{"pageNumber":"3386","pageRowStart":"84625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021913,"text":"70021913 - 1999 - Ontogeny of a flood plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T13:15:48.601688","indexId":"70021913","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ontogeny of a flood plain","docAbstract":"<p>The ontogeny of five flood-plain segments is described for a period of 18 yr following a major flood in 1978 on the Powder River in southeastern Montana. The flood plains developed on relatively elevated sand and gravel deposits left within the channel by the 1978 flood. In cross section, the flood plains resemble benches with well-developed natural levees. Flood-plain growth occurred as sediment was draped onto preexisting surfaces in layers of sand and mud a few centimeters to decimeters thick, resulting in some lateral, but mostly vertical accretion. Annual and biannual measurements indicated that, as the flood-plain segments grew upward, the annual rate of vertical accretion decreased as the partial duration recurrence interval for the threshold or bankfull discharge increased from 0.16 to 1.3 yr. It is clear that a constant recurrence interval for overbank flow cannot be meaningfully assigned to this type of flood-plain ontogeny.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0291:OOAFP>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., Pizzuto, J., and Meade, R., 1999, Ontogeny of a flood plain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 2, p. 291-303, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0291:OOAFP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e59e4b0c8380cd755e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pizzuto, J.E.","contributorId":10572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pizzuto","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021914,"text":"70021914 - 1999 - Active Volcanism on Io: Global Distribution and Variations in Activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021914","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Active Volcanism on Io: Global Distribution and Variations in Activity","docAbstract":"Io's volcanic activity has been monitored by instruments aboard the Galileo spacecraft since June 28, 1996. We present results from observations by the near-infrared mapping spectrometer (NIMS) for the first 10 orbits of Galileo, correlate them with results from the Solid State Imaging System (SSI) and from groundbased observations, and compare them to what was known about Io's volcanic activity from observations made during the two Voyager flybys in 1979. A total of 61 active volcanic centers have been identified from Voyager, groundbased, and Galileo observations. Of these, 41 are hot spots detected by NIMS and/or SSI. Another 25 locations were identified as possible active volcanic centers, mostly on the basis of observed surface changes. Hot spots are correlated with surface colors, particularly dark and red deposits, and generally anti-correlated with white, SO2-rich areas. Surface features corresponding to the hot spots, mostly calderas or flows, were identified from Galileo and Voyager images. Hot spot temperatures obtained from both NIMS and SSI are consistent with silicate volcanism, which appears to be widespread on Io. Two types of hot spot activity are present: persistent-type activity, lasting from months to years, and sporadic events, which may represent either short-lived activity or low-level activity that occasionally flares up. Sporadic events are not often detected, but may make an important contribution to Io's heat flow and resurfacing. The distribution of active volcanic centers on the surface does not show any clear correlation with latitude, longitude, Voyager-derived global topography, or heat flow patterns predicted by the asthenosphere and deep mantle tidal dissipation models. However, persistent hot spots and active plumes are concentrated toward lower latitudes, and this distribution favors the asthenosphere rather than the deep mantle tidal dissipation model. ?? 1999 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6129","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Lopes-Gautier, R., McEwen, A.S., Smythe, W., Geissler, P., Kamp, L., Davies, A.G., Spencer, J., Keszthelyi, L., Carlson, R., Leader, F., Mehlman, R., and Soderblom, L., 1999, Active Volcanism on Io: Global Distribution and Variations in Activity: Icarus, v. 140, no. 2, p. 243-264, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6129.","startPage":"243","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206312,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6129"},{"id":229376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a9e4b0c8380cd4757c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes-Gautier, R.","contributorId":13763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes-Gautier","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smythe, W.B.","contributorId":83689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamp, L.","contributorId":32312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spencer, J.R.","contributorId":106270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Carlson, R.","contributorId":30773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70021855,"text":"70021855 - 1999 - Paleofluid-flow circulation within a Triassic rift basin: Evidence from oil inclusions and thermal histories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T13:20:30.346558","indexId":"70021855","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleofluid-flow circulation within a Triassic rift basin: Evidence from oil inclusions and thermal histories","docAbstract":"The migration of subsurface fluid flow within continental rift basins has been increasingly recognized to significantly affect the thermal history of sediments and petroleum formation. To gain insight into these paleofluid flow effects, the thermal history of the Taylorsville basin in Virginia was reconstructed from fluid-inclusion studies, apatite fission-track data, and vitrinite reflectance data. Models of thermal history indicate that the basin was buried to the thermal maximum at 200 Ma; a cooling event followed during which the eastern side of the basin cooled earlier and faster than the western side, suggesting that there was a differential uplift and topographically driven fluid flow. This hypothesis is supported by analyses of secondary oil and aqueous inclusions trapped in calcite and quartz veins during the uplift stage. Gas chromatograms of inclusion oils exhibit variable but extensive depletion of light molecular-weight hydrocarbons. The relative abundance of n-alkanes, petrographic observations, and the geological data indicate that the alteration process on these inclusion oils was probably neither phase separation nor biodegradation, but water washing. Water:oil ratios necessary to produce the observed alteration are much greater than 10000:1. These exceedingly high ratios are consistent with the migration of inclusion oils along with fluid flow during the early stages of basin evolution. The results provide significant evidence about the role of a subsurface flow system in modifying the temperature structure of the basin and the composition of petroleum generated within the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0275:PFCWAT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Tseng, H., Burruss, R., Onstott, T., and Omar, G., 1999, Paleofluid-flow circulation within a Triassic rift basin: Evidence from oil inclusions and thermal histories: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 2, p. 275-290, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0275:PFCWAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"290","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73e4e4b0c8380cd772f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tseng, H.-Y.","contributorId":77672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tseng","given":"H.