Historic mining in Little Cottonwood Canyon in Utah has left behind many mine drainage tunnels that discharge water to Little Cottonwood Creek. To quantify the major sources of mine drainage to the stream, synoptic sampling was conducted during a tracer injection under low flow conditions (September 1998). There were distinct increases in discharge downstream from mine drainage and major tributary inflows that represented the total surface and subsurface contributions. The chemistry of stream water determined from synoptic sampling was controlled by the weathering of carbonate rocks and mine drainage inflows. Buffering by carbonate rocks maintained a high pH throughout the study reach. Most of the metal loading was from four surface-water inflows and three subsurface inflows. The main subsurface inflow was from a mine pool in the Wasatch Tunnel. Natural attenuation of all the metals resulted in the formation of colloidal solids, sorption of some metals, and accumulation onto the streambed. The deposition on the streambed could contribute to chronic toxicity for aquatic organisms. Information from the study will help to make decisions about environmental restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s002540100320","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B., Runkel, R., and Gerner, L., 2001, Quantification of mine-drainage inflows to Little Cottonwood Creek, Utah, using a tracer-injection and synoptic-sampling study: Environmental Geology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 1390-1404, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540100320.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1390","endPage":"1404","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Cottonwood creek ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.78657531738281,\n 40.62620049126207\n ],\n [\n -111.78520202636719,\n 40.614473680534935\n ],\n [\n -111.70932769775389,\n 40.62750334315296\n ],\n [\n -111.66675567626953,\n 40.63297504354541\n ],\n [\n -111.60839080810545,\n 40.62203119441502\n ],\n [\n -111.5936279296875,\n 40.61864344909241\n ],\n [\n -111.59328460693358,\n 40.63323558952353\n ],\n [\n -111.62899017333984,\n 40.650950330810694\n ],\n [\n -111.66160583496094,\n 40.65381550894382\n ],\n [\n -111.7086410522461,\n 40.644959106244734\n ],\n [\n -111.77352905273438,\n 40.62932729310059\n ],\n [\n -111.78314208984375,\n 40.62515819144965\n ],\n [\n -111.78657531738281,\n 40.62620049126207\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41fe4b0849ce97dc768","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B.","contributorId":189384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runkel, R.","contributorId":189385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runkel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerner, L.","contributorId":189386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerner","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31279,"text":"ofr01155 - 2001 - Selected hydrologic and water-quality data for Kamas Valley and vicinity, Summit County, Utah, 1997-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T09:49:47","indexId":"ofr01155","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-155","title":"Selected hydrologic and water-quality data for Kamas Valley and vicinity, Summit County, Utah, 1997-2000","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic and water-quality data collected in the Kamas Valley vicinity during a study from 1997 to 2000. The study area is in Summit County in north-central Utah and is part of the Middle Rocky Mountains Physiographic Province described by Fenneman (1931). Data were collected in Kamas Valley between the Uinta Mountains on the east and the West Hills on the west, the upper Weber River area, the Samak area along Beaver Creek, the Woodland area, and the Indian Hollow area. These areas, where population growth and water demand are concentrated, encompass about 70 square miles and include the Weber River, Beaver Creek, and Provo River drainages. Surface water is the dominant hydrologic resource. The combined average flow from these three drainages is about 345,000 acre-feet per year. Ground water is present in the unconsolidated deposits in Kamas Valley, in stream alluvium along Beaver Creek and the upper Weber River, and in the consolidated rocks surrounding Kamas Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S.Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr01155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department Of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality; Weber Basin Water Conservancy District; Davis and Weber Counties Canal Company; and the Weber River Water Users Association","usgsCitation":"Haraden, P.L., Spangler, L., Brooks, L., and Stolp, B., 2001, Selected hydrologic and water-quality data for Kamas Valley and vicinity, Summit County, Utah, 1997-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-155, Report: iv, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 18.92 x 26.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01155.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 18.92 x 26.04 inches","numberOfPages":"93","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339531,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01155/pdf/OFR01155.pdf"},{"id":2903,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01155","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258661,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0155/plate-1.pdf","size":"3.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Kamas Valley","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8c45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haraden, Peter L.","contributorId":60276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haraden","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, L.E.","contributorId":54230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, L.E.","contributorId":41852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30909,"text":"wri014051 - 2001 - Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-06T19:03:24.764527","indexId":"wri014051","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4051","title":"Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington","docAbstract":"A method of updating flood inundation maps at a fraction of the expense of using traditional methods was piloted in Washington State as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Urban Geologic and Hydrologic Hazards Initiative. Large savings in expense may be achieved by building upon previous Flood Insurance Studies and automating the process of flood delineation with a Geographic Information System (GIS); increases in accuracy and detail result from the use of very-high-accuracy elevation data and automated delineation; and the resulting digital data sets contain valuable ancillary information such as flood depth, as well as greatly facilitating map storage and utility. The method consists of creating stage-discharge relations from the archived output of the existing hydraulic model, using these relations to create updated flood stages for recalculated flood discharges, and using a GIS to automate the map generation process. Many of the effective flood maps were created in the late 1970?s and early 1980?s, and suffer from a number of well recognized deficiencies such as out-of-date or inaccurate estimates of discharges for selected recurrence intervals, changes in basin characteristics, and relatively low quality elevation data used for flood delineation. FEMA estimates that 45 percent of effective maps are over 10 years old (FEMA, 1997). Consequently, Congress has mandated the updating and periodic review of existing maps, which have cost the Nation almost 3 billion (1997) dollars. The need to update maps and the cost of doing so were the primary motivations for piloting a more cost-effective and efficient updating method. New technologies such as Geographic Information Systems and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) elevation mapping are key to improving the efficiency of flood map updating, but they also improve the accuracy, detail, and usefulness of the resulting digital flood maps. GISs produce digital maps without manual estimation of inundated areas between cross sections, and can generate working maps across a broad range of scales, for any selected area, and overlayed with easily updated cultural features. Local governments are aggressively collecting very-high-accuracy elevation data for numerous reasons; this not only lowers the cost and increases accuracy of flood maps, but also inherently boosts the level of community involvement in the mapping process. These elevation data are also ideal for hydraulic modeling, should an existing model be judged inadequate.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014051","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Haluska, T., and Kresch, D.L., 2001, Updating flood maps efficiently using existing hydraulic models, very-high-accuracy elevation data, and a geographic information system: A pilot study on the Nisqually River, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4051, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014051.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43377.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":401792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Nisqually River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.732,\n 47.033\n ],\n [\n -122.667,\n 47.033\n ],\n [\n -122.667,\n 47.067\n ],\n [\n -122.732,\n 47.067\n ],\n [\n -122.732,\n 47.033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ebdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haluska, Tana 0000-0001-6307-4769 thaluska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-4769","contributorId":1708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haluska","given":"Tana","email":"thaluska@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kresch, David L.","contributorId":46084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresch","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30787,"text":"cir1217 - 2001 - Ground-water-level monitoring and the importance of long-term water-level data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"cir1217","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1217","title":"Ground-water-level monitoring and the importance of long-term water-level data","docAbstract":"Water-level measurements from observation wells are the principal source of information about the effects of hydrologic stresses on ground-water systems. Long-term water-level data are required to address the effects of aquifer development and to compile a hydrologic record of water-level monitoring, uses of long-term water-level data, and improvements in the collection and accessibility of water-level data.