{"pageNumber":"3388","pageRowStart":"84675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021571,"text":"70021571 - 1999 - A source of unlimited energy?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021571","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1507,"text":"Energy (Norwalk, Connecticut)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A source of unlimited energy?","docAbstract":"Gas hydrates will follow a predictable path to commercialization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy (Norwalk, Connecticut)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01499386","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 1999, A source of unlimited energy?: Energy (Norwalk, Connecticut), v. 24, no. 3.","startPage":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e59ee4b0c8380cd46e8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021793,"text":"70021793 - 1999 - Ten years of studies on Maryland's inner Continental Margin and coastal bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T19:12:51","indexId":"70021793","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2669,"text":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ten years of studies on Maryland's inner Continental Margin and coastal bays","docAbstract":"During the past ten years of the Association of American State Geologists-Mineral Management Service Continental Margins Program, the Maryland Geological Survey investigated the sedimentological, paleontological, stratigraphical and geophysical character of Maryland's inner continental shelf. Based on seismic records and sedimentological analyses completed during the first four years, a late Quaternary stratigraphic model was developed. Five distinct stratigraphic units were identified and described on the Maryland inner shelf. These units represent late Pleistocene interglacial deposits, the oldest of which corresponds to pre-Illinoian (oxygen-isotope stages 7 and/or 9) transgressive shelf sands. Overlying the Q1 unit, the Q2 unit is a 6-meter thick mud sequence of oxygen-isotope stage 5 (128-75 ka) age. Units Q3 and Q4 representing fluvial and leading edge estuarine deposits (oxygen-isotope stages 4, 3 and 2) filled numerous paleochannels that were incised into units Q2 and Q1. Modern trailing-edge transgressive shelf shoals (Unit Q5) discontinuously cap the sequence. The 5th and 6th years studies reported on the economic minerals of surficial and cored sediments. Vibracores collected off the Maryland's shelf during previous studies were analyzed for mineral types and abundances, weight percent of general size fractions, and heavy mineral (HM) content. Mineralogic maturity indices were compiled to correlate the THM and economic heavy minerals (EHM) abundances with position offshore, sediment type, and the indices themselves. For the 7th year, the Maryland Geological Survey re-examined geophysical records and lithological data originally collected by the Army Corps of Engineers to locate and assess beach fill borrow areas for the Ocean City Beach Replenishment Project. Data from 163 vibracores and over 300 kilometers of high-resolution seismic profile records collected off Ocean City, Maryland, supported the stratigraphic model developed by MGS during the first four years of the AASG-MMS program. The Maryland coastal bays became the focus of study during the 8th and 9th years during which seismic records, cores and surficial sediment were collected in Isle of Wight and Assawoman Bays. Shallow pretransgression surface was mapped, relating the existing streams to offshore paleochannels. The tenth year study focused on developing a repository for vibracores collected on Maryland's inner continental shelf.During the past ten years of the Association of American State Geologists-Mineral Management Service Continental Margins Program, the Maryland Geological Survey investigated the sedimentological, paleontological, stratigraphical and geophysical character of Maryland's inner continental shelf. Based on seismic records and sedimentological analysis completed during the first four years, a late quaternary stratigraphic model was developed. Five distinct stratigraphic units were identified and described on the Maryland inner shelf. These units represent late Pleistocene interglacial deposits, the oldest of which corresponds to pre-Illinoian transgressive shelf sands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Georesources and Geotechnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Ltd","publisherLocation":"London, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/106411999273792","issn":"1064119X","usgsCitation":"Kerhin, R., Conkwright, R., and Wells, D., 1999, Ten years of studies on Maryland's inner Continental Margin and coastal bays: Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, v. 17, no. 2-3, p. 127-137, https://doi.org/10.1080/106411999273792.","startPage":"127","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268185,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/106411999273792"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba539e4b08c986b3208d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerhin, R.T.","contributorId":38189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerhin","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conkwright, R.","contributorId":69717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conkwright","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wells, D.","contributorId":35893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021411,"text":"70021411 - 1999 - The relative importance of light and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth: A simple index of coastal ecosystem sensitivity to nutrient enrichment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:40:31","indexId":"70021411","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":863,"text":"Aquatic Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relative importance of light and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth: A simple index of coastal ecosystem sensitivity to nutrient enrichment","docAbstract":"<p>Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone is now a well-established fact. However, there is still uncertainty about the mechanisms through which nutrient enrichment can disrupt biological communities and ecosystem processes in the coastal zone. For example, while some estuaries exhibit classic symptoms of acute eutrophication, including enhanced production of algal biomass, other nutrient-rich estuaries maintain low algal biomass and primary production. This implies that large differences exist among coastal ecosystems in the rates and patterns of nutrient assimilation and cycling. Part of this variability comes from differences among ecosystems in the other resource that can limit algal growth and production - the light energy required for photosynthesis. Complete understanding of the eutrophication process requires consideration of the interacting effects of light and nutrients, including the role of light availability as a regulator of the expression of eutrophication. A simple index of the relative strength of light and nutrient limitation of algal growth can be derived from models that describe growth rate as a function of these resources. This index can then be used as one diagnostic to classify the sensitivity of coastal ecosystems to the harmful effects of eutrophication. Here I illustrate the application of this diagnostic with light and nutrient measurements made in three California estuaries and two Dutch estuaries.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1009952125558","issn":"13862588","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., 1999, The relative importance of light and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth: A simple index of coastal ecosystem sensitivity to nutrient enrichment: Aquatic Ecology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009952125558.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206514,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009952125558"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf2ce4b08c986b3245da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021165,"text":"70021165 - 1999 - Effects of layered sediments on the guided wave in crosswell radar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T12:26:26.404624","indexId":"70021165","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of layered sediments on the guided wave in crosswell radar data","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-sm-8 col-md-8 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>To understand how layered sediments affect the guided wave in crosswell radar data, traces are calculated for a model representing a sand layer between two clay layers. A guided wave propagates if the wavelengths in the sand layer are similar to the thickness of the sand layer. The amplitude of the guided wave but not its initial traveltime is affected by the thickness of the sand layer. In contrast, both the amplitude and the initial traveltime are affected by the locations of the transmitting and receiving antennas, the electrical conductivity of the sand layer, and the dielectric permittivity of the sand layer. This permittivity can be estimated from the initial traveltime. The effects of the layering on the waves in these calculated traces also are observed in field traces, which were collected in layered sediments.