Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks are potential hydrocarbon reservoir facies for four plays in the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. These rocks include several units in the pre-Carboniferous basement and the Carboniferous Lisburne Group. Data from exploratory wells west of the 1002 area, outcrops south of the 1002 area, seismic lines, and well logs are synthesized herein to infer carbonate lithofacies, extent, and reservoir character beneath the northeastern Arctic coastal plain.
A chiefly shallow-water basement carbonate succession of Late Proterozoic through Early Devonian age (Katakturuk Dolomite, Nanook Limestone, and Mount Copleston Limestone) is interpreted to be present beneath much of the south-central 1002 area; it reaches 3,700 m thick in outcrop and is the primary reservoir for the Deformed Franklinian Play. A more heterogeneous lithologic assemblage of uncertain age forms basement in the northwestern part of the 1002 area; well data define three subunits that contain carbonate intervals 5- 50 m thick. These strata are prospective reservoirs for the Undeformed Franklinian Play and could also be reservoirs for the Niguanak- Aurora Play. Regional lithologic correlations suggest a Cambrian-Late Proterozoic(?) age for subunits one and two, and a slightly younger, later Cambrian-Silurian age for subunit three. Seismic and well data indicate that subunit one overlies subunit two and is overlain by subunit three. The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, a predominantly carbonate platform succession as much as 1 km thick, is projected beneath the southernmost part of the 1002 area and is a potential reservoir for the Ellesmerian Thrust-belt and Niguanak-Aurora Plays.
Carbonate rocks in the 1002 area probably retain little primary porosity but may have locally well developed secondary porosity. Measured reservoir parameters in basement carbonate strata are low (porosity generally ≤ 5%; permeability ≤ 0.2 md) but drill-stem tests found locally reasonable flow rates (4,220-4,800 bpd) and, in the Flaxman Island area, recovered gas and condensate from these rocks. The Lisburne Group has produced up to 50,000 bbl of oil/ day from the Lisburne field at Prudhoe Bay. Reservoir parameters of the Lisburne in northeastern Alaska range from low (porosities ≤ 5% in most limestones) to good (porosities average 6.5-10% in some dolostones). Reservoir quality in Carboniferous and older carbonate strata in the 1002 area should be greatest where these rocks are highly fractured and (or) truncated by the Lower Cretaceous Unconformity.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area, Alaska (Open File Report 98-34)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70180393","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 1999, Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-34, CC-33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180393.","productDescription":"CC-33 p.","startPage":"CC-1","endPage":"CC-33","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/"},{"id":334266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/CC.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"ANWR, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ],\n [\n -142.71514892578125,\n 69.69524461137115\n ],\n [\n -142.91015625,\n 69.60259197307883\n ],\n [\n -143.02276611328125,\n 69.57768853364969\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.5776885336496\n ],\n [\n -143.909912109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.64944636884633\n ],\n [\n -144.613037109375,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.69333832362335\n ],\n [\n -146.2554931640625,\n 69.72001075967263\n ],\n [\n -146.4422607421875,\n 69.8225761110076\n ],\n [\n -146.4312744140625,\n 69.85854556489717\n ],\n [\n -146.1236572265625,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -146.0247802734375,\n 70.04309814378463\n ],\n [\n -145.865478515625,\n 70.16460963678996\n ],\n [\n -145.04150390625,\n 70.01683312770945\n ],\n [\n -144.580078125,\n 70.02434079930296\n ],\n [\n -143.6737060546875,\n 70.15715255172064\n ],\n [\n -142.9705810546875,\n 70.13849806648298\n ],\n [\n -142.5421142578125,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -142.1246337890625,\n 69.8736722051942\n ],\n [\n -142.00927734375,\n 69.84246157021256\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Originally published in a 2-CD-ROM set; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021923,"text":"70021923 - 1999 - Deliberate introductions of species: Research needs: Benefits can be reaped, but risks are high","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T13:36:43.990088","indexId":"70021923","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deliberate introductions of species: Research needs: Benefits can be reaped, but risks are high","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1313438","issn":"00063568","usgsCitation":"Ewel, J., O’Dowd, D.J., Bergelson, J., Daehler, C., D’Antonio, C.M., Gomez, L., Gordon, D., Hobbs, R., Holt, A., Hopper, K., Hughes, C., LaHart, M., Leakey, R., Lee, W., Loope, L., Lorence, D., Louda, S.M., Lugo, A., McEvoy, P., Richardson, D., and Vitousek, P., 1999, Deliberate introductions of species: Research needs: Benefits can be reaped, but risks are high: BioScience, v. 49, no. 8, p. 619-630, https://doi.org/10.2307/1313438.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1313438","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe5fe4b0c8380cd4ecde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewel, J.J.","contributorId":12814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewel","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Dowd, D. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Schrock, R., Haner, P., Hans, K., Beeman, J., VanderKooi, S.P., Hotchkiss, J., Petrusso, P., Smith, S., and Maule, A., 1999, Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Annual report 1993-1994.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79de4b0ba3b075e05eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrock, R. M.","contributorId":27218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"R. 