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cir1217","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.J., and Alley, W., 2001, Ground-water-level monitoring and the importance of long-term water-level data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1217, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1217.","productDescription":"68 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123410,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1217.bmp"},{"id":2634,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1217/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":93100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alley, William M.","contributorId":93030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30932,"text":"wri014119 - 2001 - Hydrologic budgets for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, water years 1987-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri014119","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4119","title":"Hydrologic budgets for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, water years 1987-96","docAbstract":"The Madison and Minnelusa aquifers are two of the most important aquifers in the Black Hills area of South Dakota and Wyoming. Quantification and evaluation of various hydrologic budget components are important for managing and understanding these aquifers.\r\n\r\nHydrologic budgets are developed for two scenarios, including an overall budget for the entire study area and more detailed budgets for subareas. Budgets generally are combined for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers because most budget components cannot be quantified individually for the aquifers. An average hydrologic budget for the entire study area is computed for water years 1987-96, for which change in storage is approximately equal to zero. Annual estimates of budget components are included in detailed budgets for nine subareas, which consider periods of decreasing storage (1987-92) and increasing storage (1993-96).\r\n\r\nInflow components include recharge, leakage from adjacent aquifers, and ground-water inflows across the study area boundary. Outflows include springflow (headwater and artesian), well withdrawals, leakage to adjacent aquifers, and ground-water outflow across the study area boundary. Leakage, ground-water inflows, and ground-water outflows are difficult to quantify and cannot be distinguished from one another. Thus, net ground-water flow, which includes these components, is calculated as a residual, using estimates for the other budget components.\r\n\r\nFor the overall budget for water years 1987-96, net ground-water outflow from the study area is computed as 100 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). Estimates of average combined budget components for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers are: 395 ft3/s for recharge, 78 ft3/s for headwater springflow, 189 ft3/s for artesian springflow, and 28 ft3/s for well withdrawals.\r\n\r\nHydrologic budgets also are quantified for nine subareas for periods of decreasing storage (1987-92) and increasing storage (1993-96), with changes in storage assumed equal but opposite. Common subareas are identified for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, and previous components from the overall budget generally are distributed over the subareas. Estimates of net ground-water flow for the two aquifers are computed, with net ground-water outflow exceeding inflow for most subareas. Outflows range from 5.9 ft3/s in the area east of Rapid City to 48.6 ft3/s along the southwestern flanks of the Black Hills. Net groundwater inflow exceeds outflow for two subareas where the discharge of large artesian springs exceeds estimated recharge within the subareas.\r\n\r\nMore detailed subarea budgets also are developed, which include estimates of flow components for the individual aquifers at specific flow zones. The net outflows and inflows from the preliminary subarea budgets are used to estimate transmissivity of flow across specific flow zones based on Darcy?s Law. For estimation purposes, it is assumed that transmissivities of the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers are equal in any particular flow zone. The resulting transmissivity estimates range from 90 ft2/d to about 7,400 ft2/d, which is similar to values reported by previous investigators. The highest transmissivity estimates are for areas in the northern and southwestern parts of the study area, and the lowest transmissivity estimates are along the eastern study area boundary.\r\n\r\nEvaluation of subarea budgets provides confidence in budget components developed for the overall budget, especially regarding precipitation recharge, which is particularly difficult to estimate. Recharge estimates are consistently compatible with other budget components, including artesian springflow, which is a dominant component in many subareas. Calculated storage changes for subareas also are consistent with other budget components, specifically artesian springflow and net ground-water flow, and also are consistent with water-level fluctuations for observation wells. Ground-water budgets and flowpaths are especially complex i","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014119","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.M., Driscoll, D.G., Hamade, G.R., and Jarrell, G., 2001, Hydrologic budgets for the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, water years 1987-96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4119, 53 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014119.","productDescription":"53 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4119","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":204388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, Daniel G. dgdrisco@usgs.gov","contributorId":1558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Daniel","email":"dgdrisco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamade, Ghaith R.","contributorId":20774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamade","given":"Ghaith","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarrell, Gregory J.","contributorId":27899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrell","given":"Gregory J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30941,"text":"wri014155 - 2001 - Evaluation of the streamflow-gaging network of Texas and a proposed core network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-12T12:42:39","indexId":"wri014155","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4155","title":"Evaluation of the streamflow-gaging network of Texas and a proposed core network","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey streamflowgaging\r\nnetwork in Texas is operated as part of the\r\nNational Streamgaging Program and is jointly\r\nfunded by the Geological Survey and Federal,\r\nState, and local agencies. This report documents an\r\nevaluation of the existing (as of October 1, 1999)\r\nnetwork with regard to four major objectives of\r\nstreamflow data; and on the basis of that evaluation,\r\nproposes a core network of streamflowgaging\r\nstations that best meets those objectives.\r\nThe objectives are (1) regionalization (estimate\r\nflows or flow characteristics at ungaged sites in\r\n11 hydrologically similar regions), (2) major flow\r\n(obtain flow rates and volumes in large streams),\r\n(3) outflow from the State (account for streamflow\r\nleaving the State), and (4) streamflow conditions\r\nassessment (assess current conditions with regard\r\nto long-term data, and define temporal trends in\r\nflow). The network analysis resulted in a proposed\r\ncore network of 263 stations. Of those 263 stations,\r\n43 were discontinued as of October 1, 1999, and\r\n15 were partial-record stations. Fifty-five of the\r\nproposed core-network stations meet two of the\r\nfour major objectives, 16 stations meet three objectives,\r\nand 1 station meets all four. One-hundred\r\neighty-five stations with a median record length of\r\n33 years were selected to meet the regionalization\r\nobjective. Ninety-two stations with a median\r\nrecord length of about 62 years were selected to\r\nmeet the major-flow objective. Twenty-six stations\r\nwith a median record length of 59 years were\r\nselected to meet the outflow from the State objective.\r\nFifty stations with a median record length of\r\n53 years were selected to meet the streamflow conditions\r\nassessment objective.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014155","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Howard, T., and Anaya, R., 2001, Evaluation of the streamflow-gaging network of Texas and a proposed core network: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4155, HTML Document; Report: iv, 40 p.; Plate: 26 x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014155.