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onstott, T.C.","contributorId":47006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onstott","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omar, G.","contributorId":38306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omar","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021854,"text":"70021854 - 1999 - Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-04T13:52:40.191647","indexId":"70021854","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises","docAbstract":"Stress during volcanic crises is high, and any friction between scientists can distract seriously from both humanitarian and scientific effort. Friction can arise, for example, if team members do not share all of their data, if differences in scientific interpretation erupt into public controversy, or if one scientist begins work on a prime research topic while a colleague with longer-standing investment is still busy with public safety work. Some problems arise within existing scientific teams; others are brought on by visiting scientists. Friction can also arise between volcanologists and public officials. Two general measures may avert or reduce friction: (a) National volcanologic surveys and other scientific groups that advise civil authorities in times of volcanic crisis should prepare, in advance of crises, a written plan that details crisis team policies, procedures, leadership and other roles of team members, and other matters pertinent to crisis conduct. A copy of this plan should be given to all current and prospective team members. (b) Each participant in a crisis team should examine his or her own actions and contribution to the crisis effort. A personal checklist is provided to aid this examination. Questions fall generally in two categories: Are my presence and actions for the public good? Are my words and actions collegial, i.e., courteous, respectful, and fair? Numerous specific solutions to common crisis problems are also offered. Among these suggestions are: (a) choose scientific team leaders primarily for their leadership skills; (b) speak publicly with a single scientific voice, especially when forecasts, warnings, or scientific disagreements are involved; (c) if you are a would-be visitor, inquire from the primary scientific team whether your help would be welcomed, and, in general, proceed only if the reply is genuinely positive; (d) in publications, personnel evaluations, and funding, reward rather than discourage teamwork. Models are available from the fields of particle physics and human genetics, among others.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/PL00008908","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"IAVCEI Subcommittee for Crisis Protocols, Newhall, C., Aramaki, S., Barberi, F., Blong, R., Calvache, M., Cheminee, J., Punongbayan, R., Siebe, C., Simkin, T., Sparks, S., and Tjetjep, W., 1999, Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 60, no. 5, p. 323-334, https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008908.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dfbe4b0c8380cd7ef47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"IAVCEI Subcommittee for Crisis Protocols","contributorId":128007,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"IAVCEI Subcommittee for Crisis Protocols","id":535142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newhall, Chris","contributorId":9417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aramaki, Shigeo","contributorId":105071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aramaki","given":"Shigeo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barberi, Franco","contributorId":28762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barberi","given":"Franco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blong, Russell","contributorId":71336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blong","given":"Russell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Calvache, Marta","contributorId":103431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvache","given":"Marta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cheminee, Jean-Louis","contributorId":41611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheminee","given":"Jean-Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Punongbayan, Raymundo","contributorId":51935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Punongbayan","given":"Raymundo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Siebe, Claus","contributorId":24121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siebe","given":"Claus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Simkin, Tom","contributorId":106981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simkin","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sparks, Stephen","contributorId":37490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tjetjep, Wimpy","contributorId":98899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tjetjep","given":"Wimpy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70021853,"text":"70021853 - 1999 - Biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-22T16:50:42","indexId":"70021853","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3088,"text":"Plant Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic mutant of <i>Colletotrichum magna</i>","title":"Biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna","docAbstract":"<p>A nonpathogenic mutant of <i>Colletotrichum magna</i> (path-1) was previously shown to protect watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings from anthracnose disease elicited by wild-type C. magna. Disease protection was observed in stems of path-1-colonized cucurbits but not in cotyledons, indicating that path-1 conferred tissue-specific and/or localized protection. Plant biochemical indicators of a localized and systemic (peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, lignin, and salicylic acid) 'plant-defense' response were investigated in anthracnose-resistant and -susceptible cultivars of cucurbit seedlings exposed to four treatments: (1) water (control), (2) path-1 conidia, (3) wild-type conidia, and (4) challenge conditions (inoculation into path-1 conidia for 48 h and then exposure to wild-type conidia). Collectively, these analyses indicated that disease protection in path-1 colonized plants was correlated with the ability of these plants to mount a defense response more rapidly and to equal or greater levels than plants exposed to wild-type C. magna alone. Watermelon plants colonized with path-1 were also protected against disease caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare and Fusarium oxysporum. A model based on the kinetics of plant-defense activation is presented to explain the mechanism of path-1-conferred disease protection.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Plant Physiologists","doi":"10.1104/pp.119.2.795","issn":"00320889","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Freeman, S., Clifton, D., Morrel, J., Brown, G., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1999, Biochemical analysis of plant protection afforded by a nonpathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna: Plant Physiology, v. 119, no. 2, p. 795-804, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.119.2.795.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"804","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/32157","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"119","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13fe4b0c8380cd4ab18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, R. S.","contributorId":26094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, S.","contributorId":78492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clifton, D.R.","contributorId":104654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morrel, J.","contributorId":51040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrel","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, G.","contributorId":83293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022105,"text":"70022105 - 1999 - Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T14:57:07","indexId":"70022105","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Practical Scheffé‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model","title":"Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Simultaneous Scheffé‐type credibility intervals (the Bayesian version of confidence intervals) for variables of a groundwater flow model calibrated using a Bayesian maximum a posteriori procedure were derived by&nbsp;</span><i>Cooley</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>[1993b]. It was assumed that variances reflecting the expected differences between observed and model‐computed quantities used to calibrate the model are known, whereas they would often be unknown for an actual model. In this study the variances are regarded as unknown, and variance variability from observation to observation is approximated by grouping the data so that each group is characterized by a uniform variance. The credibility intervals are calculated from the posterior distribution, which was developed by considering each group variance to be a random variable about which nothing is known a priori, then eliminating it by integration. Numerical experiments using two test problems illustrate some characteristics of the credibility intervals. Nonlinearity of the statistical model greatly affected some of the credibility intervals, indicating that credibility intervals computed using the standard linear model approximation may often be inadequate to characterize uncertainty for actual field problems. The parameter characterizing the probability level for the credibility intervals was, however, accurately computed using a linear model approximation, as compared with values calculated using second‐order and fully nonlinear formulations. This allows the credibility intervals to be computed very efficiently.