{"pageNumber":"3378","pageRowStart":"84425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021231,"text":"70021231 - 1999 - Factors related to probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-01T16:27:24.473767","indexId":"70021231","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors related to probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Factors related to the probability of joint flooding on paired streams were investigated. Stream pairs were considered to have flooded jointly at the design-year flood threshold (corresponding to the 2-, 10-, 25-, or 50-year instantaneous peak stream flow) if peak stream flows at both streams in the pair were observed or predicted to have equaled or exceeded the threshold on a given calendar day. Daily mean stream-flow data were used as a surrogate for instantaneous peak stream-flow data to determine which flood thresholds were equaled or exceeded on any given day. Instantaneous peak stream-flow data, when available, were used preferentially to assess when the flood threshold was exceeded. Observed probabilities of joint flooding were computed as the ratios of the number of days when stream flows at both streams concurrently equaled or exceeded their flood thresholds (events) to the number of days when stream flows at either stream equaled or exceeded its flood threshold (trials). Logistic regression equations for estimating the probability of joint flooding at the 2-year flood threshold were developed on the basis of event-trial ratio and basin characteristic data. Distance between drainage area centroids, the ratio of the smaller drainage area to the larger drainage area, mean drainage area, and the centroid angle adjusted 30 degrees were the characteristics most closely associated with the probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio. In general, the probability of joint flooding decreased with an increase in centroid distance and increased with increases in drainage area ratio, mean drainage area, and centroid angle adjusted 30 degrees.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3141/1690-20","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Sherwood, J.M., 1999, Factors related to probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio: Transportation Research Record, v. 1690, no. 1, p. 175-185, https://doi.org/10.3141/1690-20.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"185","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Untied States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.80150559702629,\n              41.70167974704924\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.56337273498531,\n              38.979843211374686\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.00051705195239,\n              38.70095035230966\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.53924800641786,\n              38.451387273306636\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11709495805304,\n              38.50692381648153\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.53258866226733,\n              39.15422253330972\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6017070297885,\n              39.71753214394215\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.53676448016145,\n              42.352627022281666\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.48512301710934,\n              41.67227938065146\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.39435706270045,\n              41.75164058958894\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.80150559702629,\n              41.70167974704924\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1690","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ed7e4b0c8380cd53656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, J. M.","contributorId":83554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021720,"text":"70021720 - 1999 - Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021720","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan","docAbstract":"The 115-ha boreal Wallace Lake watershed, located on Isle Royale in the Lake Superior Basin, receives moderate anthropogenic atmospheric N inputs (3 kg ha-1 yr-1). Ecosystem response to atmospheric N inputs is, in part, determined by internal production and consumption of this limiting nutrient. The objectives of this 2-yr study on plots dominated by birch, spruce, or alder were to quantify forest floor and surface soil net and gross N mineralization rates, and examine potential effects of changes in temperature and moisture on these processes. Gross N mineralization rates were 23 times net mineralization rates, and increased with forest floor/soil temperature and moisture. Substrate quality was a likely factor in higher gross mineralization rates beneath birch and spruce. Ammonium immobilization increased with forest floor/soil temperature and moisture. Higher net N mineralization rates beneath alder resulted from lower microbial immobilization rather than greater gross N mineralization. The greatest differences between gross N mineralization and immobilization occurred in early summer. Ammonium immobilization averaged 62% of gross N mineralization. Net and gross nitrification rates differed by vegetation type, were highest in spring and fall, and increased with moisture. Gross nitrification was 19 times net nitrification rates. Nitrate immobilization increased with soil moisture, and equalled or exceeded gross nitrification. Net and gross N mineralization or nitrification rates were not correlated. Seasonal variation in forest floor and surface soil N cycling coupled with high ecosystem retention of precipitation N inputs suggest streamwater N concentrations and output reflect trends in soil processes.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Agronomy Inc","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI, United States","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 1999, Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 2, p. 709-720.","startPage":"709","endPage":"720","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66ece4b0c8380cd7308f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021571,"text":"70021571 - 1999 - A source of unlimited energy?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021571","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1507,"text":"Energy (Norwalk, Connecticut)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A source of unlimited energy?","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates will follow a predictable path to commercialization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy (Norwalk, Connecticut)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01499386","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 1999, A source of unlimited energy?: Energy (Norwalk, Connecticut), v. 24, no. 3.","startPage":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e59ee4b0c8380cd46e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021836,"text":"70021836 - 1999 - Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:44:07","indexId":"70021836","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"High-elevation basins in Colorado are a major source of water for the central and western United States; however, acidic deposition may affect the quality of this water. Water that is retained in a basin for a longer period of time may be less impacted by acidic deposition. Sulfur-35 (35S), a short-lived isotope of sulfur (t( 1/2 ) = 87 days), is useful for studying short-time scale hydrologic processes in basins where biological influences and water/rock interactions are minimal. When sulfate response in a basin is conservative, the age of water may be assumed to be that of the dissolved sulfate in it. Three alpine-subalpine basins on granitic terrain in Colorado were investigated to determine the influence of basin morphology on the residence time of water in the basins. Fern and Spruce Creek basins are glaciated and accumulate deep snowpacks during the winter. These basins have hydrologic and chemical characteristics typical of systems with rapid hydrologic response times. The age of sulfate leaving these basins, determined from the activity of 35S, averages around 200 days. In contrast, Boulder Brook basin has broad, gentle slopes and an extensive cover of surficial debris. Its area above treeline, about one-half of the basin, is blown free of snow during the winter. Variations in flow and solute concentrations in Boulder Brook are quite small compared to Fern and Spruce Creeks. After peak snowmelt, sulfate in Boulder Brook is about 200 days older than sulfate in Fern and Spruce Creeks. This indicates a substantial source of older sulfate (lacking 35S) that is probably provided from water stored in pore spaces of surficial debris in Boulder Brook basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00090-7","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Sueker, J., Turk, J., and Michel, R.L., 1999, Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in the Colorado Front Range: Geomorphology, v. 27, no. 1-2, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00090-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206346,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00090-7"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbedbe4b08c986b329807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sueker, J.K.","contributorId":61977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sueker","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021780,"text":"70021780 - 1999 - Digital photogrammetric analysis of the IMP camera images: Mapping the Mars Pathfinder landing site in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T14:31:43","indexId":"70021780","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital photogrammetric analysis of the IMP camera images: Mapping the Mars Pathfinder landing site in three dimensions","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper describes our photogrammetric analysis of the Imager for Mars Pathfinder data, part of a broader program of mapping the Mars Pathfinder landing site in support of geoscience investigations. This analysis, carried out primarily with a commercial digital photogrammetric system, supported by our in‐house Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS), consists of three steps: (1) geometric control: simultaneous solution for refined estimates of camera positions and pointing plus three‐dimensional (3‐D) coordinates of ∼10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;features sitewide, based on the measured image coordinates of those features; (2) topographic modeling: identification of ∼3×10</span><sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;closely spaced points in the images and calculation (based on camera parameters from step 1) of their 3‐D coordinates, yielding digital terrain models (DTMs); and (3) geometric manipulation of the data: combination of the DTMs from different stereo pairs into a sitewide model, and reprojection of image data to remove parallax between the different spectral filters in the two cameras and to provide an undistorted planimetric view of the site. These processes are described in detail and example products are shown. Plans for combining the photogrammetrically derived topographic data with spectrophotometry are also described. These include photometric modeling using surface orientations from the DTM to study surface microtextures and improve the accuracy of spectral measurements, and photoclinometry to refine the DTM to single‐pixel resolution where photometric properties are sufficiently uniform. Finally, the inclusion of rover images in a joint photogrammetric analysis with IMP images is described. This challenging task will provide coverage of areas hidden to the IMP, but accurate ranging of distant features can be achieved only if the lander is also visible in the rover image used.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1998JE900012","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Kirk, R.L., Howington-Kraus, E., Hare, T.M., Dorrer, E., Cook, D., Becker, K.J., Thompson, K., Redding, B., Blue, J., Galuszka, D., Lee, E., Gaddis, L.R., Johnson, J.R., Soderblom, L.A., Ward, A.W., Smith, P.H., and Britt, D., 1999, Digital photogrammetric analysis of the IMP camera images: Mapping the Mars Pathfinder landing site in three dimensions: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8869-8887, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JE900012.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8869","endPage":"8887","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998je900012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a017de4b0c8380cd4fc14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howington-Kraus, Elpitha 0000-0001-5787-6554 ahowington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-6554","contributorId":2815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howington-Kraus","given":"Elpitha","email":"ahowington@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorrer, E.","contributorId":68056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorrer","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cook, D.","contributorId":61774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Becker, Kris J. 0000-0003-1971-5957 kbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5957","contributorId":2910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Kris","email":"kbecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thompson, K.","contributorId":104445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Redding, B.","contributorId":25720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Blue, J.","contributorId":53111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blue","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Galuszka, D.","contributorId":85739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lee, E.M.","contributorId":17005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Soderblom, Laurence A. 0000-0002-0917-853X lsoderblom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":2721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"Laurence","email":"lsoderblom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ward, A. W.","contributorId":8129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Smith, P. H.","contributorId":94058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Britt, D.T.","contributorId":72150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}}
,{"id":70021995,"text":"70021995 - 1999 - Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-01T16:19:57.451155","indexId":"70021995","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>In late November to early December 1995 and February 1996, northern Idaho was hit by heavy rains on a deep snowpack, resulting in two flood and landslide events of historic magnitude. Each of these storms was larger than the previous significant storm, which occurred in January 1974. A study was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to survey and study the effects of the resultant landslides on the Clearwater National Forest, including the effects on the aquatic ecosystem. The results of this study were compared with the estimated average natural sediment resulting from landslides to evaluate the incremental impacts of these recent episodic landslides. They were also compared with the results of a study conducted on the landslides resulting from the January 1974 storm to determine if the landscape was responding more severely to large storms as a result of Forest Service management activities over the past 21 years. The general results of this study indicate that, of the Forest Service management activities, roads are the major contributor; however, they contribute less sediment than natural landslides. The total resultant sediment appears to be within the transport capacity of the aquatic system, and the landslide response in 1974 was similar to the 1995–1996 response. The results of the aquatic ecosystem study were generally mixed, with some habitat parameters indicating degradation, some unchanged, and some improved as a result of the flooding or flooding with landslide sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3141/1652-63","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"McClelland, D., Foltz, R., Falter, C., Wilson, W., Cundy, T., Schuster, R.L., Saurbier, J., Rabe, C., and Heinemann, R., 1999, Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho: Transportation Research Record, v. 1652, no. 1, p. 235-243, https://doi.org/10.3141/1652-63.