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Report: iv, 40 p.; Plate: 26 x 26 inches","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, Teresa","contributorId":65516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Teresa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anaya, Roberto","contributorId":10827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anaya","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31177,"text":"ofr00413 - 2001 - Selected field and analytical methods and analytical results in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T17:40:00.113838","indexId":"ofr00413","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-413","title":"Selected field and analytical methods and analytical results in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99","docAbstract":"A study of the water resources of the Dutch Flats area in the western part of the North Platte Natural Resources District, western Nebraska, was conducted from 1995 through 1999 to describe the surface water and hydrogeology, the spatial distribution of selected water-quality constituents in surface and ground water, and the surface-water/ground-water interaction in selected areas. This report describes the selected field and analytical methods used in the study and selected analytical results from the study not previously published. Specifically, dissolved gases, age-dating data, and other isotopes collected as part of an intensive sampling effort in August and November 1998 and all uranium and uranium isotope data collected through the course of this study are included in the report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00413","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., Steele, G.V., Cannia, J.C., Bohlke, J., Kraemer, T., Hitch, D., Wilson, K., and Carnes, A., 2001, Selected field and analytical methods and analytical results in the Dutch Flats area, western Nebraska, 1995-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-413, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00413.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0413/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0413/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Scotts Bluff County","otherGeospatial":"Dutch Flats","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-103.3605,42.0037],[-103.361,41.7442],[-103.3684,41.744],[-103.3681,41.7004],[-103.3681,41.6986],[-104.0522,41.6975],[-104.0522,41.7004],[-104.0525,41.998],[-104.0525,42.0024],[-103.9858,42.0018],[-103.8697,42.0021],[-103.6367,42.0025],[-103.5162,42.0027],[-103.3995,42.004],[-103.3605,42.0037]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Scotts Bluff\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa5b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, G. V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, J. C.","contributorId":105258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, J. K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":59481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraemer, T.E.","contributorId":6492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hitch, D.E.","contributorId":72425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitch","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, K.E.","contributorId":51340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carnes, A.E.","contributorId":25208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carnes","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":31310,"text":"ofr2001240 - 2001 - Compilation of water-resources data and hydrogeologic setting for Brunswick County, North Carolina, 1933-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-05T21:32:51.446695","indexId":"ofr2001240","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-240","title":"Compilation of water-resources data and hydrogeologic setting for Brunswick County, North Carolina, 1933-2000","docAbstract":"Water-resources data were compiled for Brunswick County, North Carolina, to describe the hydrologic conditions of the County. Hydrologic data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as well as data collected by other governmental agencies and reviewed by the U.S. Geological Survey are presented. Data from four weather stations and two surface-water stations are summarized. Data also are presented for land use and land cover, soils, geology, hydrogeology, 12 continuously monitored ground-water wells, 73 periodically measured ground-water wells, and water-quality measurements from 39 ground-water wells.\r\n\r\nMean monthly precipitation at the Longwood, Shallotte, Southport, and Wilmington Airport weather stations ranged from 2.19 to 7.94 inches for the periods of record, and mean monthly temperatures at the Longwood, Southport, and Wilmington Airport weather stations ranged from 43.4 to 80.1 degrees Fahrenheit for the periods of record. An evaluation of land-use and land-cover data for Brunswick County indicated that most of the County is either forested land (about 57 percent) or wetlands (about 29 percent). Cross sections are presented to illustrate the general hydrogeology beneath Brunswick County. Water-level data for Brunswick County indicate that water levels ranged from about 110 feet above mean sea level to about 22 feet below mean sea level. Chloride concentrations measured in aquifers in Brunswick County ranged from near 0 to 15,000 milligrams per liter. Chloride levels in the Black Creek and Cape Fear aquifers were measured at well above the potable limit for ground water of 250 milligrams per liter set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for safe drinking water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr2001240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Brunswick County, North Carolina","usgsCitation":"Fine, J.M., and Cunningham, W.L., 2001, Compilation of water-resources data and hydrogeologic setting for Brunswick County, North Carolina, 1933-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-240, iv, 141 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr2001240.","productDescription":"iv, 141 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12537,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr01240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403020,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43226.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Brunswick County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.71041870117188,\n 34.29239566218292\n ],\n [\n -77.74200439453125,\n 34.294097509045734\n ],\n [\n -77.74131774902342,\n 34.30090455174585\n ],\n [\n -77.75230407714844,\n 34.30203900523222\n ],\n [\n -77.81684875488281,\n 34.36214310607188\n ],\n [\n -77.80723571777344,\n 34.37857917718959\n ],\n [\n -77.82920837402344,\n 34.38877925439021\n ],\n [\n -77.88688659667969,\n 34.36611072883117\n ],\n [\n -77.89924621582031,\n 34.36554393708233\n ],\n [\n -77.90130615234375,\n 34.37857917718959\n ],\n [\n -77.91641235351562,\n 34.375745601897954\n ],\n [\n -77.93701171875,\n 34.36667751674575\n ],\n [\n -77.96035766601562,\n 34.38311269824024\n ],\n [\n -77.98507690429688,\n 34.37291193073771\n ],\n [\n -77.99400329589844,\n 34.339467372329935\n ],\n [\n -78.03108215332031,\n 34.33152941660457\n ],\n [\n -78.057861328125,\n 34.344003009744206\n ],\n [\n -78.07708740234375,\n 34.339467372329935\n ],\n [\n -78.08120727539062,\n 34.35534102998141\n ],\n [\n -78.09768676757812,\n 34.352506668675936\n ],\n [\n -78.12446594238281,\n 34.36837785748377\n ],\n [\n -78.13957214355469,\n 34.37064492478658\n ],\n [\n -78.16154479980469,\n 34.35534102998141\n ],\n [\n -78.25561523437499,\n 34.219751425785425\n ],\n [\n -78.37509155273438,\n 34.20214846682085\n ],\n [\n -78.36616516113281,\n 34.18794985418271\n ],\n [\n -78.42521667480469,\n 34.14249823152873\n ],\n [\n -78.50486755371092,\n 34.16749965237792\n ],\n [\n -78.54400634765624,\n 34.147044494922504\n ],\n [\n -78.55430603027344,\n 34.09588492955209\n ],\n [\n -78.56803894042969,\n 34.05607276338367\n ],\n [\n -78.59207153320312,\n 34.02933123965998\n ],\n [\n -78.64288330078125,\n 34.00656585534624\n ],\n [\n -78.62640380859375,\n 33.97411463602786\n ],\n [\n -78.65043640136719,\n 33.94392957889264\n ],\n [\n -78.53782653808594,\n 33.852739943216896\n ],\n [\n -78.33045959472656,\n 33.895497227123876\n ],\n [\n -78.10317993164062,\n 33.902336404480685\n ],\n [\n -77.97203063964844,\n 33.837912419023645\n ],\n [\n -77.94456481933594,\n 33.84418591636914\n ],\n [\n -77.84843444824219,\n 34.10043369975709\n ],\n [\n -77.71041870117188,\n 34.29239566218292\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69c18d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fine, Jason M. 0000-0002-6386-256X jmfine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-256X","contributorId":2238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fine","given":"Jason","email":"jmfine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, William L. wcunning@usgs.gov","contributorId":1198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"William","email":"wcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31295,"text":"ofr01185 - 2001 - The Kiowa core, a continuous drill core through the Denver Basin bedrock aquifers at Kiowa, Elbert County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-11T12:54:41","indexId":"ofr01185","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-185","title":"The Kiowa core, a continuous drill core through the Denver Basin bedrock aquifers at Kiowa, Elbert County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Kiowa core was obtained as a component of the Denver Basin Project, a cooperative research effort to study the evolution of the Denver Basin, Colorado. The Kiowa core provides a virtually continuous stratigraphic record of the Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary strata of the Denver Basin. The upper portion of the core recovered strata conventionally referred to as the Arapahoe and Denver Formations and the Dawson Arkose. A prominent unconformity marked by a mature paleosol breaks these strata into two unconformity-bounded sequences; the lower sequence is termed Dl and the upper sequence, D2. Beneath these units and also penetrated by the core occur the Laramie Formation, Fox Hills Sandstone, and Pierre Shale.
The site for coring was selected in order to obtain fine-grained strata suitable for both palynological and paleomagnetic analyses. The coring effort recovered 93 percent of the 2,256 ft of rock penetrated, resulting in a nearly continuous record of the sedimentary rocks recording the retreat of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway and the subsequent uplift of the Front Range portion of the Rocky Mountains.
