake Road less Area covers 32,870 acres between long 11&deg;37'30\" and long 111&deg;47'30\" W. and between lat 34&deg;40' and lat 34&deg;45' N., Coconino and Yavapai Counties, in central Arizona. Sedona and 0ak Creek, the nearest population centers, are located, respectively, at the northwest corner and along the west boundary of the roadless area.</p>\n<p>The Rattlesnake Roadless Area includes the deeply embayed Mogollon Rim margin of the Colorado Plateau Province and part of the Werde Walley. The Werde Walley is a deeply dissected lacustrine basin, one of several tectonic basins in the Arizona transition zone that separate the Basin and Range Province from the Colorado Plateau Province. Here the plateau surface falls off abruptly to the Werde Valley, drained by the Werde River, the master stream of the region.</p>\n<p>The highest point in the roadless area is 6,834 ft at the basalt cap at the north end of Munds Mountain. The lowest point, about 3,480 ft, is along Dry Beaver Creek, near the southwest corner of the roadless area. The maximum relief, more than 2,000 ft, occurs between the Munds-Lee Mountain divide and the valley floors of bordering Oak Creek and Jacks Canyon. The relief between floor and upper canyon rims along the steep-walled and narrow Woods Canyon ranges from 900 ft to more than 1,400 ft; the east side of the canyon has the highest walls.</p>\n<p>Canyon rims in the roadless area are accessible by several four-wheel-drive trails across the plateau surface from points along Schnebly Hill Road and Highway I-17. Access to Jacks Canyon is by road and four-wheel-drive trail to Jacks Canyon Tank, about 4 mi up the canyon from Highway 179. Access to the head of Jacks Canyon is by foot or horse along a well-maintained trail. Access to the bottom of Woods Canyon is by four-wheel-drive vehicle for about 2 mi from Highway 179 and then by pack trail for about 5 mi more.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1567C","usgsCitation":"Martin, R., 1986, Aeromagnetic map of the Rattlesnake Roadless Area, Coconino and Yavapai counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1567, Plate: 42.80 x 40.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1567C.","productDescription":"Plate: 42.80 x 40.64 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1567C.JPG"},{"id":327333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1567-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Rattlesnake Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.78416666666666,34.666666666666664 ], [ -111.78416666666666,34.8675 ], [ -111.61749999999999,34.8675 ], [ -111.61749999999999,34.666666666666664 ], [ -111.78416666666666,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691a49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, R.A.","contributorId":53379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":66329,"text":"i1727B - 1986 - Generalized fence diagram showing principal coal and key marine beds of Pennsylvanian age in the Hazard 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T21:04:30.040623","indexId":"i1727B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1727","chapter":"B","title":"Generalized fence diagram showing principal coal and key marine beds of Pennsylvanian age in the Hazard 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1727B","usgsCitation":"Kradyna, J.W., and Rice, C.L., 1986, Generalized fence diagram showing principal coal and key marine beds of Pennsylvanian age in the Hazard 30' x 60' quadrangle, eastern Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1727, 1 Plate: 50.23 x 30.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1727B.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 50.23 x 30.30 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494066,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9897.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":255801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1727b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255800,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1727b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255799,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1727b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Hazard 30' x 60' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -84,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -83,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -83,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6af9b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kradyna, J. W.","contributorId":20020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kradyna","given":"J.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, C. L.","contributorId":60658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":60221,"text":"mf1558C - 1986 - Aeromagnetic map of the Wet Beaver Roadless Area, Yavapai and Coconino counties, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:39:49","indexId":"mf1558C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1558","chapter":"C","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the Wet Beaver Roadless Area, Yavapai and Coconino counties, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>The Wet Beaver Roadless Area includes 9,890 acres (15.4 mi2) of the Coconino National Forest and is in T. 15 N., Rs. 6, 7, and 8 E., Yavapai and Coconino Counties, central Arizona. Camp Verde, the nearest major population center, is about 13 mi southwest of the road less area.</p>\n<p>The area boundary closely follows the rim of the steep-walled canyon cut by Wet Beaver Creek into the gently westward sloping surface of the Colorado Plateau. The mouth of the canyon and the western boundary of the roadless area are near the Mogollon Rim, an escarpment that marks the southwestern margin of the Colorado Plateau. Here, the plateau surface falls off sharply in the Verde Valley, and Wet Beaver Creek flows 12 mi farther west where it joins the Verde River, the master stream of the region.</p>\n<p>The maximum elevation within the area, just east of Hog Hill, is 6,470 ft. The lowest point, at 4,000 ft, is the stream bed of Wet Beaver Creek near the western area boundary. Topographic relief within the area ranges from 1,200 ft near the mouth of the canyon at Casner Butte to about 150 ft at the eastern boundary.</p>\n<p>Perennial springs, located south of Hog Hill, discharge about 1,200-1,500 gallons of water per minute into Wet Beaver Creek (Twenter and Metzger, 1963, p. 94).</p>\n<p>The western boundary of the roadless area and the mouth of Wet Beaver Creek canyon are accessible by Forest Service roads from either Camp Verde or the Sedona interchange on Interstate Highway 17. Various points along the canyon rim and the area boundary can be reached by unimproved roads, jeep trails, and pack trails. The canyon floor is accessible only on foot; in several places, deep pools require a swim or steep climb and descent for traverse of the canyon.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1558C","usgsCitation":"Martin, R., 1986, Aeromagnetic map of the Wet Beaver Roadless Area, Yavapai and Coconino counties, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1558, Plate: 36.20 x 26.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1558C.","productDescription":"Plate: 36.20 x 26.74 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1558C.JPG"},{"id":327344,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1558-C/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County, Yavapai County","otherGeospatial":"Wet Beaver Roadless Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.68333333333334,34.63333333333333 ], [ -111.68333333333334,34.7 ], [ -111.5,34.7 ], [ -111.5,34.63333333333333 ], [ -111.68333333333334,34.63333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae7e4b07f02db68be8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, R.A.","contributorId":53379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":263342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64956,"text":"i1687 - 1986 - Divisions of potential fracture permeability, based on distribution of structures and linear features in sedimentary rocks, northern Great Plains-Rocky Mountains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and northern Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:46:20","indexId":"i1687","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1687","title":"Divisions of potential fracture permeability, based on distribution of structures and linear features in sedimentary rocks, northern Great Plains-Rocky Mountains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and northern Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Division of fracture traces in sedimentary rocks of Cenozoic to Precambrian Age - Eastern and central North and South Dakota and northern Nebraska include only Cenozoic to Pennsylvanian rocks at the surface and at relatively shallow depths; the area of shallow thrust faulting in north-central Montana includes many Cretaceous rocks. Fractures in the deeper rocks in these areas vary, depending on the local structure. Large areas of western Montana are underlain by Precambrian sedimentary rocks.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/i1687","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., 1986, Divisions of potential fracture permeability, based on distribution of structures and linear features in sedimentary rocks, northern Great Plains-Rocky Mountains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and northern Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1687, 56.32 x 32.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1687.","productDescription":"56.32 x 32.57 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":189617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i1687.PNG"},{"id":327620,"rank":701,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1687/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107101,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9881.