{"pageNumber":"3379","pageRowStart":"84450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021757,"text":"70021757 - 1999 - Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:57:56.140057","indexId":"70021757","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California","docAbstract":"The silicic lava domes of Chaos Crags in Lassen Volcanic National Park contain a suite of variably quenched, hybrid basaltic andesite magmatic inclusions. The inclusions represent thorough mixing between rhyodacite and basalt recharge liquids accompanied by some mechanical disaggregation of the inclusions resulting in crystals mixing into the rhyodacite host preserved by quenching on dome emplacement. 87Sr/86Sr ratios (~0.7037-0.7038) of the inclusions are distinctly lower than those of the host rhyodacite (~0.704-0.7041), which are used to fingerprint the origin of mineral components and to monitor the mixing and mingling process. Chemical, isotopic, and textural characteristics indicate that the inclusions are hybrid magmas formed from the mixing and undercooling of recharge basaltic magma with rhyodacitic magma. All the host magma phenocrysts (biotite, plagioclase, hornblende and quartz crystals) also occur in the inclusions, where they are rimmed by reaction products. Compositional and strontium isotopic data from cores of unresorbed plagioclase crystals in the host rhyodacite, partially resorbed plagioclase crystals enclosed within basaltic andesite inclusions, and partially resorbed plagioclase crystals in the rhyodacitic host are all similar. Rim 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the partially resorbed plagioclase crystals in both inclusions and host are lower and close to those of the whole-rock hybrid basaltic andesite values. This observation indicates that some crystals originally crystallized in the silicic host, were partially resorbed and subsequently overgrown in the hybrid basaltic andesite magma, and then some of these partially resorbed plagioclase crystals were recycled back into the host rhyodacite. Textural evidence, in the form of sieve zones and major dissolution boundaries of the resorbed plagioclase crystals, indicates immersion of crystals into a hotter, more calcic magma. The occurrence of partially resorbed plagioclase together with plagioclase microlites and olivine crystals reflects disaggregation of inclusions and mingling of this material into the silicic host. These processes are commonplace in some orogenic magma systems and may be elucidated by isotopic microsampling and analysis of the plagioclases crystallizing from them.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petroj/40.5.787","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Tepley, F.J., Davidson, J., and Clynne, M., 1999, Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 40, no. 5, p. 787-806, https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.5.787.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.5.787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b49e4b0c8380cd69426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepley, F. J. III","contributorId":99723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepley","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021774,"text":"70021774 - 1999 - Analysis of pumping tests: Significance of well diameter, partial penetration, and noise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T11:24:18.930528","indexId":"70021774","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of pumping tests: Significance of well diameter, partial penetration, and noise","docAbstract":"

The nonlinear least squares (NLS) method was applied to pumping and recovery aquifer test data in confined and unconfined aquifers with finite diameter and partially penetrating pumping wells, and with partially penetrating piezometers or observation wells. It was demonstrated that noiseless and moderately noisy drawdown data from observation points located less than two saturated thicknesses of the aquifer from the pumping well produced an exact or acceptable set of parameters when the diameter of the pumping well was included in the analysis. The accuracy of the estimated parameters, particularly that of specific storage, decreased with increases in the noise level in the observed drawdown data. With consideration of the well radii, the noiseless drawdown data from the pumping well in an unconfined aquifer produced good estimates of horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities and specific yield, but the estimated specific storage was unacceptable. When noisy data from the pumping well were used, an acceptable set of parameters was not obtained. Further experiments with noisy drawdown data in an unconfined aquifer revealed that when the well diameter was included in the analysis, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and vertical hydraulic conductivity may be estimated rather effectively from piezometers located over a range of distances from the pumping well. Estimation of specific storage became less reliable for piezometers located at distances greater than the initial saturated thickness of the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03594.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Heidari, M., Ghiassi, K., and Mehnert, E., 1999, Analysis of pumping tests: Significance of well diameter, partial penetration, and noise: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 2, p. 333-347, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03594.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"347","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb29e4b0c8380cd48c6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heidari, M.","contributorId":26430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidari","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghiassi, K.","contributorId":46247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghiassi","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mehnert, E.","contributorId":64830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021775,"text":"70021775 - 1999 - The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to historical climate variability and atmospheric CO2 in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:34:34.052545","indexId":"70021775","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3528,"text":"Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to historical climate variability and atmospheric CO2 in the United States","docAbstract":"We use the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM, Version 4.1) and the land cover data set of the international geosphere-biosphere program to investigate how increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate variability during 1900-1994 affect the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous USA, and how carbon storage has been affected by land-use change. The estimates of TEM indicate that over the past 95 years a combination of increasing atmospheric CO2 with historical temperature and precipitation variability causes a 4.2% (4.3 Pg C) decrease in total carbon storage of potential vegetation in the conterminous US, with vegetation carbon decreasing by 7.2% (3.2 Pg C) and soil organic carbon decreasing by 1.9% (1.1 Pg C). Several dry periods including the 1930s and 1950s are responsible for the loss of carbon storage. Our factorial experiments indicate that precipitation variability alone decreases total carbon storage by 9.5%. Temperature variability alone does not significantly affect carbon storage. The effect of CO2 fertilization alone increases total carbon storage by 4.4%. The effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate variability are not additive. Interactions among CO2, temperature and precipitation increase total carbon storage by 1.1%. Our study also shows substantial year-to-year variations in net carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems due to climate variability. Since the 1960s, we estimate these terrestrial ecosystems have acted primarily as a sink of atmospheric CO2 as a result of wetter weather and higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. For the 1980s, we estimate the natural terrestrial ecosystems, excluding cropland and urban areas, of the conterminous US have accumulated 78.2 Tg C yr-1 because of the combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate variability. For the conterminous US, we estimate that the conversion of natural ecosystems to cropland and urban areas has caused a 18.2% (17.7 Pg C) reduction in total carbon storage from that estimated for potential vegetation. The carbon sink capacity of natural terrestrial ecosystems in the conterminous US is about 69% of that estimated for potential vegetation.","language":"English","publisher":"Tellus Journals","doi":"10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16318","issn":"02806509","usgsCitation":"Tian, H., Melillo, J.M., Kicklighter, D., McGuire, A., and Helfrich, J., 1999, The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to historical climate variability and atmospheric CO2 in the United States: Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, v. 51, no. 2, p. 414-452, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16318.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"414","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":496148,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v51i2.16318","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229629,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb00ce4b08c986b324bc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Helfrich, J.","contributorId":11346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helfrich","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021776,"text":"70021776 - 1999 - Responses of riparian cottonwoods to alluvial water table declines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021776","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of riparian cottonwoods to alluvial water table declines","docAbstract":"Human demands for surface and shallow alluvial groundwater have contributed to the loss, fragmentation, and simplification of riparian ecosystems. Populus species typically dominate riparian ecosystems throughout arid and semiarid regions of North American and efforts to minimize loss of riparian Populus requires an integrated understanding of the role of surface and groundwater dynamics in the establishment of new, and maintenance of existing, stands. In a controlled, whole-stand field experiment, we quantified responses of Populus morphology, growth, and mortality to water stress resulting from sustained water table decline following in-channel sand mining along an ephemeral sandbed stream in eastern Colorado, USA. We measured live crown volume, radial stem growth, annual branch increment, and mortality of 689 live Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera stems over four years in conjunction with localized water table declines. Measurements began one year prior to mining and included trees in both affected and unaffected areas. Populus demonstrated a threshold response to water table declines in medium alluvial sands; sustained declines ???1 m produced leaf desiccation and branch dieback within three weeks and significant declines in live crown volume, stem growth, and 88% mortality over a three-year period. Declines in live Crown volume proved to be a significant leading indicator of mortality in the following year. A logistic regression of tree survival probability against the prior year's live crown volume was significant (-2 log likelihood = 270, ??2 with 1 df = 232, P < 0.0001) and trees with absolute declines in live crown volume of ???30 during one year had survival probabilities <0.5 in the following year. In contrast, more gradual water table declines of ~0.5 m had no measurable effect on mortality, stem growth, or live crown volume and produced significant declines only in annual branch growth increments. Developing quantitative information on the timing and extent of morphological responses and mortality of Populus to the rate, depth, and duration of water table declines can assist in the design of management prescriptions to minimize impacts of alluvial groundwater depletion on existing riparian Populus forests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag New York","publisherLocation":"Secaucus, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1007/s002679900191","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Shafroth, P., and Auble, G., 1999, Responses of riparian cottonwoods to alluvial water table declines: Environmental Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 347-358, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900191.","startPage":"347","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206399,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900191"},{"id":229630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaa8e4b0c8380cd86465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021176,"text":"70021176 - 1999 - Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:59:33.617181","indexId":"70021176","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","docAbstract":"