Palynological data constrain the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary to a depth between 878 and 880 ft in the core. The palynological data also serve to bracket the age of the paleosol marking the unconformity between the Dl and D2 sequences to between middle Paleocene and earliest Eocene. The paleomagnetic data are interpreted to represent polarity intervals ranging from polarity subchrons 31r to 28n and polarity subchron 24r.
Hydrologic analyses indicate variable aquifer characteristics across the State-defined bedrock aquifers. Individual aquifer units exhibit generally lower water-yield potential than was identified to the west in a core drilled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1987 at Castle Pines, Colorado. Downhole temperature measurements indicate a normal geothermal gradient of 30°C/ km. Perturbations of the gradient may represent active fluid flow through the aquifers penetrated by the core.
Petrographic examination of the cored sandstone and mudstone units document both the clay-rich character of the paleosol series marking the boundary between the Dl and D2 sequences, and variation in sandstone composition with depth. The lower sequence (Dl) is characterized by litharenites with a significant volcaniclastic component, while the upper sequence (D2) is more arkosic. Extensive lignite beds occur in Dl in the cored interval and these appear as strong reflectors on the seismic line that passes near the core hole. A set of electric logs, core descriptions, and derived data sets accompany this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources, Office of the State Engineer, Colorado Geological Survey, Elbert County, Colorado, Colorado State University, University of Colorado, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, University of Alaska, Scripps Institution of Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Raynolds, R.G., Johnson, K.R., Arnold, L., Farnham, T.M., Fleming, R., Hicks, J.F., Kelley, S.A., Lapey, L.A., Nichols, D.J., Obradovich, J.D., and Wilson, M., 2001, The Kiowa core, a continuous drill core through the Denver Basin bedrock aquifers at Kiowa, Elbert County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-185, 127 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01185.","productDescription":"127 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2932,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0185/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0185/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Elbert County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.51053619384766,\n 39.319159627523035\n ],\n [\n -104.42161560058594,\n 39.319159627523035\n ],\n [\n -104.42161560058594,\n 39.37756814810105\n ],\n [\n -104.51053619384766,\n 39.37756814810105\n ],\n [\n -104.51053619384766,\n 39.319159627523035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c03e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raynolds, Robert G.H.","contributorId":70814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raynolds","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Farnham, Timothy M.","contributorId":44202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farnham","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleming, R. Farley","contributorId":83950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R. Farley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hicks, Jason F.","contributorId":52235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelley, Shari A.","contributorId":25606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Shari","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lapey, Laura A.","contributorId":103332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapey","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Obradovich, John D.","contributorId":84361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Wilson, Michael D.","contributorId":23188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":30879,"text":"wri004233 - 2001 - Techniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T11:37:46","indexId":"wri004233","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4233","title":"Techniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa","docAbstract":"A statewide study was conducted to develop regression equations for estimating flood-frequency discharges for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. Thirty-eight selected basin characteristics were quantified and flood-frequency analyses were computed for 291 streamflow-gaging stations in Iowa and adjacent States. A generalized-skew-coefficient analysis was conducted to determine whether generalized skew coefficients could be improved for Iowa. Station skew coefficients were computed for 239 gaging stations in Iowa and adjacent States, and an isoline map of generalized-skew-coefficient values was developed for Iowa using variogram modeling and kriging methods. The skew map provided the lowest mean square error for the generalized-skew- coefficient analysis and was used to revise generalized skew coefficients for flood-frequency analyses for gaging stations in Iowa.
\nRegional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression and data from 241 gaging stations,was used to develop equations for three hydrologic regions defined for the State. The regression equations can be used to estimate flood discharges that have recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. One-variable equations were developed for each of the three regions and multi-variable equations were developed for two of the regions. Two sets of equations are presented for two of the regions because one-variable equations are considered easy for users to apply and the predictive accuracies of multi-variable equations are greater. Standard error of prediction for the one-variable equations ranges from about 34 to 45 percent and for the multi-variable equations ranges from about 31 to 42 percent.
\nA region-of-influence regression method was also investigated for estimating flood-frequency discharges for ungaged stream sites in Iowa. A comparison of regional and region-of influence regression methods, based on ease of application and root mean square errors, determined the regional regression method to be the better estimation method for Iowa.
\nTechniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa are presented for determining (1) regional regression estimates for ungaged sites on ungaged streams; (2) weighted estimates for gaged sites; and (3) weighted estimates for ungaged sites on gaged streams. The technique for determining regional regression estimates for ungaged sites on ungaged streams requires determining which of four possible examples applies to the location of the stream site and its basin. Illustrations for determining which example applies to an ungaged stream site and for applying both the one-variable and multi-variable regression equations are provided for the estimation techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004233","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR-395A)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., 2001, Techniques for estimating flood-frequency discharges for streams in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4233, iv, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004233.","productDescription":"iv, 88 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004233.JPG"},{"id":2788,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/reports/WRIR_00-4233.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.8899753738369\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -97.283935546875,\n 40.069664523297774\n ],\n [\n -97.18505859374999,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -89.923095703125,\n 43.8899753738369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4886e4b07f02db519754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, David A. 0000-0002-2749-8959 daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33083,"text":"b2187 - 2001 - Variations in river flow to the Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoenvironmental studies of Gulf of Mexico marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T15:22:04","indexId":"b2187","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2187","title":"Variations in river flow to the Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoenvironmental studies of Gulf of Mexico marine sediments","docAbstract":"Analyses of selected gaging station records from the Mississippi River and Rio Grande show that variations in discharge of these rivers into the Gulf of Mexico reflect major flood events and regional-scale drought intervals known from the historical record. Variations in Rio Grande discharge show good correlation with El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and short-term variability. Mississippi River discharge does not show correlation with ENSO events or short-term variability. However, Mississippi River discharge does appear to respond to long-term changes in ENSO variability and mean climate state. The link between historical hydrologic extremes and discharge of the Rio Grande and Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico indicates that shelf and slope sediments of the Gulf of Mexico contain a long-term record of flood and drought intervals of the Southwestern and Central United States.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b2187","usgsCitation":"Poore, R.Z., Darling, J., Dowsett, H.J., and Wright, L., 2001, Variations in river flow to the Gulf of Mexico: implications for paleoenvironmental studies of Gulf of Mexico marine sediments (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2187, 21 figs, 2 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2187.","productDescription":"21 figs, 2 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3285,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bulletin/b2187 ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":209852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Darling, Jessica","contributorId":10853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dowsett, Harry J. 0000-0003-1983-7524 hdowsett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","email":"hdowsett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Liana","contributorId":71231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Liana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21948,"text":"ofr0110 - 2001 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:02:29","indexId":"ofr0110","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-10","displayTitle":"Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group-Update and Additions to the Determination of Chloroacetanilide Herbicide Degradation Compounds in Water Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"An analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1999 for the analysis of selected chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water. These compounds were acetochlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA), acetochlor oxanilic acid (OXA), alachlor ESA, alachlor OXA, metolachlor ESA, and metolachlor OXA. The HPLC/MS method was updated in 2000, and the method detection limits were modified accordingly. Four other degradation compounds also were added to the list of compounds that can be analyzed using HPLC/MS; these compounds were dimethenamid ESA, dimethenamid OXA, flufenacet ESA, and flufenacet OXA. Except for flufenacet OXA, good precision and accuracy were demonstrated for the updated HPLC/MS method in buffered reagent water, surface water, and ground water. The mean HPLC/MS recoveries of the degradation compounds from water samples spiked at 0.20 and 1.0 g/L (microgram per liter) ranged from 75 to 114 percent, with relative standard deviations of 15.8 percent or less for all compounds except flufenacet OXA, which had relative standard deviations ranging from 11.3 to 48.9 percent. Method detection levels (MDL's) using the updated HPLC/MS method varied from 0.009 to 0.045 ?g/L, with the flufenacet OXA MDL at 0.072 g/L. The updated HPLC/MS method is valuable for acquiring information about the fate and transport of the parent chloroacetanilide herbicides in water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0110","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lee, E., Kish, J., Zimmerman, L., and Thurman, E., 2001, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group--Update and additions to the determination of chloroacetanilide herbicide degradation compounds in water using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-10, iv, 17 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0110.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51423,"rank":298,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, E.A.","contributorId":48608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kish, J.L.","contributorId":97937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, E.","contributorId":75006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207752,"text":"70207752 - 2001 - The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T12:46:16","indexId":"70207752","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-26T12:40:15","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary","docAbstract":"Establishment of Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans, and A. bicolor was measured along intertidal gradients (mud bank (MB), lower intertidal (LI), and upper intertidal (UI)) on point bars and islands in a Costa Rican tropical estuary. Successful establishment showed the following order — Laguncularia: LI (73%)>MB (52%)>UI (18%), with UI significantly lower than LI and MB; Avicennia spp.: LI (66%)>UI (51%)>MB (29%), with LI significantly higher than MB. Establishment of Laguncularia in UI was significantly lower than Avicennia spp. due to selective crab herbivory. After 25 days, 52% of Laguncularia propagules were eaten compared to 5% for Avicennia spp. Total mortality of Laguncularia propagules and seedlings was significantly higher than that of Avicennia spp. in all three zones.