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9881"}],"scale":"5000","country":"United States","state":"Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,41 ], [ -114,49 ], [ -96,49 ], [ -96,41 ], [ -114,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d85c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":8077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60454,"text":"mf1842 - 1986 - Thermal maturity map of the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Uintah Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:28:01","indexId":"mf1842","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1842","title":"Thermal maturity map of the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Uintah Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The ability of rock to generate oil and gas is directly related to the type and quantity of kerogen and to its thermal maturity; therefore, thermal maturity is a commonly used tool for oil and gas exploration. &nbsp;The purpose of this study ws to provide a thermal-maturity map for the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group in the eastern part of the Uinta Basin. &nbsp;Prior to this study, thermal-maturity data were not available for the Uinta Basin. &nbsp;This study uses coal rank to show the thermal maturity of the associated rocks. &nbsp;The map was prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy under its western gas sands project.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1842","usgsCitation":"Nuccio, V.F., and Johnson, R.C., 1986, Thermal maturity map of the lower part of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Uintah Basin, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1842, 50.15 x 40.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1842.","productDescription":"50.15 x 40.19 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1842.PNG"},{"id":327388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1842/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,39 ], [ -111,40.25 ], [ -109,40.25 ], [ -109,39 ], [ -111,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dd8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":263778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":263779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":63495,"text":"gp969 - 1986 - Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":40338,"text":"ofr84587 - 1984 - Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr84587","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":63495,"text":"gp969 - 1986 - Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"gp969","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T17:59:17.777186","indexId":"gp969","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"969","title":"Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp969","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, R., 1986, Compilation of selected geophysical references for the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 969, 1 Plate: 51.75 x 38.21 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp969.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 51.75 x 38.21 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":253138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0969/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":249608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0969/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":249609,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0969/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":492572,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6311.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"2000000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -110,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a971b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, R.L.","contributorId":34891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":60626,"text":"mf1794 - 1986 - Map showing slope movements in the Oak Forest Quadrangle, Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T08:56:58","indexId":"mf1794","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1794","title":"Map showing slope movements in the Oak Forest Quadrangle, Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>This map is the first example in the eastern United States of a 1:24,000-scale 7.5&ndash; minute quadrangle map that identifies areas with slope&mdash;stability problems in detail. Such a map enables the user to make a rapid evaluation of the potential for mass movement. Furthermore, detailed slope movement inventory of this type can serve as a framework for statistical analyses of several factors that cause slope failures, such as the effects of bedrock lithology, soil and slope characteristics, and precipitation. Planners, engineers, soil scientists, geologists, and elected officials should find the map useful in the assessment of slope hazards and planning for future land use. Final evaluation of any site within the quadrangle should be based on an examination by a soils engineer or an engineering geologist.</p>\n<p>Field investigations in the springs of 1981 and 1982 and the fall of 1981 involved nearly 60 days of traverses. The foot traverses were supplemented by the interpretation of the land surface on vertical black-and-white aerial photography flown in January and February of 1973 at a scale of nearly 1:24,000. Earlier aerial photography flown in June and July 1939 at a scale of 1:20,000 and more recent but significantly smaller scale photography (1:80,000) flown in June 1977 supplied additional documentation. More than 1,200 active or recently active and 900 older slope movements were identified.</p>\n<p>The geologic map of the Oak Forest quadrangle (Roen, 1972) is one of several geologic maps at a scale of 1:24,000 in eastern and central Greene County. Stone (1932) wrote an earlier report of the geology and mineral resources of Greene County. A series of reconnaissance landslide maps at 1:24,000 scale based mainly on aerial photographic interpretation included Greene and adjacent counties (Hackman and Thomas, 1978).</p>\n<p>Selection of the Oak Forest quadrangle for a more comprehensive study of the slope movements was based on the existence of a recent geologic map (Roen, 1972), sizeable tracts of both forested and non-forested land, nearby precipitation record stations, a large number of pipelines which could offer pertinent data, and good accessibility of terrain from secondary roads. Finally, Hackman and Thomas (1978) showed that the area was representative of any quadrangle in the northern part of the Dunkard basin in its distribution and density of slope movements.</p>\n<p>The quadrangle is located about 65 km southwest of Pittsburgh, Penn. (fig. 1). Three distinct drainage systems (north, east, and south trending) are represented within the quadrangle (fig. 2).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1794","usgsCitation":"Pomeroy, J.S., 1986, Map showing slope movements in the Oak Forest Quadrangle, Greene County, southwestern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1794, Plate: 47.33 x 41.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1794.","productDescription":"Plate: 47.33 x 41.52 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1794.JPG"},{"id":327414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1794/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Greene County","otherGeospatial":"Oak Forest Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.25,39.75 ], [ -80.25,39.8675 ], [ -80.11749999999999,39.8675 ], [ -80.11749999999999,39.75 ], [ -80.25,39.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2a7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomeroy, J. S.","contributorId":16807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomeroy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57326,"text":"wdrVA851 - 1986 - Water resources data for Virginia water year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-25T18:40:15.476301","indexId":"wdrVA851","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"VA-85-1","title":"Water resources data for Virginia water year 1985","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrVA851","usgsCitation":"Prugh, B., Easton, F., and Lynch, D.D., 1986, Water resources data for Virginia water year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report VA-85-1, xii, 398 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrVA851.","productDescription":"xii, 398 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc89d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prugh, B.J.","contributorId":88811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prugh","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Easton, F.J.","contributorId":61096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Easton","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, D. D.","contributorId":12075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":61520,"text":"mf1581B - 1986 - Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T10:39:47","indexId":"mf1581B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1581","chapter":"B","title":"Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts require the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines to survey certain areas on Federal lands to determine their mineral resource potential. Results must be made available to the public and submitted to the President&nbsp;and the Congress. This report presents the analytical results of a geochemical survey of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area&nbsp;(B6253) in the Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman&nbsp;National Forests, Grant County, Oregon. The North Fork John Day River Roadless Area was classified&nbsp;as a further planning area during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE II) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979.