To determine if lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) are a potential reservoir for the Pasteurella multocida bacterium that causes avian cholera, serum samples and/or pharyngeal swabs were collected from > 3,400 adult geese breeding on Wrangel Island (Russia) and Banks Island (Canada) during 1993-1996. Pharyngeal swab sampling rarely (> 0.1%) detected birds that were exposed to P. multocida in these populations. Geese with serum antibody levels indicating recent infection with P. multocida were found at both breeding colonies. Prevalence of seropositive birds was 3.5% at Wrangel Island, an area that has no recorded history of avian cholera epizootics. Prevalence of seropositive birds was 2.8% at Banks Island in 1994, but increased to 8.2% during 1995 and 1996 when an estimated 40,000-60,000 snow geese were infected. Approximately 50% of the infected birds died during the epizootic and a portion of the surviving birds may have become carriers of the disease. This pattern of prevalence indicated that enzootic levels of infection with P. multocida occurred at both breeding colonies. When no avian cholera epizootics occurred (Wrangel Island, Banks Island in 1994), female snow geese (4.7%) had higher antibody prevalence than males (2.0%).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.440","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., Shadduck, D., Goldberg, D., Baranyuk, V., Sileo, L., and Price, J., 1999, Antibodies against Pasteurella multocida in snow geese in the western arctic: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 35, no. 3, p. 440-449, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.440.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.440","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n 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D.J.","contributorId":74708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shadduck","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baranyuk, V.","contributorId":85557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sileo, L.","contributorId":46895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Price, J.I.","contributorId":50852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"J.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1001766,"text":"1001766 - 1999 - Le Conte's sparrows breeding in Conservation Reserve Program fields: precipitation and patterns of population change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:32:27","indexId":"1001766","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Le Conte's sparrows breeding in Conservation Reserve Program fields: precipitation and patterns of population change","docAbstract":"The climate of the North American Great Plains is highly dynamic, with great year-to-year variability in precipitation and periodic, often extreme, wet and dry cycles (Bragg 1995). Drought is a major force of ecological disturbance on the Great Plains and has played a key role in directing the evolution of the grassland biota of this region (Knopf and Samson 1997). Although grassland birds may differ in their responses to enviromenental variations (Rotenberry and Wiens 1991), climatic variability and concomitant unpredictability of resources strongly influence populations of grassland birds across space and time (Wiens 1974, 1986; Cody 1985). Not surprisingly, breeding bird populations on the Great Plains are highly dynamic, exhibiting considerable annual variation in composition, abundance, and distribution (Johnson and Grier 1988, George et al. 1992, Zimmerman 1992, Igl and Johnson 1997). Recently, interest in grassland birds has increased with the recognition that many species are declining both continentally (Droege and Sauer 1994) and globally (Goriup 1988). Identification of the specific factors associated with grassland bird declines in North America, however, remains largely enigmatic (Herkert 1997), and it is complicated by the considerable annual fluctuations in grassland bird distribution and abundance (Igl and Johnson 1997). Although there is evidence that land-use changes on the breeding grounds may have contributed to grassland bird declines (e.g., Igl and Johnson 1997), there also is an indication that long-term drought conditions may have influenced recent population changes of some breeding birds on the Great Plains (Droege and Sauer 1989, Peterjohn and Sauer 1993, Bethke and Nudds 1995, Igl and Johnson 1997). Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii) is a secretive grassland bird that breeds in central and southern Canada and the northcentral United States (Murray 1969). It winters primarily in the southern United States (Peterson 1980, 1990). Like populations of many grassland breeding birds in North America (Fretwell 1986, Igl and Johnson 1997), Le Conte's Sparrow populations exhibit numerical highs and lows depending on local moisture conditions (Peabody 1901, Stewart 1975, Knapton 1979, Zimmer 1979, Madden 1996). This observation, however, is based largely on anecdotal evidence or short-term observations. Long-term studies of Le Conte's Sparrow populations are limited. Le Conte's Sparrow is poorly represented on the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) because of small sample sizes, poor coverage in the northern portion of its breeding range, and the species' furtive behavior (Sauer et al. 1995). Moreover, dramatic fluctuations in Le Conte's Sparrow abundance tend to obscure the species' long-term population trends on the BBS (Sauer et al. 1995). In this paper we examine long-term population changes of Le Conte's Sparrows breeding in perennial grassland fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on the northern Great Plains. We discuss patterns of population change of Le Conte's Sparrows associated with changes in precipitation and moisture conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Johnson, D.H., 1999, Le Conte's sparrows breeding in Conservation Reserve Program fields: precipitation and patterns of population change: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 19, p. 178-186.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328595,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/84"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015958,"text":"1015958 - 1999 - Requiem for a sagebrush ecosystem?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T11:48:03","indexId":"1015958","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Requiem for a sagebrush ecosystem?","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