The hydrological regime affected propagule establishment under controlled mesocosm conditions. Four hydrological treatments included flooded according to tidal cycle (FT), no flooding (NF), continuous flooding (F), and flooded according to tidal cycle with propagules additionally buried (FTB). Laguncularia establishment under NF (93%) and F (84%) was significantly greater than under FT (63%). A. germinans establishment under NF (97%) was greater than under FT (69%). Laguncularia showed significantly higher establishment than A. germinans under F conditions. Laguncularia propagules sank soon after their radicles protruded (5–8 days), and subsequently established under water. A. germinans propagules floated during the 25-day experiment and never established. Propagule establishment under FTB was greater for Laguncularia than for Avicennia (11 and 1%, respectively). Height increase of established Laguncularia seedlings was significantly different among treatments: FT (5.2 mm per day)>NF (3.4 mm per day)>F (2.4 mm per day). Growth of established A. germinans seedlings did not differ between FT (4.8 mm per day) and NF (5.0 mm per day), but it was significantly higher than Laguncularia under NF.
These results show that both genera can successfully establish on the lower intertidal zone when artificially retained. However, propagule buoyancy, availability, dispersal, and the effect of water movement on propagule anchoring limit Avicennia spp. establishment in this regularly flooded environment. In the upper intertidal zone, however, differential predation on Laguncularia propagules favors Avicennia spp. establishment and dominance.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00188-7","usgsCitation":"Delgado, P., Hensel, P., and Day, J., 2001, The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary: Aquatic Botany, v. 71, no. 3, p. 157-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(01)00188-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica ","otherGeospatial":"Bebedero River, Gulf of Nicoya, Tempisque River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4571533203125,\n 9.54929188384387\n ],\n [\n -84.5672607421875,\n 9.54929188384387\n ],\n [\n -84.5672607421875,\n 10.33383406820594\n ],\n [\n -85.4571533203125,\n 10.33383406820594\n ],\n [\n -85.4571533203125,\n 9.54929188384387\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delgado, P.","contributorId":221620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delgado","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hensel, P.F.","contributorId":11727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hensel","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, J.W.","contributorId":27417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70214409,"text":"70214409 - 2001 - Frequently co‐occurring pesticides and volatile organic compounds in public supply and monitoring wells, southern New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T18:57:39.20074","indexId":"70214409","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-25T13:46:10","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequently co‐occurring pesticides and volatile organic compounds in public supply and monitoring wells, southern New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"One or more pesticides were detected with one or more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in more than 95% of samples collected from 30 public supply and 95 monitoring wells screened in the unconsolidated surficial aquifer system of southern New Jersey, USA. Overall, more than 140,000 and more than 3,000 unique combinations of pesticides with VOCs were detected in two or more samples from the supply and monitoring wells, respectively. More than 400 of these combinations were detected in 20% or more of the samples from the supply wells, whereas only 17 were detected in 20% or more of the samples from the monitoring wells. Although many constituent combinations detected in water from the supply and monitoring wells are similar, differences in constituent combinations also were found and can be attributed, in part, to differences in the characteristics of these two well types. The monitoring wells sampled during this study yield water that typically was recharged beneath a single land‐use setting during a recent, discrete time interval and that flowed along relatively short paths to the wells. Public supply wells, in contrast, yield large volumes of water and typically have contributing areas that are orders of magnitude larger than those of the monitoring wells. These large contributing areas generally encompass multiple land uses; moreover, because flow paths that originate in these areas vary in length, these wells typically yield water that was recharged over a large temporal interval. Water withdrawn from public supply wells, therefore, contains a mixture of waters of different ages that were recharged beneath various land‐use settings. Because public supply wells intercept water flowing along longer paths with longer residence times and integrate waters from a larger source area than those associated with monitoring wells, they are more likely to yield water that contains constituents that were used in greater quantities in the past, that were introduced from point sources, and/or that are derived from the degradation of parent compounds along extended flow paths.