</span></p>\n<p><span>The North Fork John Day River Roadless Area comprised 21,210 acres in the&nbsp;Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman&nbsp;National Forests, Grant County, Oregon, about 30 miles northwest of Baker, Oregon. The irregularly shaped area extends for about 1 mile on both sides of a 25-mile segment of the North Fork John Day River from Big Creek on the west to North Fork John Day Campground on the east. Most of the roadless area is in the northern half of the Desolation Butte 15-minute quadrangle. The eastern end of the area is in parts of the Granite and Trout Meadows 7&frac12;-minute quadrangles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1581B","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.G., 1986, Geochemical map of the North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Grant County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1581, 36.58 x 25.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1581B.","productDescription":"36.58 x 25.48 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1581b.PNG"},{"id":327606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1581-B/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Grant County","otherGeospatial":"North Fork John Day River Roadless Area, Umatilla National Forest, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,45 ], [ -118.41666666666667,45 ], [ -118.41666666666667,44.833333333333336 ], [ -118.66666666666667,44.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae1f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, James G. jevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":2396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"jevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":265863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44445,"text":"wri864059 - 1986 - Generalized potentiometric surface of the Catahoula aquifer in central Louisiana, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T09:41:43","indexId":"wri864059","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4059","title":"Generalized potentiometric surface of the Catahoula aquifer in central Louisiana, 1980","docAbstract":"Generalized contours of the altitude of water levels in wells completed in the Catahoula aquifer in central Louisiana, are illustrated by this map. Most water level measurements used in compiling the map were made in 1980; however, in parts of the State where water levels from 1980 were unavailable and where evidence indicated little change in water level, some measurements from as early as 1961 and as late as 1982 were used. Groundwater levels in and near the outcrop areas fluctuate 2 ft or less yearly and no significant long-term declines have occurred. The slow downward trend in water level altitude since early 1976 may be caused by pumpage from the Catahoula aquifer by a rural water system approximately 3 miles away. Recharge to the Catahoula aquifer occurs by rainfall on the upland outcrop-subcrop areas. Saltwater occurs throughout the Catahoula aquifer downgradient from the outcrop area. The ' approximate limit of freshwater ' line on the map indicates the downgradient limit of water with a concentration of chloride &lt; 250 mg/L; the line was determined using water quality data and analysis of resistivity curves from geophysical well logs. Water from the Catahoula aquifer is used for municipal, industrial, and domestic purposes. Total pumpage from the aquifer in Louisiana was slightly over 1.1 million gallons/day in 1980. Local cones of depression result from pumpage just east of Anacoco in Vernon Parish and northwest of Jonesville in Catahoula Parish. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864059","usgsCitation":"Martin, A., and Whiteman, C.D., 1986, Generalized potentiometric surface of the Catahoula aquifer in central Louisiana, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4059, 1 Plate: 35.86 x 22.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864059.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.86 x 22.96 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4059/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4059/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Angel Jr.","contributorId":42571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Angel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whiteman, Charles D. Jr.","contributorId":108081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12093,"text":"ofr86237 - 1986 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12093,"text":"ofr86237 - 1986 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","indexId":"ofr86237","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043733,"text":"70043733 - 1987 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","indexId":"70043733","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043733,"text":"70043733 - 1987 - Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","indexId":"70043733","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T15:58:11.205019","indexId":"ofr86237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-237","title":"Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells","docAbstract":"<p>This report was prepared in cooperation with several organizations in the Salt Lake Valley and with the Central Utah Water Conservancy District to present results of a study to determine changes in the ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1969 to 1983, and to predict the aquifer response to projected withdrawals. The average annual recharge and discharge from the ground-water reservoir in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, during 1969-82 were estimated to be about 352,000 and 353,000 acre-feet per year. Withdrawals from wells increased from 107,000 acre-feet per year during 1964-68 to 117,000 acre-feet per year during 1969-82. The greatest increase in use was for public supply and institutions which increased from 35,000 acre-feet per year during 1964-68 to 46,700 acre-feet per year during 1969-82.</p><p>From 1969 to 1983 water levels declined from 5 to 15 feet in the southeast part of the valley where pumpage from large public supply wells was greater during 1969-82 than during previous years. From February-March 1969 to February-March 1983 the quantity of ground water in storage in Salt Lake Valley increased by about 33,000 acre-feet.</p><p>A digital-computer model was calibrated to simulate, in three-dimensions, the ground-water flow in the principal and shallow-unconfined aquifers in Salt Lake Valley. Simulations were made to project the response to continuing withdrawals through 2020. Alternative pumping rates used were (1) the 1982 rate of pumpage and (2) increasing the 1982 rate of pumpage by 65,000 acre-feet. The simulation at the increased rate of pumpage indicated that drawdowns would reach 40-60 feet in the area east of Sandy. About 75 percent of the increased withdrawal was salvaged from water that otherwise would have been discharged to the Jordan River and its tributaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86237","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Seiler, R.L., Santini, M., and Solomon, D.K., 1986, Ground-water conditions in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-83, and predicted effects of increased withdrawals from wells: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-237, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86237.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496110,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"47\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Utah\",\"nation\":\"USA  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K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santini, M.","contributorId":64659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santini","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":59843,"text":"mf1826 - 1986 - Structure contour map of the top of the Castlegate Sandstone, eastern part of the Uinta Basin and the western part of the Piceance Creek basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-13T17:28:41","indexId":"mf1826","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1826","title":"Structure contour map of the top of the Castlegate Sandstone, eastern part of the Uinta Basin and the western part of the Piceance Creek basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1826","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., 1986, Structure contour map of the top of the Castlegate Sandstone, eastern part of the Uinta Basin and the western part of the Piceance Creek basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1826, 2 Plates: 56.05 x 40.95 inches and 41.72 x 32.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1826.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 56.05 x 40.95 inches and 41.72 x 32.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364280,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1826/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":364279,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1826/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":" https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1826/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,39 ], [ -111,40.75 ], [ -107.75,40.75 ], [ -107.75,39 ], [ -111,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69d155","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":262699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33356,"text":"b1713A - 1986 - Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T13:30:04.246716","indexId":"b1713A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"A","title":"Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area (CDCA266) comprises approximately 45,000 acres in the northern New York Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. At the request of the Bureau of Land Management, 39,303 acres of the wilderness study area were studied. The area was investigated during 1982-1985 using combined geologic, geochemical, and geophysical methods. are considered preliminarily suitable for wilderness deignation. There are no mineral reserves or identified resources in the study area. Fluorspar, occurring in sparse veins, has moderate resource potential, as do silver and lead in fault zones, and gold and silver in sparse, high-grade veins and fault breccia. Each area of moderate resource potential encompasses less than one square mile. These same commodities have low resource potential in similar occurrences throughout much of the study area. In addition, there is low resource potential for gold in placer deposits, uranium in altered breccia and gouge, and rare-earth elements in pegmatite dikes. There is no resource potential for oil and gas resources over most of the study area, but the potential is unknown along its western margin. In this report, the area studied is referred to\"the wilderness study area\", or simply \"the study area.