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1444674","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., 1999, Effects of layered sediments on the guided wave in crosswell radar data: Geophysics, v. 64, no. 6, p. 1698-1707, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444674.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1698","endPage":"1707","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229815,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a073ee4b0c8380cd51600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021237,"text":"70021237 - 1999 - Early Devonian (late Emsian) Brachiopods from Zhongping, Xiangzhou, central Guangxi, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021237","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3377,"text":"Senckenbergiana Lethaea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early Devonian (late Emsian) Brachiopods from Zhongping, Xiangzhou, central Guangxi, China","docAbstract":"The brachiopod fauna (20 species in 6 genera) from the Ma'anshan section of the Emsian Dale Formation at Zhongping, Xiangzhou county, central Guangxi is described. The fauna is dominated by spire-bearing brachiopods. One new genus and 4 new species are proposed: the smooth-shelled, septalium-bearing Lubricospirifer gumoensis gen. et sp. nov., Parathyrisina transitoria sp. nov., Acrospirifer shipengensis sp. nov. and Barbarothyris? luhuiensis sp. nov. Athyrisinoidea Chen and Wan 1980 is regarded as equating partly with Athyrisina partly with Parathyrisina. Excellence of preservation has provided an opportunity to present internal structure - obtained from serial sections - for 12 of the 20 species represented.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Senckenbergiana Lethaea","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00372110","usgsCitation":"Chen, X., and Yao, Z., 1999, Early Devonian (late Emsian) Brachiopods from Zhongping, Xiangzhou, central Guangxi, China: Senckenbergiana Lethaea, v. 79, no. 1, p. 223-265.","startPage":"223","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0476e4b0c8380cd509d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, X.-Q.","contributorId":97271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"X.-Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yao, Z.-G.","contributorId":24513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yao","given":"Z.-G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021693,"text":"70021693 - 1999 - Factors influencing wild turkey hen survival in southcentral Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T11:04:18.843046","indexId":"70021693","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing wild turkey hen survival in southcentral Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802663","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, M.W., Garner, D., and Klaas, E., 1999, Factors influencing wild turkey hen survival in southcentral Iowa: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 2, p. 731-738, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802663.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"731","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ed2e4b0c8380cd53645","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, Michael W.","contributorId":67236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, D.L.","contributorId":105823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021723,"text":"70021723 - 1999 - The rise and fall of late Paleozoic trilobites of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:39:06.715181","indexId":"70021723","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise and fall of late Paleozoic trilobites of the United States","docAbstract":"Based on range data and generic composition, four stages of evolution are recognized for late Paleozoic trilobites of the contiguous United States. Stage 1 occurs in the Lower Mississippian (Kinderhookian-Osagean) and is characterized by a generically diverse association of short-ranging, stenotopic species that are strongly provincial. Stage 2 species are present in the Upper Mississippian and consist of a single, eurytopic, pandemic genus, Paladin. Species of Stage 2 are much longer-ranging than those of Stage 1, and some species may have persisted for as long as 12 m.y. Stage 3 is present within Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian strata and consists initially of the eurytopic, endemic genera Sevillia and Ameura as well as the pandemic genus Ditomopyge. During the middle Pennsylvanian the very long-ranging species Ameura missouriensis and Ditomopyge scitula survived for more than 20 m.y. During the late Pennsylvanian and early Permian, a number of pandemic genera appear to have immigrated into what is now North America. Stage 4 is restricted to the Upper Permian (late Leonardian-Guadalupian) strata and is characterized by short-ranging, stenotopic, provincial genera. The main causal factor controlling the four-stage evolution of late Paleozoic trilobites of the United States is interpreted to be eustacy. Whereas Stage 1 represents an adaptive radiation developed during the Lower Mississippian inundation of North America by the Kaskaskia Sequence, Stage 2 is present in strata deposited during the regression of the Kaskaskia sea. Stage 3 was formed during the transgression and stillstand of the Absaroka Sequence and, although initially endemic, Stage 3 faunas are strongly pandemic in the end when oceanic circulation patterns were at a maximum. A mid-Leonardian sea-level drop caused the extinction of Stage 3 fauna. Sea-level rise near the end of the Leonardian and into the Guadalupian created an adaptive radiation of stentopic species of Stage 4 that quickly became extinct with the latest Permian regression.","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., 1999, The rise and fall of late Paleozoic trilobites of the United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 164-175.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":429511,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1306777"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf45e4b08c986b324687","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021217,"text":"70021217 - 1999 - Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:37:55","indexId":"70021217","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction","docAbstract":"<p>Selenium stable isotope ratio measurements should serve as indicators of sources and biogeochemical transformations of Se. We report measurements of Se isotope fractionation during selenate reduction, selenite sorption, oxidation of reduced Se in soils, and Se volatilization by algae and soil samples. These results, combined with previous work with Se isotopes, indicate that reduction of soluble oxyanions is the dominant cause of Se isotope fractionation. Accordingly, Se isotope ratios should be useful as indicators of oxyanion reduction, which can transform mobile species to forms that are less mobile and less bioavailable. Additional investigations of Se isotope fractionation are needed to confirm this preliminary assessment.</p><p>We have developed a new method for measurement of natural Se isotope ratio variation which requires less than 500 ng Se per analysis and yields ±0.2‰ precision on<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>80</sup>Se/<sup>76</sup>Se. A double isotope spike technique corrects for isotopic fractionation during sample preparation and mass spectrometry. The small minimum sample size is important, as Se concentrations are often below 1 ppm in solids and 1 μg/L in fluids. The Se purification process is rapid and compatible with various sample matrices, including acidic rock or sediment digests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., Herbel, M., Bullen, T., and Zawislanski, P., 1999, Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 18, p. 2775-2783, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2775","endPage":"2783","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3"}],"volume":"63","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf9e4b08c986b3181f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zawislanski, P.T.","contributorId":86134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawislanski","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021842,"text":"70021842 - 1999 - Poisoning of raptors with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides with emphasis on Canada, U.S. and U.K.