The number of northern pintails (Anas acuta) in North America continues to be low despite sub- stantially improved wetland habitat conditions as recorded by the May Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (May Survey, United States Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS] 1998; Figure 1). In 1993-97, following extended drought during the 1980s and early 1990s, favorable precipitation pat- terns returned to the critical waterfowl nesting areas of the northern Great Plains of the United States (U.S.) and Canada (USFWS 1997), the area known as the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR, Bellrose 1980). Historically, when the number of wetlands (May ponds) counted on the May Survey increased in the PPR, pintail breeding populations (BPOP) also increased (e.g., Smith 1970). However, even though May ponds attained record high levels 1996 and 1997, the expected increase in pintail populations did not occur (Figure 1). Even after a 30% increase in the BPOP between 1996 and 1997, pintails remained 19% below the long-term average and 36% below the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) goal of 5.6 million (USFWS et al. 1994); additionally, peaks and lows in pintail BPOP have been successively lower since 1955-56 (Figure 1). In contrast, all other PPR-nest- ing dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) rebounded in the 1990s to levels that exceeded objectives set by NAWMP (USFWS 1997). The minimal recovery of pintails is perplexing, given the very large popula- tions attained during previous periods of abundant May ponds (Figure 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Duncan, D.C., 1999, The northern pintail in North America: status and conservation needs of a struggling population: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 27, no. 3, p. 788-800.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"800","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncan, David C.","contributorId":175272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008040,"text":"1008040 - 1999 - Temporal and spatial variability in thalweg profiles of a gravel-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:47:39","indexId":"1008040","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variability in thalweg profiles of a gravel-bed river","docAbstract":"This study used successive longitudinal thalweg profiles in gravel-bed rivers to monitor changes in bed topography following floods and associated large sediment inputs. Variations in channel bed elevations, distributions of residual water depths, percentage of channel length occupied by riffles, and a spatial autocorrelation coefficient (Moran's I) were used to quantify changes in morphological diversity and spatial structure in Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California. Bed topography in Redwood Creek and its major tributaries consists primarily of a series of pools and riffles. The size, frequency and spatial distribution of the pools and riffles have changed significantly during the past 20 years. Following large floods and high sediment input in Redwood Creek and its tributaries in 1975, variation in channel bed elevations was low and the percentage of the channel length occupied by riffles was high. Over the next 20 years, variation in bed elevations increased while the length of channel occupied by riffles decreased. An index [(standard deviation of residual water depth/bankfull depth) × 100] was developed to compare variations in bed elevation over a range of stream sizes, with a higher index being indicative of greater morphological diversity. Spatial autocorrelation in the bed elevation data was apparent at both fine and coarse scales in many of the thalweg profiles and the observed spatial pattern of bed elevations was found to be related to the dominant channel material and the time since disturbance. River reaches in which forced pools dominated, and in which large woody debris and bed particles could not be easily mobilized, exhibited a random distribution of bed elevations. In contrast, in reaches where alternate bars dominated, and both wood and gravel were readily transported, regularly spaced bed topography developed at a spacing that increased with time since disturbance. This pattern of regularly spaced bed features was reversed following a 12-year flood when bed elevations became more randomly arranged.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199911)24:12<1153::AID-ESP41>3.0.CO;2-8","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., 1999, Temporal and spatial variability in thalweg profiles of a gravel-bed river: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 24, no. 12, p. 1153-1169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199911)24:12<1153::AID-ESP41>3.0.CO;2-8.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1153","endPage":"1169","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68563e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008041,"text":"1008041 - 1999 - Reply to Garshelis and Johnson","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:22:29","indexId":"1008041","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to Garshelis and Johnson","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Science","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., 1999, Reply to Garshelis and Johnson: Science, v. 283.