Broadband teleseismic P waves have been analyzed to recover the rupture history of the large (MS 7.4) Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, shallow interplate thrust earthquake of 9 October 1995. Ground-displacement records in the period range of 1-60 sec are inverted using a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion procedure that allows a variable dislocation duration on a prescribed fault. The method is applied using both a narrow fault that simulates a line source with a dislocation window of 50 sec and a wide fault with a possible rise time of up to 20 sec that additionally allows slip updip and downdip from the hypocenter. The line-source analysis provides a spatio-temporal image of the slip distribution consisting of several large sources located northwest of the hypocenter and spanning a range of rupture velocities. The two-dimensional finite-fault inversion allows slip over this rupture-velocity range and indicates that the greatest coseismic displacement (3-4 m) is located between 70 and 130 km from the hypocenter at depths shallower than about 15 km. Slip in this shallow region consists of two major sources, one of which is delayed by about 10 sec relative to a coherent propagation of rupture along the plate interface. These two slip sources account for about one-third of the total P-wave seismic moment of 8.3 × 1027 dyne-cm (Mw 7.9) and may have been responsible for the local tsunami observed along the coast following the earthquake.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890051338","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Hartzell, S., 1999, Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 5, p. 1338-1344, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890051338.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1338","endPage":"1344","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colima-Jalisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.78869116413276,\n 21.582530484506776\n ],\n [\n -106.78869116413276,\n 18.46571607739685\n ],\n [\n -102.24035132038269,\n 18.46571607739685\n ],\n [\n -102.24035132038269,\n 21.582530484506776\n ],\n [\n -106.78869116413276,\n 21.582530484506776\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f21e4b0c8380cd537ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021777,"text":"70021777 - 1999 - Testing earthquake prediction algorithms: Statistically significant advance prediction of the largest earthquakes in the Circum-Pacific, 1992-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-22T15:35:48","indexId":"70021777","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing earthquake prediction algorithms: Statistically significant advance prediction of the largest earthquakes in the Circum-Pacific, 1992-1997","docAbstract":"Algorithms M8 and MSc (i.e., the Mendocino Scenario) were used in a real-time intermediate-term research prediction of the strongest earthquakes in the Circum-Pacific seismic belt. Predictions are made by M8 first. Then, the areas of alarm are reduced by MSc at the cost that some earthquakes are missed in the second approximation of prediction. In 1992-1997, five earthquakes of magnitude 8 and above occurred in the test area: all of them were predicted by M8 and MSc identified correctly the locations of four of them. The space-time volume of the alarms is 36% and 18%, correspondingly, when estimated with a normalized product measure of empirical distribution of epicenters and uniform time. The statistical significance of the achieved results is beyond 99% both for M8 and MSc. For magnitude 7.5 + , 10 out of 19 earthquakes were predicted by M8 in 40% and five were predicted by M8-MSc in 13% of the total volume considered. This implies a significance level of 81% for M8 and 92% for M8-MSc. The lower significance levels might result from a global change in seismic regime in 1993-1996, when the rate of the largest events has doubled and all of them become exclusively normal or reversed faults. The predictions are fully reproducible; the algorithms M8 and MSc in complete formal definitions were published before we started our experiment [Keilis-Borok, V.I., Kossobokov, V.G., 1990. Premonitory activation of seismic flow: Algorithm M8, Phys. Earth and Planet. Inter. 61, 73-83; Kossobokov, V.G., Keilis-Borok, V.I., Smith, S.W., 1990. Localization of intermediate-term earthquake prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 19763-19772; Healy, J.H., Kossobokov, V.G., Dewey, J.W., 1992. A test to evaluate the earthquake prediction algorithm, M8. U.S. Geol. Surv. OFR 92-401]. M8 is available from the IASPEI Software Library [Healy, J.H., Keilis-Borok, V.I., Lee, W.H.K. (Eds.), 1997. Algorithms for Earthquake Statistics and Prediction, Vol. 6. IASPEI Software Library]. ?? 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00159-9","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Kossobokov, V., Romashkova, L., Keilis-Borok, V.I., and Healy, J.H., 1999, Testing earthquake prediction algorithms: Statistically significant advance prediction of the largest earthquakes in the Circum-Pacific, 1992-1997: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 111, no. 3-4, p. 187-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00159-9.","startPage":"187","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266259,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9201(98)00159-9"}],"volume":"111","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c2e4b08c986b320c67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kossobokov, V.G.","contributorId":105449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kossobokov","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romashkova, L.L.","contributorId":47108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romashkova","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keilis-Borok, V. I.","contributorId":46244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keilis-Borok","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021778,"text":"70021778 - 1999 - Grenville age of basement rocks in Cape May NJ well: New evidence for Laurentian crust in U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain basement Chesapeake terrane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70021778","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grenville age of basement rocks in Cape May NJ well: New evidence for Laurentian crust in U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain basement Chesapeake terrane","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake terrane of the U.S. mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain basement is bounded on the northwest by the Salisbury positive gravity and magnetic anomaly and extends to the southeast as far as the Atlantic coast. It underlies the Coastal Plain of Virginia, Maryland, Delaware and southern New Jersey. Rubidium/Strontium dating of the Chesapeake terrane basement yields an age of 1.025 ?? 0.036 Ga. This age is typical of Grenville province rocks of the Middle to Late Proterozoic Laurentian continent. The basement lithologies are similar to some exposed Grenville-age rocks of the Appalachians. The TiO2 and Zr/P2O5 composition of the metagabbro from the Chesapeake terrane basement is overlapped by those of the Proterozoic mafic dikes in the New Jersey Highlands. These new findings support the interpretation that Laurentian basement extends southeast as far as the continental shelf in the U.S. mid-Atlantic region. The subcrop of Laurentian crust under the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain implies unroofing by erosion of the younger Carolina (Avalon) supracrustal terrane. Dextral-transpression fault duplexes may have caused excessive uplift in the Salisbury Embayment area during the Alleghanian orogeny. This extra uplift in the Salisbury area may have caused the subsequent greater subsidence of the Coastal Plain basement in the embayment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0264-3707(98)00015-5","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Sheridan, R.E., Maguire, T., Feigenson, M., Patino, L., and Volkert, R., 1999, Grenville age of basement rocks in Cape May NJ well: New evidence for Laurentian crust in U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain basement Chesapeake terrane: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 27, no. 4-5, p. 623-633, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(98)00015-5.","startPage":"623","endPage":"633","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(98)00015-5"},{"id":229083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a6ee4b0c8380cd5b18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maguire, T.J.","contributorId":82512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feigenson, M.D.","contributorId":65641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, L.C.","contributorId":59208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021779,"text":"70021779 - 1999 - Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) image calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T08:35:17","indexId":"70021779","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) image calibration","docAbstract":"