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T10:52:01","indexId":"70021842","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Poisoning of raptors with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides with emphasis on Canada, U.S. and U.K.","docAbstract":"<p>We reviewed cases of raptor mortality resulting from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. We compiled records from the U.S., U.K. and Canada for the period 1985-95 (520 incidents) and surveyed the relevant literature to identify the main routes of exposure and those products that led to the greatest number of poisoning cases. A high proportion of cases in the U.K. resulted from abusive uses of pesticides (willful poisoning). The proportion was smaller in North America where problems with labeled uses of pesticides were as frequent as abuse cases. Poisoning resulting from labeled use was possible with a large number of granular pesticides and some seed treatments through secondary poisoning or through the ingestion of contaminated invertebrates, notably earthworms. With the more toxic products, residue levels in freshly-sprayed insects were high enough to cause mortality. The use of organophosphorus products as avicides and for the topical treatment of livestock appeared to be common routes of intoxication. The use of insecticides in dormant oils also gave rise to exposure that can be lethal or which can debilitate birds and increase their vulnerability. A few pesticides of high toxicity were responsible for the bulk of poisoning cases. Based on limited information, raptors appeared to be more sensitive than other bird species to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. Some of the more significant risk factors that resulted in raptor poisonings were: insectivory and vermivory; opportunistic taking of debilitated prey; scavenging, especially if the gastrointestinal tracts are consumed; presence in agricultural areas; perceived status as pest species; and flocking or other gregarious behavior at some part of their life cycle. Lethal or sublethal poisoning should always be considered in the diagnosis of dead or debilitated raptors even when another diagnosis (e.g., electrocution, car or building strike) is apparent. Many cases of poisoning are not currently diagnosed as such and, even when diagnosed, the information is often not made available to regulatory authorities. The importance of pesticide intoxications relative to other sources of mortality is highly variable in time and place; on a regional level, the increased mortality of raptors resulting from cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides can be significant, especially in the case of rare species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Mineau, P., Fletcher, M., Glaser, L., Thomas, N., Brassard, C., Wilson, L.K., Elliott, J.E., Lyon, L., Henny, C.J., Bollinger, T., and Porter, S., 1999, Poisoning of raptors with organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides with emphasis on Canada, U.S. and U.K.: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-37.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science 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P.","contributorId":86067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mineau","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, M.R.","contributorId":77317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, L.C.","contributorId":49298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, N. J. 0000-0002-0161-0391","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-0391","contributorId":49731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brassard, C.","contributorId":91650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brassard","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, L. K.","contributorId":99511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lyon, L.A.","contributorId":33080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bollinger, T.","contributorId":11978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Porter, S.L.","contributorId":41171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70021933,"text":"70021933 - 1999 - Mining geology of the Pond Creek seam, Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian, in part of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021933","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mining geology of the Pond Creek seam, Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian, in part of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, USA","docAbstract":"The Pond Creek seam is one of the leading producers of coal in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field. The geologic factors that affect mining were investigated in several underground mines and categorized in terms of coal thickness, coal quality, and roof control. The limits of mining and thick coal are defined by splitting along the margin of the coal body. Within the coal body, local thickness variation occurs because of (1) leader coal benches filling narrow, elongated depressions, (2) rider coal benches coming near to or merging with the main bench, (3) overthrust coal benches being included along paleochannel margins, (4) cutouts occuring beneath paleochannels, and (5) very hard and unusual rock partings occuring along narrow, elongated trends. In the study area, the coal is mostly mined as a compliance product: sulfur contents are less than 1% and ash yields are less than 10%. Local increases in sulfur occur beneath sandstones, and are inferred to represent post-depositional migration of fluids through porous sands into the coal. Run-of-mine quality is also affected by several mine-roof conditions and trends of densely concentrated rock partings, which lead to increased in- and out-of-seam dilution and overall ash content of the mined coal. Roof control is largely a function of a heterolithic facies mosaic of coastal-estuarine origin, regional fracture trends, and unloading stress related to varying mine depth beneath the surface. Lateral variability of roof facies is the rule in most mines. The largest falls occur beneath modern valleys and parallel fractures, along paleochannel margins, within tidally affected 'stackrock,' and beneath rider coals. Shale spalling, kettlebottoms, and falls within other more isolated facies also occur. Many of the lithofacies, and falls related to bedding weaknesses within or between lithofacies, occur along northeast-southwest trends, which can be projected in advance of mining. Fracture-related falls occur independently of lithofacies trends along northwest-southeast trends, especially beneath modern valleys where overburden thickness decreases sharply. Differentiating roof falls related to these trends can aid in predicting roof quality in advance of mining.The Pond Creek-Lower Elkhorn seam has been an important exploration target because it typically has very low sulfur contents and ash yields. Geologic research in several large Pond Creek mines suggested variability in roof quality and coal thickness. Due to mine access, geologic problems encountered during mining are documented and described.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00010-5","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Greb, S., and Popp, J., 1999, Mining geology of the Pond Creek seam, Pikeville Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian, in part of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 41, no. 1-2, p. 25-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00010-5.","startPage":"25","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206322,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(99)00010-5"},{"id":229422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b10e4b0c8380cd6f2db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popp, J.T.","contributorId":24510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popp","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021443,"text":"70021443 - 1999 - Evaluating data worth for ground-water management under uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021443","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2501,"text":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating data worth for ground-water management under uncertainty","docAbstract":"A decision framework is presented for assessing the value of ground-water sampling within the context of ground-water management under uncertainty. The framework couples two optimization models-a chance-constrained ground-water management model and an integer-programing sampling network design model-to identify optimal pumping and sampling strategies. The methodology consists of four steps: (1) The optimal ground-water management strategy for the present level of model uncertainty is determined using the chance-constrained management model; (2) for a specified data collection budget, the monitoring network design model identifies, prior to data collection, the sampling strategy that will minimize model uncertainty; (3) the optimal ground-water management strategy is recalculated on the basis of the projected model uncertainty after sampling; and (4) the worth of the monitoring strategy is assessed by comparing the value of the sample information-i.e., the projected reduction in management costs-with the cost of data collection. Steps 2-4 are repeated for a series of data collection budgets, producing a suite of management/monitoring alternatives, from which the best alternative can be selected. A hypothetical example demonstrates the methodology's ability to identify the ground-water sampling strategy with greatest net economic benefit for ground-water management.A decision framework is presented for assessing the value of ground-water sampling within the context of ground-water management under uncertainty. The framework couples two optimization models - a chance-constrained ground-water