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The results demonstrate that, in addition to ethene, ethane, and CO2, CH4 can be a significant product of chloroethene biodegradation in some methanogenic sediments.Radiometric detection headspace analyses of microcosms containing bed sediments from two geographically distinct sites indicated that 10-39% of the radiolabeled carbon transformed during anaerobic biodegradation of [1,2-14C]trichloroethene (TCE) or [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride (VC) under methanogenic conditions was ultimately incorporated into 14CH4. The results demonstrate that, in addition to ethene, ethane, and CO2, CH4 can be a significant product of chloroethene biodegradation in some methanogenic sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es981027+","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999, Methane as a product of chloroethene biodegradation under methanogenic conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 4, p. 653-656, https://doi.org/10.1021/es981027+.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"656","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229150,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5522e4b0c8380cd6d134","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99235","usgsCitation":"Diodato, D.M., 1999, Fracture trace mapping of the Eldridge-Wilde well field, Pinellas County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-235, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99235.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414646,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23478.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0235/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52294,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Pinellas County","otherGeospatial":"Eldridge-Wilde well field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.678,\n 28.175\n ],\n [\n -82.678,\n 28.135\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.135\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.175\n ],\n [\n -82.678,\n 28.175\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diodato, D. M.","contributorId":12512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diodato","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021939,"text":"70021939 - 1999 - Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel‐bed rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:28:15","indexId":"70021939","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel‐bed rivers","docAbstract":"Field studies of forest gravel‐bed rivers in northwestern Washington and southeastern Alaska demonstrate that bed‐surface grain size is responsive to hydraulic roughness caused by bank irregularities, bars, and wood debris. We evaluate textural response by comparing reach‐average median grain size (D50) to that predicted from the total bank‐full boundary shear stress (т0bf), representing a hypothetical reference condition of low hydraulic roughness. For a given т0bf, channels with progressively greater hydraulic roughness have systematically finer bed surfaces, presumably due to reduced bed shear stress, resulting in lower channel competence and diminished bed load transport capacity, both of which promote textural fining. In channels with significant hydraulic roughness, observed values D50 can be up to 90% smaller than those predicted from т0bf. We find that wood debris plays an important role at our study sites, not only providing hydraulic roughness but also influencing pool spacing, frequency of textural patches, and the amplitude and wavelength of bank and bar topography and their consequent roughness. Our observations also have biological implications. We find that textural fining due to hydraulic roughness can create usable salmonid spawning gravels in channels that otherwise would be too coarse.
Velocity fluctuations in a steep, coarse‐bedded river were measured in flow depths ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 m, with mean velocities at middepth from 1.1 to 3.1 m s−1. Analyses of synchronous velocity records for two and three points in the vertical showed a broad range of high coherence for wave periods from 10 to 100 s, centering around 10–30 s. Streamwise correlations over distances of 9 and 14 m showed convection velocities near mean velocity for the same wave periods. The range of coherent wave periods was a small multiple of predicted “boil” periods. Correlative fluctuations in synchronous velocity records in the vertical direction suggested the blending of short pulses into longer wave periods. The highest spectral densities were measured beyond the range of coherent wave periods and were probably induced by migration of low‐relief bed forms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900038","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R.L., 1999, Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 569-582, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900038.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"582","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc52e4b0c8380cd4e214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022037,"text":"70022037 - 1999 - Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T07:59:52","indexId":"70022037","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake","docAbstract":"Runoff of road salt from an interstate highway in New Hampshire has led to contamination of a lake and a stream that flows into the lake, in spite of the construction of a diversion berm to divert road salt runoff out of the lake drainage basin. Chloride concentration in the stream has increased by over an order of magnitude during the 23 yr since the highway was opened, and chloride concentration in the lake has tripled. Road salt moves to the lake primarily via the contaminated stream, which provides 53% of all the chloride to the lake and only 3% of the total streamflow to the lake. The stream receives discharge of salty water froth leakage through the diversion berm. Uncontaminated ground water dilutes the stream downstream of the berm. However, reversals of gradient during summer months, likely caused by transpiration from deciduous trees, result in flow of contaminated stream water into the adjacent ground water along the lowest 40-m reach of the stream. This contaminated ground water then discharges into the lake along a 70-m-wide segment of lake shore. Road salt is pervasive in the bedrock between the highway and the lake, but was not detected at all of the wells in the glacial overburden. Of the 500 m of shoreline that could receive discharge of saly ground water directly from the highway, only a 50-m-long segment appears to be contaminated.