The Imager for Mars Pathfinder returned over 16,000 high-quality images from the surface of Mars. The camera was well-calibrated in the laboratory, with <5% radiometric uncertainty. The photometric properties of two radiometric targets were also measured with 3% uncertainty. Several data sets acquired during the cruise and on Mars confirm that the system operated nominally throughout the course of the mission. Image calibration algorithms were developed for landed operations to correct instrumental sources of noise and to calibrate images relative to observations of the radiometric targets. The uncertainties associated with these algorithms as well as current improvements to image calibration are discussed.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1998JE900011","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Reid, R., Smith, P.H., Lemmon, M., Tanner, R., Burkland, M., Wegryn, E., Weinberg, J., Marcialis, R., Britt, D., Thomas, N., Kramm, R., Dummel, A., Crowe, D., Bos, B., Bell, J., Rueffer, P., Gliem, F., Johnson, J.R., Maki, J., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Singer, R.B., 1999, Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) image calibration: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8907-8925, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JE900011.","productDescription":"19p.","startPage":"8907","endPage":"8925","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998je900011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a387ae4b0c8380cd615a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, R.J.","contributorId":88899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, P. H.","contributorId":94058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lemmon, M.","contributorId":65628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemmon","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, R.","contributorId":93229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burkland, M.","contributorId":18126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkland","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wegryn, E.","contributorId":92449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wegryn","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weinberg, J.","contributorId":10183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marcialis, R.","contributorId":79648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcialis","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Britt, D.T.","contributorId":72150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britt","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kramm, R.","contributorId":78105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kramm","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Dummel, A.","contributorId":82872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dummel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Crowe, D.","contributorId":27215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bos, B.J.","contributorId":54756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bos","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Bell, J.F. III","contributorId":97612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.F.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Rueffer, P.","contributorId":94059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rueffer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gliem, F.","contributorId":86133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gliem","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Maki, J.N.","contributorId":11356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"J.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Singer, Robert B.","contributorId":16166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70021797,"text":"70021797 - 1999 - Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Global pattern and differentiation by major biomes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021797","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Global pattern and differentiation by major biomes","docAbstract":"Annual and seasonal net primary productivity estimates (NPP) of 15 global models across latitudinal zones and biomes are compared. The models simulated NPP for contemporary climate using common, spatially explicit data sets for climate, soil texture, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Differences among NPP estimates varied over space and time. The largest differences occur during the summer months in boreal forests (50??to 60??N) and during the dry seasons of tropical evergreen forests. Differences in NPP estimates are related to model assumptions about vegetation structure, model parameterizations, and input data sets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Change Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00003.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Kicklighter, D., Bondeau, A., Schloss, A.L., Kaduk, J., and McGuire, A., 1999, Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Global pattern and differentiation by major biomes: Global Change Biology, v. 5, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 16-24, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00003.x.","startPage":"16","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00003.x"},{"id":229406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f833e4b0c8380cd4cf36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bondeau, A.","contributorId":72151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bondeau","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloss, A. L.","contributorId":15774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schloss","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaduk, J.","contributorId":105462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaduk","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021798,"text":"70021798 - 1999 - Accretion in the wake of terrane collision: The Neogene accretionary wedge off Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:44:46","indexId":"70021798","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accretion in the wake of terrane collision: The Neogene accretionary wedge off Kenai Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"Subduction accretion and repeated terrane collision shaped the Alaskan convergent margin. The Yakutat Terrane is currently colliding with the continental margin below the central Gulf of Alaska. During the Neogene the terrane's western part was subducted after which a sediment wedge accreted along the northeast Aleutian Trench. This wedge incorporates sediment eroded from the continental margin and marine sediments carried into the subduction zone on the Pacific plate. Prestack depth migration was performed on six seismic reflection lines to resolve the structure within this accretionary wedge and its backstop. The lateral extent of the structures is constrained by high-resolution swath bathymetry and seismic lines collected along strike. Accretionary structure consists of variably sized thrust slices that were deformed against a backstop during frontal accretion and underplating. Toward the northeast the lower slope steepens, the wedge narrows, and the accreted volume decreases notwith-standing a doubling of sediments thickness in the trench. In the northeasternmost transect, near the area where the terrane's trailing edge subducts, no frontal accretion is observed and the slope is eroded. The structures imaged along the seismic lines discussed here most likely result from progressive evolution from erosion to accretion, as the trailing edge of the Yakutat Terrane is subducting.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1998TC900021","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Fruehn, J., von Huene, R.E., and Fisher, M.A., 1999, Accretion in the wake of terrane collision: The Neogene accretionary wedge off Kenai Peninsula, Alaska: Tectonics, v. 18, no. 2, p. 263-277, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998TC900021.","startPage":"263","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487417,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998tc900021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206318,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998TC900021"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e670e4b0c8380cd4741a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fruehn, J.","contributorId":92007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fruehn","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021800,"text":"70021800 - 1999 - ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:35:46","indexId":"70021800","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States","docAbstract":"