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater National Forest, northern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.25301812836828,\n              46.818986458508704\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25301812836828,\n              46.61803224613476\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.94180943579468,\n              46.61803224613476\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.94180943579468,\n              46.818986458508704\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25301812836828,\n              46.818986458508704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1652","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa680e4b0c8380cd84eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClelland, D.E.","contributorId":84102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foltz, R.B.","contributorId":26098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foltz","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falter, C.M.","contributorId":107870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falter","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, W.D.","contributorId":6609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cundy, T.","contributorId":98485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cundy","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuster, R. L.","contributorId":19135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saurbier, J.","contributorId":36313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saurbier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rabe, C.","contributorId":44686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabe","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heinemann, R.","contributorId":56820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinemann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021484,"text":"70021484 - 1999 - Relationships between the structure of natural organic matter and its reactivity towards molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70021484","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships between the structure of natural organic matter and its reactivity towards molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals","docAbstract":"Oxidation reaction rate parameters for molecular ozone (O3) and hydroxyl (HO) radicals with a variety of hydrophobic organic acids (HOAs) isolated from different geographic locations were determined from batch ozonation studies. Rate parameter values, obtained under equivalent dissolved organic carbon concentrations in both the presence and absence of non-NOM HO radical scavengers, varied as a function of NOM structure. First-order rate constants for O3 consumption (k(O3)) averaged 8.8 x 10-3 s-1, ranging from 3.9 x 10-3 s-1 for a groundwater HOA to > 16 x 10-3 s-1 for river HOAs with large terrestrial carbon inputs. The average second-order rate constant (k(HO,DOC) between HO radicals and NOM was 3.6 x 108 l (mol C)-1 s-1; a mass of 12 g C per mole C was used in all calculations. Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) at 254 or 280 nm of the HOAs correlated well (r > 0.9) with O3 consumption rate parameters, implying that organic ??-electrons strongly and selectively influence oxidative reactivity. HO radical reactions with NOM were less selective, although correlation between k(HO,DOC) and SUVA existed. Other physical-chemical properties of NOM, such as aromatic and aliphatic carbon content from 13C-NMR spectroscopy, proved less sensitive for predicting oxidation reactivity than SUVA. The implication of this study is that the structural nature of NOM varies temporally and spatially in a water source, and both the nature and amount of NOM will influence oxidation rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00447-3","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Westerhoff, P., Aiken, G., Amy, G., and Debroux, J., 1999, Relationships between the structure of natural organic matter and its reactivity towards molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals: Water Research, v. 33, no. 10, p. 2265-2276, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00447-3.","startPage":"2265","endPage":"2276","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229064,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206184,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00447-3"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa655e4b0c8380cd84dd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerhoff, P.","contributorId":44685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerhoff","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amy, G.","contributorId":101402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amy","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Debroux, J.","contributorId":29149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debroux","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021742,"text":"70021742 - 1999 - Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T10:46:02","indexId":"70021742","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site","docAbstract":"<p><span>About half of the rocks at the Mars Pathfinder Ares Vallis landing site appear to be ventifacts, rocks abraded by windborne particles. Comparable resolution images taken by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera and the Viking landers show that ventifacts are more abundant at the Pathfinder site. The ventifacts occur in several forms, including rocks with faceted edges, finger‐like projections, elongated pits, flutes, grooves, and possible rills. The trends of elongated pits, flutes, grooves, and rills cluster at ∼280–330° clockwise from north and generally dip 10–30° away from their trend direction. These orientations are indicative of southeast to northwest winds and differ from the trend of wind tails at the landing site, the direction of local wind streaks, and predictions of the Global Circulation Model, all of which indicate northeast to southwest winds. The disparity between these data sets strongly suggests that local circulation patterns have changed since the abrasion of the ventifacted rocks. The greater number of ventifacts at the Pathfinder site compared to either of the Viking sites is most easily explained as being due to a larger supply of abrading particles, composed of either sand‐sized grains or indurated dust aggregates, and higher surface roughness, which should increase the momentum of saltating grains. The Pathfinder ventifacts may have formed shortly after the deposition of outflow channel sediments nearly 2 Gry ago, when a large local supply of abrading particles should have been abundant and atmospheric conditions may have been more conducive to rock abrasion from saltating grains. Based on how ventifacts form on Earth, the several ventifact forms seen at the Pathfinder site and their presence on some rocks but not on others are probably due to local airflow conditions, original rock shape, exposure duration, rock movement, and to a lesser extent, rock lithology. The abundance of ventifacts at the Pathfinder site, together with other evidence of weathering, indicates that unaltered rock surfaces are rare on Mars.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/98JE02550","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bridges, N., Greeley, R., Haldemann, A.F., Herkenhoff, K.E., Kraft, M., Parker, T.J., and Ward, A.W., 1999, Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8595-8615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02550.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"8595","endPage":"8615","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je02550","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc202e4b08c986b32a8a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haldemann, A. F. C.","contributorId":33437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haldemann","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraft, M.","contributorId":72547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, T. J.","contributorId":30776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ward, A. W.","contributorId":8129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021522,"text":"70021522 - 1999 - Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in Midwestern rivers?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:46:17","indexId":"70021522","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in Midwestern rivers?","docAbstract":"In many Midwestern rivers, elevated concentrations of herbicides occur during runoff events for 1-3 months following application. The highest or 'peak' herbicide concentration often occurs during one of these runoff events. Herbicide concentrations in rivers are affected by a number of factors, including herbicide use patterns within the associated basin. Changing agricultural practices, reductions in recommended and permitted herbicide applications, shifts to new herbicides, and greater environmental awareness in the agricultural community have resulted in changes to herbicide use patterns. In the Midwestern United States, alachlor use was much larger in 1989 than in 1995, while acetochlor was not used in 1989, and commonly used in 1995. Use of atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor was about the same in 1989 and 1995. Herbicide concentrations were measured in samples from 53 Midwestern rivers during the first major runoff event that occurred after herbicide application (postapplication) in 1989, 1990, 1994, and 1995. The median concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, metribuzin, metolachlor, propazine, and simazine all were significantly higher in 1989/90 than in 1994/95. The median acetochlor concentration was higher in 1995 than in 1994. Estimated daily yields for all herbicides and degradation products measured, with the exception of acetochlor, were higher in 