\"</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Mineral resources of Wilderness Study Areas: Eastern California Desert Conservation Area","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1713A","usgsCitation":"Miller, D., Frisken, J.G., Jachens, R.C., and Gese, D.D., 1986, Mineral resources of the Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1713, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1713A.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340330,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1713a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino","otherGeospatial":"Castle Peaks Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.224609375,\n              35.475769157259265\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.32829284667967,\n              35.4550769336729\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.34751892089845,\n              35.45172093634465\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.37498474121092,\n              35.44053326772722\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.38459777832031,\n              35.43102252677332\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.38528442382812,\n              35.423189308372564\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.31867980957031,\n              35.340894535882846\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3131866455078,\n              35.335853353844065\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.30288696289062,\n              35.33697364369794\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.28572082519533,\n              35.33473304845998\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.26100158691406,\n              35.316245767635834\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25207519531249,\n              35.314004597852474\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.23902893066408,\n              35.317926604216396\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.22529602050781,\n              35.3072807158836\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.22804260253906,\n              35.29775425972381\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.23834228515626,\n              35.29383127531525\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.24658203125,\n              35.288226682029574\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.24864196777342,\n              35.278137436300966\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.21156311035156,\n              35.24842291350237\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.04127502441406,\n              35.331372039128475\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.224609375,\n              35.475769157259265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisken, James G.","contributorId":76740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisken","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gese, Diann D.","contributorId":68808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"Diann","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":16393,"text":"ofr86138 - 1986 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16393,"text":"ofr86138 - 1986 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"ofr86138","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70044053,"text":"70044053 - 1987 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"70044053","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70044053,"text":"70044053 - 1987 - Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","indexId":"70044053","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T00:52:45.562195","indexId":"ofr86138","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-138","title":"Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85","docAbstract":"<p>During 1979-84, 35 wells completed in the principal aquifer in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, that had been sampled during 1962-67 were resampled to determine if water quality changes had occurred. The dissolved solids concentration of the water from 13 of the wells has increased by more than 10% since 1962-67. </p><p>Much of the ground water between the mouth of Bingham Canyon and the Jordan River about 10 mi to the east has been contaminated by seepage from reservoirs and evaporation ponds associated with mining activities. Many domestic and irrigation wells yield water with concentrations of dissolved solids that exceed 2,000 mg/L. A reservoir in the mouth of Bingham Canyon contains acidic waters with a pH of 3 to 4 and concentrations of dissolved solids ranging from 43,000 to 68,000 mg/L. Seepage from evaporation ponds, which are about 4.5 mi east of the reservoir, also is acidic and contains similar concentrations of dissolved solids. East of the reservoir, where a steep hydraulic gradient exists along the mountain front, the velocities of contaminant movement were estimated to range from about 680-1,000 ft/yr. </p><p>Groundwater underlying part of the community of South Salt Lake near the Jordan River has been contaminated by leachate from uranium-mill tailings. The major effect of the leachate from the tailings of the Vitro Chemical Co. on the shallow unconfined aquifer downgradient from the tailings was the contribution of measurable quantities of dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, iron, and uranium. The concentration of dissolved solids in uncontaminated water was 1,650 mg/L, whereas downgradient from the tailings area, the concentrations ranged from 2,320-21,000 mg/L. The maximum volume of contaminated water was estimated to be 7,800 acre-ft. </p><p>The major effect of the leachate from the Vitro tailings on the confined aquifer was the contribution of measurable quantities of dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate, and iron. The concentration of dissolved solids upgradient from the tailings was 330 mg/L, and beneath and downgradient from the tailings the concentrations were 864 and 1,240 mg/L. The minimum volume of contaminated water in the confined aquifer was estimated to be about 12,000 acre-ft. </p><p><span>A calibrated, 3-dimensional, ground-water flow model was used to simulate </span><span>potential changes in the potentiometric surface due to hypothetical ground-</span><span>water withdrawals from a postulated well field in the vicinity of the Salt </span><span>Lake International Center. Using a pumping rate of 30 cubic feet per second, </span><span>it would require about 3,900 years for the saline ground water from beneath </span><span>the lake to travel the 7 miles to the postulated well field. </span>(Lantz-PTT)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86138","usgsCitation":"Waddell, K., Seiler, R.L., and Solomon, D.K., 1986, Chemical quality of ground water in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1969-85: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-138, Report: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 29.93 x 42.04 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86138.","productDescription":"Report: v, 45 p.; 3 Plates: 29.93 x 42.04 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383563,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/Plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383560,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4453125,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.413496049701955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4883e4b07f02db517e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddell, K.M.","contributorId":59009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seiler, R. L.","contributorId":87546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, D. K.","contributorId":98324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1409,"text":"wsp2278 - 1986 - Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19013,"text":"ofr84461 - 1984 - Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","indexId":"ofr84461","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1409,"text":"wsp2278 - 1986 - Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","indexId":"wsp2278","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:18","indexId":"wsp2278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2278","title":"Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"A nonlinear, least-squares regression technique for the estimation of ground-water flow model parameters was applied to the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho. The technique uses a computer program to simulate two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water flow. Hydrologic data for the 1980 water year were used to calculate recharge rates, boundary fluxes, and spring discharges. Ground-water use was estimated from irrigated land maps and crop consumptive-use figures. These estimates of ground-water withdrawal, recharge rates, and boundary flux, along with leakance, were used as known values in the model calibration of transmissivity. Leakance values were adjusted between regression solutions by comparing model-calculated to measured spring discharges. In other simulations, recharge and leakance also were calibrated as prior-information regression parameters, which limits the variation of these parameters using a normalized standard error of estimate. \r\n\r\nResults from a best-fit model indicate a wide areal range in transmissivity from about 0.05 to 44 feet squared per second and in leakance from about 2.2x10 -9 to 6.0 x 10 -8 feet per second per foot. Along with parameter values, model statistics also were calculated, including the coefficient of correlation between calculated and observed head (0.996), the standard error of the estimates for head (40 feet), and the parameter coefficients of variation (about 10-40 percent). Additional boundary flux was added in some areas during calibration to achieve proper fit to ground-water flow directions. Model fit improved significantly when areas that violated model assumptions were removed. It also improved slightly when y-direction (northwest-southeast) transmissivity values were larger than x-direction (northeast-southwest) transmissivity values. The model was most sensitive to changes in recharge, and in some areas, to changes in transmissivity, particularly near the spring discharge area from Milner Dam to King Hill.