Frequency distributions of daily precipitation in winter and daily stream flow from late winter to early summer, at several hundred sites in the western United States, exhibit strong and systematic responses to the two phases of ENSO. Most of the stream flows considered are driven by snowmelt. The Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is used as the ENSO phase indicator. Both modest (median) and larger (90th percentile) events were considered. In years with negative SOI values (El Nino), days with high daily precipitation and stream flow are more frequent than average over the Southwest and less frequent over the Northwest. During years with positive SOI values (La Nina), a nearly opposite pattern is seen. A more pronounced increase is seen in the number of days exceeding climatological 90th percentile values than in the number exceeding climatological 50th percentile values, for both precipitation and stream flow. Stream flow responses to ENSO extremes are accentuated over precipitation responses. Evidence suggests that the mechanism for this amplification involves ENSO-phase differences in the persistence and duration of wet episodes, affecting the efficiency of the process by which precipitation is converted to runoff. The SOI leads the precipitation events by several months, and hydrologic lags (mostly through snowmelt) dealy the stream flow response by several more months. The combined 6-12 month predictive aspect of this relationship should be of significant benefit in responding to flood (or drought) risk and in improving overall water management in the western states.Frequency distributions of daily precipitation in winter and daily stream flow from late winter to early summer, at several hundred sites in the western United States, exhibit strong and systematic responses to the two phases of ENSO. Most of the stream flows considered are driven by snowmelt. The Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is used as the ENSO phase indicator. Both modest (median) and larger (90th percentile) events were considered. In years with negative SOI values (El Nino), days with high daily precipitation and stream flow are more frequent than average over the Southwest and less frequent over the Northwest. During years with positive SOI values (La Nina), a nearly opposite pattern is seen. A more pronounced increase is seen in the number of days exceeding climatological 90th percentile values than in the number exceeding climatological 50th percentile values, for both precipitation and stream flow. Stream flow responses to ENSO extremes are accentuated over precipitation responses. Evidence suggests that the mechanism for this amplification involves ENSO-phase differences in the persistence and duration of wet episodes, affecting the efficiency of the process by which precipitation is converted to runoff. The SOI leads the precipitation events by several months, and hydrologic lags (mostly through snowmelt) delay the stream flow response by several more months. The combined 6-12-month predictive aspect of this relationship should be of significant benefit in responding to flood (or drought) risk and in improving overall water management in the western states.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Redmond, K., and Riddle, L., 1999, ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 12, no. 9, p. 2881-2893.","startPage":"2881","endPage":"2893","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0461e4b0c8380cd50952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redmond, K.T.","contributorId":12865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, L.G.","contributorId":66439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021802,"text":"70021802 - 1999 - Tectonic and regional metamorphic implications of the discovery of Middle Ordovician conodonts in cover rocks east of the Green Mountain massif, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T03:28:49.366061","indexId":"70021802","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic and regional metamorphic implications of the discovery of Middle Ordovician conodonts in cover rocks east of the Green Mountain massif, Vermont","docAbstract":"

Middle Ordovician (late Arenigian - early Caradocian) conodonts were recovered from a dolostone lens in carbonaceous schist 30 m below the base of the Pinney Hollow Formation in the Eastern Cover sequence near West Bridgewater, Vermont. These are the first reported fossils from the metamorphic cover sequence rocks east of the Green Mountain, Berkshire, and Housatonic massifs of western New England. The conodonts are recrystallized, coated with graphitic matter, thermally altered to a color alteration index (CAI) of at least 5, and tectonically deformed. The faunule is nearly monospecific, consisting of abundant Periodon aculeatus Hadding? and rare Protopanderodus. The preponderance of Periodon and the absence of warm, shallow-water species characteristic of the North American Midcontinent Conodont Province suggest a slope or basin depositional setting. The conodont-bearing carbonaceous schist is traceable 3 km southeast to the Plymouth area, where it had been designated the uppermost member of the Plymouth Formation, previously regarded as Early Cambrian in age. The age and structural position of the carbonaceous schist above dolostones of the Plymouth Formation but below the Pinney Hollow Formation (upper Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian?) suggest that this unit may be correlative or time transgressive with the Ira Formation, which underlies the Taconic allochthons in the Vermont Valley. Such a correlation supports the concept of placing the western limit of the root zone of the Taconic allochthons beneath the Pinney Hollow Formation. An approximate absolute age assignment for the conodont-bearing rock is between 470 and 454 Ma. This suggests that dynamothermal metamorphism during the Taconian orogeny on the east flank of the Green Mountains was younger than early Caradocian, which is in accord with the middle Caradocian age of the Ira Formation west of the Green Mountain massif.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e99-009","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., Harris, A., and Walsh, G., 1999, Tectonic and regional metamorphic implications of the discovery of Middle Ordovician conodonts in cover rocks east of the Green Mountain massif, Vermont: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 36, no. 3, p. 371-382, https://doi.org/10.1139/e99-009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Green Mountain Massif","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.27078354898968,\n 42.74121278979263\n ],\n [\n -72.46389730468489,\n 42.72385391244967\n ],\n [\n -72.4909060492644,\n 42.77343781422945\n ],\n [\n -72.53479525920545,\n 42.810599709765626\n ],\n [\n -72.55167572456786,\n 42.862588874493554\n ],\n [\n -72.5111626076986,\n 42.89722401655618\n ],\n [\n -72.51453870077124,\n 42.95655331033336\n ],\n [\n -72.4335124670336,\n 42.983726805246505\n ],\n [\n -72.45714511854044,\n 43.04790733964663\n ],\n [\n -72.47064949083018,\n 43.22282782139749\n ],\n [\n -72.44701683932335,\n 43.326066342279944\n ],\n [\n -72.5111626076986,\n 43.529570189273386\n ],\n [\n -72.83526754264925,\n 43.637174220458775\n ],\n [\n -73.25390308362732,\n 43.529570189273386\n ],\n [\n -73.2809118282068,\n 42.852689548715034\n ],\n [\n -73.30116838664101,\n 42.81802941119153\n ],\n [\n -73.27078354898968,\n 42.74121278979263\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba452e4b08c986b320256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walsh, G. J. 0000-0003-4264-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":47409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022039,"text":"70022039 - 1999 - Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:30:39","indexId":"70022039","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed","docAbstract":"