1989/90 than in 1994/95. The differences in concentration and yield do not always parallel changes in herbicide use, suggesting that other changes in herbicide or crop management are affecting concentrations in Midwestern rivers during runoff events.In many Midwestern rivers, elevated concentrations of herbicides occur during runoff events for 1-3 months following application. The highest or `peak' herbicide concentration often occurs during one of these runoff events. Herbicide concentrations in rivers are affected by a number of factors, including herbicide use patterns within the associated basin. Changing agricultural practices, reductions in recommended and permitted herbicide applications, shifts to new herbicides, and greater environmental awareness in the agricultural community have resulted in changes to herbicide use patterns. In the Midwestern United States, alachlor use was much larger in 1989 than in 1995, while acetochlor was not used in 1989, and commonly used in 1995. Use of atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor was about the same in 1989 and 1995. Herbicide concentrations were measured in samples from 53 Midwestern rivers during the first major runoff event that occurred after herbicide application (postapplication) in 1989, 1990, 1994, and 1995. The median concentrations of atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, metribuzin, metolachlor, propazine, and simazine all were significantly higher in 1989/90 than in 1994/95. The median acetochlor concentration was higher in 1995 than in 1994. Estimated daily yields for all herbicides and degradation products measured, with the exception of acetochlor, were higher in 1989/90 than in 1994/95. The differences in concentration and yield do not always parallel changes in herbicide use, suggesting that other changes in herbicide or crop management are affecting concentrations in Midwestern rivers during runoff events.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9900149","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999, Are shifts in herbicide use reflected in concentration changes in Midwestern rivers?: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 17, p. 2917-2925, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9900149.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2917","endPage":"2925","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229067,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206187,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9900149"}],"volume":"33","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed5fe4b0c8380cd49786","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021450,"text":"70021450 - 1999 - Galileo's Multiinstrument Spectral View of Europa's Surface Composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021450","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Galileo's Multiinstrument Spectral View of Europa's Surface Composition","docAbstract":"We have combined spectral reflectance data from the Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment, the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), and the Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) in an attempt to determine the composition and implied genesis of non-H2O components in the optical surface of Europa. We have considered four terrains: (1) the \"dark terrains\" on the trailing hemisphere, (2) the \"mottled terrain,\" (3) the linea on the leading hemisphere, and (4) the linea embedded in the dark terrain on the trailing hemisphere. The darker materials in these terrains exhibit remarkably similar spectra in both the visible and near infrared. In the visible, a downturn toward shorter wavelengths has been attributed to sulfur. The broad concentrations of dark material on the trailing hemisphere was originally thought to be indicative of exogenic sulfur implantation. While an exogenic cause is still probable, more recent observations by the UVS team at higher spatial resolution have led to their suggestions that the role of the bombardment may have primarily been to sputter away overlying ice and to reveal underlying endogenic non-H2O contaminants. If so, this might explain why the spectra in all these terrains are so similar despite the fact that the contaminants in the linea are clearly endogenic and those in the mottled terrain are almost certainly so. In the near infrared, all these terrains exhibit much more asymmetrical bands at 1.4 and 2.0 ??m at shorter wavelengths than spectra from elsewhere on Europa. It has been argued that this is because the water molecules are bound in hydrated salts. However, this interpretation has been challenged and it has also been argued that pure coarse ice can exhibit such asymmetric bands under certain conditions. The nature of this controversy is briefly discussed, as are theoretical and experimental studies bearing on this problem. ?? 1999 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6117","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Fanale, F.P., Granahan, J.C., McCord, T.B., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, C.A., Carlson, R., Matson, D., Ocampo, A., Kamp, L., Smythe, W., Leader, F., Mehlman, R., Greeley, R., Sullivan, R., Geissler, P., Barth, C., Hendrix, A., Clark, B., Helfenstein, P., Veverka, J., Belton, M.J., Becker, K., and Becker, T., 1999, Galileo's Multiinstrument Spectral View of Europa's Surface Composition: Icarus, v. 139, no. 2, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6117.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6117"}],"volume":"139","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14aee4b0c8380cd54af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granahan, J. C.","contributorId":39952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granahan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carlson, R.","contributorId":30773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matson, D.","contributorId":9433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ocampo, A.","contributorId":51934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ocampo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kamp, L.","contributorId":32312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smythe, W.","contributorId":9412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leader, F.","contributorId":37942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Barth, C.","contributorId":31264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hendrix, A.","contributorId":88218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrix","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Clark, B.","contributorId":30224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Helfenstein, P.","contributorId":69306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helfenstein","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Becker, K.","contributorId":96437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Becker, T.","contributorId":78125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}}
,{"id":70021246,"text":"70021246 - 1999 - Decadal variations in the strength of ENSO teleconnections with precipitation in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:22:41","indexId":"70021246","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decadal variations in the strength of ENSO teleconnections with precipitation in the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Changing patterns of correlations between the historical average June-November Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and October-March precipitation totals for 84 climate divisions in the western US indicate a large amount of variability in SOI/precipitation relations on decadal time scales. Correlations of western US precipitation with SOI and other indices of tropical El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) processes were much weaker from 1920 to 1950 than during recent decades. This variability in teleconnections is associated with the character of tropical air-sea interactions as indexed by the number of out-of-phase SOI/tropical sea surface temperature (SST) episodes, and with decadal variability in the North Pacific Ocean as indexed by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). ENSO teleconnections with precipitation in the western US are strong when SOI and NINO3 are out-of-phase and PDO is negative. ENSO teleconnections are weak when SOI and NINO3 are weakly correlated and PDO is positive. Decadal modes of tropical and North Pacific Ocean climate variability are important indicators of periods when ENSO indices, like SOI, can be used as reliable predictors of winter precipitation in the US.