Immature source rock chips containing different types of kerogen (I, II, IIS, III) were artificially matured in isotopically distinct waters by hydrous pyrolysis and by pyrolysis in supercritical water. Converging isotopic trends of inorganic (water) and organic (kerogen, bitumen, oil) hydrogen with increasing time and temperature document that water-derived hydrogen is added to or exchanged with organic hydrogen, or both, during chemical reactions that take place during thermal maturation. Isotopic mass-balance calculations show that, depending on temperature (310–381°C), time (12–144 h), and source rock type, between ca. 45 and 79% of carbon-bound hydrogen in kerogen is derived from water. Estimates for bitumen and oil range slightly lower, with oil–hydrogen being least affected by water-derived hydrogen. Comparative hydrous pyrolyses of immature source rocks at 330°C for 72 h show that hydrogen in kerogen, bitumen, and expelled oil/wax ranks from most to least isotopically influenced by water-derived hydrogen in the order IIS > II ≈ III > I. Pyrolysis of source rock containing type II kerogen in supercritical water at 381°C for 12 h yields isotopic results that are similar to those from hydrous pyrolysis at 350°C for 72 h, or 330°C for 144 h.
Bulk hydrogen in kerogen contains several percent of isotopically labile hydrogen that exchanges fast and reversibly with hydrogen in water vapor at 115°C. The isotopic equilibration of labile hydrogen in kerogen with isotopic standard water vapors significantly reduces the analytical uncertainty of D/H ratios when compared with simple D/H determination of bulk hydrogen in kerogen.
If extrapolation of our results from hydrous pyrolysis is permitted to natural thermal maturation at lower temperatures, we suggest that organic D/H ratios of fossil fuels in contact with formation waters are typically altered during chemical reactions, but that D/H ratios of generated hydrocarbons are subsequently little or not affected by exchange with water hydrogen at typical reservoir conditions over geologic time. It will be difficult to utilize D/H ratios of thermally mature bulk or fractions of organic matter to quantitatively reconstruct isotopic aspects of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Hope resides in compound-specific D/H ratios of thermally stable, extractable biomarkers (“molecular fossils”) that are less susceptible to hydrogen exchange with water-derived hydrogen.
Placer mining for gold has severely disturbed many riparian ecosystems in northern regions. We are conducting a long-term project to test methods to promote restoration of a placer-mined watershed in Denali National Park and Preserve. The project included hydrological restoration of the unstable and excessively confined stream with heavy equipment. We stabilized the floodplain with bioengineering techniques, including alder and willow brush bars anchored laterally to the channel and willow cuttings along the channel. A moderate flood near the end of construction showed that the brush bars provided substantial protection, but some bank erosion and changes in slope and sinuosity occurred. Subsequent refinements included greater sinuosity and channel depth, pool/riffie construction with stone weirs, and buried alder and willow brush projecting from the bank. The reconstructed stream and floodplain have remained stable for five years, but have not been re-tested by a another large flood. The willow/alder riparian plant community is naturally revegetating on the new floodplains, but vigorous willows which sprouted from branches in brush bars and banks still provide the erosion protection.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: High altitude revegetation workshop No. 13; Information series no. 89","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"High Altitude Revegetation Workshop no. 13","conferenceDate":"4-6 March, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Water Resources Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Densmore, R.V., and Karle, K.F., 1999, Stream restoration at Denali National Park and Preserve, in Proceedings: High altitude revegetation workshop No. 13; Information series no. 89, Fort Collins, CO, 4-6 March, 1998, p. 174-187.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"174","endPage":"187","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338708,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338707,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cwi.colostate.edu/publications.asp","linkHelpText":"This publication is findable using the Search function"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve, Glen creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.58\n ],\n [\n -150.6778335571289,\n 63.51779683618753\n ],\n [\n -150.7866668701172,\n 63.51779683618753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Roseann V.","contributorId":24022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Roseann","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karle, Kenneth F.","contributorId":37461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181039,"text":"70181039 - 1999 - Status and biology of the Steller's eider in Yakutia, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:23:54.869475","indexId":"70181039","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1193,"text":"Casarca","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status and biology of the Steller's eider in Yakutia, Russia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"Russian, English","usgsCitation":"Degtyarev, A.G., Sleptsov, S., Troev, S., Pearce, J.M., and Petersen, M.R., 1999, Status and biology of the Steller's eider in Yakutia, Russia: Casarca, v. 5, p. 249-262.