Velocity fluctuations in a steep, coarse‐bedded river were measured in flow depths ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 m, with mean velocities at middepth from 1.1 to 3.1 m s−1. Analyses of synchronous velocity records for two and three points in the vertical showed a broad range of high coherence for wave periods from 10 to 100 s, centering around 10–30 s. Streamwise correlations over distances of 9 and 14 m showed convection velocities near mean velocity for the same wave periods. The range of coherent wave periods was a small multiple of predicted “boil” periods. Correlative fluctuations in synchronous velocity records in the vertical direction suggested the blending of short pulses into longer wave periods. The highest spectral densities were measured beyond the range of coherent wave periods and were probably induced by migration of low‐relief bed forms.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900038","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R.L., 1999, Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 569-582, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900038.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"582","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc52e4b0c8380cd4e214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021803,"text":"70021803 - 1999 - Methane flux in subalpine wetland and unsaturated soils in the southern Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T20:56:06","indexId":"70021803","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane flux in subalpine wetland and unsaturated soils in the southern Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"Methane exchange between the atmosphere and subalpine wetland and unsaturated soils was evaluated over a 15-month period during 1995-1996. Four vegetation community types along a moisture gradient (wetland, moist-grassy, moist-mossy, and dry) were included in a 100 m sampling transect situated at 3200 m elevation in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Methane fluxes and soil temperature were measured during snow-free and snow-covered periods, and soil moisture content was measured during snow-free periods. The range of mean measured fluxes through all seasons (a positive value represents CH4 efflux to the atmosphere) were: 0.3 to 29.2 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1 wetland area; 0.1 to 1.8 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1, moist-grassy area; -0.04 to 0.7 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1, moist-mossy area; and -0.6 to 0 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1, dry area. Methane efflux was significantly correlated with soil temperature (5 cm) at the continuously saturated wetland area during snow-free periods. Consumption of atmospheric methane was significantly correlated with moisture content in the upper 5 cm of soil at the dry area. A model based on the wetland flux-temperature relationship estimated an annual methane emission of 2.53 mol CH4 m-2 from the wetland. Estimates of annual methane flux based on field measurements at the other sites were 0.12 mol CH4 m-2, moist-grassy area; 0.03 mol CH4 m-2, moist-mossy area; and -0.04 mol CH4 m-2, dry area. Methane fluxes during snow-covered periods were responsible for 25, 73, 23, and 43% of the annual fluxes at the wetland, moist-grassy, moist-mossy, and dry sites, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/1998GB900003","issn":"08866236","usgsCitation":"Wickland, K., Striegl, R.G., Schmidt, S., and Mast, M., 1999, Methane flux in subalpine wetland and unsaturated soils in the southern Rocky Mountains: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 13, no. 1, p. 101-113, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GB900003.","startPage":"101","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479650,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998gb900003","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206344,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998GB900003"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5524e4b0c8380cd6d13a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wickland, K.P. 0000-0002-6400-0590","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":10786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, S.K.","contributorId":58412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021804,"text":"70021804 - 1999 - Voluminous volcanism on early mars revealed in valles marineris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021804","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Voluminous volcanism on early mars revealed in valles marineris","docAbstract":"The relative rates and importance of impact cratering, volcanism, erosion, and the deposition of sediments to the early geological history of Mars are poorly known. That history is recorded in the upper crust of the planet, which is best exposed along the 4,000km-long canyon system called Valles Marineris. Previous studies of the stratigraphy of this region have assumed that it consists of megabreccia and fractured bedrock resulting from impacts, overlain by or interbedded with relatively thin layers of lava, and with the layering restricted to the uppermost level of the crust. Here we report new high-resolution images that reveal ubiquitous horizontal layering to depths of at least 8 km in the canyons. Megabreccia should be only coarsely layered and fractured bedrock should be unlayered, so these observations indicate that volcanic or sedimentary processes were much more important in early martian history than previously believed. Morphological and compositional data suggest that the layers were formed mainly by volcanic flood lavas. Mars was therefore probably very volcanically active during at least the first billion years and after the period when the heaviest impact bombardment had ended.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/17539","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Malin, M.C., Carr, M.H., and Hartmann, W., 1999, Voluminous volcanism on early mars revealed in valles marineris: Nature, v. 397, no. 6720, p. 584-586, https://doi.org/10.1038/17539.","startPage":"584","endPage":"586","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206345,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/17539"},{"id":229489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"397","issue":"6720","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc36de4b08c986b32b18c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malin, M. C.","contributorId":68830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hartmann, W.K.","contributorId":96002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartmann","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021806,"text":"70021806 - 1999 - Mid-Pleistocene cosmogenic minimum-age limits for pre-Wisconsinan glacial surfaces in southwestern Minnesota and southern Baffin Island: A multiple nuclide approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021806","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-Pleistocene cosmogenic minimum-age limits for pre-Wisconsinan glacial surfaces in southwestern Minnesota and southern Baffin Island: A multiple nuclide approach","docAbstract":"Paired 10Be and 26Al analyses (n = 14) indicate that pre-Wisconsinan, glaciated bedrock surfaces near the northern (Baffin Island) and southern (Minnesota) paleo-margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet have long and complex histories of cosmic-ray exposure, including significant periods of partial or complete shielding from cosmic rays. Using the ratio, 26Al/10Be, we calculate that striated outcrops of Sioux Quartzite in southwestern Minnesota (southern margin) were last overrun by ice at least 500,000 years ago. Weathered bedrock tors on the once-glaciated uplands of Baffin Island (northern margin) are eroding no faster than 1.1 m Myr-1, the equivalent of at least 450,000 years of surface and near-surface exposure. Our data demonstrate that exposure ages and erosion rates calculated from single nuclides can underestimate surface stability dramatically because any intermittent burial, and the resultant lowering of nuclide production rates and nuclide abundances, will remain undetected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00088-9","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Bierman, P., Marsella, K., Patterson, C., Davis, P., and Caffee, M., 1999, Mid-Pleistocene cosmogenic minimum-age limits for pre-Wisconsinan glacial surfaces in southwestern Minnesota and southern Baffin Island: A multiple nuclide approach: Geomorphology, v. 27, no. 1-2, p. 25-39, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00088-9.","startPage":"25","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206358,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00088-9"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56bce4b0c8380cd6d7bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bierman, P.R.","contributorId":49145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bierman","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsella, K.A.","contributorId":66969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsella","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Chris","contributorId":84167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, P.T.","contributorId":71695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caffee, M.","contributorId":86518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021808,"text":"70021808 - 1999 - A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:43:42","indexId":"70021808","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