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"177","numberOfPages":"177","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"283","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b06e4b07f02db69a216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015979,"text":"1015979 - 1999 - DDE, PCBs, cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in rhinoceros auklets from Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1015979","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2901,"text":"Northwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE, PCBs, cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in rhinoceros auklets from Washington","docAbstract":"In July 1981, 5 adult rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) were captured on the ground near nesting areas on each of Protection and Destruction Islands, Washington. The birds were euthanized, and their livers and kidneys removed and analyzed. Levels (I?g / g wet weight) of DDE (0.11 to 0.95), polychlorinated biphenyls (no residue detected [ND] to 1.1), mercury (0.60 to 1.8), and lead (ND to 0.85) in livers and cadmium (9.1 to 21.9) in kidneys were similar in each colony. All concentrations were less than known effect levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Fitzner, R.E., Leschner, L., and Wilson, U., 1999, DDE, PCBs, cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in rhinoceros auklets from Washington: Northwestern Naturalist, v. 80, no. 1, p. 14-16.","productDescription":"p. 14-16","startPage":"14","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzner, R. E.","contributorId":107242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leschner, L.L.","contributorId":33280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leschner","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, U.W.","contributorId":40149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"U.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021517,"text":"70021517 - 1999 - Amphibian habitat preferences among artificial ponds in the Palouse region of northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:35:27.825876","indexId":"70021517","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amphibian habitat preferences among artificial ponds in the Palouse region of northern Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1565727","issn":"00221511","usgsCitation":"Monello, R., and Wright, R., 1999, Amphibian habitat preferences among artificial ponds in the Palouse region of northern Idaho: Journal of Herpetology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 298-303, https://doi.org/10.2307/1565727.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9c4e4b0c8380cd4843d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monello, R.J.","contributorId":6612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monello","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015987,"text":"1015987 - 1999 - Variation in age at metamorphosis across a latitudinal gradient for the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:46:10","indexId":"1015987","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Variation in age at metamorphosis across a latitudinal gradient for the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei","title":"Variation in age at metamorphosis across a latitudinal gradient for the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei","docAbstract":"Tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) occur in permanent, cold streams in northwestern North America. Their tadpoles reportedly undergo metamorphosis after 2-4 years. Coastal populations that we examined transformed in 2 yr from the Olympic peninsula in Washington to northern Oregon, but in 1 yr from central Oregon to northern California. One inland site in northern California had a 2-yr period. Age at metamorphosis was consistent over different years. We suggest that total length and developmental stage accurately define cohorts for larval Ascaphus. Hind-leg length indicates whether metamorphs are a separate age class from tadpoles. Age at metamorphosis (1-4 yr) appears to reflect broad differences in climatic conditions. However, at a regional scale, variation is low and suggests a lack of sensitivity to local environmental conditions. This may be due to seasonal constraints on the time when metamorphosis occurs (late summer).
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","usgsCitation":"Bury, R.B., and Adams, M.J., 1999, Variation in age at metamorphosis across a latitudinal gradient for the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei: Herpetologica, v. 55, no. 2, p. 283-291.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3893089"}],"volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602bc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021249,"text":"70021249 - 1999 - Effects of egg and hatchling harvest on American alligators in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T11:14:52.999567","indexId":"70021249","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of egg and hatchling harvest on American alligators in Florida","docAbstract":"Harvest of crocodilian eggs and young for captive rearing (ranching) has been used worldwide as an option for producing crocodilian skins and meat from wild stock. The long-term effects of harvesting a certain proportion of early age class, wild American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) without repatriation is unknown. We removed an estimated 50% of annual production of alligators on Lakes Griffin and Jesup in central Florida over an 11-year period and monitored population levels via night-light counts. Densities of the total alligator population increased (P < 0.037) on all areas. Count densities of adult (≥183 cm total length [TL]) alligators increased (P < 0.003) on harvest areas but remained stable (P = 0.830) on the control (no harvest) area, Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge (Lake Woodruff NWR). Observed densities of juvenile (<122 cm TL) alligators remained stable (P > 0.117), and subadult (122-182 cm TL) alligators increased (P < 0.011) on harvest areas. The density of juveniles on the control area increased (P = 0.006), and the density of subadults showed some evidence of increasing (P = 0.088). No changes were detected in size distributions on the treatment areas. Nest production, as observed from aerial helicopter surveys, increased (P < 0.039) on Lake Woodruff NWR and Lake Jesup and showed some evidence of an increase on Lake Griffin (P = 0.098) during 1983-91. A 50% harvest rate of eggs or hatchlings did not adversely affect recruitment into the subadult or adult size classes.
