Chlamydiosis refers to an infection with organisms of the genus Chlamydia sp., which are bacteria that live within animal cells. Chlamydia psittaci is the species generally associated with this disease in birds. The severity of the disease differs by the strain of C. psittaci and the susceptibility of different species of birds. As a result, chlamydiosis may range from an inapparent infection to a severe disease with high mortality. The organism is excreted in the feces and nasal discharges of infected birds and can remain infective for several months. Infection commonly occurs from inhaling the bacteria in airborne particles from feces or respiratory exudates. Because of the organism’s resistance to drying, infected bird feces at roosts are especially hazardous.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., 1999, Chlamydiosis: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15542,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=123","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a1f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001115,"text":"2001115 - 1999 - Miscellaneous diseases","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001115,"text":"2001115 - 1999 - Miscellaneous diseases","indexId":"2001115","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Miscellaneous diseases"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T11:25:12","indexId":"2001115","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Miscellaneous diseases","docAbstract":"This concluding chapter is intended to further inform the reader of the broad spectrum of causes affecting the health of wild birds by illustrating a variety of disease conditions that are not described elsewhere in this Manual. The information in this chapter is not intended to represent a comprehensive description of other causes for ill-health and death in wild birds. Instead, examples are provided of some less commonly reported conditions that, in some instances, illustrate larger health issues. Too little is known about these conditions to currently assess their biological significance as mortality factors in wild birds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., and Thomas, N., 1999, Miscellaneous diseases: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"367","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15562,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=373","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd3a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, N. J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021759,"text":"70021759 - 1999 - Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the Midwest US","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:13:09","indexId":"70021759","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the Midwest US","docAbstract":"Agrichemicals (herbicides and nitrate) are significant sources of diffuse pollution to groundwater. Indirect methods are needed to assess the potential for groundwater contamination by diffuse sources because groundwater monitoring is too costly to adequately define the geographic extent of contamination at a regional or national scale. This paper presents examples of the application of statistical, overlay and index, and process-based modeling methods for groundwater vulnerability assessments to a variety of data from the Midwest U.S. The principles for vulnerability assessment include both intrinsic (pedologic, climatologic, and hydrogeologic factors) and specific (contaminant and other anthropogenic factors) vulnerability of a location. Statistical methods use the frequency of contaminant occurrence, contaminant concentration, or contamination probability as a response variable. Statistical assessments are useful for defining the relations among explanatory and response variables whether they define intrinsic or specific vulnerability. Multivariate statistical analyses are useful for ranking variables critical to estimating water quality responses of interest. Overlay and index methods involve intersecting maps of intrinsic and specific vulnerability properties and indexing the variables by applying appropriate weights. Deterministic models use process-based equations to simulate contaminant transport and are distinguished from the other methods in their potential to predict contaminant transport in both space and time. An example of a one-dimensional leaching model linked to a geographic information system (GIS) to define a regional metamodel for contamination in the Midwest is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA","doi":"10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00042-6","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D., and James, D., 1999, Assessing groundwater vulnerability to agrichemical contamination in the Midwest US: Water Science and Technology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 103-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00042-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206315,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00042-6"}],"country":"United States","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd6e4b0c8380cd49a39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"James, D.E.","contributorId":22927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2001114,"text":"2001114 - 1999 - Newcastle disease","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001114,"text":"2001114 - 1999 - Newcastle disease","indexId":"2001114","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Newcastle disease"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T13:52:00","indexId":"2001114","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Newcastle disease","docAbstract":"Newcastle Disease (ND) in domestic poultry is a focus for concern throughout much of the world’s agricultural community because of severe economic losses that have occurred from illness, death, and reduced egg production following infection with pathogenic or disease causing strains. Prior to 1990, this disease had rarely been reported as a cause of mortality in the free-living native birds of the United States or Canada. Repeated large-scale losses of double-crested cormorants from ND in both countries has resulted in a need for enhanced awareness of ND as a disease of wild birds and, therefore, its inclusion within this Manual. Background information about ND in poultry is needed to provide a perspective for understanding the complexity of the disease agent, Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Some general information about ND in other avian species is also provided, but the primary focus for this chapter is the effect of NDV on double-crested cormorants.