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Yakutia","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a18225e4b0c825128564ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Degtyarev, Andrei G.","contributorId":13775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Degtyarev","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":28156,"text":"Yakutsk Institute of Biology, Yakutsk, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":663423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sleptsov, S.M.","contributorId":179381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleptsov","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troev, S.P.","contributorId":179382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troev","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70171412,"text":"70171412 - 1999 - Modelling removal mechanisms of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in acidic groundwater during the neutralization by ambient surface and ground waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T09:47:46","indexId":"70171412","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling removal mechanisms of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in acidic groundwater during the neutralization by ambient surface and ground waters","docAbstract":"Removal of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd during neutralization of acid rock drainage is examined using model simulations of field conditions and laboratory experiments involving mixing of natural drainage and surface waters or groundwaters. The simulations consider sorption onto hydrous Fe and Al oxides and particulate organic carbon, mineral precipitation, and organic and inorganic solution complexation of metals for two physical systems where newly formed oxides and particulate organic matter are either transported or retained along the chemical pathway. The calculations indicate that metal removal is a strong function of the physical system. Relative to direct discharge of ARD into streams, lower metal removals are observed where ARD enters streamwaters during the latter stages of neutralization by ambient groundwater after most of the Fe has precipitated and been retained in the soils. The mixing experiments, which represent the field simulations, also demonstrated the importance of dissolved metal to particle Fe ratios in controlling dissolved metal removal along the chemical pathway. Finally, model calculations indicate that hydrous Fe oxides and particulate organic carbon are more important than hydrous Al oxides in removing metals and that both inorganic and organic complexation must be considered when modeling metal removal from aquatic systems that are impacted by sulfide oxidation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es9900454","usgsCitation":"Paulson, A.J., and Balistrieri, L.S., 1999, Modelling removal mechanisms of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd in acidic groundwater during the neutralization by ambient surface and ground waters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 21, p. 3850-3856, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9900454.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3850","endPage":"3856","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321899,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5d7e4b0ee97d51a83d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulson, Anthony J. 0000-0002-2358-8834 apaulson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8834","contributorId":5236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulson","given":"Anthony","email":"apaulson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":630915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021028,"text":"70021028 - 1999 - Identifying sources of heterogeneity in capture probabilities: An example using the Great Tit Parus major","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T03:03:10.581759","indexId":"70021028","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1052,"text":"Bird Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Identifying sources of heterogeneity in capture probabilities: An example using the Great Tit Parus major","title":"Identifying sources of heterogeneity in capture probabilities: An example using the Great Tit Parus major","docAbstract":"Heterogeneous capture probabilities are a common problem in many capture-recapture studies. Several methods of detecting the presence of such heterogeneity are currently available, and stratification of data has been suggested as the standard method to avoid its effects. However, few studies have tried to identify sources of heterogeneity, or whether there are interactions among sources. The aim of this paper is to suggest an analytical procedure to identify sources of capture heterogeneity. We use data on the sex and age of Great Tits captured in baited funnel traps, at two localities differing in average temperature. We additionally use 'recapture' data obtained by videotaping at feeder (with no associated trap), where the tits ringed with different colours were recorded. This allowed us to test whether individuals in different classes (age, sex and condition) are not trapped because of trap shyness or because o a reduced use of the bait. We used logistic regression analysis of the capture probabilities to test for the effects of age, sex, condition, location and 'recapture method. The results showed a higher recapture probability in the colder locality. Yearling birds (either males or females) had the highest recapture prob abilities, followed by adult males, while adult females had the lowest recapture probabilities. There was no effect of the method of 'recapture' (trap or video tape), which suggests that adult females are less often captured in traps no because of trap-shyness but because of less dependence on supplementary food. The potential use of this methodological approach in other studies is discussed.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00063659909477251","issn":"00063657","usgsCitation":"Senar, J., Conroy, M., Carrascal, L., Domenech, J., Mozetich, I., and Uribe, F., 1999, Identifying sources of heterogeneity in capture probabilities: An example using the Great Tit Parus major: Bird Study, v. 46, no. S, p. 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Abstract not available
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Barfoot, C., Petersen, J., Sheer, M., and Poe, T., 1999, John Day Dam Phase I Drawdown: Composition of resident fish communities in near-shore habitats of John Day Reservoir, and potential for changes in predator predator-prey relationships.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day Reservoir ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.94779968261719,\n 45.664926152966025\n ],\n [\n -120.94779968261719,\n 45.64332808758249\n ],\n [\n -120.92857360839842,\n 45.63228585970125\n ],\n [\n -120.88119506835936,\n 45.632766001813536\n ],\n [\n -120.82763671875,\n 45.66684557788979\n ],\n [\n -120.68138122558595,\n 45.70426120956251\n ],\n [\n -120.65254211425781,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -120.65803527832031,\n 45.744526980468436\n ],\n [\n -120.71228027343751,\n 45.719603972998634\n ],\n [\n -120.81665039062499,\n 45.6913124767407\n ],\n [\n -120.91896057128906,\n 45.66780526567164\n ],\n [\n -120.93475341796875,\n 45.665406015366976\n ],\n [\n -120.94779968261719,\n 45.664926152966025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheer, M.","contributorId":178684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180177,"text":"70180177 - 1999 - Identification of the spawning, rearing, and migratory requirements of fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Annual report 1996-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T11:31:00","indexId":"70180177","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Identification of the spawning, rearing, and migratory requirements of fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Annual report 1996-1997","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., Connor, W., and Burge, H., 1999, Identification of the spawning, rearing, and migratory requirements of fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River Basin. Annual report 1996-1997.