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02819","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1999, Practical Scheffe‐type credibility intervals for variables of a groundwater model: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 113-126, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02819.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"126","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479636,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80a7e4b0c8380cd7b118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70022104,"text":"70022104 - 1999 - Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T15:32:08.998976","indexId":"70022104","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images","docAbstract":"<p><span>Tiepoint measurements, block adjustment techniques, and sunrise/sunset pictures were used to obtain precise pointing data with respect to north for a set of 33 IMP horizon images. Azimuth angles for five prominent topographic features seen at the horizon were measured and correlated with locations of these features in Viking orbiter images. Based on this analysis, the Pathfinder line/sample coordinates in two raw Viking images were determined with approximate errors of 1 pixel, or 40 m. Identification of the Pathfinder location in orbit imagery yields geological context for surface studies of the landing site. Furthermore, the precise determination of coordinates in images together with the known planet-fixed coordinates of the lander make the Pathfinder landing site the most important anchor point in current control point networks of Mars.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JE01429","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Oberst, J., Jaumann, R., Zeitler, W., Hauber, E., Kuschel, M., Parker, T., Golombek, M., Malin, M., and Soderblom, L., 1999, Photogrammetric analysis of horizon panoramas: The Pathfinder landing site in Viking orbiter images: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8927-8933, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01429.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"8927","endPage":"8933","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479629,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je01429","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a19e4b0c8380cd78d1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberst, J.","contributorId":103427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberst","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeitler, W.","contributorId":6218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeitler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kuschel, M.","contributorId":26105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuschel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, T.","contributorId":90901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Golombek, M.","contributorId":72506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malin, M.","contributorId":8636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021957,"text":"70021957 - 1999 - Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:53:49","indexId":"70021957","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parts of the South Platte River alluvial aquifer in northeastern Colorado are underlain by the Pierre Shale, a marine deposit of Late Cretaceous age that is &lt;1000 m thick. Ground water in the aquifer is contaminated with NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>‐</sup><span>, and the shale contains abundant potential electron donors for denitrification in the forms of organic carbon and sulfide minerals. Nested piezometers were sampled, pore water was squeezed from cores of shale, and an injection test was conducted to determine if denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and to measure denitrification rates in the shale. Measured values of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>, NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N[NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>], δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N[N</span><sub>2</sub><span>], and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N[NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>] in the alluvial and shale pore water indicated that denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>. Chemical gradients, reaction rate constants, and hydraulic head data indicated that denitrification in the shale was limited by the slow rate of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>transport (possibly by diffusion) into the shale. The apparent in situ first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale based on diffusion calculations was of the order of 0.04–0.4 yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, whereas the potential rate constant in the shale based on injection tests was of the order of 60 yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Chemical data and mass balance calculations indicate that organic carbon was the primary electron donor for denitrification in the shale during the injection test, and ferrous iron was a minor electron donor in the process. Flux calculations for the conditions encountered at the site indicate that denitrification in the shale could remove only a small fraction of the annual agricultural NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>‐</sup><span>input to the alluvial aquifer. However, the relatively large potential first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale indicated that the percentage of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake by the shale could be considerably larger in areas where NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>advection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900004","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Böhlke, J., and Bruce, B.W., 1999, Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1629-1642, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1642","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.953125,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.953125,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180169,"text":"70180169 - 1999 - Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-17T14:25:41","indexId":"70180169","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., Beeman, J., Mesa, M., Hans, K., Robinson, T., VanderKooi, S.P., Haner, P., and Weiland, L., 1999, Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c79ee4b0ba3b075e05f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mesa, M.G.","contributorId":17386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hans, K.M.","contributorId":101835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hans","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Weiland, L.","contributorId":178708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70021955,"text":"70021955 - 1999 - Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:26:29","indexId":"70021955","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Correlation and correlation‐based measures (e.g., the coefficient of determination) have been widely used to evaluate the “goodness‐of‐fit” of hydrologic and hydroclimatic models. These measures are oversensitive to extreme values (outliers) and are insensitive to additive and proportional differences between model predictions and observations. Because of these limitations, correlation‐based measures can indicate that a model is a good predictor, even when it is not. In this paper, useful alternative goodness‐of‐fit or relative error measures (including the coefficient of efficiency and the index of agreement) that overcome many of the limitations of correlation‐based measures are discussed. Modifications to these statistics to aid in interpretation are presented. It is concluded that correlation and correlation‐based measures should not be used to assess the goodness‐of‐fit of a hydrologic or hydroclimatic model and that additional evaluation measures (such as summary statistics and absolute error measures) should supplement model evaluation tools.