management model and an integer-programming sampling network design model - to identify optimal pumping and sampling strategies. The methodology consists of four steps: (1) The optimal ground-water management strategy for the present level of model uncertainty is determined using the chance-constrained management model; (2) for a specified data collection budget, the monitoring network design model identifies, prior to data collection, the sampling strategy that will minimize model uncertainty; (3) the optimal ground-water management strategy is recalculated on the basis of the projected model uncertainty after sampling; and (4) the worth of the monitoring strategy is assessed by comparing the value of the sample information - i.e., the projected reduction in management costs - with the cost of data collection. Steps 2-4 are repeated for a series of data collection budgets, producing a suite of management/monitoring alternatives, from which the best alternative can be selected. A hypothetical example demonstrates the methodology's ability to identify the ground-water sampling strategy with greatest net economic benefit for ground-water management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:5(281)","issn":"07339496","usgsCitation":"Wagner, B., 1999, Evaluating data worth for ground-water management under uncertainty: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 125, no. 5, p. 281-288, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:5(281).","startPage":"281","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:5(281)"},{"id":229424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bdfe4b0c8380cd52904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, B.J.","contributorId":18012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021547,"text":"70021547 - 1999 - 60 Myr records of major elements and Pb-Nd isotopes from hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts: Reconstruction of seawater paleochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021547","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"60 Myr records of major elements and Pb-Nd isotopes from hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts: Reconstruction of seawater paleochemistry","docAbstract":"We compare the time series of major element geochemical and Pb- and Nd-isotopic composition obtained for seven hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans which cover the last 60 Myr. Average crust growth rates and age-depth relationships were determined directly for the last about 10 Myr using 10Be/9Be profiles. In the absence of other information these were extrapolated to the base of the crusts assuming constant growth rates and constant initial 10Be/9Be ratios due to the lack of additional information. Co contents have also been used previously to estimate growth rates in Co-rich Pacific and Atlantic seamount crusts (Puteanus and Halbach, 1988). A comparison of 10Be/9Be- and Co-based dating of three Co-rich crusts supports the validity of this approach and confirms the earlier chronologies derived from extrapolated 10Be/9Be-based growth rates back to 60 Ma. Our data show that the flux of Co into Co-poor crusts has been considerably lower. The relationship between growth rate and Co content for the Co-poor crusts developed from these data is in good agreement with a previous study of a wider range of marine deposits (Manheim, 1986). The results suggest that the Co content provides detailed information on the growth history of ferromanganese crusts, particularly prior to 10-12 Ma where the 10Be-based method is not applicable. The distributions of Pb and Nd isotopes in the deep oceans over the last 60 Myr are expected to be controlled by two main factors: (a) variations of oceanic mixing patterns and flow paths of water masses with distinct isotopic signatures related to major paleogeographic changes and (b) variability of supply rates or provenance of detrital material delivered to the ocean, linked to climate change (glaciations) or major tectonic uplift. The major element profiles of crusts in this study show neither systematic features which are common to crusts with similar isotope records nor do they generally show coherent relationships to the isotope records within a single crust. Consequently, any interpretation of time series of major element concentrations of a single crust in terms of paleoceanographic variations must be considered with caution. This is because local processes appear to have dominated over more basin-wide paleoceanographic effects. In this study Co is the only element which shows a relationship to Pb and Nd isotopes in Pacific crusts. A possible link to changes of Pacific deep water properties associated with an enhanced northward advection of Antarctic bottom water from about 14 Ma is consistent with the Pb but not with the Nd isotopic results. The self-consistent profiles of the Pb and Nd isotopes suggest that postdepositional diagenetic processes in hydrogenous crusts, including phosphatization events, have been insignificant for particle reactive elements such as Pb, Be, and Nd. Isotope time series of Pb and Nd show no systematic relationships with major element contents of the crusts, which supports their use as tracers of paleo-seawater isotopic composition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00079-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Frank, M., O’Nions, R.K., Hein, J., and Banakar, V., 1999, 60 Myr records of major elements and Pb-Nd isotopes from hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts: Reconstruction of seawater paleochemistry: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 11-12, p. 1689-1708, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00079-4.","startPage":"1689","endPage":"1708","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206326,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00079-4"},{"id":229428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e26ce4b0c8380cd45b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, M.","contributorId":103396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Nions, R. K.","contributorId":29138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Nions","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Banakar, V.K.","contributorId":70135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banakar","given":"V.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021439,"text":"70021439 - 1999 - A hydrometric and geochemical approach to test the transmissivity feedback hypothesis during snowmelt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021439","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A hydrometric and geochemical approach to test the transmissivity feedback hypothesis during snowmelt","docAbstract":"To test the transmissivity feedback hypothesis of runoff generation, surface and subsurface waters were monitored and sampled during the 1996 snowmelt at various topographic positions in a 41 ha forested headwater catchment at Sleepers River, Vermont. Two conditions that promote transmissivity feedback existed in the catchment during the melt period. First, saturated hydraulic conductivity increased toward land surface, from a geometric mean of 3.6 mm h-1 in glacial till to 25.6 mm h-1 in deep soil to 54.0 mm h-1 in shallow soil. Second, groundwater levels rose to within 0.3 m of land surface at all riparian sites and most hillslope sites at peak melt. The importance of transmissivity feedback to streamflow generation was tested at the catchment scale by examination of physical and chemical patterns of groundwater in near-stream (discharge) and hillslope (recharge/lateral flow) zones, and within a geomorphic hollow (convergent flow). The presence of transmissivity feedback was supported by the abrupt increase in streamflow as the water table rose into the surficial, transmissive zone; a flattening of the groundwater level vs. streamflow curve occurred at most sites. This relation had a clockwise hysteresis (higher groundwater level for given discharge on rising limb than at same discharge on falling limb) at riparian sites, suggesting that the riparian zone was the dominant source area during the rising limb of the melt hydrograph. Hysteresis was counterclockwise at hillslope sites, suggesting that hillslope drainage controlled the snowmelt recession. End member mixing analysis using Ca, Mg, Na, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and Si showed that stream chemistry could be explained as a two-component mixture of groundwater high in base cations and an O-horizon/overland flow water high in DOC. The dominance of shallow flow paths during events was indicated by the high positive correlation of DOC with streamflow (r2 = 0.82). Despite the occurrence of transmissivity feedback, hillslope till and soil water were ruled out as end members primarily because their distinctive high-Si composition had little or no effect on streamwater composition. Till water from the geomorphic hollow had a chemistry very close to streamwater base flow, and may represent the base flow end member better than the more concentrated riparian groundwater. During snowmelt, streamwater composition shifted as this base flow was diluted - not by shallow groundwater from the hillslope, but rather by a more surficial O-horizon/overland flow water.Surface and subsurface waters were analyzed to test the transmissivity feedback of runoff generation during the 1996 snowmelt in a catchment at Sleepers River, Vermont. The importance of transmissivity feedback to stream flow generation was tested by examination of physical and chemical patterns of groundwater in near-stream and hillslope zones within a geomorphic hollow. End member mixing analysis of Ca, Mg, Na, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and Si showed that stream chemistry could be explained as a two-component mixture of groundwater high in base cations and an O-horizon/overland flow water high in DOC. The dominance of shallow water paths during the events was indicated by the high positive correlation of DOC with streamflow (r2 = 0.82).