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333895,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79ce4b0ba3b075e05e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Connor, W.P.","contributorId":98090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burge, H.L.","contributorId":57104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burge","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178177,"text":"70178177 - 1999 - Water-sediment controversy in setting environmental standards for selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T13:42:13","indexId":"70178177","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-sediment controversy in setting environmental standards for selenium","docAbstract":"A substantial amount of laboratory and field research on selenium effects to biota has been accomplished since the national water quality criterion was published for selenium in 1987. Many articles have documented adverse effects on biota at concentrations below the current chronic criterion of 5 μg/L. This commentary will present information to support a national water quality criterion for selenium of 2 μg/L, based on a wide array of support from federal, state, university, and international sources. Recently, two articles have argued for a sediment-based criterion and presented a model for deriving site-specific criteria. In one example, they calculate a criterion of 31 μg/L for a stream with a low sediment selenium toxicity threshold and low site-specific sediment total organic carbon content, which is substantially higher than the national criterion of 5 μg/L. Their basic premise for proposing a sediment-based method has been critically reviewed and problems in their approach are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.1999.1833","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Lemly, A., 1999, Water-sediment controversy in setting environmental standards for selenium: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 44, no. 3, p. 227-235, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1833.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemly, A. Dennis","contributorId":176697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemly","given":"A. Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174316,"text":"70174316 - 1999 - The spring runoff pulse from the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:34:29","indexId":"70174316","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The spring runoff pulse from the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"Just about every year there is one major first pulse of snowmelt runoff (streamflow) that marks the transition from winter to spring in high elevation, snowmelt driven watersheds in the western United States. As a index, we have used the record of relatively pristine streamflow at the Merced River, Happy Isles in Yosemite National Park to identify this transition for each year beginning in 1916. Two factors are prominent in determining the timing of the spring runnoff pulse: (1) it is delayed with greater seasonal accumulation of snow pack in the Yosemite region, and (2) the runoff pulse is triggered by a regional weather fluctuation that establishes a warm high pressure ridge over the California region during the spring (mid-March to Mid-May) period. Thus, the pulse involves both seasonal climate variability vis a vis the character of winter/spring water delivery to the western mountains and synoptic conditions associated with abrupt spring warming. Inspection of an extensive array of stream gage records over the western states finds that a simultaneous pulse occurs over a broad collection of high-elevation streams in the region. In this paper, we explore the predictability of the onset of these spring regional warmings, which often are marked by development of high pressure ridge over much of the western United States
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of 14th Conference on Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"14th Conference on Hydrology","conferenceDate":"January 1999","conferenceLocation":"Dallas, TX","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Peterson, D.H., Riddle, L., Dettinger, M.D., and Smith, R., 1999, The spring runoff pulse from the Sierra Nevada, in Proceedings of 14th Conference on Hydrology, Dallas, TX, January 1999, p. 77-79.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"79","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324852,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ams.confex.com/ams/99annual/abstracts/1423.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780cec0e4b08116168223d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, L.","contributorId":47550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, R.","contributorId":83874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174305,"text":"70174305 - 1999 - Time series of suspended-solids concentration in Honker Bay during water year 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:16:15","indexId":"70174305","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"subseriesTitle":"San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances","title":"Time series of suspended-solids concentration in Honker Bay during water year 1997","docAbstract":"Suspended-solids concentration (SSC) responds differently to seasonal variations, such as Delta outflow and wind in shallow water areas than in deep-water channels. Although San Francisco Bay includes extensive areas of shallow water, with about one-half of the surface area of the Bay being less than 2 meters deep (Conomos and Peterson, 1977), deep-water channels along the spine of San Francisco Bay, not shallow waters, are generally sampled by the Regional Monitoring Program (RMP; SFEI, 1997) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS; Buchanan and Schoellhamer, 1996; Edmunds et al., 1997; Freeman et al., 1997).