1. Photosynthetic pathway diversity was evaluated for the dominant species in a seasonally aquatic community in the south-western USA using 14C pulse-chase techniques.
2. Under submerged conditions, only about half of the species were clearly C3, three of the 15 dominants were CAM, one species was C4 and three were potentially assimilating carbon with both C3 and C4 fixation.
3. During the brief terrestrial stage in the life history of these amphibious plants, both the CAM and the C3 + C4 species switched to C3, whereas the C4 species did not switch.
4. Numerous variations were apparent; for example, the C4 species, while exhibiting a biochemical pathway indistinguishable from terrestrial C4 plants, lacked Kranz anatomy in the aquatic foliage. Also, despite well-developed CAM in several species, others exhibited low-level diel changes in acidity, apparently not indicative of CAM.
5. Species with C4 or CAM CO2 concentrating mechanisms lacked the capacity for bicarbonate uptake, an alternative CO2 concentrating mechanism found in certain C3 species in this community.
6. Rubisco/PEPC in aquatic foliage was higher in C3 species than in C4, CAM or putative C3 + C4species. In the terrestrial phase, as expected, the switch from CAM or C3 + C4 to strictly C3assimilation was associated with a substantial increase in Rubisco/PEPC. Quite unexpected, however, was the substantial increase in this ratio in terrestrial C3 foliage. It is hypothesized that submerged C3 plants utilize PEPC for recycling of respiratory CO2 and/or C4 phototrophism under field conditions of limited CO2 and O2 saturation, and this is lost in the terrestrial foliage.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00294.x","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1999, Photosynthetic pathway diversity in a seasonal pool community: Functional Ecology, v. 13, p. 106-118, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00294.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00294.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":130468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021442,"text":"70021442 - 1999 - Estimation of long-term discharge statistics by regional adjustment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T11:17:28.698495","indexId":"70021442","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of long-term discharge statistics by regional adjustment","docAbstract":"A regional adjustment relationship was developed to estimate long-term (30-year) monthly median discharges from short term (three-year) records. This method differs from traditional approaches in that it is based on site-specific discharge data but does not require correlation of these data with discharges from a single hydrologically similar long-term gage. The method is shown to be statistically robust, and applicable to statistics other than the median.A regional adjustment relationship was developed to estimate long-term (30-year) monthly discharges from short term (three-year) records. This method differs from traditional approaches in that it is based on site-specific discharge data but does not require correlation of these data with discharges from a single hydrologically similar long-term gage. The method is shown to be statistically robust, and applicable to statistics other than the median.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04184.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Bakke, P., Thomas, R., and Parrett, C., 1999, Estimation of long-term discharge statistics by regional adjustment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 4, p. 911-921, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04184.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b97e4b0c8380cd527b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakke, P.D.","contributorId":82083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakke","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, R.","contributorId":79205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrett, C.","contributorId":43400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008058,"text":"1008058 - 1999 - Productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting bald eagles from the Aleutian Archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T16:05:59.947114","indexId":"1008058","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting bald eagles from the Aleutian Archipelago","docAbstract":"We studied productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting bald eagles from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA, during the summers of 1993 and 1994. Productivity on Adak, Tanaga, and Amchitka Islands ranged from 0.88 to 1.24 young produced per occupied site and was comparable to that of healthy populations in the lower 48 United States. However, productivity on Kiska Island was depressed, averaging 0.67 young per occupied site. The lower reproductive success on Kiska was associated with elevated levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and other organochlorine pesticides. Many of the organochlorine pesticides were elevated in bald eagle eggs from the four islands, but concentrations of these contaminants and Hg were significantly higher in eggs from Kiska Island than in eggs from the other islands. In contrast, polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations were higher in eggs from Adak, Amchitka, and Kiska (where military facilities have been installed) than in those from Tanaga (which has had little military activity). The most likely source of these contaminants in bald eagles was from their diets, which were variable spatially and temporally. Fish made up most (56%) of the eagles' diet on Adak and Tanaga Islands, followed by birds (25%) and mammals (19%). In contrast, birds comprised the majority (60%) of bald eagle diets on Amchitka and Kiska Islands, followed by mammals (30%) and fish (10%). The high proportion of seabirds in the diet of eagles from Kiska Island could be the major source of organochlorine and Hg contamination. Elevated concentrations of organochlorines in bald eagle eggs from the Aleutian Archipelago was surprising, because of the distance to agricultural areas. The results indicate that these contaminants can be transported long distances and affect wildlife populations in remote and pristine areas. We also discuss potential sources and transport mechanisms of these contaminants to the Aleutian Islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620180925","usgsCitation":"Anthony, R., Miles, A., Estes, J.A., and Isaacs, F., 1999, Productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting bald eagles from the Aleutian Archipelago: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 9, p. 2054-2062, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180925.