During the early 1990s (but echoing studies by S.T. Harding at the University of California, from as early as the 1930s), several lines of paleoclimate evidence in and around the Sierra Nevada Range have provided the water community in California with some real horror stories. By studying ancient tree stumps submerged in Lake Tahoe and Tenaya Lake, stumps that were emerging from Mono Lake during its recent decline, and stumps that were exhumed in the Walker River bed during the floods of 1997, paleoclimatologists like Scott Stine of California State University, Hayward, assembled a picture of epic droughts in the central Sierra Nevada during the medieval period. These droughts had to be severe to drop water levels in the lakes and rivers low enough for the trees to grow in the first place, and then had to last for hundreds of years to explain tree-ring counts in these sizeable stumps. Worse yet, the evidence suggested at least two such epic droughts, one ending close to 1100 and the other close to 1350. These epic droughts challenged paleoclimatologists, as well as modern climatologists and hydrologists, to understand and, ultimately, to determine the likelihood that such droughts might recur in the foreseeable future. The first challenge, however, was to verify that such droughts were more than local events and as extreme as suggested. At this year’s Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, held March 18–21, 2001, at Asilomar (Pacific Grove, Calif.), special sessions brought together scientists to compare paleoclimatic reconstructions of ancient droughts and pluvial (wet) epidodes to try to determine the nature of decadal and centennial climate fluctuations in western North America, with emphasis on California. A companion session brought together modern climatologists to report on the latest explanations (and evidence) for decadal climate variations during the instrumental era of the 20th century.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2001, Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 14, no. 3, p. 51-53.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2001/IEPNewsletterSummer2001.pdf"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2caee4b0589fa1c9809d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30889,"text":"wri004273 - 2001 - Occurrence of selected radionuclides in ground water used for drinking water in the United States: A reconnaissance survey, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:41:53","indexId":"wri004273","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4273","title":"Occurrence of selected radionuclides in ground water used for drinking water in the United States: A reconnaissance survey, 1998","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the American Water Works Association, and the American Water Works Service Company, completed a targeted national reconnaissance survey of selected radionuclides in public ground-water supplies. Radionuclides analyzed included radium-224 (Ra-224), radium-226 (Ra-226), radium-228 (Ra-228), polonium-210 (Po-210) and lead-210 (Pb-210).This U.S. Geological Survey reconnaissance survey focused intentionally on areas with known or suspected elevated concentrations of radium in ground water to determine if Ra-224 was also present in the areas where other isotopes of radium had previously been detected and to determine the co-occurrence characteristics of the three radium isotopes (Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228) in those areas. Ninety-nine raw-water samples (before water treatment) were collected once over a 6-month period in 1998 and 1999 from wells (94 of which are used for public drinking water) in 27 States and 8 physiographic provinces. Twenty-one of the 99 samples exceeded the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water maximum contaminant level of 5 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) for combined radium (Ra-226 + Ra-228). Concentrations of Ra-224 were reported to exceed 1 pCi/L in 30 percent of the samples collected, with a maximum concentration of 73.6 pCi/L measured in water from a nontransient, noncommunity, public-supply well in Maryland. Radium-224 concentrations generally were higher than those of the other isotopes of radium. About 5 percent of the samples contained concentrations of Ra-224 greater than 10 pCi/L, whereas only 2 percent exceeded 10 pCi/L for either Ra-226 or Ra-228. Concentrations of Ra-226 greater than 1 pCi/L were reported in 33 percent of the samples, with a maximum concentration of 16.9 pCi/L measured in water from a public-supply well in Iowa. Concentrations of Ra-228 greater than 1 pCi/L were reported in 22 samples, with a maximum concentration of 72.3 pCi/L measured in water from a non-transient, noncommunity, public-supply well in Maryland.Radium-224, which is a decay product of Ra-228 in the Th-232 decay series, was significantly correlated with Ra-228 (Spearman?s rank correlation coefficient ?r? equals 0.82) and to a lesser degree with Ra-226 (r equals 0.69), which is an isotope in the U-238 decay series. The rank correlation coefficient between Ra-226 and Ra-228 was 0.63. The high correlation between Ra-224 and Ra-228 concentrations and the corresponding isotopic ratios of the two (about 1:1 in 90 percent of the samples) indicates that the two radionuclides occur in approximately equal concentrations in most ground water sampled. Thus, Ra-228 can be considered as a reasonable proxy indicator for the occurrence of Ra-224 in ground water.The maximum concentration of Po-210 was 4.85 pCi/L and exceeded 1 pCi/L in only two samples. The maximum concentration of Pb-210 was 4.14 pCi/L, and about 10 percent of the samples exceeded 1 pCi/L. Areas with known, or suspected, elevated concentrations of polonium and lead were not targeted in this survey.Three major implications are drawn for future radionuclide monitoring on the basis of this information: (1) grossalpha particle analyses of ground water should be done within about 48-72 hours after collection to determine the presence of the short-lived, alpha-particle emitting isotopes, such as Ra-224, which was detected in elevated concentrations in many of the samples collected for this survey; (2) the isotope ratios of Ra-224 to Ra-228 in ground water are variable on a national scale, but the two radioisotopes generally occur in ratios near 1:1, therefore, the more commonly measured Ra-228 can be used as an indicator of Ra-224 occurrence for some general purposes other than compliance; and (3) the isotopic ratios of Ra-226 to Ra-228 were less than 3:2 in many samples. These ratios corroborate results of previous studies that have shown the presence of Ra-228.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004273","usgsCitation":"Focazio, M.J., Szabo, Z., Kraemer, T.F., Mullin, A.H., Barringer, T.H., and dePaul, V., 2001, Occurrence of selected radionuclides in ground water used for drinking water in the United States: A reconnaissance survey, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4273, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004273.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2829,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004273","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -66.26953125,\n 24.206889622398023\n ],\n [\n -66.26953125,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -126.03515625,\n 24.206889622398023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":204282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraemer, Thomas F. tkraemer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraemer","given":"Thomas","email":"tkraemer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullin, Ann H. ahmullin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullin","given":"Ann","email":"ahmullin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barringer, Thomas H.","contributorId":42252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"dePaul, Vincent T. 0000-0002-7977-5217","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-5217","contributorId":13972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"dePaul","given":"Vincent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":25425,"text":"wri004040 - 2001 - Controls of stream chemistry and fish populations in the Neversink watershed, Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T15:49:12","indexId":"wri004040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4040","title":"Controls of stream chemistry and fish populations in the Neversink watershed, Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"The Neversink Watershed Study was initiated in 1991 to develop an understanding of the key natural processes that control water quality within the forested, 166 km 2 (64 mi 2), Neversink River watershed; part of the New York City drinking water supply system, in the Catskill Mountain region of New York. The study entailed (1) hydrological investigations of water movement from the atmosphere to streams, (2) biogeochemical investigations of nitrogen and calcium, important nutrients in forest and aquatic ecosystems whose availability has been altered by acidic deposition, (3) an investigation of elevational patterns in atmospheric deposition, and (4) fisheries investigations to determine the relative importance of physical habitat and acidic deposition in controlling the abundance and diversity of fish species in the watershed. This report summarizes the results of these investigations, which have also been presented, in detail, in peer-reviewed technical articles and reports that are cited throughout the text.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004040","collaboration":" Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G.B., Burns, D.A., Baldigo, B., Murdoch, P., and Lovett, G., 2001, Controls of stream chemistry and fish populations in the Neversink watershed, Catskill Mountains, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4040, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004040.","productDescription":"15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323948,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4040/wri20004040.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4040"},{"id":156147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4040/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountains","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004239","usgsCitation":"Martin, G.R., Zarriello, P.J., and Shipp, A.A., 2001, Hydrologic and water-quality characterization and modeling of the Chenoweth Run basin, Jefferson County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4239, xi, 197 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004239.","productDescription":"xi, 197 p.","costCenters":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4239.jpg"},{"id":411530,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34833.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":264508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4239/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Chenoweth Run basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.5,\n 38.242\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 38.125\n ],\n [\n -85.583,\n 38.125\n ],\n [\n -85.583,\n 38.242\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 38.242\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61178c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Gary R. 0000-0002-3274-5846 grmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-5846","contributorId":3413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","email":"grmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shipp, Allison A. 0000-0003-2927-8893 aashipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-8893","contributorId":338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Allison","email":"aashipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30846,"text":"wri894131 - 2001 - Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri894131","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4131","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"On the basis of known hydrogeology of the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, a three-layer, finite-difference numerical model was constructed and calibrated as the primary tool to refine understanding of flow in the aquifers. The model was calibrated and tested for accuracy in simulating measured heads for nine periods of transient flow from 1886-1985. Testing and sensitivity analyses indicated that the model accurately simulated observed heads areally as well as through time.