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19991115)19:13<1399::AID-JOC457>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., and Dettinger, M.D., 1999, Decadal variations in the strength of ENSO teleconnections with precipitation in the western United States: International Journal of Climatology, v. 19, no. 13, p. 1399-1410, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19991115)19:13<1399::AID-JOC457>3.0.CO;2-A.","startPage":"1399","endPage":"1410","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206466,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(19991115)19:13<1399::AID-JOC457>3.0.CO;2-A"}],"volume":"19","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfee4b0c8380cd4ea61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021306,"text":"70021306 - 1999 - Riparian zone flowpath dynamics during snowmelt in a small headwater catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021306","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian zone flowpath dynamics during snowmelt in a small headwater catchment","docAbstract":"The hydrology of the near-stream riparian zone in upland humid catchments is poorly understood. We examined the spatial and temporal aspects of riparian flowpaths during snowmelt in a headwater catchment within the Sleepers River catchment in northern Vermont. A transect of 15 piezometers was sampled for Ca, Si, DOC, other major cations, and ??18O. Daily piezometric head values reflected variations in the stream hydrograph induced by melt and rainfall. The riparian zone exhibited strong upward discharge gradients. An impeding layer was identified between the till and surficial organic soil. Water solute concentrations increased toward the stream throughout the melt. Ca concentrations increased with depth and DOC concentrations decreased with depth. The concentrations of Ca in all piezometers were lower during active snowmelt than during post-melt low flow. Ca data suggest snowmelt infiltration to depth; however, only upslope piezometers exhibited snowmelt infiltration and consequent low ??18O values, while ??18O values varied less than 0.5% in the deep riparian piezometers throughout the study period. Ca and ??18O values in upslope piezometers during low streamflow were comparable to Ca and ??18O in riparian piezometers during high streamflow. The upland water Ca and ??18O may explain the deep riparian Ca dilution and consistent ??18O composition. The temporal pattern in Ca and ??18O indicate that upland water moves to the stream via a lateral displacement mechanism that is enhanced by the presence of distinct soil/textural layers. Snowmelt thus initiates the flux of pre-melt, low Ca upland water to depth in the riparian zone, but itself does not appear at depth in the riparian zone during spring melt. This is despite the coincident response of upland groundwater and stream discharge.The hydrology of the near-stream riparian zone in upland humid catchments is poorly understood. We examined the spatial and temporal aspects of riparian flowpaths during snowmelt in a headwater catchment within the Sleepers River catchment in northern Vermont. A transect of 15 piezometers was sampled for Ca, Si, DOC, other major cations, and ??18O. Daily piezometric head values reflected variations in the stream hydrograph induced by melt and rainfall. The riparian zone exhibited strong upward discharge gradients. An impeding layer was identified between the till and surficial organic soil. Water solute concentrations increased toward the stream throughout the melt. Ca concentrations increased with depth and DOC concentrations decreased with depth. The concentrations of Ca in all piezometers were lower during active snowmelt than during post-melt low flow. Ca data suggest snowmelt infiltration to depth; however, only upslope piezometers exhibited snowmelt infiltration and consequent low ??18O values, while ??18O values varied less than 0.5 per mil in the deep riparian piezometers throughout the study period. Ca and ??18O values in upslope piezometers during low streamflow were comparable to Ca and ??18O in riparian piezometers during high streamflow. The upland water Ca and ??18O may explain the deep riparian Ca dilution and consistent ??18O composition. The temporal pattern in Ca and ??18O indicate that upland water moves to the stream via a lateral displacement mechanism that is enhanced by the presence of distinct soil/textural layers. Snowmelt thus initiates the flux of pre-melt, low Ca upland water to depth in the riparian zone, but itself does not appear at depth in the riparian zone during spring melt. This is despite the coincident response of upland groundwater and stream discharge.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00102-X","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McGlynn, B., McDonnell, J.J., Shanley, J.B., and Kendall, C., 1999, Riparian zone flowpath dynamics during snowmelt in a small headwater catchment: Journal of Hydrology, v. 222, no. 1-4, p. 75-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00102-X.","startPage":"75","endPage":"92","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206413,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00102-X"},{"id":229669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"222","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad82e4b0c8380cd86efa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002961,"text":"1002961 - 1999 - Status of the interior population of least tern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T11:56:13.562993","indexId":"1002961","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of the interior population of least tern","docAbstract":"Because the interior population of least tem (Sterna antillarum) was listed as endangered in 1985, information on population status, trends, and productivity is needed to guide management of this population. We compared recent estimates (1986-95) of tern numbers to objectives identified in the Recovery Plan, used linear regression to estimate trends for local areas (e.g., river segment, reservoir), anti route regression to estimate trends for larger segments of the breeding range. We also compared observed estimates of fledging success to the minimum valve (0.51 fledglings/pair) thought necessary for population maintenance to determine whether observed productivity could support recent population trends. Although the interior population exceeded the recovery goal of 7,000 birds in 1995, this was due to large increases in tern numbers along a 901-km stretch of the Lower Mississippi River, and numbers for most breeding areas have not reached recovery levels. Trend (lambda) was significant for 7 (5 positive, 2 negative) of 31 local areas for which trend could be calculated. At larger scales, lambda was not discernibly different from 1 for the Platte and Missouri river drainages, but lambda was >1 for the Lower Mississippi River drainage. Overall trend for the interior population was 1.090 (95% CI = 1.056-1.111), and 1.024 (95% CI = 0.998-1.045) when data from the Lower Mississippi River were excluded. Fledging; success ranged from 0.00 to 2.33 fledglings/pair, and was <0.51 in 9 areas. Based on available fledging success estimates, there is no evidence that productivity within the interior range caused recent increases in tern numbers. Improved rangewide monitoring of numbers and productivity, and information on movements and postfledging survival, are needed to assess recovery criteria and management options for this population of least terns.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802632","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E., and Sidle, J.G., 1999, Status of the interior population of least tern: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 2, p. 470-483, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802632.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"470","endPage":"483","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802632","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a3d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sidle, John G.","contributorId":77099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sidle","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001912,"text":"1001912 - 1999 - Killing of a muskox, Ovibos moschatus, by two wolves, Canis lupis, and subsequent caching","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T13:10:03.781753","indexId":"1001912","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Killing of a muskox, <i>Ovibos moschatus</i>, by two wolves, <i>Canis lupis</i>, and subsequent caching","title":"Killing of a muskox, Ovibos moschatus, by two wolves, Canis lupis, and subsequent caching","docAbstract":"<p>The killing of a cow Muskox (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>) by two Wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in 5 minutes during summer on Ellesmere Island is described. After two of the four feedings observed, one Wolf cached a leg and regurgitated food as far as 2.3 km away and probably farther. The implications of this behavior for deriving food-consumption estimates are discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Adams, L., 1999, Killing of a muskox, Ovibos moschatus, by two wolves, Canis lupis, and subsequent caching: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 113, no. 4, p. 673-675.