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Docherty, D.E., and Friend, M., 1999, Newcastle disease: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15682,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=187","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001094,"text":"2001094 - 1999 - Miscellaneous fungal diseases","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001094,"text":"2001094 - 1999 - Miscellaneous fungal diseases","indexId":"2001094","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Miscellaneous fungal diseases"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T14:02:38","indexId":"2001094","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Miscellaneous fungal diseases","docAbstract":"As for other types of disease, fungal infections probably are more common causes of disease in wild birds than is currently recognized. Also, the similarity in gross lesions produced by some fungi mask the detection of less common fungi as disease agents. Numerous types of disease-causing fungi in addition to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans have been isolated from birds; most isolations have been from poultry and wild birds being maintained in captivity. Enhanced disease surveillance that is often associated with privately owned birds and greater opportunity to detect disease in confined birds are reasons for these findings rather than any known differences in the occurrence of fungal diseases in free-ranging and captive birds. Many of the reported infections appear to have been opportunistic invasions by the fungi involved. The important points are that many fungi are capable of causing disease in birds but their collective impacts do not rival A. fumigatus as a single cause of disease in wild birds. Nevertheless, it is important to be aware of the diversity of pathogenic or disease causing fungi.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1999, Miscellaneous fungal diseases: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=149","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002210,"text":"2002210 - 1999 - Non-native grass invasions and fire in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2002210","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21,"text":"Fact Sheet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"-","title":"Non-native grass invasions and fire in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., and Esque, T., 1999, Non-native grass invasions and fire in the Mojave Desert: Fact Sheet -.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11931,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.werc.usgs.gov/invasivespecies/mojavegrassfire.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6970c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.L.","contributorId":70322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, T.","contributorId":19893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2001113,"text":"2001113 - 1999 - Inclusion body disease of cranes","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001113,"text":"2001113 - 1999 - Inclusion body disease of cranes","indexId":"2001113","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Inclusion body disease of cranes"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T13:59:38","indexId":"2001113","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Inclusion body disease of cranes","docAbstract":"In March 1978, a previously unidentified herpesvirus was isolated at the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) from a die-off of captive cranes housed at the International Crane Foundation (ICF) in Baraboo, Wisconsin. Serological testing of this virus against other previously isolated avian herpesviruses does not result in cross-reactions, thereby supporting this agent’s status as a distinctly new virus. The NWHC assigned the descriptive name, “inclusion body disease of cranes” (IBDC) to this disease when reporting the outbreak in the scientific literature, because the disease is characterized by microscopic inclusions in cell nuclei throughout the liver and spleen.
Very little is known about how this disease is transmitted. As with duck plague and avian cholera, outbreaks are thought to be initiated by disease carriers within a population of birds. The disease likely spreads by direct contact between infected birds and other susceptible birds and by contact with a virus-contaminated environment. Findings of antibody in sera of cranes bled nearly 3 years before the deaths at ICF indicates that the IBDC virus can be maintained in a captive crane population for at least 2 years and 8 months without causing mortality. The IBDC virus has been isolated from the cloaca of antibody-positive cranes, which indicates the potential for fecal shedding of the virus.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Docherty, D.E., 1999, Inclusion body disease of cranes: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"156","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15540,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=165","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f573f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015991,"text":"1015991 - 1999 - Butyltin compounds in river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the northwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T16:07:21.396705","indexId":"1015991","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Butyltin compounds in river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the northwestern United States","title":"Butyltin compounds in river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the northwestern United States","docAbstract":"Butyltin compounds, including mono-, di-, and tributyltin (MBT, DBT, and TBT) were measured in livers of 40 adult river otters (Lutra canadensis) collected from rivers and coastal bays in Washington and Oregon, USA. Butyltins were found in all the river otters, at a concentration range of 8.5–2,610 ng/g, WW. The greatest concentration of total butyltins of 2,610 ng/g, WW, was found in a river otter collected in Puget Sound from Fort Ward, Washington. River otters collected near areas with major shipping activities, such as the Puget Sound, contained significantly greater concentrations (geometric mean: 367 ng/g, WW) of butyltins than those from rivers. Among butyltin compounds, MBT and DBT predominated in livers. The concentrations of butyltins in river otters ranged from comparable (Puget Sound) to less (rivers) than what was found in coastal cetaceans.