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2054","endPage":"2062","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":130785,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e321","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anthony, R.G.","contributorId":107641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isaacs, F.B.","contributorId":39733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isaacs","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021284,"text":"70021284 - 1999 - Seasonal change in precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water and streamwater chemistry, northern Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T23:24:14.206984","indexId":"70021284","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal change in precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water and streamwater chemistry, northern Michigan","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2215::AID-HYP882>3.0.CO;2-V","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 1999, Seasonal change in precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, soil water and streamwater chemistry, northern Michigan: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 14-15, p. 2215-2231, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2215::AID-HYP882>3.0.CO;2-V.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2215","endPage":"2231","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b887fe4b08c986b3169d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021738,"text":"70021738 - 1999 - DBP formation of aquatic humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:09:37","indexId":"70021738","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DBP formation of aquatic humic substances","docAbstract":"Terrestrial vegetation commonly shed into reservoirs contains chemical precursors of DBPs.
Aquatic humic substances (AHSs) in water generate potentially harmful disinfection by‐products (DBPs) such as haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination. AHSs from two Arkansas reservoirs were characterized to define source, identify meta‐dihydroxybenzene (m‐DHB) structures as probable DBP precursors, and evaluate predicted HAA and THM formation potentials. Elemental nitrogen content < 1 percent, phenol content > 0.5 μeq/mg, δ13C values of –27%o, and low yields of syringyl phenols found by cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation suggest a pine tree source for the AHSs found in the Maumelle and Winona reservoirs in Little Rock, Ark. CuO oxidation yielded fewer m‐DHB structures in Maumelle AHSs than in Winona AHSs. A higher 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5‐DHBA) content correlated with increased HAA and THM formation potential. The 3,5‐DHBA concentration in Winona AHSs was similar to the range found in AHSs extracted from deciduous leaf litter, twigs, and grass leachates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08604.x","issn":"0003150X","usgsCitation":"Pomes, M., Green, W.R., Thurman, E., Orem, W., and Lerch, H., 1999, DBP formation of aquatic humic substances: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 91, no. 2-3, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08604.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd31e4b0c8380cd4e6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1007861,"text":"1007861 - 1999 - Effects of Protective Fencing on Birds, Lizards, and Black-Tailed Hares in the Western Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:35:19.786472","indexId":"1007861","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of Protective Fencing on Birds, Lizards, and Black-Tailed Hares in the Western Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"), perennial plant cover, and structural diversity of perennial plants were evaluated from spring 1994 through winter 1995 at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area (DTNA), in the Mojave Desert, California. Abundance and species richness of birds were higher inside than outside the DTNA, and effects were larger during breeding than wintering seasons and during a high than a low rainfall year. Ash-throated flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens), cactus wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), LeConte's thrashers (Toxostoma lecontei), loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), sage sparrows (Amphispiza belli), and verdins (Auriparus flaviceps) were more abundant inside than outside the DTNA. Nesting activity was also more frequent inside. Total abundance and species richness of lizards and individual abundances of western whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorous tigris) and desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister) were higher inside than outside. In contrast, abundance of black-tailed hares was lower inside. Structural diversity of the perennial plant community did not differ due to protection, but cover was 50% higher in protected areas. Black-tailed hares generally prefer areas of low perennial plant cover, which may explain why they were more abundant outside than inside the DTNA. Habitat structure may not affect bird and lizard communities as much as availability of food at this desert site, and the greater abundance and species richness of vertebrates inside than outside the DTNA may correlate with abundances of seeds and invertebrate prey.