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"675","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353133,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/358674"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b40d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043746,"text":"70043746 - 1999 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:13:26","indexId":"70043746","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and maps that were published during 1998 and (2) articles by U.S. Geological Survey personnel in non-U.S. Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1998; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961,\" \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970,\" and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043746","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 381 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043746.","productDescription":"v, 381 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267735,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043746/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272689,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043746/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad6ce4b0b6328103b52b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001869,"text":"1001869 - 1999 - Prescribed fire effects on biological control of leafy spurge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T15:24:17.847347","indexId":"1001869","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2441,"text":"Journal of Range Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prescribed fire effects on biological control of leafy spurge","docAbstract":"<p><span>The flea beetle, <i>Aphthona nigriscutis</i> Foudras, is a potentially useful agent for biological control of leafy spurge (<i>Euphorbia esula</i> L.) in grasslands devoted to wildlife conservation. However, effects of other grassland management practices on the persistence and dynamics of flea beetle populations are not well understood. We conducted small plot tests to evaluate 1) the effect of prerelease burning on establishment of <i>A. nigriscutis</i> colonies, and 2) the ability of established <i>A. nigriscutis</i> colonies to survive prescribed fire. More colonies established on plots that were burned prior to beetle release (83% establishment) than on unburned plots (37% establishment), possibly due to litter reduction and baring of the soil surface. However, most colonies established with the aid of fire did not survive past the first generation unless the habitat was otherwise suitable for the species, and we conclude that the primary benefit of prerelease burning is increased recruitment of <i>A. nigriscutis</i> during the first few generations. Established colonies were not harmed by burns in October and May. Both spring and fall burns resulted in an increase in leafy spurge stem density during the first growing season, but stem density declined to the preburn level by the second growing season.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/4003776","usgsCitation":"Fellows, D., and Newton, W., 1999, Prescribed fire effects on biological control of leafy spurge: Journal of Range Management, v. 52, no. 5, p. 489-493, https://doi.org/10.2307/4003776.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"493","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/643997","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6584fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellows, D.P.","contributorId":30957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellows","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, W.E.","contributorId":13567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002972,"text":"1002972 - 1999 - Behavioral responses to disturbance in freshwater mussels with implications for conservation and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:14:56.674864","indexId":"1002972","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral responses to disturbance in freshwater mussels with implications for conservation and management","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>Knowledge about the ability of freshwater unionid mussels to recover from physical disturbance is important to their conservation and management. Threatened species may be disturbed by relocation to refugia as a conservation measure, and some species are disturbed by size- and species-selective harvesting of shells for use in the production of cultured pearls. The activity of freshwater unionid mussels generally decreases with water temperature, but intra- and interspecific differences in the frequency and distribution of recovery behaviors following disturbances at specific water temperatures have not been previously quantified. We observed righting, moving, and burrowing behavior of 4 mussel species, Amblema plicata plicata, Potamilus alatus, Fusconaia flava, and Lampsilis cardium, at 3 water temperatures (7, 14, and 21°C). The temporal frequency (intensity) and times-to-1st-event of behaviors were analyzed using proportional hazards models. Righting events and consecutive movements occurred at different intensities among temperatures and species. For righting, intensity increased by 8%/°C within the range of 7-21°C. Subsequent movements increased in intensity by 10%/°C. Amblema plicata was the slowest to respond, and had an intensity of turning upright only 27% of that for P. alatus. The intensities of movements for A. plicata and F. flava were 16% of those for P. alatus. Lampsilis cardium righted themselves most quickly, and had an intensity of righting 124% of that for P. alatus. The distribution of the 3 behaviors among treatment groups at 1 wk was analyzed with a proportional odds model. The distribution of righting, moving, and burrowing 1 wk after disturbance was described entirely by high-order interactions in our proportional odds model. Therefore, that model revealed little interpretable pattern in the endpoint data and it was less sensitive than our analysis of time-to-event data for measuring the effects of disturbance. We attributed the difference in sensitivity between the 2 models to the greater information content of time-until-event data. For similar studies of occurrences of key events, times to events should be recorded and interpreted whenever feasible and consistent with study objectives. Our results suggest that water temperature has an important effect on the outcome of mussel conservation projects and commercial harvesting activities. Our modeling approach, applied to other species, could help guide decisions about which species can safely be disturbed and the optimal seasonal timing of those disturbances.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468451","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Waller, D.L., Gutreuter, S., and Rach, J., 1999, Behavioral responses to disturbance in freshwater mussels with implications for conservation and management: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 18, no. 3, p. 381-390, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468451.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"390","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":165683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c2cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, D. L.","contributorId":43704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001797,"text":"1001797 - 1999 - Effects of fire retardant chemical and fire suppressant foam on shrub steppe vegetation in northern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:33:46","indexId":"1001797","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2083,"text":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fire retardant chemical and fire suppressant foam on shrub steppe vegetation in northern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fire retardantchemical (Phos-Chek G75-F</span><sup>*</sup><span>) and fire suppressant foam (Silv-Ex) application,alone and in combination with fire, on Great Basin shrub steppe vegetation. Wemeasured growth, resprouting, flowering, and incidence of galling insects on</span><i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i><span>and</span><i>Artemisia tridentata</i><span>. These characteristics were notaffected by any chemical treatment. We measured community characteristics,including species richness, evenness, and diversity, and number of stems ofwoody and herbaceous plants in riparian and upland plots. Of these characteristics, only species richness and number ofstems/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> clearly responded to the chemicaltreatments, and the response was modified by fire. In general, speciesrichness declined, especially after Phos-Chek application. However, by the endof the growing season, species richness did not differ between treated andcontrol plots. Acanonical variate analysis suggested that burning had agreater influence on community composition than did the chemical treatments.In general, riparian areas showed more significant responses to the treatmentsthan did upland areas, and June applications produced greater changes inspecies richness and stem density than did July applications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Wildland Fire","doi":"10.1071/WF00013","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., Newton, W.E., Anderson, P.J., and Stein, S.J., 1999, Effects of fire retardant chemical and fire suppressant foam on shrub steppe vegetation in northern Nevada: International Journal of Wildland Fire, v. 9, no. 2, p. 115-127, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF00013.