","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/PL00006619","usgsCitation":"Kannan, K., Grove, R.A., Senthilkumar, K., Henny, C.J., and Geisy, J.P., 1999, Butyltin compounds in river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the northwestern United States: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 462-468, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00006619.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"462","endPage":"468","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.83721870572916,\n 48.97690946310436\n ],\n [\n -124.90347011041811,\n 48.97690946310436\n ],\n [\n -124.90347011041811,\n 43.24954144900687\n ],\n [\n -119.83721870572916,\n 43.24954144900687\n ],\n [\n -119.83721870572916,\n 48.97690946310436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kannan, K.","contributorId":71130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kannan","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senthilkumar, K.","contributorId":50117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senthilkumar","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Geisy, J. P.","contributorId":10008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geisy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015985,"text":"1015985 - 1999 - Multiscale habitat associations of the sage sparrow: Implications for conservation biology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T11:37:12","indexId":"1015985","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3489,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale habitat associations of the sage sparrow: Implications for conservation biology","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Specimens are used to provide supporting information leading to the diagnosis of a cause of disease or death. A specimen may be an intact carcass, tissues removed from carcasses, parasites, ingested food, feces, or environmental samples. The specimen should be as fresh and undamaged as possible.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., 1999, Specimen collection and preservation: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15578,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=19","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021907,"text":"70021907 - 1999 - Diel movement and habitat use by paddlefish in Navigation Pool 8 of the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T11:46:57","indexId":"70021907","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel movement and habitat use by paddlefish in Navigation Pool 8 of the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"We studied diel movement and habitat use by paddlefish Polyodon spathula implanted with radio transmitters in Navigation Pool 8 of the upper Mississippi River. We radio-tracked five paddlefish during three randomly chosen 24-h periods each month in May, Aug, and Oct 1995. Paddlefish were located by boat one to three times every 3 h during each 24-h period. At each location, geographic coordinates were determined with a global positioning system receiver using the Precise Positioning Service, and depth was measured with a depth sounder. Location coordinates were plotted with ARC/INFO software on a Geographic Information System land–water coverage. Movement distances were calculated as the linear distance between sequential locations. Radio-tagged paddlefish usually remained in a secondary channel that had low current velocity during all seasons, whereas main channel, main channel border, tailwater, and backwater habitats were seldom used. Paddlefish strongly selected areas that were deep; about 62% of paddlefish locations were in areas with more than 6 m of depth, although this habitat constituted only 14.5% of the total study area. However, paddlefish used significantly shallower areas during the night than during the day. Paddlefish moved significantly larger distances at night than during the day in spring and fall, but differences in movement among diel periods during summer were not significant. Our research suggests that radiotelemetry studies that need to determine depth use or movement of paddlefish during small time scales may need to incorporate a diel component. However, study objectives to determine use of general habitat types by radio-marked paddlefish can be adequately met by tracking during the day.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0180:DMAHUB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"02755947","usgsCitation":"Zigler, S.J., Dewey, M.R., and Knights, B.C., 1999, Diel movement and habitat use by paddlefish in Navigation Pool 8 of the upper Mississippi River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 19, no. 1, p. 180-187, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0180:DMAHUB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"180","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288473,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0180:DMAHUB>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.319904,43.812358 ], [ -91.319904,43.885645 ], [ -91.232357,43.885645 ], [ -91.232357,43.812358 ], [ -91.319904,43.812358 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00c2e4b0c8380cd4f8dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zigler, Steven J. 0000-0002-4153-0652 szigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-0652","contributorId":2410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zigler","given":"Steven","email":"szigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dewey, Michael R.","contributorId":9994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2001092,"text":"2001092 - 1999 - Lead","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001092,"text":"2001092 - 1999 - Lead","indexId":"2001092","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Lead"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T11:45:23","indexId":"2001092","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Lead","docAbstract":"Lead poisoning of waterfowl is neither a new disease nor a subject without controversy. The use of lead shot for waterfowl hunting within the United States has been prohibited and efforts are underway to ban the use of lead fishing sinkers and prohibit the use of lead shot for nonwaterfowl hunting. The first documented reports within the United States of lead-poisoned waterfowl were from Texas in 1874. Numerous other reports and studies added to those findings during the years and decades that followed. However, strong opposition to nontoxic shot requirements prevented full implementation of them until 1991. A full transition to nontoxic shot shells for all hunting and to nontoxic fishing sinkers and jig heads for fishing within the United States will not happen easily. The continued use of lead shot and lead fishing weights and the large amounts of these materials previously deposited in environments where birds feed assure that lead poisoning will remain a common bird disease for some time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Friend, M., 1999, Lead: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198626,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15552,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=329","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8979","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friend, M. 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":82634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001090,"text":"2001090 - 1999 - Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001090,"text":"2001090 - 1999 - Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides","indexId":"2001090","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T11:54:22","indexId":"2001090","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides","docAbstract":"The insecticidal properties of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate compounds were first discovered in the 1930s, and the compounds were developed for pesticide use in the 1940s. They have been used increasingly since the 1970s when environmentally persistent organochlorine pesticides, such as DDT and dieldrin, were banned for use in the United States. Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides are generally short-lived in the environment (usually lasting only days to months instead of years) and, generally, chemical breakdown is accelerated as temperatures or pH or both increase.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Glaser, L., 1999, Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=299","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glaser, L.C.","contributorId":49298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022067,"text":"70022067 - 1999 - Overview of hydro-acoustic current-measurement applications by the U.S. geological survey in Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022067","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3157,"text":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of hydro-acoustic current-measurement applications by the U.S. geological survey in Indiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains a network of 170 streamflow-gaging stations in Indiana to collect data from which continuous records of river discharges are produced. Traditionally, the discharge record from a station is produced by recording river stage and making periodic discharge measurements through a range of stage, then developing a relation between stage and discharge. Techniques that promise to increase data collection accuracy and efficiency include the use of hydro-acoustic instrumentation to measure river velocities. The velocity measurements are used to compute river discharge. In-situ applications of hydro-acoustic instruments by the USGS in Indiana include acoustic velocity meters (AVM's) at six streamflow-gaging stations and newly developed Doppler velocity meters (DVM's) at two stations. AVM's use reciprocal travel times of acoustic signals to measure average water velocities along acoustic paths, whereas DVM's use the Doppler shift of backscattered acoustic signals to compute water velocities. In addition to the in-situ applications, three acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP's) are used to make river-discharge measurements from moving boats at streamflow-gaging stations in Indiana. The USGS has designed and is testing an innovative unmanned platform from which to make ADCP discharge measurements.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"11 March 1999 through 13 March 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","usgsCitation":"Morlock, S.E., and Stewart, J., 1999, Overview of hydro-acoustic current-measurement applications by the U.S. geological survey in Indiana: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement, p. 112-116.","startPage":"112","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a720de4b0c8380cd768d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morlock, Scott E. smorlock@usgs.gov","contributorId":3212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morlock","given":"Scott","email":"smorlock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, James A.","contributorId":49824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021241,"text":"70021241 - 1999 - Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T09:28:10","indexId":"70021241","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"A bioenergetics model was developed and corroborated for northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis, an important predator on juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. Predictions of modeled predation rate on salmonids were compared with field data from three areas of John Day Reservoir (Columbia River). To make bioenergetics model estimates of predation rate, three methods were used to approximate the change in mass of average predators during 30-d growth periods: observed change in mass between the first and the second month, predicted change in mass calculated with seasonal growth