Seismograms of earthquakes from the South Pacific recorded at a German broadband array and network show precursors to PKPdf. These precursors mainly originate from off-path scattering of PKPab or a nearby PKPbc to P (for receiver-side scattering) or from scattering of P to PKPab or PKPbc on the PKPdf path (for source-side scattering). Standard array processing techniques based on plane wave approximations (such as vespagram or frequency-wavenumber analysis) are inadequate for investigating these precursors since scattered waves cannot be approximated as plane waves for arrays and networks larger than 300 × 300 km for short-period waves. We therefore develop a migration method to estimate the location of scatterers in the mantle, at the core-mantle boundary and at the top of the outer core. With our method we are able to find isolated scatterers at the source side and the receiver side, although the depth of the scatterer is not well constrained. However, from looking at the first possible arrival time of precursors at different depth and the region where scattering can take place (scattering volume), we believe that the location of the scatterers is in the lowermost mantle. Since we have detected scatterers in regions where ultralow-velocity zones have been discovered recently, we think that the precursor energy possibly originates from scattering at partial melt at the base of the mantle. Comparing results from broadband and band-pass-filtered data the detection of small-scale structure of the ultralow-velocity zones becomes possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900128","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C., Weber, M., Wicks, C., and Scherbaum, F., 1999, Small scatterers in the lower mantle observed at German broadband arrays: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B7, p. 15073-15088, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900128.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15073","endPage":"15088","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489145,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900128","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b918fe4b08c986b319987","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, C.","contributorId":7443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, M.","contributorId":93231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, C.W.","contributorId":6615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scherbaum, F.","contributorId":20107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherbaum","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008103,"text":"1008103 - 1999 - Reference intervals and physiologic alterations in hematologic and biochemical values of free-ranging desert tortoises in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:21:33","indexId":"1008103","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reference intervals and physiologic alterations in hematologic and biochemical values of free-ranging desert tortoises in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations have experienced precipitous declines resulting from the cumulative impact of habitat loss, and human and disease-related mortality. Evaluation of hematologic and biochemical responses of desert tortoises to physiologic and environmental factors can facilitate the assessment of stress and disease in tortoises and contribute to management decisions and population recovery. The goal of this study was to obtain and analyze clinical laboratory data from free-ranging desert tortoises at three sites in the Mojave Desert (California, USA) between October 1990 and October 1995, to establish reference intervals, and to develop guidelines for the interpretation of laboratory data under a variety of environmental and physiologic conditions. Body weight, carapace length, and venous blood samples for a complete blood count and clinical chemistry profile were obtained from 98 clinically healthy adult desert tortoises of both sexes at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural area (western Mojave), Goffs (eastern Mojave) and Ivanpah Valley (northeastern Mojave). Samples were obtained four times per year, in winter (February/March), spring (May/June), summer (July/August), and fall (October). Years of near-, above- and below-average rainfall were represented in the 5 yr period. Minimum, maximum and median values, and central 95 percentiles were used as reference intervals and measures of central tendency for tortoises at each site and/or season. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance for significant (P < 0.01) variation on the basis of sex, site, season, and interactions between these variables. Significant sex differences were observed for packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, aspartate transaminase activity, and cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations. Marked seasonal variation was observed in most parameters in conjunction with reproductive cycle, hibernation, or seasonal rainfall. Year-to-year differences and long-term alterations primarily reflected winter rainfall amounts. Site differences were minimal, and largely reflected geographic differences in precipitation patterns, such that results from these studies can be applied to other tortoise populations in environments with known rainfall and forage availability patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-35.2.212","usgsCitation":"Christopher, M.M., Berry, K.H., Wallis, I., Nagy, K., Henen, B., and Peterson, C., 1999, Reference intervals and physiologic alterations in hematologic and biochemical values of free-ranging desert tortoises in the Mojave Desert: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 35, no. 2, p. 212-238, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-35.2.212.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-35.2.212","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6351ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopher, Mary M.","contributorId":44473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallis, I.R.","contributorId":80612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nagy, K.A.","contributorId":39727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henen, B.T.","contributorId":67457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henen","given":"B.