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6158e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stein, Steven J.","contributorId":174613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002976,"text":"1002976 - 1999 - Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the upper Mississippi River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:09","indexId":"1002976","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the upper Mississippi River system","docAbstract":"The flood-pulse concept (FPC) states that annual inundation is the principal force responsible for productivity and biotic interactions in river-floodplain systems. Somatic growth is one component of production, and we hypothesized that, if the FPC applies, growth of fishes that use the moving littoral zone should differ among years with differing flood pattern, whereas nonlittoral fishes would show no such response. Growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), species that exploit littoral resources, increased during a year having an unusual warm-season flood in the Upper Mississippi River system and was reduced during low-water years. Growth of white bass (Morone chrysops), which do not rely heavily on the littoral zone, did not differ significantly between the extreme-flood and low-water years. Patterns of growth of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), which have intermediate dependence on the moving littoral zone, were somewhat ambiguous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the FPC applies, at least under certain conditions, to this temperate river system. Our results can also provide an important basis from which to assess some costs and benefits of water level management strategies in large regulated temperate rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., Bartels, A., Irons, K., and Sandheinrich, M., 1999, Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the upper Mississippi River system: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 56, no. 12, p. 2282-2291.","productDescription":"pp. 2282-2291","startPage":"2282","endPage":"2291","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129462,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15622,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjfas&volume=56&year=1999&issue=56&msno=f99-161&calyLang=eng","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7112.000000000000000"}],"volume":"56","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa3ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutreuter, S.","contributorId":79829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartels, A.D.","contributorId":81841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartels","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Irons, K.","contributorId":20282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sandheinrich, M.B.","contributorId":76263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"M.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1002971,"text":"1002971 - 1999 - Variation in glycogen concentrations within mantle and foot tissue in Amblema plicata plicata: Implications for tissue biopsy sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"1002971","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":735,"text":"American Malacological Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in glycogen concentrations within mantle and foot tissue in Amblema plicata plicata: Implications for tissue biopsy sampling","docAbstract":"With the development of techniques to non-lethally biopsy tissue from unionids, a new method is available to measure changes in biochemical, contaminant, and genetic constituents in this imperiled faunal group. However, before its widespread application, information on the variability of biochemical components within and among tissues needs to be evaluated. We measured glycogen concentrations in foot and mantle tissue in Amblema plicata plicata (Say, 1817) to determine if glycogen was evenly distributed within and between tissues and to determine which tissue might be more responsive to the stress associated with relocating mussels. Glycogen was measured in two groups of mussels: those sampled from their native environment (undisturbed mussels) and quickly frozen for analysis and those relocated into an artificial pond (relocated mussels) for 24 months before analysis. In both undisturbed and relocated mussels, glycogen concentrations were evenly distributed within foot, but not within mantle tissue. In mantle tissue, concentrations of glycogen varied about 2-fold among sections. In addition, glycogen varied significantly between tissues in undisturbed mussels, but not in relocated mussels. Twenty-four months after relocation, glycogen concentrations had declined by 80% in mantle tissue and by 56% in foot tissue relative to the undisturbed mussels. These data indicate that representative biopsy samples can be obtained from foot tissue, but not mantle tissue. We hypothesize that mantle tissue could be more responsive to the stress of relocation due to its high metabolic activity associated with shell formation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Malacological Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","issn":"07402783","usgsCitation":"Naimo, T., and Monroe, E., 1999, Variation in glycogen concentrations within mantle and foot tissue in Amblema plicata plicata: Implications for tissue biopsy sampling: American Malacological Bulletin, v. 15, no. 1, p. 51-56.","productDescription":"pp. 51-56","startPage":"51","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naimo, T.J.","contributorId":32870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimo","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, E.M.","contributorId":105822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001756,"text":"1001756 - 1999 - Foods and foraging of prairie striped skunks during the avian nesting season","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T09:36:35","indexId":"1001756","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foods and foraging of prairie striped skunks during the avian nesting season","docAbstract":"Food habits of prairie skunks are not well understood, yet such knowledge might provide insight into factors influencing nest depredation. We studied food habits of radiocollared adult striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) during 1976-78 in North Dakota, where skunks are regarded as important predators of ground-nesting birds. Plant foods, primarily grain and sunflower seeds, occurred in a larger percentage of scats in spring (15 Apr 31 May) than summer (1 Jun 15 July, P=0.04), but overall, plant foods were a minor part of skunk diets. Animal foods, primarily birds (including eggs), small rodents, and insects occurred annually in a large percentage of scats of all skunks. These foods were acquired nearly exclusively in grasslands. Percentage of scats containing animal foods was similar, irrespective of sex, season, or year (P>0.45). In spring, vertebrates occurred in a smaller percentage of scats of females than males (P<0.01). Among females, vertebrates also occurred in a smaller percentage of scats in spring than summer (P<0.01). Among all skunks, birds occurred in a smaller percentage of scats in spring than in summer (P<0.01). Both birds (P<0.02) and mammals (P<0.01) occurred in a smaller proportion of scats when wetland conditions were poor. Percentage of scats containing insects, the primary invertebrate food of skunks, did not vary by sex, season, or year (P>0.15). Insects were mostly adult and larval Coleoptera, larval Lepidoptera, and adult and nymph Orthoptera.