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1005041632056","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Bukaveckas, P., Buso, D., Likens, G., Shapiro, A., and Winter, T.C., 1999, Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 109, no. 1-4, p. 179-206, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005041632056.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"206","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005041632056"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f21e4b0c8380cd70db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukaveckas, P.A.","contributorId":87322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukaveckas","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022033,"text":"70022033 - 1999 - Greigite (Fe3S4) as an indicator of drought - The 1912-1994 sediment magnetic record from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70022033","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Greigite (Fe3S4) as an indicator of drought - The 1912-1994 sediment magnetic record from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas, USA","docAbstract":"Combined magnetic and geochemical studies were conducted on sediments from White Rock Lake, a reservoir in suburban Dallas (USA), to investigate how land use has affected sediment and water quality since the reservoir was filled in 1912. The chronology of a 167-cm-long core is constrained by the recognition of the pre-reservoir surface and by 137Cs results. In the reservoir sediments, magnetic susceptibility (MS) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) are largely carried by detrital titanomagnetite that originally formed in igneous rocks. Titanomagnetite and associated hematite are the dominant iron oxides in a sample from the surficial deposit in the watershed but are absent in the underlying Austin Chalk. Therefore, these minerals were transported by wind into the watershed. After about 1960, systematic decreases in Ti, Fe, and Al suggest diminished input of detrital Fe-Ti oxides from the surficial deposits. MS and IRM remain constant over this interval, however, implying compensation by an increase in strongly magnetic material derived from human activity. Anthropogenic magnetite in rust and ferrite spherules (from fly ash?) are more common in sediment deposited after about 1970 than before and may account for the constant magnetization despite the implied decrease in detrital Fe-Ti oxides. An unexpected finding is the presence of authigenic greigite (Fe3S4), the abundance of which is at least partly controlled by climate. Greigite is common in sediments that predate about 1975, with zones of concentration indicated by relatively high IRM/MS. High greigite contents in sediment deposited during the early to mid-1950s and during the mid-1930s correspond to several-year periods of below-average precipitation and drought from historical records. Relatively long water-residence times in the reservoir during these periods may have led to elevated levels of sulfate available for bacterial sulfate reduction. The sulfate was probably derived via the oxidation of pyrite that is common in the underlying Austin Chalk. These results provide a basis for the paleoenvironmental interpretation of greigite occurrence in older lake sediments. The results also indicate that greigite formed rapidly and imply that it can be preserved in the amounts produced over a short time span (in this lake, only a few years). This finding thus suggests that, in some lacustrine settings, greigite is capable of recording paleomagnetic secular variation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008027815203","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Rosenbaum, J.G., Van Metre, P., Tuttle, M., Callender, E., and Goldin, A., 1999, Greigite (Fe3S4) as an indicator of drought - The 1912-1994 sediment magnetic record from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 193-206, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008027815203.","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206587,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008027815203"},{"id":230320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6de4b0c8380cd5b186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbaum, J. G.","contributorId":96685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Van Metre, P.","contributorId":31142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tuttle, M.","contributorId":26397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldin, A.","contributorId":24950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldin","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022032,"text":"70022032 - 1999 - Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:33:15","indexId":"70022032","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3609,"text":"Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem","docAbstract":"Periphyton samples from the Big Cypress National Preserve were analyzed for concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and methylmercury. Concentrations of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in periphyton samples also were determined. The samples were extracted with sodium acetate solution at a pH of 5.5 to determine exchangeable and carbonate phase metal concentrations in periphyton. Total metal concentrations in the periphyton were directly related to the degree of calcite saturation in the water column. Exchangeable and carbonate phase metal concentrations were directly related to the percent inorganic carbon in the samples. A connection between the geochemistry of trace metals and calcite precipitation and dissolution is suggested.