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00059-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Kendall, K., Shanley, J.B., and McDonnell, J.J., 1999, A hydrometric and geochemical approach to test the transmissivity feedback hypothesis during snowmelt: Journal of Hydrology, v. 219, no. 3-4, p. 188-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00059-1.","startPage":"188","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206303,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00059-1"}],"volume":"219","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e42be4b0c8380cd4646c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, K.A.","contributorId":94811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, J. B.","contributorId":52226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021720,"text":"70021720 - 1999 - Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021720","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan","docAbstract":"The 115-ha boreal Wallace Lake watershed, located on Isle Royale in the Lake Superior Basin, receives moderate anthropogenic atmospheric N inputs (3 kg ha-1 yr-1). Ecosystem response to atmospheric N inputs is, in part, determined by internal production and consumption of this limiting nutrient. The objectives of this 2-yr study on plots dominated by birch, spruce, or alder were to quantify forest floor and surface soil net and gross N mineralization rates, and examine potential effects of changes in temperature and moisture on these processes. Gross N mineralization rates were 23 times net mineralization rates, and increased with forest floor/soil temperature and moisture. Substrate quality was a likely factor in higher gross mineralization rates beneath birch and spruce. Ammonium immobilization increased with forest floor/soil temperature and moisture. Higher net N mineralization rates beneath alder resulted from lower microbial immobilization rather than greater gross N mineralization. The greatest differences between gross N mineralization and immobilization occurred in early summer. Ammonium immobilization averaged 62% of gross N mineralization. Net and gross nitrification rates differed by vegetation type, were highest in spring and fall, and increased with moisture. Gross nitrification was 19 times net nitrification rates. Nitrate immobilization increased with soil moisture, and equalled or exceeded gross nitrification. Net and gross N mineralization or nitrification rates were not correlated. Seasonal variation in forest floor and surface soil N cycling coupled with high ecosystem retention of precipitation N inputs suggest streamwater N concentrations and output reflect trends in soil processes.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Agronomy Inc","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI, United States","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 1999, Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan, <i>in</i> Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 2, p. 709-720.","startPage":"709","endPage":"720","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229261,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66ece4b0c8380cd7308f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021844,"text":"70021844 - 1999 - The Cadiz margin study off Spain: An introduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021844","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Cadiz margin study off Spain: An introduction","docAbstract":"The Cadiz continental margin of the northeastern Gulf of Cadiz off Spain was selected for a multidisciplinary project because of the interplay of complex tectonic history between the Iberian and African plates, sediment supply from multiple sources, and unique Mediterranean Gateway inflow and outflow currents. The nature of this complex margin, particularly during the last 5 million years, was investigated with emphasis on tectonic history, stratigraphic sequences, marine circulation, contourite depositional facies, geotechnical properties, geologic hazards, and human influences such as dispersal of river contaminants. This study provides an integrated view of the tectonic, sediment supply and oceanographic factors that control depositional processes and growth patterns of the Cadiz and similar modem and ancient continental margins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00138-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Nelson, C., and Maldonado, A., 1999, The Cadiz margin study off Spain: An introduction: Marine Geology, v. 155, no. 1-2, p. 3-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00138-8.","startPage":"3","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206384,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00138-8"},{"id":229599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"155","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6b4e4b08c986b32124d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maldonado, A.","contributorId":90437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021014,"text":"70021014 - 1999 - Simmonsite, Na2LiAlF6, a new mineral from the Zapot amazonite-topazzinnwaldite pegmatite, Hawthorne, Nevada, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021014","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simmonsite, Na2LiAlF6, a new mineral from the Zapot amazonite-topazzinnwaldite pegmatite, Hawthorne, Nevada, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Simmonsite, Na2LiAlF6, a new mineral of pegmatitic-hydrothermal origin, occurs in a late-stage breccia pipe structure that cuts the Zapot amazonite-topaz-zinnvvaldite pegmatite located in the Gillis Range, Mineral Co., Nevada, U.S.A. The mineral is intimately intergrown with cryolite, cryolithionite and trace elpasolite. A secondary assemblage of other alumino-fluoride minerals and a second generation of cryolithionite has formed from the primary assemblage. The mineral is monoclinic, P21 or P21/m, a = 7.5006(6) A??, b = 7.474(1) A??, c = 7.503(1) A??, ??= 90.847(9) ??, V=420.6(1) A??3, Z = 4. The four strongest diffraction maxima [d(A??), likl, I/I100] are (4.33, 111 and 111, 100); (1.877, 400 and 004, 90); (2.25, 13T, 113, 131 and 311, 70); and (2.65, 220, 202, 022, 60). Simmonsite is pale buff cream with white streak, somewhat greasy, translucent to transparent, Mohs hardness of 2.5-3, no distinct cleavage, subconchoidal fracture, no parting, not extremely brittle, Dm is 3.05(2) g/cm3, and Dc is 3.06(1) g/cm3. The mineral is biaxial, very nearly Isotropie, N is 1.359(1) for ?? = 589 nm, and birefringence is 0.0009. Electron microprobe analyses gave (wt%) Na = 23.4, Al = 13.9, F = 58.6, Li = 3.56 (calculated), with a total of 99.46. The empirical formula (based on 6 F atoms) is Na1.98Li1.00 ooAl|ooF6. The crystal structure was not solved, presumably because of unit-cell scale twinning, but similarities to the perovskite-type structure exist. The mineral is named for William B. Simmons, Professor of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., O’Connor, J.T., Hughes, J., Sutley, S.J., Falster, A., Soregaroli, A., Lichte, F., and Kile, D.E., 1999, Simmonsite, Na2LiAlF6, a new mineral from the Zapot amazonite-topazzinnwaldite pegmatite, Hawthorne, Nevada, U.S.A: American Mineralogist, v. 84, no. 5-6, p. 769-772.","startPage":"769","endPage":"772","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f54e4b08c986b318e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, J. T.","contributorId":92266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, J.M.","contributorId":18911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sutley, S. J.","contributorId":91484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falster, A.U.","contributorId":31931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falster","given":"A.