rates, and predicted change in mass based on an annual growth model. For all reservoir areas combined, bioenergetics model predictions of predation on salmon were 19% lower than field estimates based on observed masses, 45% lower than estimates based on seasonal growth rates, and 15% lower than estimates based on the annual growth model. For each growth approach, the largest differences in field-versus-model predation occurred at the midreservoir area (-84% to -67% difference). Model predictions of the rate of predation on salmonids were examined for sensitivity to parameter variation, swimming speed, sampling bias caused by gear selectivity, and asymmetric size distributions of predators. The specific daily growth rate of northern pikeminnow predicted by the model was highest in July and October and decreased during August. The bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow performed well compared with models for other fish species that have been tested with field data. This model should be a useful tool for evaluating management actions such as predator removal, examining the influence of temperature on predation rates, and exploring interactions between predators in the Columbia River basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0784:DACOAB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J., and Ward, D., 1999, Development and corroboration of a bioenergetics model for northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) feeding on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 784-801, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0784:DACOAB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"784","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, John Day Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -119.564208984375,\n 45.94351068030587\n ],\n [\n -119.564208984375,\n 45.56021795715051\n ],\n [\n -122.14599609375001,\n 45.56021795715051\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a001ee4b0c8380cd4f5cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, D.L.","contributorId":49135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015996,"text":"1015996 - 1999 - Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T08:55:39","indexId":"1015996","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"A basic knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes is needed by management to make informed decisions to protect water resources. In this study we investigated some of the physical and chemical characteristics of 58 lakes in alpine, subalpine, and forest vegetation zones in a natural area (North Cascades National Park Service Complex) between 1989 and 1993. The objectives of the study were to: (1) document the time of ice-out relative to lake elevation; (2) determine how a sharp climate gradient west and east of the hydrologic divide affected the time of ice-out for subalpine lakes; and (3) assess how lake water quality was associated with lake elevation, lake depth, and basin geology. As expected, lake ice-out times occurred earlier with decreasing elevation. East-slope subalpine lakes iced-out earlier than did west-slope subalpine lakes because the east slope of the study area was drier and warmer than the west slope. On average, the lakes were relatively cold, neutral in pH, and low in dissolved substances and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Although some shallow lakes (depth ,10 m) exhibited the highest alkalinities, conductivities, and concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen, most shallow lakes exhibited low values for these variables that were comparable to values observed in deep lakes. Geology did not play a major role in segregating the lakes based on water quality. Overall, lake temperature, pH,\r\nalkalinity, conductivity, and concentrations of total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl N increased with decreasing elevation. These changes in water quality with decreasing elevation in this temperate mountainous region corresponded with warmer air temperatures and increased vegetation biomass, soil depth and maturity, and dissolved substances and nutrients.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002679900228","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., Lomnicky, G., Hoffman, R., Liss, W., and Deimling, E., 1999, Integrating physical and chemical characteristics of lakes into the glacially influenced landscape of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington State, USA: Environmental Management, v. 24, no. 2, p. 219-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900228.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62bbe4b0b290850fe5cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lomnicky, G.A.","contributorId":37697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomnicky","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Robert robert_hoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"robert_hoffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deimling, E.","contributorId":48522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deimling","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021883,"text":"70021883 - 1999 - Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:08:13","indexId":"70021883","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington","docAbstract":"Eocene mafic crust with high seismic velocities underlies much of the Oregon and Washington forearc and acts as a backstop for accretion of marine sedimentary rocks from the obliquely subducting Juan de Fuca slab. Arc-parallel migration of relatively strong blocks of this terrane, known as Siletzia, focuses upper crustal deformation along block boundaries, which are potential sources of earthquakes. In a three-dimensional velocity model of coastal Washington, we have combined surface geology, well data, and travel times from earthquakes and controlled source seismic experiments to resolve the major boundaries of the Siletz terrane with the adjacent accreted sedimentary prism and volcanic arc. In southern Washington and northern Oregon the Siletz terrane appears to be a thick block (???20 km) that extends west of the coastline and makes a high-angle contact with the offshore accreted sedimentary prism. On its east flank the high-velocity Siletz terrane boundary coincides with an en echelon zone of seismicity in the arc. In northern Washington the western edge of Siletzia makes a lower-angled, fault-bound contact with the accretionary prism. In addition, alternating, east-west trending uplifts and downwarps of the Siletz terrane centered on the antiformal Olympic Mountains may reflect focusing of north-south compression in the northern part of the Siletz terrane. This compressional strain may result from northward transport and clockwise rotation of the Siletz terrane into the relatively fixed Canadian Coast Mountains restraining bend along the coast.