\r\n\r\nThe study indicates that the flow system is currently dominated by the distribution of pumping in relation to the distribution of areally variable confining units. Current withdrawal of about 200 million gallons per day has altered the prepumping flow paths, and effectively captured most of the water flowing through the aquifers. Ground-water flow is controlled by the altitude and location of sources of recharge and discharge, and by the hydraulic characteristics of the hydrogeologic units.\r\n\r\nLeakage between the Fort Pillow aquifer and Memphis aquifer, and between the Memphis aquifer and the water-table aquifers (alluvium and fluvial deposits) is a major component of the hydrologic budget. The study indicates that more than 50 percent of the water withdrawn from the Memphis aquifer in 1980 is derived from vertical leakage across confining units, and the leakage from the shallow aquifer (potential source of contamination) is not uniformly distributed. Simulated leakage was concentrated along the upper reaches of the Wolf and Loosahatchie Rivers, along the upper reaches of Nonconnah Creek, and the surficial aquifer of the Mississippi River alluvial plain. These simulations are supported by the geologic and geophysical evidence suggesting relatively thin or sandy confining units in these general locations. Because water from surficial aquifers is inferior in quality and more susceptible to contamination than water in the deeper aquifers, high rates of leakage to the Memphis aquifer may be cause for concern.\r\n\r\nA significant component of flow (12 percent) discharging from the Fort Pillow aquifer was calculated as upward leakage to the Memphis aquifer. This upward leakage was generally limited to areas near major pumping centers in the Memphis aquifer, where heads in the Memphis aquifer have been drawn significantly below heads in the Fort Pillow aquifer. Although the Fort Pillow aquifer is not capable of producing as much water as the Memphis aquifer for similar conditions, it is nonetheless a valuable resource throughout the area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri894131","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., and Broshears, R.E., 2001, Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4131, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894131.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4131.jpg"},{"id":2728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4131","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6274b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broshears, R. E.","contributorId":75552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30881,"text":"wri004238 - 2001 - Water chemistry near the closed Norman Landfill, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T22:20:17.404954","indexId":"wri004238","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4238","title":"Water chemistry near the closed Norman Landfill, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1995","docAbstract":"The Norman Landfill was selected for study as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program in 1994. The landfill is located south of the City of Norman on alluvial deposits of the Canadian River. Type of waste deposited in the landfill from 1922 to 1973 was largely unrestricted and may include substances now recognized as hazardous. Dissolved and suspended substances leached from wastes in the closed and capped landfill are now in ground water extending toward the Canadian River as a plume of leachate.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from two stock wells, one domestic well, temporary drive-point wells, the Canadian River, and a small intermittent stream hydraulically downgradient of the capped landfill known as the slough. Most constituent concentrations were greater in ground water downgradient from the capped landfill than in background ground water and were greater in the slough than in the Canadian River. Concentrations of most constituents in the Canadian River, other than sulfate, manganese, and iron, were similar to concentrations in background ground water.\r\n\r\nSome constituents measured in ground-water for this investigation are potential indicators of leachate contamination. Potential indicators that could be used to differentiate leachate contaminated water from uncontaminated ground water of the alluvial aquifer include specific conductance, chloride, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, boron, and dD. Specific conductance and chloride were greater in water from wells downgradient of the landfill than water from background wells. Dissolved organic carbon and boron also were greater in the leachate contaminated ground water than in background ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004238","usgsCitation":"Schlottmann, J.L., 2001, Water chemistry near the closed Norman Landfill, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4238, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004238.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37606.htm"},{"id":2790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.458,\n 35.154\n ],\n [\n -97.438,\n 35.154\n ],\n [\n -97.438,\n 35.183\n ],\n [\n -97.458,\n 35.183\n ],\n [\n -97.458,\n 35.154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548dda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38271,"text":"pp1629 - 2001 - Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:08:16","indexId":"pp1629","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1629","title":"Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An aquifer test conducted in a sand and gravel, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts was analyzed by means of a model for flow to a partially penetrating well in a homogeneous, anisotropic unconfined aquifer. The model is designed to account for all significant mechanisms expected to influence drawdown in observation piezometers and in the pumped well. In addition to the usual fluid-flow and storage processes, additional processes include effects of storage in the pumped well, storage in observation piezometers, effects of skin at the pumped-well screen, and effects of drainage from the zone above the water table.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1629","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2001, Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1629, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1629.","productDescription":"69 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1629.jpg"},{"id":3500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1629/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30888,"text":"wri004272 - 2001 - Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri004272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4272","title":"Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"Analysis of water levels in 21 wells in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site, provides information on the accuracy of hydraulic-head calculations, temporal water-level trends, and potential causes of water-level fluctuations. Accurate hydraulic heads are particularly important in Frenchman Flat where the hydraulic gradients are relatively flat (less than 1 foot per mile) in the alluvial aquifer. Temporal water-level trends with magnitudes near or exceeding the regional hydraulic gradient may have a substantial effect on ground-water flow directions.\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements can be adjusted for the effects of barometric pressure, formation water density (from water-temperature measurements), borehole deviation, and land-surface altitude in selected wells in the Frenchman Flat area. Water levels in one well were adjusted for the effect of density; this adjustment was significantly greater (about 17 feet) than the adjustment of water levels for barometric pressure, borehole deviation, or land-surface altitude (less than about 4 feet).\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements from five wells exhibited trends that were statistically and hydrologically significant. Statistically significant water-level trends were observed for three wells completed in the alluvial aquifer (WW-5a, UE-5n, and PW-3), for one well completed in the carbonate aquifer (SM-23), and for one well completed in the quartzite confining unit (Army-6a).\r\n\r\nPotential causes of water-level fluctuations in wells in the Frenchman Flat area include changes in atmospheric conditions (precipitation and barometric pressure), Earth tides, seismic activity, past underground nuclear testing, and nearby pumping. Periodic water-level measurements in some wells completed in the carbonate aquifer indicate cyclic-type water-level fluctuations that generally correlate with longer term changes (more than 5 years) in precipitation. Ground-water pumping fromthe alluvial aquifer at well WW-5c and pumping and discharge from well RNM-2s appear to cause water-level fluctuations in nearby observation wells. The remaining known sources of water-level fluctuations do not appear to substantially affect water-level changes (seismic activity and underground nuclear testing) or do not affect changes over a period of more than 1 year (barometric pressure and Earth tides) in wells in the Frenchman Flat area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004272","usgsCitation":"Bright, D., Watkins, S., and Lisle, B., 2001, Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4272, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004272.","productDescription":"43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004272","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bright, D.J.","contributorId":106159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisle, B.A.","contributorId":102529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30873,"text":"wri004201 - 2001 - Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T20:20:05.96218","indexId":"wri004201","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4201","title":"Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","docAbstract":"Irondequoit Creek drains 169 square miles in the eastern part of Monroe County. Nutrients transported by Irondequoit Creek to Irondequoit Bay on Lake Ontario have contributed to the eutrophication of the Bay. Sewage-treatment-plant effluent, a major source of nutrients to the creek and its tributaries, was eliminated from the basin in 1979 by diversion to a regional wastewater-treatment facility, but sediment and contaminants from nonpoint sources continue to enter the creek and Irondequoit Bay.
This report analyzes data from five surface-water monitoring sites in the Irondequoit Creek basin. Irondequoit Creek at Railroad Mills, East Branch Allen Creek at Pittsford, Allen Creek near Rochester, Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road, and Irondequoit Creek at Empire Boulevard. It is the third in a series of reports that present interpretive analyses of the hydrologic data collected in Monroe County since 1984. Also included are data from a site on Northrup Creek, which drains a 23.5-square-mile basin west of the Genesee River in western Monroe County, to provide information on surface-water quality in a stream west of the Genesee River and on loads of nutrients delivered to Long Pond, a small eutrophic embayment of Lake Ontario, and data from the Genesee River for comparison of historical water-quality conditions with 1994-96 conditions. Water-level and water-quality data from nine observation wells in Ellison Park, and atmospheric-deposition data from Mendon Ponds, also are included.