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2278","usgsCitation":"Garabedian, S.P., 1986, Application of a parameter-estimation technique to modeling the regional aquifer underlying the eastern Snake River plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2278, iv, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 4 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2278.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 4 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26500,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26501,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26502,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26503,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26504,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2278/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2967,"text":"wsp2276 - 1986 - Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11641,"text":"ofr83948 - 1984 - Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States","indexId":"ofr83948","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2967,"text":"wsp2276 - 1986 - Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States","indexId":"wsp2276","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-17T12:45:07","indexId":"wsp2276","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2276","title":"Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States","docAbstract":"Techniques are presented for estimating various streamflow characteristics, such as peak flows, mean monthly and annual flows, flow durations, and flow volumes, at ungaged sites on unregulated streams in the Eastern Coal region. Streamflow data and basin characteristics for 629 gaging stations were used to develop multiple-linear-regression equations. Separate equations were developed for the Eastern and Interior Coal Provinces. \r\n\r\nDrainage area is an independent variable common to all equations. Other variables needed, depending on the streamflow characteristic, are mean annual precipitation, mean basin elevation, main channel length, basin storage, main channel slope, and forest cover. \r\n\r\nA ratio of the observed 50- to 90-percent flow durations was used in the development of relations to estimate low-flow frequencies in the Eastern Coal Province. Relations to estimate low flows in the Interior Coal Province are not presented because the standard errors were greater than 0.7500 log units and were considered to be of poor reliability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wsp2276","usgsCitation":"Wetzel, K.L., and Bettandorff, J., 1986, Techniques for estimating streamflow characteristics in the Eastern and Interior coal provinces of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2276, iii, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2276.","productDescription":"iii, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 2 plates in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139271,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2276/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":247259,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2276/plate-1.pdf","size":"5722","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":247260,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2276/plate-2.pdf","size":"4661","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":29699,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2276/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wetzel, Kim L.","contributorId":104884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettandorff, J.M.","contributorId":67499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettandorff","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":3330,"text":"cir974 - 1986 - USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T12:09:20","indexId":"cir974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"974","title":"USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts","docAbstract":"<p>The extended abstracts in this volume are summaries of the papers presented orally and as posters in the second V. E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources, entitled \"USGS Research on Energy Resources-1986.\" The Forum has been established to improve communication between the USGS and the earth science community by presenting the results of current USGS research on nonrenewable resources in a timely fashion and by providing an opportunity for individuals from other organizations to meet informally with USGS scientists and managers. It is our hope that the McKelvey Forum will help to make USGS programs more responsive to the needs of the earth science community, particularly the mining and petroleum industries, and Win foster closer cooperation between organizations and individuals. </p><p>The Forum was named after former Director Vincent E. McKelvey in recognition of his lifelong contributions to research, development, and administration in mineral and energy resources, as a scientist, as Chief Geologist, and as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Forum will be an annual event, and its subject matter will alternate between mineral and energy resources. We expect that the format will change somewhat from year to year as various approaches are tried, but its primary purpose will remain the same: to encourage direct communication between USGS scientists and the representatives of other earth-science related organizations. </p><p>Energy programs of the USGS include oil and gas, coal, geothermal, uranium-thorium, and oil shale; work in these programs spans the national domain, including surveys of the offshore Exclusive Economic Zone. The topics selected for presentation at this McKelvey Forum represent an overview of the scientific breadth of USGS research on energy resources. They include aspects of petroleum occurrence in Eastern United States rift basins, the origin of magnetic anomalies over oil fields, accreted terranes and energy-resource implications, coal quality, geothermal energy sources, integrated geology and chemistry in uranium-deposit studies, and interpretations of sea-floor geology seen in reconnaissance-scale sidescan-sonar mosaics of the Gulf of Mexico and west coast Exclusive Economic Zone. Data are presented that are being used in building models of geothermal energy settings, basin histories, and the occurrence of energy resources. In addition to the technical sessions presenting the results of USGS research, each congressionally mandated USGS Mineral Resource Program has a display outlining plans and progress. </p><p>We are all excited about this continuing opportunity to disseminate and discuss our research with our colleagues in industry and academia, and we welcome your suggestions on improving this series of Forums. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir974","usgsCitation":"1986, USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 974, xii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir974.","productDescription":"xii, 84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0974/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0974/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f94f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carter, Lorna M.H.","contributorId":37260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lorna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730049,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4266,"text":"cir944 - 1986 - The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, mineral-occurrence, mineral-resource potential, and mineral-production maps of the Charlotte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir944","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"944","title":"The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, mineral-occurrence, mineral-resource potential, and mineral-production maps of the Charlotte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"This Circular and the folio of separately published maps described herein are part of a series of reports compiled under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program ICUSMAP). The folio on the Charlotte 1 degree ? 2 degree quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina, includes (1) a geologic map; (2) four geophysical maps; (3) geochemical maps for metamorphic heavy minerals, copper, lead and artifacts, zinc, gold, tin, beryllium, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, lithium, barium, antimony-arsenic-bismuth-cadmium, thorium-cerium-monazite, and limonite; (4) mineral-occurrence maps for kyanite-sillimanite-lithium-mica-feldspar-copper-lead-zinc, gold-quartz-barite-fluorite, iron-thorium-tin-niobium, and construction materials-gemstones; (5) mineral-resource potential maps for copper-lead-zinc-combined base metals, gold, tin-tungsten, beryllium-molybdenum-niobium, lithium-kyanite- sillimanitebarite, thorium (monazite)-uranium, and construction materials; and (6) mineral-production maps. \r\n\r\nThe Charlotte quadrangle is mainly within the Piedmont physiographic province and extends from near the Coastal Plain on the southeast into the Blue Ridge province on the northwest for a short distance. Parts of six lithotectonic belts are present--the Blue Ridge, the Inner Piedmont, the Kings Mountain belt, the Charlotte belt, the Carolina slate belt, and the Wadesboro basin. Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are present and range in age from Proterozoic to Mesozoic; alluvial sediments of Quaternary age occur along rivers and larger streams. \r\n\r\nRocks of the Blue Ridge include Middle Proterozoic granitoid gneiss intruded by Late Proterozoic granite; Late Proterozoic paragneiss, schist, and other metasedimentary and metavolcaniclastic rocks (Ashe and Grandfather Mountain Formations); Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian metasedimentary rocks (Chilhowee Group); and Early Cambrian sedimentary rocks (Shady Dolomite). Paleozoic granites intrude the Proterozoic rocks. The Inner Piedmont contains noncarbonate metasedimentary rocks and amphibolite of medium to high metamorphic grades. These rocks are intruded by the Toluca Granite and Henderson Gneiss of Cambrian and Ordovician(?) age. The Charlotte belt consists largely of Late Proterozoic to Late Paleozoic granitic and gabbroic plutonic rocks and intervening enclaves of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. \r\n\r\nThe narrow Kings Mountain belt is located between the Charlotte and the Inner Piedmont belts and contains mainly Late Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks and plutonic rocks similar to those of the Charlotte belt. The Carolina slate belt, flanking the Charlotte belt on the east, contains weakly metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. East of this belt, at the southeast corner of the quadrangle, is the Wadesboro basin, which has continental sedimentary rocks of Triassic age. Layered rocks westward from and in the Charlotte belt are complexly folded, are steeply dipping, and in the Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont are contained within major thrust slices. Rocks of the Carolina slate belt are gently folded. Rocks of the Wadesboro basin occur in downfaulted blocks. \r\n\r\nThe geophysical surveys of the Charlotte quadrangle consisted of Bouguer gravity, aeromagnetic, and aeroradioactivity surveys and used both newly obtained data and information from prior work. The gravity survey disclosed a distinct northeast-trending, northwest-decreasing gradient, which is part of the major gravity gradient that extends the length of the Appalachian Mountains. Granitic plutons of the Charlotte belt, in particular, are marked by gravity lows, and gabbro plutons, by highs. Several of the geologic belts display distinct magnetic character. The aeroradioactivity surveys showed a swath of consistently high gamma-ray intensities along the central part of the Inner Piedmont belt; these high intensities correspond to the so-called monazite belt. Oval patterns of high gamma-ray readi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir944","usgsCitation":"Gair, J.E., Goldsmith, R., Daniels, D.L., Griffitts, W.R., DeYoung, J.H., and Lee, M.P., 1986, The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, mineral-occurrence, mineral-resource potential, and mineral-production maps of the Charlotte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 944, iii, 18 p. :ill., map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir944.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. :ill., map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0944/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0944/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gair, Jacob Eugene","contributorId":14387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gair","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniels, D. L.","contributorId":69114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeYoung, J. H.","contributorId":75908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, M. P.","contributorId":40198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":4305,"text":"cir988 - 1986 - The Georges Bank monitoring program 1985: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments during the third year of monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T22:00:56.49744","indexId":"cir988","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"988","title":"The Georges Bank monitoring program 1985: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments during the third year of monitoring","docAbstract":"Of the 12 elements analyzed in bulk (undifferentiated) sediments collected adjacent to drilling rigs on Georges Bank, only barium was found to increase in concentration during the period when eight exploratory wells were drilled (July 1981 until September 1982). The maximum postdrilling concentration of barium (a major element in drilling mud) reached 172 ppm in bulk sediments near the drill site in block 410. This concentration is higher than the predrilling concentration at this location by a factor of 5.9. This maximum barium concentration is within the range of predrilling concentrations (28-300 ppm) measured in various sediment types from the regional stations of this program. No drilling-related changes in the concentrations of the 11 other metals have been observed in bulk sediments at any of the locations sampled in this program. \r\n\r\nWe estimate that about 25 percent of the barite discharged at block 312 was present in the sediments within 6 km of the rig, 4 weeks after drilling was completed at this location (drilling period was December 8, 1981-June 27, 1982). For almost a year following completion of this well, the inventory of barite decreased rapidly, with a half-life of 0.34 year. During the next year, the inventory decreased at a slower rate (half-life of 3.4 years). The faster rate probably reflects resuspension and sediment transport of bariterich material residing at the sediment surface. Elevated barium concentrations in post-drilling sediment-trap samples from block 312 indicate that such resuspension can occur up to at least 25 m above the sea floor. As the remaining barite particles are reworked deeper into the sediments by currents and bioturbation, removal by sediment-transport processes is slower. \r\n\r\nThe barite discharged during the exploratory phase of drilling is associated with the fine fraction of sediment and is widely distributed around the bank. We found evidence for barium transport to Great South Channel, 115 km west of the drilling, and to stations 2 and 3, 35 km east of the easternmost drilling site. Small increases in barium concentrations, present in the fine fraction of sediment only, were measured also at the heads of both Lydonia and Oceanographer Canyons, located 8 and 39 km, respectively, seaward of the nearest exploratory well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir988","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Rendigs, R., Campbell, E., Doughten, M., Parmenter, C., O’Dell, C.H., DiLisio, G., Johnson, R.G., Gillison, J., and Rait, N., 1986, The Georges Bank monitoring program 1985: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments during the third year of monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 988, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir988.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24086.htm"},{"id":124629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0988/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0988/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.083,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.5,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.5,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.083,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.083,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Esma","contributorId":92652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Esma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parmenter, C.M.","contributorId":43740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Dell, C. H.","contributorId":103664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DiLisio, G.P.","contributorId":23127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLisio","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, R. G.","contributorId":39350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gillison, J.R.","contributorId":97888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillison","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rait, Norma","contributorId":44128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":12076,"text":"ofr86338 - 1986 - Geological and geochemical data for seamounts and associated ferromanganese crusts in the Ratak Chain, Marshall Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T12:39:03","indexId":"ofr86338","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-338","title":"Geological and geochemical data for seamounts and associated ferromanganese crusts in the Ratak Chain, Marshall Islands","docAbstract":"<p>In 1984, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a reconnaissance cruise L9-84-CP aboard the R/V S.P. LEE along the northern Ratak Ridge, Marshall Islands (Fig. 1). Preliminary geochemical results from the cruise show that ferromanganese crusts (Mn crusts) on the submarine slopes of seamounts, and islands may have potential for commercial exploitation (Schwab and others, 1985). In this report we present shipboard data and laboratory analyses for rock samples collected on cruise L9-84-CP. This report should supplement the reports of Schwab and Bailey (1985) and Schwab and others (1985). </p><p>A total of 5410 km of 12-kHz and 3.5-kHz seismic-reflection data, and q O 730 km of 80-in<sup>3</sup> and 148-in<sup>3</sup> airgun seismic-reflection data were collected on cruise L9-84-CP (Schwab and Bailey, 1985). Eighteen sample stations were occupied; 13 dredge hauls and 3 box cores were collected (Table 1). These samples are available at the USGS Branch of Pacific Marine Geology offices in Menlo Park, California. Data presented in this report should encourage a more extensive field investigation and serious economic and technical evaluation of Mn crusts within the Marshall Islands