\nThe purpose of this article is to provide an example of how SSC varies in shallow water. Time series of SSC were measured at several sites in Honker Bay. Measurements were made from December 1996 to March 1997 to observe the first wintertime freshwater flood pulse pushing salinity out of Honker Bay and delivering the first flush of sediment from the Central Valley watershed to the Bay. Instruments also were deployed from April to August 1997 to measure the return of salinity to Honker Bay as freshwater flow diminished, and to measure resuspension of sediment by wind-waves. Honker Bay was chosen because of its ecological significance to many estuarine plants and animals that depend on shallow waters for shelter and nourishment (Atwater et al., 1979; Cloern et al., 1983).
\nTotal concentrations of seven trace elements measured by the RMP are well correlated with SSC (Schoellhamer, 1997a, 1997b). Thus, the spatial and temporal variability of some trace elements of concern to the RMP is analogous to the SSC variability discussed in this article.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"1997 Annual Report: San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances","publisherLocation":"Richmond, CA","usgsCitation":"Ruhl, C., and Schoellhamer, D., 1999, Time series of suspended-solids concentration in Honker Bay during water year 1997: Annual Report, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"82","endPage":"92","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324827,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":324826,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sfei.org/documents/1997-annual-report-san-francisco-estuary-regional-monitoring-program-trace-substances"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Honker Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.00008392333984,\n 38.0414668372173\n ],\n [\n -122.00008392333984,\n 38.091471709750586\n ],\n [\n -121.91116333007811,\n 38.091471709750586\n ],\n [\n -121.91116333007811,\n 38.0414668372173\n ],\n [\n -122.00008392333984,\n 38.0414668372173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577f7d34e4b0ef4d2f45fad6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruhl, Catherine A. 0000-0002-7989-8815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-8815","contributorId":53414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174852,"text":"70174852 - 1999 - Including long-term biological index performance in a multi-criteria Decision Support System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T16:46:35","indexId":"70174852","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Including long-term biological index performance in a multi-criteria Decision Support System","docAbstract":"A Decision Support System (DSS) was developed for the reservoirs operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation that incorporates biological resources in a palette of decision variables. A scoring technique was developed for the DSS to help to evaluate the long-term effects of proposed reservoir system operations on those variables. The biological component of the DSS was developed to help Bureau of Reclamation reservoir operators evaluate the effects of different scenarios of reservoir operations on a variety of water-related biological resources. In this DSS, Reclamation's Reservoir Operations Modeling System (ROMS) is linked to modules evaluating power production, flood control benefits, irrigation water deliveries, municipal and industrial water supplies, habitat for endemic fish communities, tailwater fisheries, nesting habitat for shorebirds, reservoir recreation, reservoir fisheries, and regeneration of riparian cottonwood forests. Operation scenarios generated in ROMS are scored for each decision variable by comparison to a target range of a decision variable for a reference location and time period. The score for a variable is calculated based on the ratio between the percent of time that target conditions are met under alternative operating conditions and under the reference condition, respectively. A scoring technique was developed that recognizes that under either natural or highly managed conditions the reference target is not met at all times. Higher scores are achieved for environmental decision variables by operations scenarios that approach natural seasonal and annual variability in habitat availability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Preparing for the 21st century: proceedings of the 26th annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"26th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","conferenceDate":"June 6-9, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Tempe, AZ","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/40430(1999)211","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T., Bowen, Z., and Bovee, K., 1999, Including long-term biological index performance in a multi-criteria Decision Support System, in Preparing for the 21st century: proceedings of the 26th annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Tempe, AZ, June 6-9, 1999, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)211.