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900018","usgsCitation":"Legates, D.R., and McCabe, G.J., 1999, Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legates, David R.","contributorId":194273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. Jr.","contributorId":124577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021852,"text":"70021852 - 1999 - Late 20th century increase in South Pole snow accumulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T13:18:51.453729","indexId":"70021852","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late 20th century increase in South Pole snow accumulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>A compilation of the 37-year history of net accumulation at the South Pole [</span><i>Mosley-Thompson et al</i><span>., 1995] suggests an increase in net annual accumulation since 1965. This record is sporadic and its quality is compromised by spatially restricted observations and nonsystematic measurement procedures. Results from a new, spatially extensive network of 236 accumulation poles document that the current 5-year (1992–1997) average annual net accumulation at the South Pole is 84.5 ± 8.9 mm water equivalent (w.e.). This accumulation rate reflects a 30% increase since the 1960s when the best, although not optimal, records indicate that it was 65 mm w.e. Identification of two prominent beta radioactivity horizons (1954/1955 and 1964/1965) in six firn cores confirms an increase in accumulation since 1965. Viewed from a longer perspective of accumulation provided by ice cores and a snow mine study, the net accumulation of the 30-year period, 1965–1994, is the highest 30-year average of this millennium. Limited data suggest this recent accumulation increase extends beyond the South Pole region and may be characteristic of the high East Antarctic Plateau. Enhanced accumulation over the polar ice sheets has been identified as a potential early indicator of warmer sea surface temperatures and may offset a portion of the current rise in global sea level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JD200092","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mosley-Thompson, E., Paskievitch, J., Gow, A.J., and Thompson, L., 1999, Late 20th century increase in South Pole snow accumulation: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D4, p. 3877-3886, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD200092.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"3877","endPage":"3886","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479521,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jd200092","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"D4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44bde4b0c8380cd66d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mosley-Thompson, E.","contributorId":93650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosley-Thompson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paskievitch, J.F.","contributorId":46984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gow, A. J.","contributorId":45070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gow","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, L.G.","contributorId":41610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022017,"text":"70022017 - 1999 - Organic geochemistry in Pennsylvanian tidally influenced sediments from SW Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:45","indexId":"70022017","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic geochemistry in Pennsylvanian tidally influenced sediments from SW Indiana","docAbstract":"Tidal rhythmites are vertically stacked small-scale sedimentary structures that record daily variations in tidal current energy and are known to overlie some low-sulfur coals in the Illinois Basin. Tidal rhythmites from the Pennsylvanian Brazil Formation in Indiana have been analyzed sedimentologically, petrographically, and geochemically in order to understand the character and distribution of organic matter (OM) preserved in an environment of daily interactions between marine and fresh waters. The concentration of organic matter (TOC) ranges from traces to 6.9% and sulfur rarely exceeds 0.1% in individual laminae. Angular vitrinite is the major organic matter type, accounting for 50-90% of total OM. The C/S ratio decreases as the verfical distance from the underlying coal increases. A decreasing C/S ratio coupled with decreases in Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C17, Ph/n-C18 ratios and a shift of carbon isotopic composition towards less negative values suggest an increase in salinity from freshwater in the mudflat tidal rhythmite facies close to the coal to brackish/marine in the sandflat tidal rhythmite facies further above from the coal. Within an interval spanning one year of deposition, TOC and S values show monthly variability. On a daily scale, TOC and S oscillations are still detectable but they are of lower magnitude than on a monthly scale. These small-scale variations are believed to reflect oscillations in water salinity related to tidal cycles.Tidal rhythmites are vertically stacked small-scale sedimentary structures that record daily variations in tidal current energy and are known to overlie some low-sulfur coals in the Illinois Basin. Tidal rhythmites from the Pennsylvanian Brazil Formation in Indiana have been analyzed sedimentologically, petrographically, and geochemically in order to understand the character and distribution of organic matter (OM) preserved in an environment of daily interactions between marine and fresh waters. The concentration of organic matter (TOC) ranges from traces to 6.9% and sulfur rarely exceeds 0.1% in individual laminae. Angular vitrinite is the major organic matter type, accounting for 50-90% of total OM. The C/S ratio decreases as the vertical distance from the underlying coal increases. A decreasing C/S ratio coupled with decreases in Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C17, Ph/n-C18 ratios and a shift of carbon isotopic composition towards less negative values suggest an increase in salinity from freshwater in the mudflat tidal rhythmite facies close to the coal to brackish/marine in the sandflat tidal rhythmite facies further above from the coal. Within an interval spanning one year of deposition, TOC and S values show monthly variability. On a daily scale, TOC and S oscillations are still detectable but they are of lower magnitude than on a monthly scale. These small-scale variations are believed to reflect oscillations in water salinity related to tidal cycles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00196-X","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Kvale, E., Stankiewicz, B., and Portle, K., 1999, Organic geochemistry in Pennsylvanian tidally influenced sediments from SW Indiana: Organic Geochemistry, v. 30, no. 1, p. 57-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00196-X.","startPage":"57","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206719,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(98)00196-X"},{"id":230623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fbbe4b0c8380cd75c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvale, E.P.","contributorId":76076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvale","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stankiewicz, B.A.","contributorId":83676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stankiewicz","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Portle, K.","contributorId":103440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Portle","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021915,"text":"70021915 - 1999 - Frequency-magnitude statistics and spatial correlation dimensions of earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021915","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency-magnitude statistics and spatial correlation dimensions of earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California","docAbstract":"Intense earthquake swarms at Long Valley caldera in late 1997 and early 1998 occurred on two contrasting structures. The first is defined by the intersection of a north-northwesterly array of faults with the southern margin of the resurgent dome, and is a zone of hydrothermal upwelling. Seismic activity there was characterized by high b-values and relatively low values of D, the spatial fractal dimension of hypocentres. The second structure is the pre-existing South Moat fault, which has generated large-magnitude seismic activity in the past. Seismicity on this structure was characterized by low b-values and relatively high D. These observations are consistent with low-magnitude, clustered earthquakes on the first structure, and higher-magnitude, diffuse earthquakes on the second structure. The first structure is probably an immature fault zone, fractured on a small scale and lacking a well-developed fault plane. The second zone represents a mature fault with an extensive, coherent fault plane.