area. </p><p>Ferromanganese-oxide precipitates that encrust hard substrate on the submarine flanks of seamounts, guyots, atolls, islands, and linear volcanic ridges, have been known for several decades (Cronan, 1977; Frazer and Fisk, 1980) but were not studied in a systematic way until the West German MIDPAC expedition of 1981 (Halbach and others, 1982). Unlike abyssal ferromanganese nodules, Mn crusts contain higher concentrations of the economically attractive metals, cobalt and platinum (Toth, 1980; Craig and others, 1982; Halbach and others, 1984; Hein and others, 1985). Mn crusts are predominantly hydrogenous in origin, in contrast to abyssal ferromanganese nodules which also have a substantial diagenetic input (Halbach and others, 1981). </p><p>In order for a Mn crust deposit to be economically attractive, it must be of high grade in recoverable metals, thick, and aerially extensive. During a 1984 workshop in Honolulu, East-West Center, engineers and geologists determined that Mn crusts must have an average thickness of 4 cm and a cobalt content greater than 0.8 percent of the dry weight (8000 ppm) to be considered for exploitation. The metals other than cobalt that are likely to be recovered from such a deposit include nickel, manganese, zinc, lead, phosphorous, and platinum. Preliminary chemical analyses of the Mn crusts collected during cruise L9-84-CP (Schwab and others, 1985) show that the average concentrations of metals within them are comparable with the mean metal contents of Mn crusts from the eastern Mid-Pacific Mountains and northern Line Islands Ridge, areas of high economic potential (Halbach and Manheim, 1984; Hein and others, 1985). Based on the extent of sea floor above 2400 m water depth and the age of the substrate, resource experts at the East- West Center in Honolulu placed the Marshall Islands as second in economic potential for Mn crusts as compared to the Mn crust resources within all other U.S. Pacific states, trust territories, and possessions (A.L. Clark, personal communication). Based on these and other geologic and oceanographic criteria, Hein and others (1986a) placed the Marshall Islands first with respect to U.S. interests. </p><p>For convenience, several previously unnamed seamounts have been named (see Hein and others, 1986b), including Erikub Seamount, Utirik Seamount, Bikar Guyot, and Ratak Guyot. We use these names informally in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86338","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Hein, J., Davis, A.S., Morgenson, L., Daniel, C., and Haggerty, J., 1986, Geological and geochemical data for seamounts and associated ferromanganese crusts in the Ratak Chain, Marshall Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-338, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86338.","productDescription":"36 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0338/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40106,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0338/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              166,\n              4\n            ],\n            [\n              166,\n              16\n            ],\n            [\n              173,\n              16\n            ],\n            [\n              173,\n              4\n            ],\n            [\n              166,\n              4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6876b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, A. S.","contributorId":41424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgenson, L.A.","contributorId":104065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgenson","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Daniel, C.L.","contributorId":87547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haggerty, J.A.","contributorId":43766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":12173,"text":"ofr86632 - 1986 - Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":12173,"text":"ofr86632 - 1986 - Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana","indexId":"ofr86632","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64549,"text":"i2050C - 1992 - Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana","indexId":"i2050C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":64549,"text":"i2050C - 1992 - Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana","indexId":"i2050C","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Maps showing locations of mines and prospects in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, western Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T22:13:05.92206","indexId":"ofr86632","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-632","title":"Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The Butte quadrangle, in the Northern Rocky Mountains of southwestern Montana, has had a long, productive, and colorful mining history. Butte, the city from which the quadrangle takes its name, is located in the most famous mining district of the quadrangle. This district, the Butte or Summit Valley district, has been described as the \"richest hill on earth\" and is one of the richest and most productive mining districts of the world. The quantity of metals produced from this district alone are far greater than the combined total of all commodities from all other mining districts of the quadrangle. However, many districts other than Butte have had significant production as compared to other mining districts of the Northern Rocky Mountains. The dollar value of production from the Butte district is more than $6 billion (Miller, 1973) and that of the combined total of production from the other districts in the quadrangle is more than $400 million. These values are based on actual metal prices at the time of production. The totals would be many times larger if converted to present day commodity prices.</p><p>Mineral occurrence data for a total of 1111 mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences have been compiled for the Butte quadrangle. These mineralized sites are found throughout the quadrangle but most are concentrated in the major mining districts; 78 percent are clustered in 46 established mining districts and the remaining 22 percent are more widely scattered in 24 geographic areas (fig. 1). Only small areas of the quadrangle lack significant mines, prospects, or mineral occurrences. The locations of mines and prospects are shown on maps (pl. 1 and 2) and a brief description of each site is given in a table arranged by mining district or geographic area (table 1) (all tables are at end of report). This table gives a brief description of each district or area and details of each site within the district or area including site number, name and alternate name(s), location by latitude and longitude, commodities present, description of the site, and sources of data. Data for this report come from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resource Data System (MRDS; this was formerly known as the Computerized Resource Information Bank (CRIB)), from many published and unpublished sources, and from geologic field work.</p><p>The Butte quadrangle is in southwestern Montana and is bounded by latitudes 46° and 47° N. and longitudes 112° and 114° W. The city of Butte is near the southern edge and in the southeastern corner of the quadrangle. Helena, the state capital of Montana, is located on the eastern edge and Missoula is located near the northwestern corner of the quadrangle. Most of the area of the quadrangle is in Granite, Powell, Lewis and Clark, and Jefferson Counties and the remaining area includes parts of Missoula, Ravalli, Deer Lodge, and Silver Bow Counties. The quadrangle includes a number of major and minor mountain ranges separated by intermontane valleys. The continental divide trends nearly north-south through the eastern part of the quadrangle to a point near Butte, then trends generally east-west near the southern boundary of the quadrangle, west of Butte. East of the divide the drainages are tributary to the Missouri River and west of the divide the drainages are tributary to the Clark Fork, which heads in the vicinity of Butte.</p><p>The geology of the Butte quadrangle is very complex. Sedimentary and igneous rocks range in age from Proterozoic to Tertiary. Most of the pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks are structurally complex due to widespread faulting and folding. Due to thrust faulting, complete sequences of these sedimentary units are not generally present in the quadrangle and the thicknesses and lithologies are variable from one thrust plate to another. The oldest rocks in the quadrangle are sedimentary rocks of the Belt Supergroup of Middle Proterozoic age. They form very thick sequences, are exposed over a large percentage of the area of the quadrangle, and include formations of the lower, middle, and upper parts of the Belt. Individual formations are as much as 13,000 ft thick (C. A. Wallace, unpub. data) and the maximum thickness of the Belt Supergroup in the quadrangle may be similar to that of the entire sequence near Alberton, Montana, to the northwest of the Butte quadrangle where it exceeds 67,000 ft (Harrison, 1972). In many areas of the quadrangle these Precambrian rocks are overlain by thin to moderately thick sequences of Cambrian to Permian sedimentary rocks. The maximum thickness of the Paleozoic section is about 8,000 ft (C. A. Wallace, unpub. data). A relatively thick sequence of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, predominantly Cretaceous in age, which is found mostly in the central part of the quadrangle, overlies the Paleozoic rocks. If complete, the Mesozoic sequence would total about 28,000 ft (C. A. Wallace, unpub. data).</p><p>The Butte quadrangle is located in a structurally complex region. Most of the Butte quadrangle is in the southern part of the Montana Disturbed Belt, a tectonic belt in the Northern Rocky Mountains characterized by northwest-trending faults and intense deformation. An element of the Disturbed Belt, called the Sapphire Thrust System occupies most of the western two-thirds of the quadrangle. Sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous and older ages in the Sapphire Thrust System have been complexly folded and faulted.