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02772249909358754","issn":"02772248","usgsCitation":"Cox, T., Simon, N., and Newland, L., 1999, Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, v. 70, no. 3-4, p. 259-274, https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249909358754.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc01e4b0c8380cd4e093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, T.","contributorId":42249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newland, L.","contributorId":96444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022031,"text":"70022031 - 1999 - Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T17:34:08.03951","indexId":"70022031","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1773,"text":"Geographie Physique et Quaternaire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The mode of deglaciation in the northwestern White Mountains of New Hampshire has been controversial since the mid 1800's. Early workers believed that active ice deposited the Bethlehem Moraine complex in the Ammonoosuc River basin during recession of the last ice sheet. In the 1930's this deglaciation model was replaced by the concept of widespread simultaneous stagnation and downwastage of Late Wisconsinan ice. The present authors reexamined the Bethlehem Moraine complex and support the original interpretation of a series of moraines deposited by active ice. We found other moraine clusters of similar age to the northeast in the Johns River and Israel River basins. Ice-marginal deposits that probably correlate with the Bethlehem Moraine also occur west of Littleton. The Bethlehem Moraine complex and equivalent deposits in adjacent areas were formed by readvance and oscillatory retreat of the Connecticut Valley lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This event is called the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance. Throughout the study area, sequences of glaciolacustrine deposits and meltwater drainage channels indicate progressive northward recession of the glacier margin. Radiocarbon dates from nearby New England and Québec suggest that the ice sheet withdrew from this part of the White Mountains between about 12 500 and 12 000 14 C yr BP. We attribute the Littleton- Bethlehem Readvance to a brief climatic cooling during Older Dyas time, close to 12,000 BP.
","language":"English","publisher":"Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal","doi":"10.7202/004882ar","usgsCitation":"Thompson, W.B., Fowler, B.K., and Dorion, C.C., 1999, Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire: Geographie Physique et Quaternaire, v. 53, no. 1, p. 59-77, https://doi.org/10.7202/004882ar.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479509,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7202/004882ar","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"White Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.03243018820368,\n 44.504681864058426\n ],\n [\n -72.05787655312217,\n 44.504681864058426\n ],\n [\n -72.05787655312217,\n 44.13794517845437\n ],\n [\n -71.03243018820368,\n 44.13794517845437\n ],\n [\n -71.03243018820368,\n 44.504681864058426\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe53e4b0c8380cd4ec8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Woodrow B.","contributorId":67482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Woodrow","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fowler, Brian K.","contributorId":83975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorion, C. C.","contributorId":93236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022030,"text":"70022030 - 1999 - The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022030","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA","docAbstract":"The Bear Brook Watershed Manipulation project in Maine is a paired calibrated watershed study funded by the U.S. EPA. The research program is evaluating whole ecosystem response to elevated inputs of acidifying chemicals. The consists of a 2.5 year calibration period (1987-1989), nine years of chemical additions of (NH4)2SO4 (15N- and 34S-enriched for several years) to West Bear watershed (1989-1998), followed by a recovery period. The other watershed, East Bear, serves as a reference. Dosing is in six equal treatments/yr of 1800 eq SO4 and NH4/ha/yr, a 200% increase over 1988 loading (wet plus dry) for SO4 300% for N (wet NO3 + NH4). The experimental and reference watersheds are forested with mixed hard- and softwoods, and have thin acidic soils, areas of 10.2 and 10.7 ha and relief of 210 m. Thin till of variable composition is underlain by metasedimentary pelitic rocks and calc-silicate gneiss intruded by granite dikes and sills. For the period 1987-1995, precipitation averaged 1.4 m/yr, had a mean pH of 4.5, with SO4, NO3, and NH4 concentrations of 26, 14, and 7 ??eq/L, respectively. The nearly perrenial streams draining each watershed have discharges ranging from 0 (East Bear stops flowing for one to two months per year) to 150 L/sec. Prior to manipulation, East Bear and West Bear had a volume weighted annual mean pH of approximately 5.4, alkalinity = 0 to 4 ??eq/L, total base cations = 184 ??eq/L (sea-salt corrected = 118 ??eq/L), and SO4 = 100 to 111 ??eq/L. Nitrate ranged from 0 to 30 ??eq/L with an annual mean of 6 to 25 ??eq/L; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranged from 1 to 7 mg/L but was typically less than 3. Episodic acidification occurred at high discharge and was caused by dilution of cations, slightly increased DOC, significantly higher NO3, and the sea-salt effect. Depressions in pH were accompanied by increases in inorganic Al. The West Bear catchment responded to the chemical additions with increased export of base cations, Al, SO4, NO3, and decreased pH, ANC, and DOC. Silica remained relatively constant. Neutralization of the acidifying chemicals occurred dominantly by cation desorption and mobilization of Al.