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00898.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Barton, D., Foulger, G., Henderson, J.R., and Julian, B., 1999, Frequency-magnitude statistics and spatial correlation dimensions of earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California: Geophysical Journal International, v. 138, no. 2, p. 563-570, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00898.x.","startPage":"563","endPage":"570","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479573,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00898.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206313,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00898.x"},{"id":229377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13d6e4b0c8380cd547d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, D.J.","contributorId":95637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, J. R.","contributorId":78705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021851,"text":"70021851 - 1999 - Early evolution of a stratospheric volcanic eruption cloud as observed with TOMS and AVHRR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:12:28","indexId":"70021851","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early evolution of a stratospheric volcanic eruption cloud as observed with TOMS and AVHRR","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper is a detailed study of remote sensing data from the total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite detectors, of the 1982 eruption of El Chichón, Mexico. The volcanic cloud/atmosphere interactions in the first four days of this eruption were investigated by combining ultraviolet retrievals to estimate the mass of sulfur dioxide in the volcanic cloud [</span><i>Krueger et al.</i><span>, 1995] with thermal infrared retrievals of the size, optical depth, and mass of fine-grained (1–10 μm radius) volcanic ash [</span><i>Wen and Rose</i><span>, 1994]. Our study provides the first direct evidence of gravitational separation of ash from a stratospheric, gas-rich, plinian eruption column and documents the marked differences in residence times of volcanic ash and sulfur dioxide in volcanic clouds. The eruption column reached as high as 32 km [</span><i>Carey and Sigurdsson</i><span>, 1986] and was injected into an atmosphere with a strong wind shear, which allowed for an observation of the separation of sulfur dioxide and volcanic ash. The upper, more sulfur dioxide-rich part of the cloud was transported to the west in the stratosphere, while the fine-grained ash traveled to the south in the troposphere. The mass of sulfur dioxide released was estimated at 7.1 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> kg with the mass decreasing by approximately 4% 1 day after the peak. The mass of fine-grained volcanic ash detected was estimated at 6.5 × 10</span><sup>9</sup><span> kg, amounting to about 0.7% of the estimated mass of the ash which fell out in the mapped ash blanket close to the volcano. Over the following days, 98% of this remaining fine ash was removed from the volcanic cloud, and the effective radius of ash in the volcanic cloud decreased from about 8 μm to about 4 μm.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/1998JD200073","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Schneider, D., Rose, W.I., Coke, L., Bluth, G., Sprod, I., and Krueger, A., 1999, Early evolution of a stratospheric volcanic eruption cloud as observed with TOMS and AVHRR: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D4, p. 4037-4050, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD200073.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4037","endPage":"4050","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"D4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0486e4b0c8380cd50a2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, D.J.","contributorId":12997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coke, L.R.","contributorId":84934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coke","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bluth, G.J.S.","contributorId":79258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bluth","given":"G.J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sprod, I.E.","contributorId":17391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprod","given":"I.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krueger, A.J.","contributorId":73764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021850,"text":"70021850 - 1999 - Biophysical mechanisms of trichloroethene uptake and loss in baldcypress growing in shallow contaminated groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70021850","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biophysical mechanisms of trichloroethene uptake and loss in baldcypress growing in shallow contaminated groundwater","docAbstract":"Wetland vegetation may be useful in the remediation of shallow contaminated aquifers. Mesocosm experiments were conducted to describe the regulatory mechanisms affecting trichloroethene (TCE) removal rates from groundwater by flood-adapted wetland trees at a contaminated site. TCE flux through baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L) Rich] seedlings grown in glass- carboys decreased from day to night and from August to December. The diel fluctuation coincided with changes in leaf-level physiology, as the daytime flux was significantly correlated with net photosynthesis but not with respiration at night. A decrease in seedling water use from summer to winter explained the large seasonal difference in TCE flux. A simple model that simulates gas-phase diffusion through aerenchyma tested the importance of diffusion of TCE vapor from roots to the stem. The modeled diffusive flux was within 64% of the observed value during the winter but could only explain 8% of the summer flux. Seedling water use was a good estimator of flux during the summer. Hence, evapotranspiration (ET) in the summer may serve as a good predictor for the potential of TCE removal by baldcypress trees, while diffusive flux may better approximate potential contaminant loss in the winter.Wetland vegetation may be useful in the remediation of shallow contaminated aquifers. Mesocosm experiments were conducted to describe the regulatory mechanisms affecting trichloroethene (TCE) removal rates from groundwater by flood-adapted wetland trees at a contaminated site. TCE flux through baldcypress [Taxodium distichum (L) Rich] seedlings grown in glass-carboys decreased from day to night and from August to December. The diel fluctuation coincided with changes in leaf-level physiology, as the daytime flux was significantly correlated with net photosynthesis but not with respiration at night. A decrease in seedling water use from summer to winter explained the large seasonal difference in TCE flux. A simple model that simulates gas-phase diffusion through aerenchyma tested the importance of diffusion of TCE vapor from roots to the stem. The modeled diffusive flux was within 64% of the observed value during the winter but could only explain 8% of the summer flux. Seedling water use was a good estimator of flux during the summer. Hence, evapotranspiration (ET) in the summer may serve as a good predictor for the potential of TCE removal by baldcypress trees, while diffusive flux may better approximate potential contaminant loss in the winter.