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soregaroli, A.E.","contributorId":10944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soregaroli","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70021275,"text":"70021275 - 1999 - Volcanogenic Sulfur on Earth and Io: Composition and Spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021275","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanogenic Sulfur on Earth and Io: Composition and Spectroscopy","docAbstract":"The causes of Io's variegated surface, especially the roles of sulfur, and the geochemical history of sulfur compounds on Io are not well understood. Suspecting that minor impurities in sulfur might be important, we have investigated the major and trace element chemistry and spectroscopic reflectance of natural sulfur from a variety of terrestrial volcanic-hydrothermal environments. Evidence suggests that Io may be substantially coated with impure sulfur. On Earth, a few tenths of a percent to a few percent of chalcophile trace elements (e.g., As and Se) comonly occur in sulfur and appear to stabilize material of yellow, brown, orange, and red hues, which may persist even at low temperatures. Percentage levels of chalcophile impurities are reasonably expected to occur on Io in vapor sublimate deposits and flows derived from such deposits. Such impurities join a host of other mechanisms that might explain Io's reds and yellows. Two-tenths to two percent opaque crystalline impurities, particularly pyrite (FeS2), commonly produces green, gray, and black volcanic sulfur on Earth and might explain areas of Io having deposits of these colors. Pyrite produces a broad absorption near 1 ??m that gradually diminishes out to 1.6 ??m - similar but not identical to the spectrum of Io seen in Galileo NIMS data. Percentage amounts of carbonaceous impurities and tens of percent SiO2 (as silicates) also strongly affect the spectral properties of Earth's sulfur. Io's broad absorption between 0.52 and 0.64 ??m remains unexplained by these data but could be due to sodium sulfides, as suggested previously by others, or to As, Se, or other impurities. These impurities and others, such as P and Cl (which could exist on Io's surface in amounts over 1% that of sulfur), greatly alter the molecular structure of molten and solid sulfur. Minor impurities could impact Io's geology, such as the morphology of sulfur lava flows and the ability of sulfur to sustain high relief. We have not found any natural sulfur containing significant Na beyond that attributable to silicate inclusions. In sum, the unique physical-chemical properties of S-rich systems and the strong affinity of certain elements for S may have broad implications for the appearance, spectroscopic interpretation, and geologic processes of Io. Identification of impurities in sulfur may be helpful in tracing the geochemical evolution of surface deposits on Io. Perhaps foretelling of new areas of investigation, Cl has recently been reported in the Io torus (M. Kueppers and N. M. Schneider 1999, Eos Trans.80, 5207), suggesting the presence on Io of either salts, such as halite, or sulfur chlorides. Further evidence of minor iogenic impurities should be sought in Io's neutral cloud and plasma torus as well as in further scrutiny of Io's reflectance spectra. ?? 1999 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6183","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Kargel, J., Delmelle, P., and Nash, D., 1999, Volcanogenic Sulfur on Earth and Io: Composition and Spectroscopy: Icarus, v. 142, no. 1, p. 249-280, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6183.","startPage":"249","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206445,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6183"}],"volume":"142","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc341e4b08c986b32b04a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delmelle, P.","contributorId":50682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delmelle","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nash, D.B.","contributorId":50562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021742,"text":"70021742 - 1999 - Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T10:46:02","indexId":"70021742","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site","docAbstract":"<p><span>About half of the rocks at the Mars Pathfinder Ares Vallis landing site appear to be ventifacts, rocks abraded by windborne particles. Comparable resolution images taken by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) camera and the Viking landers show that ventifacts are more abundant at the Pathfinder site. The ventifacts occur in several forms, including rocks with faceted edges, finger‐like projections, elongated pits, flutes, grooves, and possible rills. The trends of elongated pits, flutes, grooves, and rills cluster at ∼280–330° clockwise from north and generally dip 10–30° away from their trend direction. These orientations are indicative of southeast to northwest winds and differ from the trend of wind tails at the landing site, the direction of local wind streaks, and predictions of the Global Circulation Model, all of which indicate northeast to southwest winds. The disparity between these data sets strongly suggests that local circulation patterns have changed since the abrasion of the ventifacted rocks. The greater number of ventifacts at the Pathfinder site compared to either of the Viking sites is most easily explained as being due to a larger supply of abrading particles, composed of either sand‐sized grains or indurated dust aggregates, and higher surface roughness, which should increase the momentum of saltating grains. The Pathfinder ventifacts may have formed shortly after the deposition of outflow channel sediments nearly 2 Gry ago, when a large local supply of abrading particles should have been abundant and atmospheric conditions may have been more conducive to rock abrasion from saltating grains. Based on how ventifacts form on Earth, the several ventifact forms seen at the Pathfinder site and their presence on some rocks but not on others are probably due to local airflow conditions, original rock shape, exposure duration, rock movement, and to a lesser extent, rock lithology. The abundance of ventifacts at the Pathfinder site, together with other evidence of weathering, indicates that unaltered rock surfaces are rare on Mars.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/98JE02550","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bridges, N., Greeley, R., Haldemann, A.F., Herkenhoff, K.E., Kraft, M., Parker, T.J., and Ward, A.W., 1999, Ventifacts at the Pathfinder landing site: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8595-8615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02550.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"8595","endPage":"8615","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je02550","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc202e4b08c986b32a8a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, N.T.","contributorId":23673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haldemann, A. F. C.","contributorId":33437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haldemann","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kraft, M.","contributorId":72547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parker, T. J.","contributorId":30776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ward, A. W.","contributorId":8129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020890,"text":"70020890 - 1999 - Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:31:17","indexId":"70020890","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic","docAbstract":"<p>The Krusne hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long-term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977-1996) and stream water (1977-1998) in a forested area on the south-eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume-weighted Ca<sup>2+</sup> and SO4<sup>2-</sup> concentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume-weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H+. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H<sup>+</sup> is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, SO4<sup>2-</sup> and NO<sup>3-</sup>, were highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die-back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations occurred after 1995 and may be due to the depletion of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which was provided by catchment liming in 1986, 1988 and 1989. Solute flux trends in bulk atmospheric deposition and stream water generally were not significant and the lack of trend is attributed to the large interannual variability in precipitation quantity and runoff, respectively. All solutes except Na<sup>+</sup> varied seasonally. The average seasonal concentrations varied between the solutes, but for most solutes were highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer, correlating with the seasonal trend and runoff. For Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sup>4</sup><sub>2-</sub>, the concentration minimum occurs in September and the maximum occurs in February or March, correlating with the seasonal baseflow. These solutes are primarily controlled by the contribution of soil water and groundwater to stream flow. During snowmelt, the meltwater generally causes concentrations to decrease as soil water and groundwater are diluted. For NO3, average minimum concentrations occur in August at the end of the growing season concurrent with the lowest stream flow, and the maximum occurs in February and March with high stream flow during snowmelt. Seasonal stream water NO3- concentration variations are large compared with the long-term decrease.The Krusne hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long-term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977-1996) and stream water (1977-1998) in a forested area on the south-eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume-weighted Ca2+ and SO42- concentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume-weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H+. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H+ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sup>4</sup><sub>2-</sub> and NO<sup>3-</sup>, were highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die-back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca2+ concentrations occurred after 1995 an</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Cerny, J., Havel, M., and Krejci, R., 1999, Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 17, p. 2721-2741, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4.","startPage":"2721","endPage":"2741","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4"}],"volume":"13","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba51fe4b08c986b320813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cerny, J.","contributorId":97664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerny","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Havel, M.","contributorId":88903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krejci, R.","contributorId":89686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejci","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021835,"text":"70021835 - 1999 - A late Frasnian (Late Devonian) radiolarian, sponge spicule, and conodont fauna from the Slaven Chert, northern Shoshone Range, Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T13:22:41.54776","indexId":"70021835","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A late Frasnian (Late Devonian) radiolarian, sponge spicule, and conodont fauna from the Slaven Chert, northern Shoshone Range, Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada","docAbstract":"Co-occuring conodonts, radiolarians, and sponge spicules from the type locality of the Slaven Chert, northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, indicate that the radiolarian and sponge spicule assemblage described herein correlates with the Late rhenana conodont Zone (late Frasnian). The moderately well preserved radiolarians are the first Frasnian-age fauna described from the Western Hemisphere. They include spumellarians, Ceratoikiscum, and Paleoscenidium, and a radiolarian which we have assigned to a new genus, Durahelenifore Boundy-Sanders and Murchey, with its type species, Durahelenifore robustum Boundy-Sanders and Murchey. Sponge spicules include umbellate microscleres of the Subclass Amphidiscophora, Order Hemidiscosa, previously documented only in Pennsylvanian and younger rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geological Institute","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Boundy-Sanders, S.Q., Sandberg, C., Murchey, B., and Harris, A., 1999, A late Frasnian (Late Devonian) radiolarian, sponge spicule, and conodont fauna from the Slaven Chert, northern Shoshone Range, Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada: Micropaleontology, v. 45, no. 1, p. 62-68.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375021,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/micropress/micropal/article/45/1/62/85078/A-late-Frasnian-Late-Devonian-radiolarian-sponge"},{"id":229450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70021976,"text":"70021976 - 1999 - Transect across the West Antarctic rift system in the Ross Sea, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70021976","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transect across the West Antarctic rift system in the Ross Sea, Antarctica","docAbstract":"In 1994, the ACRUP (Antarctic Crustal Profile) project recorded a 670-km-long geophysical transect across the southern Ross Sea to study the velocity and density structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the West Antarctic rift system. Ray-trace modeling of P- and S-waves recorded on 47 ocean bottom seismograph (OBS) records, with strong seismic arrivals from airgun shots to distances of up to 120 km, show that crustal velocities and geometries vary significantly along the transect. The three major sedimentary basins (early-rift grabens), the Victoria Land Basin, the Central Trough and the Eastern Basin are underlain by highly extended crust and shallow mantle (minimum depth of about 16 km). Beneath the adjacent basement highs, Coulman High and Central High, Moho deepens, and lies at a depth of 21 and 24 km, respectively. Crustal layers have P-wave velocities that range from 5.8 to 7.0 km/s and S-wave velocities from 3.6 to 4.2 km/s. A distinct reflection (PiP) is observed on numerous OBS from an intra-crustal boundary between the upper and lower crust at a depth of about 10 to 12 km. Local zones of high velocities and inferred high densities are observed and modeled in the crust under the axes of the three major sedimentary basins. These zones, which are also marked by positive gravity anomalies, may be places where mafic dikes and sills pervade the crust. We postulate that there has been differential crustal extension across the West Antarctic rift system, with greatest extension beneath the early-rift grabens. The large amount of crustal stretching below the major rift basins may reflect the existence of deep crustal suture zones which initiated in an early stage of the rifting, defined areas of crustal weakness and thereby enhanced stress focussing followed by intense crustal thinning in these areas. The ACRUP data are consistent with the prior concept that most extension and basin down-faulting occurred in the Ross Sea during late Mesozoic time, with relatively small extension, concentrated in the western half of the Ross Sea, during Cenozoic time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00155-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Trey, H., Cooper, A.K., Pellis, G., Della, V.B., Cochrane, G., Brancolini, G., and Makris, J., 1999, Transect across the West Antarctic rift system in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Tectonophysics, v. 301, no. 1-2, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00155-3.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206208,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00155-3"},{"id":229123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"301","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6c9e4b08c986b326e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trey, H.","contributorId":35890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trey","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pellis, G.","contributorId":66871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellis","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Della, Vedova B.","contributorId":15779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Della","given":"Vedova","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cochrane, G.","contributorId":101832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brancolini, Giuliano","contributorId":29150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brancolini","given":"Giuliano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Makris, J.","contributorId":86510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Makris","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021586,"text":"70021586 - 1999 - Late Pleistocene environments of the western Noatak basin, northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T00:48:08.519712","indexId":"70021586","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene environments of the western Noatak basin, northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Glacial Lake Noatak formed repeatedly during middle and late Pleistocene time as expanding glaciers from the DeLong Mountains blocked the Noatak River valley. Downcutting by the Noatak River has exposed thick sediment successions in bluffs up to 86 m high. Two river bluffs, Nk-26 and Nk-29A, contain correlative organic-rich flood-plain deposits that were formed during and after deposition of the Old Crow tephra at about the transition between oxygen isotope stage 6 and oxygen isotope stage 5, at the beginning of the last interglaciation. Both bluffs also contain older interglacial or interstadial flood-plain deposits of uncertain age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0769:LPEOTW>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Elias, S.A., Hamilton, T.D., Edwards, M.E., Beget, J.E., Krumhardt, A., and Lavoie, C., 1999, Late Pleistocene environments of the western Noatak basin, northwestern Alaska: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, no. 5, p. 769-789, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0769:LPEOTW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"769","endPage":"789","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -164.1873440356678,\n              69.1003232269216\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.1873440356678,\n              67.13624713773461\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.99203153566776,\n              67.13624713773461\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.99203153566776,\n              69.1003232269216\n            ],\n            [\n              -164.1873440356678,\n              69.1003232269216\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4511e4b0c8380cd66feb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, S. A.","contributorId":65996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, M. E.","contributorId":29977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krumhardt, A.P.","contributorId":11253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krumhardt","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lavoie, C.","contributorId":83641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021729,"text":"70021729 - 1999 - The microcaddisfly genus Ithytrichia Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021729","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3152,"text":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The microcaddisfly genus Ithytrichia Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in North America","docAbstract":"The distribution and taxonomy of the microcaddisfly genus Ithytrichia Eaton in North America is reviewed. Males and females of I. clavata Morton, I. mazon Ross, and I. mexicana Harris and Contreras-Ramos are illustrated, and a key is provided for their separation. Females of I. mazon and I. mexicana are described for the first time; the female of I. clavata is redescribed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00138797","usgsCitation":"Moulton, S., Harris, S., and Slusark, J., 1999, The microcaddisfly genus Ithytrichia Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in North America: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, v. 101, no. 2, p. 233-241.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badcee4b08c986b323e02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moulton, S.R. II","contributorId":26460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"S.R.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, S.C.","contributorId":22513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slusark, J.P.","contributorId":13393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slusark","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021479,"text":"70021479 - 1999 - The dependence of permeability on effective stress from flow tests at hot dry rock reservoirs at Rosemanowes (Cornwall) and Fenton Hill (New Mexico)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021479","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The dependence of permeability on effective stress from flow tests at hot dry rock reservoirs at Rosemanowes (Cornwall) and Fenton Hill (New Mexico)","docAbstract":"Effective stress is the primary control on permeability and thus on flow and water loss for two-well hot dry rock systems involving injection and production that have been tested to date. Theoretical relations are derived for the flow between an injector and producer, including the dependence of permeability on effective stress. Four relations for permeability as a function of effective stress are used to match field data for the hot dry rock systems at Rosemanowes, Cornwall, and Fenton Hill, New Mexico. The flow and water loss behavior of these systems are well explained by the influence of effective stress on permeability. All four relations for permeability as a function of effective stress are successful in matching the field data, but some have difficulty in determining unique values for elastic and hydrologic parameters.Effective stress is the primary control on permeability and thus on flow and water loss for two-well hot dry rock systems involving injection and production that have been tested to date. Theoretical relations are derived for the flow between an injector and producer, including the dependence of permeability on effective stress. Four relations for permeability as a function of effective stress are used to match field data for the hot dry rock systems at Rosemanowes, Cornwall, and Fenton Hill, New Mexico. The flow and water loss behavior of these systems are well explained by the influence of effective stress on permeability. All four relations for permeability as a function of effective stress are successful in matching the field data, but some have difficulty in determining unique values for elastic and hydrologic parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00011-5","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., 1999, The dependence of permeability on effective stress from flow tests at hot dry rock reservoirs at Rosemanowes (Cornwall) and Fenton Hill (New Mexico): Geothermics, v. 28, no. 3, p. 315-340, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00011-5.","startPage":"315","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206375,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00011-5"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa8de4b08c986b32289f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, M.","contributorId":46632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021381,"text":"70021381 - 1999 - Geochemistry of Florida Bay sediments: Nutrient history at five sites in eastern and central Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021381","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of Florida Bay sediments: Nutrient history at five sites in eastern and central Florida Bay","docAbstract":"Recent seagrass dieoff and massive microalgal blooms have focused attention on the health of the Florida Bay ecosystem. Changes in nutrient input and the nutrient dynamics of Florida Bay are hypothesized to be linked to these problems, but crucial baseline information is still lacking. Efforts to restore Florida Bay to its natural condition will require information on the nutrient history of the bay. The purpose of this study was to examine distributions of organic C, total N, and total P in carbonate sediments from sites of continuous and known sedimentation rate (210Pb and 137Cs dated), in eastern and central Florida Bay. These sediments provide a record of historical changes in the C, N, and P load to the eastern and central bay. Analyses were conducted on sediments from cores collected at five sites, and on buried seagrass fragments at two sites. At three of the sites, sediments from seagrass-covered and adjacent barren areas were examined to determine differences in sedimentary geochemistry. Stable isotope analyses (??13C and ??15N) of sedimentary organic C and total N and of buried seagrass fragments were also carried out at two sites to examine possible changes in nutrient sources to the estuary. Results were consistent with recent increases in N and P in eastern Florida Bay, beginning in the early to mid 1980's. The timing of the increase in nutrient load observed in the sediment data directly preceded the first observations of massive microalgal blooms and seagrass dieoff in Florida Bay in 1987. The observed nutrification was greater for P than N, and was most pronounced at the most northeasterly site sampled (Pass Key). Isotope data (??15N) suggested that an increase in algal production accompanied the increase in N load at the Pass Key site. Along record of organic C, total N, and total P distributions from Whipray Basin in central Florida Bay showed historical peaks (mid 1700's and late 1800's) in organic C and total N, but not total P; these enrichments were nearly equivalent to recent inputs to the estuary. Barren areas were observed to have generally lower concentrations of organic C, total N, and total P in near surface sediments compared to seagrass-covered areas, but had generally similar concentrations in deeper sediments. This suggested that barren areas adjacent to seagrass-covered sites were places where relict sediment was physically transported and covered seagrass beds. This dataset provides an historical view of changes in nutrient inputs to Florida Bay, and baseline information needed for nutrient modeling of the bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Orem, W., Holmes, C.W., Kendall, C., Lerch, H., Bates, A., Silva, S.R., Boylan, A., Corum, M., Marot, M., and Hedgman, C., 1999, Geochemistry of Florida Bay sediments: Nutrient history at five sites in eastern and central Florida Bay: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 15, no. 4, p. 1055-1071.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1071","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16e2e4b0c8380cd552d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":36076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bates, A. L. 0000-0002-4875-4675","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4875-4675","contributorId":42357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bates","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boylan, A.","contributorId":93233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boylan","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Corum, M.","contributorId":70954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corum","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Marot, M.","contributorId":67601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hedgman, C.","contributorId":98065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedgman","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
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