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peterson, C.C.","contributorId":24725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1014808,"text":"1014808 - 1999 - The effect of migration distance and timing on metabolic enzyme activity in an anadromous clupeid, the American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:26:04.742517","indexId":"1014808","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of migration distance and timing on metabolic enzyme activity in an anadromous clupeid, the American shad (Alosa sapidissima)","docAbstract":"The American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is a common anadromous fish species with ecological and economic importance on the east coast of North America. This iteroparous species undergoes an energetically costly upriver spawning migration in spring. To evaluate metabolic changes associated with this migration, we assessed the maximum activity of five metabolic enzymes (citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOAD), alanine aminotransferase (GPT)) in liver, red muscle and white muscle during upstream migration in two successive years in the Connecticut River. For aerobic capacity (CS), glycolytic capacity (LDH) and utilization of stored lipid and protein energy (HOAD and GPT), there is a general pattern of increasing activity with a subsequent decline at the most upriver sites. Red muscle CS activity increased by as much as 40% during the migration while white muscle CS activity was 120% higher in the river than in the ocean. In contrast, muscle anaerobic capacity, indicated by PFK, was low as fish entered the river and then increased 5-fold at the most upriver sites. White muscle HOAD increased ∼30% while red muscle HOAD and muscle GPT increased as much as 60%. There were interannual and sex-associated differences in enzyme activity during upstream migration and through time at a single location. In some cases interannual differences can be larger than those seen during upriver migration as in the case of red muscle CS where sampling years differed by 125%. These interannual differences may be a result of differing river conditions that affect migratory effort. We have demonstrated that American shad use tissue and sex-specific regulation of enzyme activity during migration and we suggest that American shad metabolically acclimate to upstream migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1023/A:1007751701668","usgsCitation":"Leonard, J.B., and McCormick, S., 1999, The effect of migration distance and timing on metabolic enzyme activity in an anadromous clupeid, the American shad (Alosa sapidissima): Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 163-179, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007751701668.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6677b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leonard, J. B. K.","contributorId":40159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leonard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014756,"text":"1014756 - 1999 - Responsiveness of gill Na+/K+-ATPase to cortisol is related to gill corticosteroid receptor concentrations in juvenile rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T14:25:37.332494","indexId":"1014756","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2275,"text":"Journal of Experimental Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responsiveness of gill Na+/K+-ATPase to cortisol is related to gill corticosteroid receptor concentrations in juvenile rainbow trout","docAbstract":"A positive relationship between receptor concentration and tissue responsiveness is an often-assumed and rarely tested principle in endocrinology. In salmonids, seasonal changes in levels of plasma cortisol and gill corticosteroid receptors (CRs) during the spring indicate a potential role for this hormone in the parr–smolt transformation. It is not known whether these seasonal changes result in alterations in gill responsiveness to cortisol. The relationship between CR concentration and tissue responsiveness was, therefore, examined in the gills of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Gill CR concentration (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were assessed using a radioligand binding assay with the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide. Gill responsiveness to cortisol was quantified by measuring in vitro Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Gill CR concentration was manipulated by stress or hormonal treatments. Repeated handling stresses resulted in a significant reduction in CR numbers. The decrease in CR Bmax corresponded to a reduction in gill responsiveness to cortisol. Triiodothyronine, but not growth hormone, treatment was found to increase CR Bmax significantly. The increase in CR numbers was correlated with a marked increase in gill responsiveness to cortisol. A significant positive linear relationship exists between the in vitro gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity response to cortisol and CR Bmax (r2=0.614, P<0.001). We have demonstrated that binding sites for cortisol in the gills of rainbow trout have high affinity, high specificity and saturable binding and that the number of binding sites is correlated with the tissue response to cortisol.
","language":"English","publisher":"Company of Biologists","doi":"10.1242/jeb.202.8.987","usgsCitation":"Shrimpton, J., and McCormick, S., 1999, Responsiveness of gill Na+/K+-ATPase to cortisol is related to gill corticosteroid receptor concentrations in juvenile rainbow trout: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 202, no. 8, p. 987-995, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.8.987.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"987","endPage":"995","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"202","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6273fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shrimpton, J. M.","contributorId":10362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shrimpton","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007862,"text":"1007862 - 1999 - Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean climate ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:51:53.734853","indexId":"1007862","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean climate ecosystems","docAbstract":"1 Both fire regimes and the conditions under which fires occur vary widely. Abiotic conditions (such as climate) in combination with fire season, frequency and intensity could influence vegetation responses to fire. A variety of adaptations facilitate post-fire recruitment in mediterranean climate ecosystems, but responses of other communities are less well known. We evaluated the importance of climate by comparing sites with mediterranean and subtropical climates.