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es981183g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Nietch, C., Morris, J.T., and Vroblesky, D., 1999, Biophysical mechanisms of trichloroethene uptake and loss in baldcypress growing in shallow contaminated groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 17, p. 2899-2904, https://doi.org/10.1021/es981183g.","startPage":"2899","endPage":"2904","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206194,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es981183g"},{"id":229087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f193e4b0c8380cd4acf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nietch, C.T.","contributorId":29592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nietch","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, J. T.","contributorId":70422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vroblesky, D.A.","contributorId":101691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021916,"text":"70021916 - 1999 - Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T12:57:59","indexId":"70021916","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"We constructed a radiometrically calibrated proxy record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change exceeding 230,000 yr duration, using pollen profiles from two cores taken through age-equivalent dry lakes - one core having greater age control (via <sup>230</sup>Th alpha mass-spectrometry) and the other having greater stratigraphic completeness. The better dated of these two serial pollen records (Searles Lake) served as a reference section for improving the effective radiometric age control in a nearby and more complete pollen record (Owens Lake) because they: (1) are situated ~90 km apart in the same drainage system (on, and immediately leeward of, the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada), and (2) preserved strikingly similar pollen profiles and concordant sequences of sedimentological changes. Pollen assemblages from both lakes are well preserved and diverse, and document serial changes in Late Pleistocene and Holocene plant zone distribution and composition in the westernmost Great Basin; they consist of taxa now inhabiting montane forest, woodland, steppe, and desert-scrub environments. The studied core intervals are interpreted here to be the terrestrial equivalent of marine δ<sup>18</sup>O stages 1 through 9; these pollen profiles now appear to be among the best radiometrically dated Late Pleistocene records of terrestrial climate change known.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Litwin, R.J., Smoot, J.P., Durika, N.J., and Smith, G.I., 1999, Calibrating Late Quaternary terrestrial climate signals: radiometrically dated pollen evidence from the southern Sierra Nevada, USA: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 18, no. 10-11, p. 1151-1171, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1171","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206301,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00111-5"},{"id":229345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30ce4b0c8380cd4b588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litwin, Ronald J. 0000-0002-8661-1296 rlitwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1296","contributorId":2478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litwin","given":"Ronald","email":"rlitwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smoot, Joseph P. 0000-0002-5064-8070 jpsmoot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-8070","contributorId":2742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"Joseph","email":"jpsmoot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durika, Nancy J. 0000-0001-7448-8908 ndurika@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-8908","contributorId":4439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durika","given":"Nancy","email":"ndurika@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":596,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022020,"text":"70022020 - 1999 - Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T17:02:04.170889","indexId":"70022020","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":620,"text":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner","docAbstract":"High-resolution automated measurement of the geotechnical and geoacoustic properties of soil at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is performed with a state-of-the-art multi-sensor whole-core logging device. The device takes measurements, directly through intact sample-tube wall, of p-wave acoustic velocity, of soil wet bulk density, and magnetic susceptibility. This paper summarizes our methodology for determining soil-sound speed and wet-bulk density for material encased in an unsplit liner. Our methodology for nondestructive measurement allows for rapid, accurate, and high-resolution (1 cm-spaced) mapping of the mass physical properties of soil prior to sample extrusion.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 Symposium on Nondestructive and Automated Testing for Soil and Rock Properties","conferenceDate":"15 January 1998 through 16 January 1998","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Conshohocken, PA, United States","doi":"10.1520/STP13311S","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Edwards, B.D., and Lee, H., 1999, Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner: ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1350, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP13311S.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1350","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a676de4b0c8380cd73318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021849,"text":"70021849 - 1999 - The influence of seagrass on shell layers and Florida Bay mudbanks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70021849","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of seagrass on shell layers and Florida Bay mudbanks","docAbstract":"Aerial photography indicates that sometime since the early 1970's, an emergent ridge of shell debris developed on a mudbank north of Calusa Key in Florida Bay. Coarse shell deposits on and within the Bay's shallow mudbanks are believed to be the product of transport during major storm events and subsequent winnowing. However, shell material from the ridge contains nuclear bomb 14C, supporting formation within the past 30 years and the last major hurricanes to influence Florida Bay were Donna and Betsy (1960 and 1965). Results from this study suggest that the Calusa ridge and other coarse shell deposits in Florida Bay can result from, 1) periodic seagrass mortality and wave-induced transport during frequent winter cold fronts and/or 2) mollusc blooms and subsequent burial. A survey of bottom types indicates that dense to intermediate beds of seagrass, mainly Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass), occur within the shallow basins of western Florida Bay and along the margins of Bay mudbanks. Wave measurements and modeling indicate that Thalassia along mudbank margins can reduce incoming wave-energy by over 80%. Seagrass beds also host particularly dense populations of molluscs from periodic 'blooms' and are believed to be the major source of coarse sediments in the Bay. Thus, if bank-edge seagrass dies, sediments, including shell debris, become exposed and subject to greatly increased wave energy. Modeling indicates that winds typical of winter cold fronts in South Florida can produce near-bottom velocities and shear stress at a grass-free bank edge which are sufficient to transport coarse carbonate grains. Shell layers found at depth in mudbank cores can also be explained by previous episodes of sediment accretion over mollusc-rich seagrass beds or grass bed mortality at the edge of a mudbank and shell transport during cold front passage. The latter implies that mortality of marginal seagrass beds has occurred throughout the history of Florida Bay and that the historical influence of hurricanes on sedimentation in the Bay may have been overestimated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Prager, E.J., and Halley, R.B., 1999, The influence of seagrass on shell layers and Florida Bay mudbanks: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 15, no. 4, p. 1151-1162.