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1006115011381","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Norton, S., Kahl, J., Fernandez, I., Haines, T., Rustad, L., Nodvin, S., Scofield, J., Strickland, T., Erickson, H., Wigington, P., and Lee, J., 1999, The Bear Brook Watershed, Maine (BBWM), USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 55, no. 1, p. 7-51, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006115011381.","startPage":"7","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206831,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006115011381"},{"id":230886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba698e4b08c986b3211fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, S.","contributorId":45671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kahl, J.","contributorId":32486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fernandez, I.","contributorId":33881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, T.","contributorId":12401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rustad, L.","contributorId":98687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rustad","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nodvin, S.","contributorId":67686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nodvin","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scofield, J.","contributorId":17187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scofield","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Strickland, T.","contributorId":68918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Erickson, H.","contributorId":41177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wigington, P. Jr.","contributorId":18928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigington","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lee, J.","contributorId":58596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70022029,"text":"70022029 - 1999 - Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-05T09:38:30","indexId":"70022029","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States","docAbstract":"In 1978 biologists in Gainesville, Florida, began compiling records on the distribution and status of nonindigenous fishes known in U.S. inland waters. The database, now in electronic format, currently contains approximately 17,000 records representing more than 500 nonindigenous fish taxa (i.e., species, hybrids, and unidentified forms). Of these taxa, 317 (61%) are native to the United States but have been introduced by humans into U.S. drainages outside their natural geographic ranges; 185 (35%) are fishes introduced from foreign countries; and 22 (4%) are hybrids. Of the introduced foreign fish taxa, 71 (38%) are species that have established (i.e., reproducing) or possibly established populations in open U.S. waters. The database is a useful tool for natural resource managers and other decision makers. Although we periodically revise records and constantly enter new ones, our database is fairly updated; thus, we are able to more thoroughly analyze patterns of introduction and the spread of nonindigenous fishes within the United States. Moreover, information gaps exposed by the data set should serve to stimulate and guide future research on nonindigenous fishes. This paper introduces our database and provides an overview of temporal and spatial patterns of nonindigenous fish distributions in U.S. inland waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2","issn":"03632415","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., and Fuller, P., 1999, Spatial and temporal patterns of nonindigenous fish introductions in the United States: Fisheries, v. 24, no. 1, p. 16-27, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1999)024<0016:SATPON>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9441e4b08c986b31a977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, L.G. 0000-0002-4488-7737","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":83052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"L.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, P.L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":68245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022013,"text":"70022013 - 1999 - Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T12:58:10.219537","indexId":"70022013","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona","docAbstract":"Unusual geologic and geochemical relations are preserved along the contact between intracaldera tuff and a resurgent intrusion within the 26.9 Ma Turkey Creek caldera of southeast Arizona. Thick intracaldera tuff is weakly argillically altered throughout, except in zones within several hundred meters of its contact with the resurgent intrusion, where the groundmass of the tuff has been variably converted to granophyre and unaltered sanidine phenocrysts are present. Dikes of similarly granophyric material originate at the tuff-resurgent intrusion contact and intrude overlying intracaldera megabreccia and tuff. Field relations indicate that the resurgent intrusion is a laccolith and that it caused local partial melting of adjacent intracaldera tuff. Geochemical and petrographic relations indicate that small volumes of partially melted intracaldera tuff assimilated and mixed with dacite of the resurgent intrusion along their contact, resulting in rocks that have petrographic and compositional characteristics transitional between those of tuff and dacite. Some of this variably contaminated, second-generation magma coalesced, was mobilized, and was intruded into overlying intracaldera rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0143:RAAATP>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Bray, D., and Pallister, J., 1999, Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 1, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0143:RAAATP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Turkey Creek caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.9244036605549,\n 32.5000106686156\n ],\n [\n -109.9244036605549,\n 31.437545697056535\n ],\n [\n -109.13338803555492,\n 31.437545697056535\n ],\n [\n -109.13338803555492,\n 32.5000106686156\n ],\n [\n -109.9244036605549,\n 32.5000106686156\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a359e4b0e8fec6cdb837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bray, du","contributorId":28749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"du","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022012,"text":"70022012 - 1999 - Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T16:52:31.261214","indexId":"70022012","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"A method for determining submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples has been developed. Caffeine is extracted from a 1 L water sample with a 0.5 g graphitized carbon-based solid-phase cartridge, eluted with methylene chloride-methanol (80 + 20, v/v), and analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The single-operator method detection limit for organic-free water samples was 0.02 μg/L. Mean recoveries and relative standard deviations were 93 ± 13% for organic- free water samples fortified at 0.04 μg/L and 84 ± 4% for laboratory reagent spikes fortified at 0.5 μg/L. Environmental concentrations of caffeine ranged from 0.003 to 1.44 μg/L in surface water samples and from 0.01 to 0.08 μg/L in groundwater samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161","usgsCitation":"Burkhardt, M., Soliven, P., Werner, S., and Vaught, D., 1999, Determination of submicrogram-per-liter concentrations of caffeine in surface water and groundwater samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography: Journal of AOAC International, v. 82, no. 1, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489168,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.1.161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffcbe4b0c8380cd4f3d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soliven, P.P.","contributorId":72967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soliven","given":"P.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Werner, S.L.","contributorId":82734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaught, D.G.","contributorId":18798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaught","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022011,"text":"70022011 - 1999 - A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-13T09:53:40","indexId":"70022011","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode","docAbstract":"One of the most severe outbreaks of yellow fever, a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, affected the southern United States in the summer of 1878. The economic and human toll was enormous, and the city of Memphis, Tennessee, was one of the most affected. The authors suggest that as a consequence of one of the strongest El Niño episodes on record—that which occurred in 1877-78—exceptional climate anomalies occurred in the United States (as well as in many other parts of the world), which may have been partly responsible for the widespread nature and severity of the 1878 yellow fever outbreak.
\nThis study documents some of the extreme climate anomalies that were recorded in 1877 and 1878 in parts of the eastern United States, with particular emphasis on highlighting the evolution of these anomalies, as they might have contributed to the epidemic. Other years with major outbreaks of yellow fever in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries also occurred during the course of El Niño episodes, a fact that appears not to have been noted before in the literature.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ameican Metrological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00030007","usgsCitation":"Diaz, H.F., and McCabe, G., 1999, A Possible connection between the 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the southern United States and the 1877-78 El Niño episode: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 80, no. 1, p. 21-27, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:APCBTY>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479460,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0021:apcbty>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555475abe4b0a92fa7e94f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diaz, Henry F.","contributorId":68476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diaz","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022010,"text":"70022010 - 1999 - An autogamous rainforest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T13:10:33","indexId":"70022010","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2904,"text":"Novon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An autogamous rainforest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"A new autogamous species of Schiedea is described and illustrated. It is known only from cliff habitat in rainforest on a single ridge in the Natural Area Reserve, Hanawi, East Maui. With the addition of this species there are 28 species in this endemic Hawaiian genus. The new species appears to be most closely related to Schiedea nuttallii, a species of mesic habitats on O'ahu, Moloka'i, and Maui.
","language":"English","publisher":"Missouri Botanical Garden Press","publisherLocation":"St. Louis, MO","doi":"10.2307/3391816","issn":"10553177","usgsCitation":"Wagner, W., Weller, S., Sakai, A., and Medeiros, A., 1999, An autogamous rainforest species of Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae) from East Maui, Hawaiian Islands: Novon, v. 9, no. 2, p. 284-287, https://doi.org/10.2307/3391816.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"284","endPage":"287","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/3045","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"East Maui","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea1ee4b0c8380cd4864b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, W.L.","contributorId":18127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weller, S.G.","contributorId":37914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sakai, A.K.","contributorId":98059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sakai","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medeiros, A.C.","contributorId":19703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medeiros","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022009,"text":"70022009 - 1999 - Foreshock occurrence rates before large earthquakes worldwide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70022009","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreshock occurrence rates before large earthquakes worldwide","docAbstract":"Global rates of foreshock occurrence involving shallow M ??? 