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdb2e4b0f1bea0e0f86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, T.","contributorId":101584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Z.","contributorId":51867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bovee, K.D.","contributorId":15954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174531,"text":"70174531 - 1999 - Global to local scale simulations of streamflow in the Merced, American, and Carson Rivers, Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T15:15:58","indexId":"70174531","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Global to local scale simulations of streamflow in the Merced, American, and Carson Rivers, Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Atmospheric moisture transport and moisture budgets during winter (December-April) simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) regional spectral model (RSM) are examined and used to simulate streamflow variations in the Sierra Nevada. The RSM was nested in 2\"-latitude x 2\"-longitude NCEPreanalyzed atmospheric-data fields (as a surrogate for a perfect forecast system operating at the global scale). Precipitation, temperature, and solar insolation simulated by the RSM on a 50-km grid were inputted directly to precipitation-runoff models of the Merced, American, and Carson Rivers in an evaluation of the potential for end-to-end forecasting of streamflow and snowmelt runoff from the Sierra Nevada, near 39\"N 120\"W. Over the western United States, the RSM captures both patterns and magnitudes of precipitation (e.g., Fig. I illustrates observed and simulated precipitation for winter 1982-83). The RSM has dry biases in the Southeast and over the Gulf of Mexico, but it captures interannual and intraseasonal variations well. During most El Nifios, it simulates a precipitation dipole over the western states with wetter-than-normal conditions in California and drier-than-normal in the Pacific Northwest. The Northeast is relatively dry and the southern states are wet, as in observations. The RSM did equally well during La Niiia winters.
","conferenceTitle":"American Meteorological Society's 14th Conference on Hydrology","conferenceDate":"January 1999","conferenceLocation":"Dallas, TX","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., Mo, K., and Jeton, A., 1999, Global to local scale simulations of streamflow in the Merced, American, and Carson Rivers, Sierra Nevada, California, American Meteorological Society's 14th Conference on Hydrology, Dallas, TX, January 1999, p. 80-82.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325140,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sfbay.wr.usgs.gov/publications/pdf/dettinger_1999_streamflow.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb0e4b0589fa1c980ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mo, K.","contributorId":172859,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mo","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70095213,"text":"70095213 - 1999 - Active evaporite tectonics and collapse in the Eagle River valley and the southwestern flank of the White River uplift, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-31T10:37:55","indexId":"70095213","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active evaporite tectonics and collapse in the Eagle River valley and the southwestern flank of the White River uplift, Colorado","docAbstract":"This field trip presents field evidence for Neogene evaporite tectonism, dissolution of evaporates, and related collapse in Eagle River valley and along the southwestern flank of the White River uplift. In the Eagle collapse center, Pennsylvanian evaporite flowed to form anticlinal diapirs, dissolved, and disrupted a lower Miocene basaltic plateau originally at elevations as high as 3.35 km by tilting, faulting, and sagging to elevations as low as about 2.1 km. Also in the Eagle collapse center, the 30 x 10-km, homoclinal Hardscrabble Mountain sank into evaporite during Triassic and Permian collapse followed by Neogene(?) tilting and collapse, based on seismic reflection data. Along the southwestern flank of the White River uplift in the northwestern part of the Carbondale collapse center, parts of the Grand Hogback monocline have collapsed northeastward toward a series of strike-elongate extrusive diapirs. The volume of evaporite removed from the Eagle and Carbondale collapse centers during the Neogene (about 2,250 km3 from an area of roughly 4,500 km2) was calculated by measuring the departure of collapsed basalts from an assumed original basalt plateau. Regional Neogene uplift and incision of the Rocky Mountains, which locally began about 8-10 Ma, probably triggered dissolution and collapse. Presently the Colorado River removes a dissolved-solids load of about 1.4 x 109 kg per year from the two collapse centers.