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1162","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad37e4b08c986b323a70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prager, E. J.","contributorId":63076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prager","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halley, R. B.","contributorId":87941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021847,"text":"70021847 - 1999 - Deformation and quaternary faulting in southeast Missouri across the Commerce geophysical lineament","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T13:39:06.844649","indexId":"70021847","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation and quaternary faulting in southeast Missouri across the Commerce geophysical lineament","docAbstract":"High-resolution seismic-reflection data acquired at three sites along the surface projection of the Commerce geophysical lineament in southeast Missouri reveal a complex history of post-Cretaceous faulting that has continued into the Quaternary. Near Qulin, Missouri, approximately 20 m of apparent vertical fault displacement has occurred in the Quaternary. Reflection data collected at Idalia Hill, about 45 km to the northeast, reveal a series of reverse and possibly right-lateral strike-slip faults with Quaternary displacement. In the Benton Hills, 45 km northeast of Idalia Hill, seismic data image a complicated series of anticlinal and synclinal fault-bounded blocks immediately north of the Commerce fault. We infer that most of the deformation imaged in the upper 400 m of these three data sets occurred since post-Cretaceous time, and a significant portion of it occurred during Quaternary time. Collectively, these seismic data along with geomorphic and surface-geologic evidence suggest (1) the existence of at least one potential seismogenic structure in southeastern Missouri outside the main zones of New Madrid seismicity, and (2) these structures have been active during the Quaternary. The geographic location of the imaged deformation suggests it is related to structures along with the Commerce geophysical lineament.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890010140","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., Williams, R.A., Pratt, T.L., Harrison, R., and Hoffman, D., 1999, Deformation and quaternary faulting in southeast Missouri across the Commerce geophysical lineament: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 1, p. 140-155, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890010140.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229633,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -89,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -91,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe42e4b0c8380cd4ec0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harrison, R.W.","contributorId":32188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022021,"text":"70022021 - 1999 - Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:21:55","indexId":"70022021","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker","docAbstract":"<p><span>Acorn Woodpeckers (<i>Melanerpes formicivorus</i>) at Hastings Reservation in central California prefer to nest in dead limbs in large, dead valley oaks (<i>Quercus lobata</i>) and California sycamores (<i>Platanus racemosa</i>) that are also frequently used as acorn storage trees. Based on 232 nest cavities used over an 18-year period, we tested whether preferred or modal nest-site characters were associated with increased reproductive success (the \"nest-site quality\" hypothesis). We also examined whether more successful nests were likely to experience more favorable microclimatic conditions or to be less accessible to terrestrial predators. We found only equivocal support for the nest-site quality hypothesis: only 1 of 5 preferred characters and 2 of 10 characters exhibiting a clear modality were correlated with higher reproductive success. All three characteristics of nests known or likely to be associated with a more favorable microclimate, and two of five characteristics likely to render nests less accessible to predators, were correlated with higher reproductive success. These results suggest that nest cavities in this population are built in part to take advantage of favorable microclimatic conditions and, to a lesser extent, to reduce access to predators. However, despite benefits of particular nest characteristics, birds frequently nested in apparently suboptimal cavities. We also found a significant relationship between mean group size and the history of occupancy of particular territories and the probability of nest cavities being built in microclimatically favorable live limbs, suggesting that larger groups residing on more stable territories were better able to construct nests with optimal characteristics. This indicates that there may be demographic, as well as ecological, constraints on nest-site selection in this primary cavity nester.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological society","doi":"10.2307/4089452","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Hooge, P., Stanback, M., and Koenig, W.D., 1999, Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker: The Auk, v. 116, no. 1, p. 45-54, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089452.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64abe4b0c8380cd72a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooge, P.N.","contributorId":36515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanback, M.T.","contributorId":82487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanback","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, Walter D.","contributorId":46255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022022,"text":"70022022 - 1999 - Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022022","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3157,"text":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","docAbstract":"In 1998, a prototype 300 kHz, side-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was deployed in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) at Romeoville, Illinois. Additionally, two upward-looking ADCP's were deployed in the same acoustic path as the side-looking ADCP and in the reach defined by the upstream and downstream acoustic velocity meter (AVM) paths. All three ADCP's were synchronized to the AVM clock at the gaging station so that data were sampled simultaneously. The three ADCP's were deployed for six weeks measuring flow velocities from 0.0 to 2.5 ft/s. Velocities measured by each ADCP were compared to AVM path velocities and to velocities measured by the other ADCP's.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"11 March 1999 through 13 March 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Duncker, J.J., 1999, Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement.","startPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5321e4b0c8380cd6c8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021846,"text":"70021846 - 1999 - Enhancement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine invertebrates by surface runoff at a decommissioned military fuel depot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021846","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine invertebrates by surface runoff at a decommissioned military fuel depot","docAbstract":"Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) and shore crabs (Hemigrapsus sp.) at a recently closed military fuel depot in central San Francisco Bay, California. In April 1996, during a period of above average precipitation, specimens were collected at the depot, near the depot, and at sites 10 and 20 km south of the depot. Four weeks after the rains ended, blue mussels were again collected at the depot, and at two additional sites in the central Bay region. In April, total PAHs in mussels from the depot were significantly higher only than that in mussels collected 20 km from the depot; however, seven specific, substituted PAHs were higher at the depot than at all other sites. In June, only two of the 38 PAHs common in mussels in April were detected at the depot; these concentrations were comparable to ambient concentrations in mussels at the Bay. It seemed that bioavailability of PAHs at the depot was enhanced by rainfall, probably due to the mobilization of PAHs via groundwater