6 and M ??? 7 mainshocks and M ??? 5 foreshocks were measured, using earthquakes listed in the Harvard CMT catalog for the period 1978-1996. These rates are similar to rates ones measured in previous worldwide and regional studies when they are normalized for the ranges of magnitude difference they each span. The observed worldwide rates were compared to a generic model of earthquake clustering, which is based on patterns of small and moderate aftershocks in California, and were found to exceed the California model by a factor of approximately 2. Significant differences in foreshock rate were found among subsets of earthquakes defined by their focal mechanism and tectonic region, with the rate before thrust events higher and the rate before strike-slip events lower than the worldwide average. Among the thrust events a large majority, composed of events located in shallow subduction zones, registered a high foreshock rate, while a minority, located in continental thrust belts, measured a low rate. These differences may explain why previous surveys have revealed low foreshock rates among thrust events in California (especially southern California), while the worldwide observations suggest the opposite: California, lacking an active subduction zone in most of its territory, and including a region of mountain-building thrusts in the south, reflects the low rate apparently typical for continental thrusts, while the worldwide observations, dominated by shallow subduction zone events, are foreshock-rich.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P., 1999, Foreshock occurrence rates before large earthquakes worldwide: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 155, no. 2-4, p. 355-379.","startPage":"355","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1323e4b0c8380cd54538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, P.A.","contributorId":19959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022008,"text":"70022008 - 1999 - Techniques for accurate estimation of net discharge in a tidal channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70022008","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3157,"text":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Techniques for accurate estimation of net discharge in a tidal channel","docAbstract":"An ultrasonic velocity meter discharge-measurement site in a tidally affected region of the Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers was used to study the accuracy of the index velocity calibration procedure. Calibration data consisting of ultrasonic velocity meter index velocity and concurrent acoustic Doppler discharge measurement data were collected during three time periods. The relative magnitude of equipment errors, acoustic Doppler discharge measurement errors, and calibration errors were evaluated. Calibration error was the most significant source of error in estimating net discharge. Using a comprehensive calibration method, net discharge estimates developed from the three sets of calibration data differed by less than an average of 4 cubic meters per second. Typical maximum flow rates during the data-collection period averaged 750 cubic meters per second.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"11 March 1999 through 13 March 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.R., and Bland, R., 1999, Techniques for accurate estimation of net discharge in a tidal channel: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, p. 125-130.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba417e4b08c986b3200d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bland, Roger","contributorId":99721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022006,"text":"70022006 - 1999 - Direct recovery rates of lesser scaup banded in northwest Minnesota: Sources of heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T23:14:13.60873","indexId":"70022006","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct recovery rates of lesser scaup banded in northwest Minnesota: Sources of heterogeneity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Management","doi":"10.2307/3802524","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Pace, R.M., and Afton, A., 1999, Direct recovery rates of lesser scaup banded in northwest Minnesota: Sources of heterogeneity: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 1, p. 389-395, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802524.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01b2e4b0c8380cd4fd04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pace, R. M. III","contributorId":38096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"R.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022005,"text":"70022005 - 1999 - Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:37:11","indexId":"70022005","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California","docAbstract":"Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada, east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 ??g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation are known to occur in stagnant wetland environments that have high dissolved carbon.Mercury poses a water-quality problem for California's Sacramento River, a large river with a mean annual discharge of over 650 m3/s. This river discharges into the San Francisco Bay, and numerous fish species of the bay and river contain mercury levels high enough to affect human health if consumed. Two possible sources of mercury are the mercury mines in the Coast Ranges and the gold mines in the Sierra Nevada. Mercury was once mined in the Coast Ranges, west of the Sacramento River, and used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada east of the river. The mineralogy of the Coast Ranges mercury deposits is mainly cinnabar (HgS), but elemental mercury was used to process gold in the Sierra Nevada. Residual mercury from mineral processing in the Sierra Nevada is mainly in elemental form or in association with oxide particles or organic matter and is biologically available. Recent bed-sediment sampling, at sites below large reservoirs, showed