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/1999JB900106","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., Wells, R., Fisher, M.A., Flueh, E., and ten Brink, U., 1999, Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 104, no. B8, p. 18015-18039, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900106.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"18015","endPage":"18039","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 42.4234565179383\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 50.56928286558243\n ],\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 50.56928286558243\n ],\n [\n -129.5947265625,\n 42.4234565179383\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34de4b08c986b325ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, M. 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Although most families were seen more commonly in coral habitat, they were caught more often in gorgonian areas. Traps probably fished more effectively in gorgonian habitats, especially for migrating species, because traps provided shelter in the relatively topographically uniform environment of gorgonian dominated habitats. Recently, trap fishermen on St. John have been moving effort away from traditionally fished nearshore coral reefs and into a variety of more homogeneous habitats such as gorgonian habitat. Consequently, exploitation rates of the already over-harvested reef fish resources may be increasing. Reef fish managers and marine reserve designers should consider limiting trap fishing in gorgonian habitats to slow the decline of reef fisheries.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1007430407540","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Wolff, N., Grober-Dunsmore, R., Rogers, C.S., and Beets, J.P., 1999, Management implications of fish trap effectiveness in adjacent coral reef and gorgonian habitats: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 55, no. 1-2, p. 81-90, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007430407540.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"90","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c66e4b0c8380cd69c1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolff, Nicholas","contributorId":146719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wolff","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki","contributorId":71292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grober-Dunsmore","given":"Rikki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Caroline S. 0000-0001-9056-6961 caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":3126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Caroline","email":"caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beets, James P.","contributorId":59173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beets","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021964,"text":"70021964 - 1999 - Scale-dependent habitat use in three species of prairie wetland birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021964","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependent habitat use in three species of prairie wetland birds","docAbstract":"We evaluated the influence of scale on habitat use for three wetland-obligate bird species with divergent life history characteristics and possible scale-dependent criteria for nesting and foraging in South Dakota, USA. A stratified, two-stage cluster sample was used to randomly select survey wetlands within strata defined by region, wetland density, and wetland surface area. We used 18-m (0.1 ha) fixed radius circular-plots to survey birds in 412 semipermanent wetlands during the summers of 1995 and 1996. Variation in habitat use by pied-billed grebes (Podilymbus podiceps) and yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), two sedentary species that rarely exploit resources outside the vicinity of nest wetlands, was explained solely by within-patch variation. Yellow-headed blackbirds were a cosmopolitan species that commonly nested in small wetlands, whereas pied-billed grebes were an area-sensitive species that used larger wetlands regardless of landscape pattern. Area requirements for black terns (Chlidonias niger), a vagile species that typically forages up to 4 km away from the nest wetland, fluctuated in response to landscape structure. Black tern area requirements were small (6.5 ha) in heterogeneous landscapes compared to those in homogeneous landscapes (15.4-32.6 ha). Low wetland density landscapes composed of small wetlands, where few nesting wetlands occurred and potential food sources were spread over large distances, were not widely used by black terns. Landscape-level measurements related to black tern occurrence extended past relationships between wetlands into the surrounding matrix. Black terns were more likely to occur in landscapes where grasslands had not been tilled for agricultural production. Our findings represent empirical evidence that characteristics of entire landscapes, rather than individual patches, must be quantified to assess habitat suitability for wide-ranging species that use resources over large areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landscape Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008088429081","issn":"09212973","usgsCitation":"Naugle, D., Higgins, K., Nusser, S., and Johnson, W., 1999, Scale-dependent habitat use in three species of prairie wetland birds: Landscape Ecology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 