","largerWorkTitle":"Colorado and adjacent areas","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.97","usgsCitation":"Scott, R.B., Lidke, D., Hudson, M., Perry, W.J., Bryant, B., Kunk, M.J., Budahn, J., and Byers, F., 1999, Active evaporite tectonics and collapse in the Eagle River valley and the southwestern flank of the White River uplift, Colorado: GSA Field Guides, v. 1, p. 97-114, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0001-9.97.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Eagle River, White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.65,38.41 ], [ -108.65,40.7 ], [ -105.12,40.7 ], [ -105.12,38.41 ], [ -108.65,38.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4b15e4b0b290850f0247","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, R. 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Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Budahn, J. 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However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated whether reference toxicity tests can actually be used to determine if organisms are in good condition at the start of a test. We evaluated the ability of reference toxicants to identify stress associated with starvation in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca using acute toxicity tests and four reference toxicants: KCl, CdCl2, sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP), and carbaryl. Stress associated with severe starvation was observed with exposure of amphipods to carbaryl or NaPCP but not with exposure to KCl or CdCl2 (i.e., lower LC50 with severe starvation). Although the LC50s for NaPCP and carbaryl were statistically different between starved and fed amphipods, this difference may not be biologically significant given the variability expected in acute lethality tests. Stress associated with sieving, heat shock, or cold shock of amphipods before the start of a test was not evident with exposure to carbaryl or KCl as reference toxicants. The chemicals evaluated in this study provided minimal information about the condition of the organisms used to start a toxicity test. Laboratories should periodically perform reference toxicity tests to assess the sensitivity of life stages or strains of test organisms. However, use of other test acceptability criteria required in standard methods such as minimum survival, growth, or reproduction of organisms in the control treatment at the end of a test, provides more useful information about the condition of organisms used to start a test compared to data generated from reference toxicity tests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"McNulty, E., Dwyer, F., Ellersieck, M.R., Greer, E., Ingersoll, C., and Rabeni, C., 1999, Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 544-548, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2.","startPage":"544","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":229309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c39e4b0c8380cd52aad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNulty, E.W.","contributorId":45073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNulty","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellersieck, Mark R.","contributorId":80841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greer, E.I.","contributorId":38728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021979,"text":"70021979 - 1999 - Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T16:49:28.913951","indexId":"70021979","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California","docAbstract":"Much of the modern upper (proximal) Monterey fan is a channel–levee complex, the Upper Turbidite Sequence (UTS), that was deeply eroded after the channel breached a volcanic ridge to reach a deeper base level. Ages of sediment samples collected with the ALVIN submersible from the deepest outcrop within the channel–levee system, 390 m below the adjacent western levee crest, indicate that the UTS deposits accumulated at ≥1 m ka−1 during the last 500 ka. Neogene and Early Pleistocene sediment accumulation on the fan prior to the UTS was much slower (<0.03 m ka−1), and underlying turbidite systems(?) had substantially different morphologic expression(s).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s003670050066","usgsCitation":"Normark, W.R., 1999, Late Pleistocene channel-levee development on Monterey submarine fan, central California: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 18, no. 3, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670050066.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489138,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232699","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey fan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 37.10209851973849\n ],\n [\n -123.7968195975298,\n 37.10209851973849\n ],\n [\n -123.7968195975298,\n 35.299385520898596\n ],\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 35.299385520898596\n ],\n [\n -121.6856342263831,\n 37.10209851973849\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a450de4b0c8380cd66fcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021978,"text":"70021978 - 1999 - Streamflow trends in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:20:47.998826","indexId":"70021978","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow trends in the United States","docAbstract":"Secular trends in streamflow are evaluated for 395 climate-sensitive streamgaging stations in the conterminous United States using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. Trends are calculated for selected quantiles of discharge, from the 0th to the 100th percentile, to evaluate differences between low-, medium-, and high-flow regimes during the twentieth century. Two general patterns emerge; trends are most prevalent in the annual minimum (Q0) to median (Q50) flow categories and least prevalent in the annual maximum (Q100) category; and, at all but the highest quantiles, streamflow has increased across broad sections of the United States. Decreases appear only in parts of the Pacific Northwest and the Southeast. Systematic patterns are less apparent in the Q100 flow. Hydrologically, these results indicate that the conterminous U.S. is getting wetter, but less extreme.