A five-year dissolved Cd time series from San Francisco Bay and adjacent coastal water shows that the composition of surface water towards the mouth of the estuary is determined largely by the effect of coastal upwelling. Cd concentrations inside and outside the estuary (0.2-1.0 nmol/kg) increase as Cd-rich deep water is advected to the surface near the coast during spring and summer. On average, the mean Cd concentrations inside San Francisco Bay (0.54 nmol/kg) during 1991-1995 was significantly higher than outside (0.35 nmol/kg), however. Surface samples collected throughout San Francisco Bay confirm an internal Cd source unrelated to river discharge. The Cd content of the test of a benthic foraminifer (Elphidiella hannai) in a dated sediment core from San Francisco Bay was measured to determine if the water column Cd enrichments in San Francisco Bay could be related to the rapid development of the watershed. The method is based on the observation that the Cd/Ca ratio of carefully cleaned tests of foraminifera is, determined by the dissolved Cd content of overlying water at the time of test formation. Pre-industrial foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios in the sediment core average 274 ?? 15 nmol/mol (n = 19) nmol/mol. Foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios increased to 386 ?? 33 nmol/mol (n = 19) over the past several decades indicating a 40% increase in the mean Cd content of surface water in Central San Francisco Bay. We suggest that, in addition to Cd discharges into the estuary, indirect consequences of agricultural development in the Central Valley of California could have contributed to this increase. This new method to reconstruct estuarine contamination is not affected by some of the processes that complicate the interpretation of changes in bulk sediment metal concentrations.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00084-X","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Luoma, S., 1999, A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00084-X.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(98)00084-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206371,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00084-X"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53ce4b0c8380cd46c0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021809,"text":"70021809 - 1999 - The search for a source rock for the giant Tar Sand triangle accumulation, southeastern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:49:21.418653","indexId":"70021809","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The search for a source rock for the giant Tar Sand triangle accumulation, southeastern Utah","docAbstract":"

A large proportion (about 36%) of the world’s oil resource is contained in accumulations of heavy oil or tar. In these large deposits of degraded oil, the oil in place represents only a fraction of what was present at the time of accumulation. In many of these deposits, the source of the oil is unknown, and the oil is thought to have migrated over long distances to the reservoirs. The Tar Sand triangle in southeastern Utah contains the largest tar sand accumulation in the United States, with 6.3 billion bbl of heavy oil estimated to be in place. The deposit is thought to have originally contained 13-16 billion bbl prior to the biodegradation, water washing, and erosion that have taken place since the middle-late Tertiary. The source of the oil is unknown.

The tar is primarily contained within the Lower Permian White Rim Sandstone, but extends into permeable parts of overlying and underlying beds. Oil is interpreted to have migrated into the White Rim sometime during the Tertiary when the formation was at a depth of approximately 3500 m. This conclusion is based on integration of fluid inclusion analysis, time-temperature reconstruction, and apatite fission-track modeling for the White Rim Sandstone. Homogenization temperatures cluster around 85-90°C for primary fluid inclusions in authigenic, nonferroan dolomite in the White Rim. The fluid inclusions are associated with fluorescent oil-bearing inclusions, indicating that dolomite precipitation was coeval with oil migration. Burial reconstruction suggests that the White Rim Sand stone reached its maximum burial depth from 60 to 24 Ma, and that maximum burial was followed by unroofing from 24 to 0 Ma. Time-temperature modeling indicates that the formation experienced temperatures of 85-90°C from about 35 to 40 Ma during maximum burial. Maximum formation temperatures of about 105-110°C were reached at about 24 Ma, just prior to unroofing.

Thermal modeling is used to examine the history of potential source rocks for the White Rim oil. The most attractive potential sources for White Rim oil include beds within one or more of the following formations: the Proterozoic Chuar Group, which is present in the subsurface southwest of the Tar Sand triangle; the Mississippian Delle Phosphatic Member of the Deseret Limestone and equivalent formations, the Permian Kaibab Limestone, the Sinbad Limestone Member of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation, and the Jurassic Arapien Shale, Twin Creek Limestone, and Carmel Formation, which are present west of the Tar Sand triangle; the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation in the Paradox basin east of the Tar Sand triangle; and the Permian Park City Formation northwest of the Tar Sand triangle. Each formation has a high total organic carbon content and is distributed over a wide enough geographic area to have provided a huge volume of oil. Source beds in all of the formations reached thermal maturity at times prior to or during the time that migration into the White Rim is interpreted to have occurred. Based on all available data, the most likely source for the Tar Sand triangle appears to be the Mississippian Delle Phosphatic Member of the Deseret Limestone. Secondary migration out of the Delle is interpreted to have occurred during the Cretaceous, during Sevier thrusting. Subsequent tertiary migration into the Tar Sand triangle reservoir is interpreted to have occurred later, during middle Tertiary Laramide deformation. 