elevated levels of total mercury (median concentration 0.28 ??g/g) in every large river (the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American rivers) draining the Sierra Nevada gold region. Monthly sampling for mercury in unfiltered water shows relatively low concentrations during the nonrainy season in samples collected throughout the Sacramento River Basin, but significantly higher concentrations following storm-water runoff. Measured concentrations, following storm-water runoff, frequently exceeded the state of California standards for the protection of aquatic life. Results from the first year of a 2-year program of sampling for methyl mercury in unfiltered water showed similar median concentrations (0.1 ng/l) at all sampling locations, but with apparent high seasonal concentrations measured during autumn and winter. Methyl mercury concentrations were not significantly higher in rice field runoff water, even though rice production involves the creation of seasonal wetlands: higher rates of methylation a","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry ISEG. Pt 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"5 October 1997 through 10 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Vail, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1999, Occurrence and transport of total mercury and methyl mercury in the Sacramento River Basin, California: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 64, no. 1-3 -3 pt 1, p. 277-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7.","startPage":"277","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206242,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(98)00038-7"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-3 -3 pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b85e4b0c8380cd74749","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021994,"text":"70021994 - 1999 - The economic value of Trinity River water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021994","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2081,"text":"International Journal of Water Resources Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The economic value of Trinity River water","docAbstract":"The Trinity River, largest tributary of the Klamath River, has its head-waters in the Trinity Alps of north-central California. After the construction of Trinity Dam in 1963, 90% of the Trinity River flow at Lewiston was moved to the Sacramento River via the Clear Creek Tunnel, a manmade conduit. Hydropower is produced at four installations along the route of Trinity River water that is diverted to the Sacramento River, and power production at three of these installations would diminish if no Trinity River water were diverted to the Sacramento River. After Trinity River water reaches the Sacramento River, it flows toward the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. Trinity River water is pumped via Bureau of Reclamation canals and pumps to the northern San Joaquin Valley, where it is used for irrigated agriculture. The social cost of putting more water down the Trinity River is the sum of the value of the foregone consumer surplus from hydropower production as well as the value of the foregone irrigation water. Sharply diminished instream flows have also severely affected the size and robustness of Trinity River salmon, steelhead, shad and sturgeon runs. Survey data were used to estimate the non-market benefits of augmenting Trinity River instream flows by letting more water flow down the Trinity and moving less water to the Sacramento River. Preservation benefits for Trinity River instream flows and fish runs are $803 million per annum for the scenario that returns the most water down the Trinity River, a value that greatly exceeds the social cost estimate.The Trinity River, largest tributary of the Klamath River, has its headwaters in the Trinity Alps of north-central California. After the construction of Trinity Dam in 1963, 90% of the Trinity River flow at Lewiston was moved to the Sacramento River via the Clear Creek Tunnel, a manmade conduit. Hydropower is produced at four installations along the route of Trinity River water that is diverted to the Sacramento River, and power production at three of these installations would diminish if no Trinity River water were diverted to the Sacramento River. After Trinity River water reaches the Sacramento River, it flows toward the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Francisco Bay. Trinity River water is pumped via Bureau of Reclamation canals and pumps to the northern San Joaquin Valley, where it is used for irrigated agriculture. The social cost of putting more water down the Trinity River is the sum of the value of the foregone consumer surplus from hydropower production as well as the value of the foregone irrigation water. Sharply diminished instream flows have also severely affected the size and robustness of Trinity River salmon, steelhead, shad and sturgeon runs. Survey data were used to estimate the non-market benefits of augmenting Trinity River instream flows by letting more water flow down the Trinity and moving less water to the Sacramento River. Preservation benefits for Trinity River instream flows and fish runs are $803 million per annum for the scenario that returns the most water down the Trinity River, a value that greatly exceeds the social cost estimate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Water Resources Development","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Carfax Publishing Co.","publisherLocation":"Abington, Oxon, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/07900629948835","issn":"07900627","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Taylor, J.G., 1999, The economic value of Trinity River water: International Journal of Water Resources Development, v. 15, no. 3, p. 309-322, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900629948835.","startPage":"309","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629948835"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab0ae4b08c986b322b8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, A. J.","contributorId":11172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}