into the Bay. Concentrations in mussels from chronically contaminated sites were about five times higher than mussels collected from the depot. Low PAH concentrations were detected in shore crabs near the depot, and the highest levels were not associated with the depot. Observed PAH concentrations are discussed in relation to upper trophic organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Environmental Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00104-4","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Miles, A., and Roster, N., 1999, Enhancement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine invertebrates by surface runoff at a decommissioned military fuel depot: Marine Environmental Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 49-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00104-4.","startPage":"49","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206401,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00104-4"},{"id":229632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0974e4b0c8380cd51f0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A.K. 0000-0002-3108-808X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":85902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roster, N.","contributorId":69102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roster","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022024,"text":"70022024 - 1999 - Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:21:08","indexId":"70022024","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota","docAbstract":"Linear models were developed for predicting mean Secchi disk depth readings as a measure of water clarity for the summer months in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. The 20-yr (1976-1995) data set also included external phosphorus (P) loadings and in-lake April P concentrations as indices of lake nutrient status, and monthly (28 d) water column stabilities and Daphnia biomasses as indices of lake mixing and algal grazing potentials, respectively. June Secchi depths were mostly controlled by food web dynamics, which dictated whether the larger-bodied Daphnia pulicaria or the smaller-bodied D. galeata mendotae dominated during the spring clear-water phase. May Daphnia biomasses were significantly greater in D. pulicaria-dominated years than in D. galeata-dominated years; D. pulicaria-year biomasses were also greater during the summer months. The model for the midsummer (July-August) months indicated that Secchi depths were inversely related to April P concentrations and positively related to midsummer Daphnia biomasses and lake stabilities. Scenarios for midsummer Secchi depths were tested using the observed minimum and maximum values for each predictor variate. While holding two variates constant, April P, Daphnia biomass, and lake stability each resulted in relatively similar Secchi ranges (0.81, 0.81, and 1.17 m, respectively). Our results suggest that summer water clarity in eutrophic Lake Mendota is controlled by interacting ecosystem processes linked to land use activities, lake food web dynamics, and climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Lathrop, R., Carpenter, S., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 1, p. 137-146.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f45e4b08c986b31e464","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lathrop, R.C.","contributorId":56827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, S.R.","contributorId":84534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021757,"text":"70021757 - 1999 - Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:57:56.140057","indexId":"70021757","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California","docAbstract":"The silicic lava domes of Chaos Crags in Lassen Volcanic National Park contain a suite of variably quenched, hybrid basaltic andesite magmatic inclusions. The inclusions represent thorough mixing between rhyodacite and basalt recharge liquids accompanied by some mechanical disaggregation of the inclusions resulting in crystals mixing into the rhyodacite host preserved by quenching on dome emplacement. 87Sr/86Sr ratios (~0.7037-0.7038) of the inclusions are distinctly lower than those of the host rhyodacite (~0.704-0.7041), which are used to fingerprint the origin of mineral components and to monitor the mixing and mingling process. Chemical, isotopic, and textural characteristics indicate that the inclusions are hybrid magmas formed from the mixing and undercooling of recharge basaltic magma with rhyodacitic magma. All the host magma phenocrysts (biotite, plagioclase, hornblende and quartz crystals) also occur in the inclusions, where they are rimmed by reaction products. Compositional and strontium isotopic data from cores of unresorbed plagioclase crystals in the host rhyodacite, partially resorbed plagioclase crystals enclosed within basaltic andesite inclusions, and partially resorbed plagioclase crystals in the rhyodacitic host are all similar. Rim 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the partially resorbed plagioclase crystals in both inclusions and host are lower and close to those of the whole-rock hybrid basaltic andesite values. This observation indicates that some crystals originally crystallized in the silicic host, were partially resorbed and subsequently overgrown in the hybrid basaltic andesite magma, and then some of these partially resorbed plagioclase crystals were recycled back into the host rhyodacite. Textural evidence, in the form of sieve zones and major dissolution boundaries of the resorbed plagioclase crystals, indicates immersion of crystals into a hotter, more calcic magma. The occurrence of partially resorbed plagioclase together with plagioclase microlites and olivine crystals reflects disaggregation of inclusions and mingling of this material into the silicic host. These processes are commonplace in some orogenic magma systems and may be elucidated by isotopic microsampling and analysis of the plagioclases crystallizing from them.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petroj/40.5.787","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Tepley, F.J., Davidson, J., and Clynne, M., 1999, Magmatic interactions as recorded in plagioclase phenocrysts of Chaos Crags, Lassen Volcanic Center, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 40, no. 5, p. 787-806, https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.5.787.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"787","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/40.5.787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4b49e4b0c8380cd69426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepley, F. J. III","contributorId":99723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepley","given":"F.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022079,"text":"70022079 - 1999 - Oil, gas field growth projections: Wishful thinking or reality?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T16:59:18","indexId":"70022079","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oil, gas field growth projections: Wishful thinking or reality?","docAbstract":"The observed `field growth' for the period from 1992 through 1996 with the US Geological Survey's (USGS) predicted field growth for the same period are compared. Known field recovery of field size is defined as the sum of past cumulative field production and the field's proved reserves. Proved reserves are estimated quantities of hydrocarbons which geologic and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to recoverable from known fields under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved reserve estimates calculated with this definition are typically conservative. The modeling approach used by the USGS to characterize `field growth phenomena' is statistical rather that geologic in nature.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., Mast, R., and Root, D.H., 1999, Oil, gas field growth projections: Wishful thinking or reality?: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 97, no. 14.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-97/issue-14/in-this-issue/exploration/oil-gas-field-growth-projections-wishful-thinking-or-reality.html"}],"volume":"97","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d13e4b0c8380cd74f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, R. F.","contributorId":102887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}