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/00AA9BD8-1730-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Huntoon, J.E., Hansley, P., and Naeser, N.D., 1999, The search for a source rock for the giant Tar Sand triangle accumulation, southeastern Utah: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 83, no. 3, p. 467-495, https://doi.org/10.1306/00AA9BD8-1730-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.40307140277676,\n 38.245591077835826\n ],\n [\n -110.40307140277676,\n 37.840235115054426\n ],\n [\n -109.91648969374877,\n 37.840235115054426\n ],\n [\n -109.91648969374877,\n 38.245591077835826\n ],\n [\n -110.40307140277676,\n 38.245591077835826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafbfe4b08c986b324a00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntoon, J. E.","contributorId":98060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntoon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansley, P. L.","contributorId":82299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansley","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, N. D.","contributorId":74510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021810,"text":"70021810 - 1999 - Influence of the Atlantic inflow and Mediterranean outflow currents on late Quaternary sedimentary facies of the Gulf of Cadiz continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021810","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of the Atlantic inflow and Mediterranean outflow currents on late Quaternary sedimentary facies of the Gulf of Cadiz continental margin","docAbstract":"The late Quaternary pattern of sedimentary facies on the Spanish Gulf of Cadiz continental shelf results from an interaction between a number of controlling factors that are dominated by the Atlantic inflow currents flowing southeastward across the Cadiz shelf toward the Strait of Gibraltar. An inner shelf shoreface sand facies formed by shoaling waves is modified by the inflow currents to form a belt of sand dunes at 10-20 m that extends deeper and obliquely down paleo-valleys as a result of southward down-valley flow. A mid-shelf Holocene mud facies progrades offshore from river mouth sources, but Atlantic inflow currents cause extensive progradation along shelf toward the southeast. Increased inflow current speeds near the Strait of Gibraltar and the strong Mediterranean outflow currents there result in lack of mud deposition and development of a reworked transgressive sand dune facies across the entire southernmost shelf. At the outer shelf edge and underlying the mid-shelf mud and inner shelf sand facies is a late Pleistocene to Holocene transgressive sand sheet formed by the eustatic shoreline advance. The late Quaternary pattern of contourite deposits on the Spanish Gulf of Cadiz continental slope results from an interaction between linear diapiric ridges that are oblique to slope contours and the Mediterranean outflow current flowing northwestward parallel to the slope contours and down valleys between the ridges. Coincident with the northwestward decrease in outflow current speeds from the Strait there is the following northwestward gradation of contourite sediment facies: (1) upper slope sand to silt bed facies, (2) sand dune facies on the upstream mid-slope terrace, (3) large mud wave facies on the lower slope, (4) sediment drift facies banked against the diapiric ridges, and (5) valley facies between the ridges. The southeastern sediment drift facies closest to Gibraltar contains medium-fine sand beds interbedded with mud. The adjacent valley floor facies is composed of gravelly, shelly coarse to medium sand lags and large sand dunes on the valley margins. By comparison, the northwestern drift contains coarse silt interbeds and the adjacent valley floors exhibit small to medium sand dunes of fine sand. Because of the complex pattern of contour-parallel and valley-perpendicular flow paths of the Mediterranean outflow current, the larger-scale bedforms and coarser-grained sediment of valley facies trend perpendicular to the smaller-scale bedforms and finer-grained contourite deposits of adjacent sediment drift facies. Radiocarbon ages verify that the inner shelf shoreface sand facies (sedimentation rate 7.1 cm/kyr), mid-shelf mud facies (maximum rate 234 cm/kyr) and surface sandy contourite layer of 0.2-1.2 m thickness on the Cadiz slope (1-12 cm/kyr) have deposited during Holocene time when high sea level results in maximum water depth over the Gibraltar sill and full development of the Atlantic inflow and Mediterranean outflow currents. The transgressive sand sheet of the shelf, and the mud layer underlying the surface contourite sand sheet of the slope, correlate, respectively, with the late Pleistocene sea level lowstand and apparent weak Mediterranean outflow current.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00143-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., Baraza, J., Maldonado, A., Rodero, J., Escutia, C., and Barber, J.H., 1999, Influence of the Atlantic inflow and Mediterranean outflow currents on late Quaternary sedimentary facies of the Gulf of Cadiz continental margin: Marine Geology, v. 155, no. 1-2, p. 99-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00143-1.","startPage":"99","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206381,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00143-1"},{"id":229596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b85e4b0c8380cd625ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baraza, J.","contributorId":12200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baraza","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maldonado, A.","contributorId":90437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodero, J.","contributorId":64417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodero","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Escutia, C.","contributorId":88514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Escutia","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":82275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021811,"text":"70021811 - 1999 - Temporal and spatial variability of the sediment grain-size distribution on the Eel shelf: The flood layer of 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021811","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variability of the sediment grain-size distribution on the Eel shelf: The flood layer of 1995","docAbstract":"Sediment grain-size characteristics observed on the Eel shelf have been analyzed using a wet-sieving technique that minimizes breakage of aggregates. At several sites on the 70-m isobath north of the river, where a 1995 flood layer attained a maximum thickness of about 9 cm, replicate box cores were collected on seven cruises during February 1995 to January 1997. These samples provide a unique opportunity to follow the evolution of a flood layer over a two-year period as it was modified and gradually buried. One month after the flood, a layer of tan-colored, high-porosity sediment with up to 96% of its particles in the size range of 0-20 ??m had accumulated on the central part of the shelf, 7-30 km north of the river and principally between the 50-m and 90-m isobaths. Substantial coarsening of this layer occurred between February 1995 and May 1995, particularly along the southern and the landward edge of the deposit in water depths of <70 m. The early stage of coarsening was probably caused by physical reworking of the surface 0.5-cm of the deposit and by addition of new sediment from shallower regions of the shelf. Temporal changes in inventories of several grain-size fractions show that physical processes continued to add coarse sediment to the flood layer after May 1995, but the large increases in thickness of the surface mixed layer could only be attributed to bioturbation by a recovering, or seasonally fluctuating, benthic community. The 1995 flood layer has evolved from exhibiting limited variability and normal grading (i:e., upward fining) to a layer that (1) shows significant spatial variability on scales from centimeters to 10's of meters, (2) is substantially coarser owing to additions of sediment from the inner shelf, (3) is inversely graded (i.e., coarsens upward), and (4) is intensely bioturbated to depths of 4-5 cm.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00111-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., 1999, Temporal and spatial variability of the sediment grain-size distribution on the Eel shelf: The flood layer of 1995: Marine Geology, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 169-182, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00111-X.","startPage":"169","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206382,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00111-X"},{"id":229597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4f6e4b08c986b3206df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021813,"text":"70021813 - 1999 - Late Holocene stratigraphy of the Tetimpa archaeological sites, northeast flank of Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:36:14.470811","indexId":"70021813","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene stratigraphy of the Tetimpa archaeological sites, northeast flank of Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico","docAbstract":"

Late Holocene (<2500 yr B.P.) tephras bury a sequence of pre-Hispanic archaeological sites in the Tetimpa area, on the northeast flank of Popocatépetl volcano. From measured stratigraphic sections, 14C dates, and isopach maps, this paper reconstructs the eruptive chronology and the regional extent of deposits associated with the Tetimpa archaeological sites.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0204:LHSOTT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Panfil, M., Gardner, T., and Hirth, K., 1999, Late Holocene stratigraphy of the Tetimpa archaeological sites, northeast flank of Popocatepetl volcano, central Mexico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 2, p. 204-218, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0204:LHSOTT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44ebe4b0c8380cd66ecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panfil, M.S.","contributorId":10182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panfil","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, T.W.","contributorId":34675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirth, K.G.","contributorId":49130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirth","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021814,"text":"70021814 - 1999 - Basin waves on a seafloor recording of the 1990 Upland, California, earthquake: Implications for ground motions from a larger earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:44:57.939754","indexId":"70021814","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basin waves on a seafloor recording of the 1990 Upland, California, earthquake: Implications for ground motions from a larger earthquake","docAbstract":"

The velocity and displacement time series from a recording on the seafloor at 74 km from the 1990 Upland earthquake (M = 5.6) are dominated by late-arriving waves with periods of 6 to 7 sec. These waves are probably surface waves traveling across the Los Angeles basin. Response spectra for the recording are in agreement with predictions from empirical regression equations and theoretical models for periods less than about 1 sec but are significantly larger than those predictions for longer periods. The longer-period spectral amplitudes are controlled by the late-arriving waves, which are not included in the theoretical models and are underrepresented in the data used in the empirical analyses. When the motions are scaled to larger magnitude, the results are in general agreement with simulations of wave propagation in the Los Angeles basin by Graves (1998).