Average annual yields of chemical constituents from atmospheric deposition for 1994-96 were generally similar to those for the previous 10 years (1984-93), except for dissolved sodium, dissolved potassium, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate, which ranged from 42 percent (dissolved sodium) to 275 percent (dissolved potassium) greater than during 1984-93, and dissolved sulfate and ammonia, which were about 30 percent less than in 1984-93.
Loads of all nutrients deposited in the Irondequoit Creek basin from atmospheric sources during water years 1994-96 exceeded those removed by Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road—ammonia by 5,600 percent, orthophosphate by 2,500 percent, ammonia + organic nitrogen by 350 percent, total phosphorus by 300 percent and nitrite + nitrate by 140 percent. Average yields of dissolved chloride and dissolved sulfate from atmospheric deposition were much less than those transported in streamflow—yields of dissolved chloride from atmospheric sources were only 1.9 percent, and yields of sulfate were only 9.2 percent, of those transported in streamflow at Blossom Road.
Concentrations of several chemical constituents in streams of the Irondequoit Creek basin showed statistically significant trends from the beginning of their period of record through 1996. The constituents that showed the greatest number of statistically significant trends were dissolved chloride, ammonia, and ammonia + organic nitrogen. Dissolved chloride showed an upward trend at Blossom Road, Allen Creek, and Empire Boulevard and a downward trend at Railroad Mills. Ammonia showed downward trends at Allen Creek, Blossom Road and Railroad Mills. Ammonia + organic nitrogen showed a downward trend at Allen Creek, Blossom Road, and Empire Boulevard. Nitrite + nitrate showed a downward trend at Allen Creek, and orthophosphate showed an upward trend at that site. Turbidity and total suspended solids showed a downward trend at Empire Boulevard. Neither total phosphorus nor volatile suspended solids showed statistically significant trends in concentration at any of the Irondequoit basin sites.
Northrup Creek showed a downward trend in total suspended solids and ammonia + organic nitrogen, and an upward trend in dissolved chloride. The Genesee River showed a downward trend in ammonia + organic nitrogen and chloride, and an upward trend in orthophosphate.
Most constituents for the 1994-96 water years showed lower average yields at Blossom Road than for the 1989-93 water years, but dissolved chloride showed higher yields for the 1994-96 water years at all sites except Blossom Road. Ammonia + organic nitrogen and total phosphorus showed a decrease in yield at all sites after 1993, and nitrite + nitrate showed slightly higher yields for 1994-96 at the upstream, predominantly rural sites, and lower yields at the downstream, more urban sites, than during 1989-93.
The trends and changes in surface-water quality after 1993 can be attributed to several factors within the basin, including land-use changes, annual and seasonal variations in streamflow, and year-to-year variations in the application of deicing salts on area roads. Statistical analyses of long-term (9 years or more) streamflow records of three unregulated streams in Monroe County indicate that annual mean flows for water years 1994-96 were in the normal range (75th to 25th percentile), although Allen Creek showed a statistically significant downward trend in monthly mean streamflow over the 1984-96 water years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monroe County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, D.A., 2001, Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4201, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004201.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401888,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37344.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":324245,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4201/wri20004201.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4201"},{"id":161468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4201/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.3792,43.2748],[-77.3756,43.1898],[-77.3731,43.1221],[-77.3719,43.0329],[-77.4866,43.0321],[-77.4822,42.9431],[-77.5805,42.9438],[-77.635,42.9443],[-77.6374,42.9397],[-77.7582,42.9404],[-77.7602,42.9426],[-77.7583,42.9445],[-77.7527,42.9455],[-77.747,42.9438],[-77.7378,42.9476],[-77.7321,42.9449],[-77.7309,42.9468],[-77.7343,42.9549],[-77.7311,42.9554],[-77.7279,42.9532],[-77.7244,42.9592],[-77.7265,42.9655],[-77.7235,42.9719],[-77.7185,42.9715],[-77.718,42.9738],[-77.7213,42.9797],[-77.7326,42.9818],[-77.731,42.9882],[-77.9101,42.9877],[-77.9098,43.0141],[-77.9068,43.0369],[-77.9527,43.0392],[-77.9083,43.132],[-77.9981,43.1321],[-77.9985,43.2818],[-77.9959,43.3656],[-77.9921,43.3657],[-77.9877,43.3662],[-77.9827,43.3677],[-77.9771,43.3687],[-77.9701,43.3679],[-77.9562,43.3668],[-77.9365,43.3626],[-77.9327,43.3604],[-77.9251,43.3587],[-77.9168,43.3575],[-77.908,43.3572],[-77.9004,43.3565],[-77.8985,43.3551],[-77.894,43.3534],[-77.8902,43.3526],[-77.8737,43.3501],[-77.8592,43.3486],[-77.8523,43.3487],[-77.8333,43.3458],[-77.8149,43.343],[-77.7909,43.3398],[-77.7827,43.3394],[-77.777,43.34],[-77.7733,43.341],[-77.7702,43.3415],[-77.7677,43.3424],[-77.7645,43.3425],[-77.7594,43.3412],[-77.755,43.339],[-77.7486,43.3355],[-77.7409,43.3329],[-77.7339,43.3316],[-77.725,43.3277],[-77.7186,43.3255],[-77.7148,43.3233],[-77.7128,43.3202],[-77.7121,43.3179],[-77.712,43.3161],[-77.712,43.3147],[-77.7126,43.3147],[-77.7145,43.3147],[-77.7152,43.3165],[-77.7178,43.3183],[-77.7216,43.3191],[-77.7247,43.3186],[-77.7278,43.3176],[-77.7291,43.3172],[-77.7284,43.3158],[-77.7252,43.3154],[-77.7214,43.3145],[-77.7189,43.3137],[-77.7176,43.3123],[-77.7181,43.3105],[-77.7181,43.3092],[-77.7105,43.3079],[-77.7079,43.307],[-77.7074,43.3084],[-77.7087,43.3102],[-77.7081,43.3107],[-77.7049,43.3098],[-77.6953,43.3041],[-77.676,43.2916],[-77.6619,43.2832],[-77.6555,43.2797],[-77.6479,43.2775],[-77.639,43.275],[-77.6243,43.2679],[-77.6166,43.2635],[-77.6032,43.256],[-77.5821,43.2463],[-77.5643,43.2393],[-77.5535,43.2367],[-77.5428,43.2351],[-77.539,43.2356],[-77.5359,43.2356],[-77.5272,43.2385],[-77.5135,43.2451],[-77.508,43.2479],[-77.5055,43.2489],[-77.5017,43.2494],[-77.4973,43.249],[-77.4873,43.2505],[-77.4779,43.2538],[-77.4717,43.2562],[-77.4586,43.2587],[-77.4448,43.2616],[-77.4318,43.2673],[-77.4262,43.2701],[-77.4199,43.2697],[-77.4105,43.2703],[-77.403,43.2713],[-77.3961,43.2746],[-77.3886,43.2761],[-77.3792,43.2748]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"NY\"}}]}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/