2 We used paired burned and mature sites in chamise chaparral, mixed chaparral and coastal sage scrub (California), and rosemary scrub, sand pine scrub and sandhill (Florida), to test whether (i) patterns of pre-fire and post-fire seedling recruitment are more similar between communities within a region than between regions, and (ii) post-fire stimulation of seedling establishment is greater in regions with marked fire-induced contrasts in abiotic site characteristics.
3 Post-fire seedling densities were more similar among sites within climatic regions than between regions. Both seedling densities and proportions of species represented by seedlings after fires were generally higher in California.
4 The only site characteristic showing a pre-fire–post-fire contrast was percentage open canopy, and the effect was greater in California than in Florida. Soil properties were unaffected by fire.
5 Mediterranean climate ecosystems in other regions have nutrient-poor soils similar to our subtropical Florida sites, but show post-fire seedling recruitment patterns more similar to the nutrient-rich sites in California. Climate therefore appears to play a more major role than soil characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00419.x","usgsCitation":"Carrington, M., and Keeley, J., 1999, Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean climate ecosystems: Journal of Ecology, v. 87, p. 1025-1036, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00419.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1036","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae16b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrington, M.E.","contributorId":28930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrington","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014777,"text":"1014777 - 1999 - Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons II: The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum, Lesueur, 1818)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T12:27:16.195588","indexId":"1014777","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sperm-cell ultrastructure of North American sturgeons II: The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum, Lesueur, 1818)","docAbstract":"Some theories and experimental studies suggest that areas of low plant species richness may be invaded more easily than areas of high plant species richness. We gathered nested-scale vegetation data on plant species richness, foliar cover, and frequency from 200 1-m2 subplots (20 1000-m2 modified-Whittaker plots) in the Colorado Rockies (USA), and 160 1-m2 subplots (16 1000-m2 plots) in the Central Grasslands in Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Minnesota (USA) to test the generality of this paradigm.
At the 1-m2 scale, the paradigm was supported in four prairie types in the Central Grasslands, where exotic species richness declined with increasing plant species richness and cover. At the 1-m2 scale, five forest and meadow vegetation types in the Colorado Rockies contradicted the paradigm; exotic species richness increased with native-plant species richness and foliar cover. At the 1000-m2 plot scale (among vegetation types), 83% of the variance in exotic species richness in the Central Grasslands was explained by the total percentage of nitrogen in the soil and the cover of native plant species. In the Colorado Rockies, 69% of the variance in exotic species richness in 1000-m2 plots was explained by the number of native plant species and the total percentage of soil carbon.
At landscape and biome scales, exotic species primarily invaded areas of high species richness in the four Central Grasslands sites and in the five Colorado Rockies vegetation types. For the nine vegetation types in both biomes, exotic species cover was positively correlated with mean foliar cover, mean soil percentage N, and the total number of exotic species. These patterns of invasibility depend on spatial scale, biome and vegetation type, spatial autocorrelation effects, availability of resources, and species-specific responses to grazing and other disturbances. We conclude that: (1) sites high in herbaceous foliar cover and soil fertility, and hot spots of plant diversity (and biodiversity), are invasible in many landscapes; and (2) this pattern may be more closely related to the degree resources are available in native plant communities, independent of species richness. Exotic plant invasions in rare habitats and distinctive plant communities pose a significant challenge to land managers and conservation biologists.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0025:EPSIHS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Binkley, D., Chong, G., Kalkhan, M.A., Schell, L.D., Bull, K., Otsuki, Y., Newman, G., Bashkin, M.A., and Son, Y., 1999, Exotic plant species invade hot spots of native plant diversity: Ecological Monographs, v. 69, p. 25-46, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0025:EPSIHS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binkley, Dan","contributorId":102419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkley","given":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chong, G.W.","contributorId":54153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chong","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kalkhan, M. A.","contributorId":82655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalkhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schell, L. D.","contributorId":75881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schell","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bull, K.A.","contributorId":60166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bull","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Otsuki, Yuka","contributorId":23107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otsuki","given":"Yuka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newman, G.","contributorId":107657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bashkin, Michael A.","contributorId":93439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bashkin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Son, Y.","contributorId":47737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Son","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}