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890010317","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Boore, D., 1999, Basin waves on a seafloor recording of the 1990 Upland, California, earthquake: Implications for ground motions from a larger earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 1, p. 317-324, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890010317.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.973102269485,\n 34.46214528922903\n ],\n [\n -118.973102269485,\n 33.28090790863237\n ],\n [\n -117.10542648823508,\n 33.28090790863237\n ],\n [\n -117.10542648823508,\n 34.46214528922903\n ],\n [\n -118.973102269485,\n 34.46214528922903\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efebe4b0c8380cd4a4fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021815,"text":"70021815 - 1999 - Pennsylvanian carbonate buildups, Paradox basin: Increasing reserves in heterogeneous, shallow-shelf reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-23T16:52:48.712426","indexId":"70021815","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pennsylvanian carbonate buildups, Paradox basin: Increasing reserves in heterogeneous, shallow-shelf reservoirs","docAbstract":"

Productive carbonate buildups of Pennsylvanian age in the southern Paradox basin, Utah, contain up to 200 million bbl remaining oil potentially recoverable by enhanced recovery methods. These buildups comprise over 100 satellite fields to the giant Greater Aneth field, where secondary recovery operations thus far have been concentrated. Several types of satellite buildups exist and produce oil from the Desert Creek zone of the Paradox Formation. Many of the relevant fields have undergone early abandonment; wells in Desert Creek carbonate mounds commonly produce at very high initial rates (>1000 bbl/day) and then suffer precipitous declines. An important new study focused on the detailed characterization of five separate reservoirs has resulted in significant information relevant to their future redevelopment. Completed assessment of Anasazi field suggests that phylloid algal mounds, the major productive buildup type in this area, consist of ten separate lithotypes and can be described in terms of a two-level reservoir system with an underlying high-permeability mound-core interval overlain by a lower permeability but volumetrically larger supramound (mound capping) interval. Reservoir simulations and related performance predictions indicate that CO2 flooding of these reservoirs should have considerable success in recovering remaining oil reserves. 

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Montgomery, S.L., Chidsey, T., Eby, D.E., Lorenz, D.M., and Culham, W.E., 1999, Pennsylvanian carbonate buildups, Paradox basin: Increasing reserves in heterogeneous, shallow-shelf reservoirs: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 83, no. 2, p. 193-210.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7651e4b0c8380cd78042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Montgomery, Scott L.","contributorId":43513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chidsey, Thomas","contributorId":149059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chidsey","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eby, D. E.","contributorId":11355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, D. M.","contributorId":58411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Culham, W. E.","contributorId":100137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021816,"text":"70021816 - 1999 - Design-based and model-based inference in surveys of freshwater mollusks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:02:59.996597","indexId":"70021816","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design-based and model-based inference in surveys of freshwater mollusks","docAbstract":"

Well-known concepts in statistical inference and sampling theory are used to develop recommendations for planning and analyzing the results of quantitative surveys of freshwater mollusks. Two methods of inference commonly used in survey sampling (design-based and model-based) are described and illustrated using examples relevant in surveys of freshwater mollusks. The particular objectives of a survey and the type of information observed in each unit of sampling can be used to help select the sampling design and the method of inference. For example, the mean density of a sparsely distributed population of mollusks can be estimated with higher precision by using model-based inference or by using design-based inference with adaptive cluster sampling than by using design-based inference with conventional sampling. More experience with quantitative surveys of natural assemblages of freshwater mollusks is needed to determine the actual benefits of different sampling designs and inferential procedures.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468012","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., 1999, Design-based and model-based inference in surveys of freshwater mollusks: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 18, no. 1, p. 118-131, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468012.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff45e4b0c8380cd4f0db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021817,"text":"70021817 - 1999 - An evaluation of parturition indices in fishers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70021817","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of parturition indices in fishers","docAbstract":"Fishers (Martes pennanti) are important forest carnivores and furbearers that are susceptible to overharvest. Traditional indices used to monitor fisher populations typically overestimate litter size and proportion of females that give birth. We evaluated the usefulness of 2 indices of reproduction to determine proportion of female fishers that gave birth in a particular year. We used female fishers of known age and reproductive histories to compare appearance of placental scars with incidence of pregnancy and litter size. Microscopic observation of freshly removed reproductive tracts correctly identified pregnant fishers and correctly estimated litter size in 3 of 4 instances, but gross observation of placental scars failed to correctly identify pregnant fishers and litter size. Microscopic observations of reproductive tracts in carcasses that were not fresh also failed to identify pregnant animals and litter size. We evaluated mean sizes of anterior nipples to see if different reproductive classes could be distinguished. Mean anterior nipple size of captive and wild fishers correctly identified current-year breeders from nonbreeders. Former breeders were misclassified in 4 of 13 instances. Presence of placental scars accurately predicted parturition in a small sample size of fishers, but absence of placental scars did not signify that a female did not give birth. In addition to enabling the estimation of parturition rates in live animals more accurately than traditional indices, mean anterior nipple size also provided an estimate of the percentage of adult females that successfully raised young. Though using mean anterior nipple size to index reproductive success looks promising, additional data are needed to evaluate effects of using dried, stretched pelts on nipple size for management purposes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Frost, H., York, E., Krohn, W., Elowe, K., Decker, T., Powell, S., and Fuller, T., 1999, An evaluation of parturition indices in fishers: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 27, no. 1, p. 221-230.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea4de4b0c8380cd48785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frost, H.C.","contributorId":9416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"York, E.C.","contributorId":36702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elowe, K.D.","contributorId":83292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elowe","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Decker, T.A.","contributorId":100562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powell, S.M.","contributorId":102654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fuller, T.K.","contributorId":98252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}