267-276, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008088429081.","startPage":"267","endPage":"276","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206403,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008088429081"},{"id":229638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b870ee4b08c986b3162a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nusser, S.M.","contributorId":49302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nusser","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, W.C.","contributorId":68003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003686,"text":"1003686 - 1999 - Concentrations of selenium, mercury, and lead in blood of emperor geese in western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-12T18:47:21.304527","indexId":"1003686","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of selenium, mercury, and lead in blood of emperor geese in western Alaska","docAbstract":"We found up to 10 ppm wet weight of selenium in blood samples collected from emperor geese (Chen canagica) on their breeding grounds on the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska, USA. Incubating adult females captured in late May through mid‐June 1997 had significantly higher concentrations of selenium in their blood (mean = 5.60 ppm) than adult females captured during wing molt in late July 1996 (mean = 2.78 ppm). Females that nested early or were in good body condition had higher concentrations of selenium in their blood than did other nesting females. Blood samples from 4 of 29 goslings had detectable levels of selenium (mean = 0.14 ppm). Our findings suggest that emperor geese are exposed to more selenium in the marine environment of their wintering and staging areas on the Alaska Peninsula than on the breeding grounds. The highest concentration of mercury found in the blood of emperor geese was 0.24 ppm. One bird had a blood lead concentration of 0.67 ppm, but 82% had no detectable lead in their blood, suggesting that lead exposure from the ingestion of lead shot poses little threat for emperor geese in western Alaska, contrary to findings reported for sympatric spectacled eiders (Somateria fischeri).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620180522","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., Schmutz, J.A., Creekmore, L.H., and Fowler, A.C., 1999, Concentrations of selenium, mercury, and lead in blood of emperor geese in western Alaska: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 5, p. 965-969, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180522.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"965","endPage":"969","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.95947265624997,\n 61.42694704369651\n ],\n [\n -165.95123291015625,\n 61.257027767972566\n ],\n [\n -165.7177734375,\n 61.254386097464504\n ],\n [\n -165.7012939453125,\n 61.09813403696712\n ],\n [\n -165.61065673828125,\n 61.03169171684714\n ],\n [\n -165.31951904296875,\n 61.023709269797784\n ],\n [\n -165.113525390625,\n 60.97976989482837\n ],\n [\n -164.81689453125,\n 60.97443977804041\n ],\n [\n -164.72625732421875,\n 61.10875187858557\n ],\n [\n -164.849853515625,\n 61.25174420489185\n ],\n [\n -164.95697021484375,\n 61.38751318534717\n ],\n [\n -165.25909423828122,\n 61.51352639751439\n ],\n [\n -165.498046875,\n 61.52138531890536\n ],\n [\n -165.77270507812497,\n 61.510906315517424\n ],\n [\n -165.95947265624997,\n 61.42694704369651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6984dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. 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Avirulent T. gallinae strains that do not cause disease and highly virulent strains are found in nature and circulate within bird populations. The factors that make a strain virulent are not known, but they are thought to be controlled genetically within the parasite. Similarly, the reasons why an avirulent or a virulent form of the parasite is found within a bird population at any period of time also remain unknown. Virulent strains of T. gallinae have caused major mortality events or epizootics in doves and pigeons in addition to less visible, chronic losses (Table 25.1). Infection typically involves the upper digestive tract of doves and pigeons but other species have also been infected (Fig. 25.1).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cole, R.A., 1999, Trichomoniasis: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"206","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=213","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6246bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Rebecca A. 0000-0003-2923-1622","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-1622","contributorId":39719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96742,"text":"96742 - 1999 - Angeles and San Bernardino National Forest mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) surveys, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"96742","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Angeles and San Bernardino National Forest mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) surveys, 1998","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Western Ecological Research Center, Piedras Blancas Field Station","publisherLocation":"San Simeon, CA","collaboration":"Final report prepared for the United States Department of Agriculture, Angeles National Forest, Arcadia, California, through Interagency Agreement (IA-97-5-01-67-019).","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., 1999, Angeles and San Bernardino National Forest mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa) surveys, 1998, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96743,"text":"96743 - 1999 - Impacts of recreation on the desert tortoise and other wildlife in the Red Cliffs Desert Reserve. Report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:52","indexId":"96743","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Impacts of recreation on the desert tortoise and other wildlife in the Red Cliffs Desert Reserve. Report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Haines, D., and McCleave, J., 1999, Impacts of recreation on the desert tortoise and other wildlife in the Red Cliffs Desert Reserve. Report prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f857c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, T. C. 0000-0002-4166-6234","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":76250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T. 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