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, R.J., Sargeant, A., Piehl, J., Buhl, D., and Hanson, B., 1999, Foods and foraging of prairie striped skunks during the avian nesting season: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 27, no. 3, p. 823-832.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"832","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, R. J.","contributorId":74326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargeant, A.B.","contributorId":13171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piehl, J.L.","contributorId":54536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piehl","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhl, D. A. 0000-0002-8563-5990","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-5990","contributorId":13571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanson, B.A.","contributorId":40553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016621,"text":"1016621 - 1999 - The mathematics of movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:14:02","indexId":"1016621","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mathematics of movement","docAbstract":"Review of: Quantitative Analysis of Movement: Measuring and Modeling Population Redistribution in Animals and Plants. Peter Turchin. 1998. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. 306 pages. $38.95 (paper).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"South Dakota State University","publisherLocation":"Brookings, SD","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1999, The mathematics of movement: Prairie Naturalist, v. 31, no. 2, p. 125-127.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"127","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624270","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001713,"text":"1001713 - 1999 - Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in Southern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T11:27:53","indexId":"1001713","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in Southern Texas","docAbstract":"We report on the habitat associations of 21 species of grassland birds overwintering in or migrating through southern Texas, during 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. Ninety percent of our grassland bird observations were made during winter and spring, and only 10% occurred during fall. Grassland species made up a high proportion of the total bird densities in grassland and shrub-grassland habitats, but much lower proportions in the habitats with more woody vegetation. Fewer grassland species were observed in grassland and woodland than in brushland, parkland, and shrub-grassland habitats. Grassland birds generally were found in higher densities in habitats that had woody canopy coverage of < 30%; densities of grassland birds were highest in shrub-grassland habitat and lowest in woodland habitat. Species that are grassland specialists on their breeding grounds tended to be more habitat specific during the nonbreeding season compared to shrub-grassland specialists, which were more general in their nonbreeding-habitat usage. Nonetheless, our data demonstrate that grassland birds occur in a variety of habitats during the nonbreeding season and seem to occupy a broader range of habitats than previously described.","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370064","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Ballard, B.M., 1999, Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in Southern Texas: Condor, v. 101, p. 771-782, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649715","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, Bart M.","contributorId":62932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Bart","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001725,"text":"1001725 - 1999 - Alpha status, dominance, leadership, and division of labor in wolf packs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T10:58:13","indexId":"1001725","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alpha status, dominance, leadership, and division of labor in wolf packs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The prevailing view of a wolf (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>) pack is that of a group of individuals ever vying for dominance but held in check by the \"alpha\" pair, the alpha male and alpha female. Most research on the social dynamics of wolf packs, however, has been conducted on non-natural assortments of captive wolves. Here I describe the wolf-pack social order as it occurs in nature, discuss the alpha concept and social dominance and submission, and present data on the precise relationships among members in free-living packs, based on a literature review and 13 summers of observations of wolves on Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. I conclude that the typical wolf pack is a family, with the adult parents guiding the activities of the group in a division-of-labor system in which the female predominates primarily in such activities as pup care and defense and the male primarily during foraging and food-provisioning and the travels associated with them.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z99-099","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 1999, Alpha status, dominance, leadership, and division of labor in wolf packs: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 77, no. 8, p. 1196-1203, https://doi.org/10.1139/z99-099.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1196","endPage":"1203","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687f20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":311598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002970,"text":"1002970 - 1999 - Liquid chromatographic determination of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fillet tissues from three species of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T12:12:20.973203","indexId":"1002970","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquid chromatographic determination of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fillet tissues from three species of fish","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">Chloramine-T (<i>N</i>-sodium-<i>N</i>-chloro-<i>p</i>-toluene-sulfonamide) is a candidate therapeutic drug for treating bacterial gill disease, a predominant disease of a variety of fish species. Research has been initiated to obtain the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval for the use of chloramine-T on a variety of fish species. An attribute of a therapeutic aquaculture drug that must be characterized before the FDA approves its use is depletion of the drug’s marker residue (the drug’s parent compound or metabolite of highest concentration in an edible tissue).<span>&nbsp;</span><i>para</i>-Toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA) is the primary degradation product and marker residue for chloramine-T in rainbow trout. To conduct residue depletion studies for chloramine-T in fish, a robust analytical method sensitive and specific for p-TSA residues in edible fillet tissue from a variety of fish was required. Homogenized fillet tissues from rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), walleye (<i>Stizostedion vitreum</i>), and channel cattish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) were fortified at nominal p-TSA concentrations of 17, 67, 200, 333, and 1000 ng/g. Samples were analyzed by isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with absorbance detection at 226 nm. Mean recoveries of p-TSA ranged from 77 to 93.17%; relative standard deviations ranged from 1.5 to 14%; method quantitation limits ranged from 13 to 18 ng/g; and method detection limits ranged from 3.8 to 5.2 ng/g. The LC parameters produced p-TSA peaks without coelution of endogenous compounds and excluded chromatographic interference from at least 20 chemicals and drugs of potential use in aquaculture.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/82.5.1064","issn":"10603271","usgsCitation":"Meinertz, J., Schmidt, L., Stehly, G., and Gingerich, W., 1999, Liquid chromatographic determination of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fillet tissues from three species of fish: Journal of AOAC International, v. 82, no. 5, p. 1064-1070, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.5.1064.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479440,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.5.1064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a495f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meinertz, J.R. 0000-0002-8855-2648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2648","contributorId":16786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meinertz","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, L.J.","contributorId":89858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}