</p><p>Plutonic rocks, which intrude the sedimentary units, and volcanic rocks of Cretaceous and Tertiary ages are widespread in the quadrangle. Most of these are post-thrusting but some may be pre- or syn-tectonic and involved in the thrusting and folding. Most of the mineral wealth in the quadrangle, in the form of hydrothermal ore deposits, is genetically related to Cretaceous granitic plutonism. Igneous activity decreased but continued into Tertiary time, at least until the Oligocene.</p><p>In the Butte quadrangle the Cenozoic Era was important for normal faulting, volcanism, sedimentation, glaciation, and the formation of many important mineral deposits. Many normal faults were especially active during the Miocene and Pliocene and some were active into the Quaternary. Volcanic rocks of Eocene and Oligocene age cover large areas and are genetically related to several important mining districts. During Cenozoic time, thick accumulations of Tertiary basin-fill sediments, Pleistocene glacial till and outwash, and Holocene alluvium and colluvium were deposited. The Cenozoic was important for the formation of placer deposits valuable mainly for gold but some have produced important quantities of sapphires and tungsten.</p><p>This map is part of a folio of maps of the Butte 1° x 2°quadrangle, Montana, prepared under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Other maps to be published as part of this folio are a geologic map, geochemical maps, geophysical maps, maps of linear features and limonitic alteration interpreted from satellite and airborne radar data, and mineral resource assessment maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86632","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J., Loen, J.S., Wise, K.K., and Blaskowski, M.J., 1986, Mines and prospects of the Butte 1° x 2°  Quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-632, Report: i, 153 p.; 2 Plates: 41.68 x 30.14 inches and 42.00 x 30.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86632.","productDescription":"Report: i, 153 p.; 2 Plates: 41.68 x 30.14 inches and 42.00 x 30.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412564,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412563,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":412562,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146169,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0632/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3b36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, James E.","contributorId":15595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loen, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":44966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wise, K. K.","contributorId":40227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blaskowski, Michael J.","contributorId":44967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blaskowski","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":165352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":12207,"text":"ofr86419 - 1986 - Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration (PEACE) program, Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Part 1: Drilling operations and descriptions of boreholes in vicinity of KOA and OAK craters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-24T18:40:45.468353","indexId":"ofr86419","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-419","title":"Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration (PEACE) program, Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Part 1: Drilling operations and descriptions of boreholes in vicinity of KOA and OAK craters","docAbstract":"<p>From mid-1984 through mid-1985, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) engaged in an investigation of two craters formed from high-yield, near-surface nuclear bursts in the Marshall Islands at Enewetak Atoll (figures 1 and 2). Supported by the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA), this cooperative venture is referred to by the acronym PEACE, derived from its official name, Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration Program.</p><p>The craters studied, KOA and OAK, resulted from 1.4- and 8.9-megaton, near-surface bursts detonated near the northern perimeter of the Enewetak lagoon on May 12 and June 28, 1958, respectively. At that time, Enewetak was administered by the United States Government under the auspices of the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) and formed a part of the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG). OAK and KOA are among the only high-yield nuclear craters available for studies of cratering processes and crater-related effects. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86419","usgsCitation":"Henry, T.W., Wardlaw, B.R., Skipp, B., Major, R.P., and Tracey, J.I., 1986, Pacific Enewetak Atoll Crater Exploration (PEACE) program, Enewetak Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. 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,{"id":12917,"text":"ofr86491 - 1986 - Geohydrology of and potential for fluid disposal in the Arbuckle Aquifer in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr86491","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-491","title":"Geohydrology of and potential for fluid disposal in the Arbuckle Aquifer in Kansas","docAbstract":"The Arbuckle aquifer is an extensive aquifer that contains mostly saline water and that immediately overlies Precambrian ' basement ' rocks throughout Kansas, except for major uplift areas where it has been removed by erosion. In the southeast part of the state, it is a major freshwater aquifer. The upper part of the Arbuckle contains significant oil and gas reservoirs in central and south-central Kansas. During the last 40 years the Arbuckle also has become the major zone of fluid disposal in the state. Most of the fluids disposed into the Arbuckle were produced from oil and gas wells in other formations. However, in recent years, state water agencies have become increasingly concerned about injection of fluids into the subsurface and the effects of injection on the hydrologic systems involved. An investigation of the geohydrology of the Arbuckle aquifer and of the hydrologic aspects of fluid disposal into the Arbuckle was conducted to evaluate these effects. Hydraulic characteristics obtained from drill stem tests, injection tests, and numerical modeling have indicated a range of permeability in the Arbuckle from 1 millidarcy to 30 darcys. Analysis of injection tests indicated that average permeability in the basin areas probably is in the 50-300 millidarcy range. Analyses of 76 geophysical logs indicate an average porosity of about 12%. An evaluation of the geohydrology of the Arbuckle shows that it is a large regional flow system that is in hydraulic connection with several other major aquifers. Groundwater flow within the Arbuckle is principally from the west-northwest to the east-southeast. Brine disposal in the Arbuckle has been increasing over the years. Rates of injection average about 60 gal/min. Model analysis, using aquifer properties similar to those expected in the basin areas and under selected conditions of well injection into the Arbuckle, indicates that, even with an injection rate of only 100 gal/min, pressure increases equivalent to fluid-level rises of up to 100 ft are expected as far as 500 ft away from the injection well. The model analysis indicates that the effects of transmission of fluid through the confining layer on overlying units are minor. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr86491","usgsCitation":"Carr, J.E., McGovern, H., Gogel, T., and Doveton, J., 1986, Geohydrology of and potential for fluid disposal in the Arbuckle Aquifer in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-491, viii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86491.","productDescription":"viii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0491/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0491/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, J. E.","contributorId":49373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGovern, H.E.","contributorId":85600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGovern","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gogel, Tony","contributorId":37745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gogel","given":"Tony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doveton, J.H.","contributorId":30237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doveton","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":13849,"text":"ofr85559 - 1986 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13849,"text":"ofr85559 - 1986 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"ofr85559","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38450,"text":"pp1408E - 1988 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408E","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38450,"text":"pp1408E - 1988 - Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","indexId":"pp1408E","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T15:01:43","indexId":"ofr85559","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-559","title":"Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr85559","usgsCitation":"Goodell, S.A., 1986, Water use on the Snake River plain, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-559, vii, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85559.","productDescription":"vii, 94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0559/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":369150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0559/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River plain","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodell, S. A.","contributorId":38168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodell","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}