Correlation and correlation‐based measures (e.g., the coefficient of determination) have been widely used to evaluate the “goodness‐of‐fit” of hydrologic and hydroclimatic models. These measures are oversensitive to extreme values (outliers) and are insensitive to additive and proportional differences between model predictions and observations. Because of these limitations, correlation‐based measures can indicate that a model is a good predictor, even when it is not. In this paper, useful alternative goodness‐of‐fit or relative error measures (including the coefficient of efficiency and the index of agreement) that overcome many of the limitations of correlation‐based measures are discussed. Modifications to these statistics to aid in interpretation are presented. It is concluded that correlation and correlation‐based measures should not be used to assess the goodness‐of‐fit of a hydrologic or hydroclimatic model and that additional evaluation measures (such as summary statistics and absolute error measures) should supplement model evaluation tools.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900018","usgsCitation":"Legates, D.R., and McCabe, G.J., 1999, Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legates, David R.","contributorId":194273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. Jr.","contributorId":124577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021957,"text":"70021957 - 1999 - Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:53:49","indexId":"70021957","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"Parts of the South Platte River alluvial aquifer in northeastern Colorado are underlain by the Pierre Shale, a marine deposit of Late Cretaceous age that is <1000 m thick. Ground water in the aquifer is contaminated with NO3‐, and the shale contains abundant potential electron donors for denitrification in the forms of organic carbon and sulfide minerals. Nested piezometers were sampled, pore water was squeezed from cores of shale, and an injection test was conducted to determine if denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO3− and to measure denitrification rates in the shale. Measured values of NO3−, N2, NH4+, δ15N[NO3−], δ15N[N2], and δ15N[NH4+] in the alluvial and shale pore water indicated that denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO3−. Chemical gradients, reaction rate constants, and hydraulic head data indicated that denitrification in the shale was limited by the slow rate of NO3− transport (possibly by diffusion) into the shale. The apparent in situ first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale based on diffusion calculations was of the order of 0.04–0.4 yr−1, whereas the potential rate constant in the shale based on injection tests was of the order of 60 yr−1. Chemical data and mass balance calculations indicate that organic carbon was the primary electron donor for denitrification in the shale during the injection test, and ferrous iron was a minor electron donor in the process. Flux calculations for the conditions encountered at the site indicate that denitrification in the shale could remove only a small fraction of the annual agricultural NO3‐input to the alluvial aquifer. However, the relatively large potential first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale indicated that the percentage of NO3− uptake by the shale could be considerably larger in areas where NO3− advection.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900004","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Böhlke, J., and Bruce, B.W., 1999, Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1629-1642, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1642","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021833,"text":"70021833 - 1999 - Paleoclimatic significance of δD and δ13C values in pinon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-14T16:13:38","indexId":"70021833","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoclimatic significance of δD and δ13C values in pinon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years","docAbstract":"We compared two approaches to interpreting δD of cellulose nitrate in piñon pine needles (Pinus edulis) preserved in packrat middens from central New Mexico, USA. One approach was based on linear regression between modern δD values and climate parameters, and the other on a deterministic isotope model, modified from Craig and Gordon's terminal lake evaporation model that assumes steady-state conditions and constant isotope effects. One such effect, the net biochemical fractionation factor, was determined for a new species, piñon pine. Regressions showed that δD values in cellulose nitrate from annual cohorts of needles (1989–1996) were strongly correlated with growing season (May–August) precipitation amount, and δ13C values in the same samples were correlated with June relative humidity. The deterministic model reconstructed δD values of meteoric water used by plants after constraining relative humidity effects with δ13C values; growing season temperatures were estimated via modern correlations with δD values of meteoric water. Variations of this modeling approach have been applied to tree-ring cellulose before, but not to macrofossil cellulose, and comparisons to empirical relationships have not been provided. Results from fossil piñon needles spanning the last ∼40,000 years showed no significant trend in δD values of cellulose nitrate, suggesting either no change in the amount of summer precipitation (based on the transfer function) or δD values of meteoric water or temperature (based on the deterministic model). However, there were significant differences in δ13C values, and therefore relative humidity, between Pleistocene and Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00152-7","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Pendall, E., Betancourt, J.L., and Leavitt, S.W., 1999, Paleoclimatic significance of δD and δ13C values in pinon pine needles from packrat middens spanning the last 40,000 years: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 147, no. 1-2, p. 53-72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00152-7.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206333,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00152-7"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73cde4b0c8380cd77258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendall, Elise","contributorId":6637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendall","given":"Elise","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leavitt, Steven W.","contributorId":77312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022022,"text":"70022022 - 1999 - Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:44","indexId":"70022022","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3157,"text":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois","docAbstract":"In 1998, a prototype 300 kHz, side-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was deployed in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) at Romeoville, Illinois. Additionally, two upward-looking ADCP's were deployed in the same acoustic path as the side-looking ADCP and in the reach defined by the upstream and downstream acoustic velocity meter (AVM) paths. All three ADCP's were synchronized to the AVM clock at the gaging station so that data were sampled simultaneously. The three ADCP's were deployed for six weeks measuring flow velocities from 0.0 to 2.5 ft/s. Velocities measured by each ADCP were compared to AVM path velocities and to velocities measured by the other ADCP's.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE 6th Working Conference on Current Measurement","conferenceDate":"11 March 1999 through 13 March 1999","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"Piscataway, NJ, United States","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Duncker, J.J., 1999, Measurement of velocities with an acoustic velocity meter, one side-looking and two upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profilers in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Romeoville, Illinois: Proceedings of the IEEE Working Conference on Current Measurement.","startPage":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5321e4b0c8380cd6c8c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":392068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duncker, James J. 0000-0001-5464-7991 jduncker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-7991","contributorId":4316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncker","given":"James","email":"jduncker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022021,"text":"70022021 - 1999 - Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T16:21:55","indexId":"70022021","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker","docAbstract":"Acorn Woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus) at Hastings Reservation in central California prefer to nest in dead limbs in large, dead valley oaks (Quercus lobata) and California sycamores (Platanus racemosa) that are also frequently used as acorn storage trees. Based on 232 nest cavities used over an 18-year period, we tested whether preferred or modal nest-site characters were associated with increased reproductive success (the \"nest-site quality\" hypothesis). We also examined whether more successful nests were likely to experience more favorable microclimatic conditions or to be less accessible to terrestrial predators. We found only equivocal support for the nest-site quality hypothesis: only 1 of 5 preferred characters and 2 of 10 characters exhibiting a clear modality were correlated with higher reproductive success. All three characteristics of nests known or likely to be associated with a more favorable microclimate, and two of five characteristics likely to render nests less accessible to predators, were correlated with higher reproductive success. These results suggest that nest cavities in this population are built in part to take advantage of favorable microclimatic conditions and, to a lesser extent, to reduce access to predators. However, despite benefits of particular nest characteristics, birds frequently nested in apparently suboptimal cavities. We also found a significant relationship between mean group size and the history of occupancy of particular territories and the probability of nest cavities being built in microclimatically favorable live limbs, suggesting that larger groups residing on more stable territories were better able to construct nests with optimal characteristics. This indicates that there may be demographic, as well as ecological, constraints on nest-site selection in this primary cavity nester.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological society","doi":"10.2307/4089452","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Hooge, P., Stanback, M., and Koenig, W.D., 1999, Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker: The Auk, v. 116, no. 1, p. 45-54, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089452.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089452","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64abe4b0c8380cd72a1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooge, P.N.","contributorId":36515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanback, M.T.","contributorId":82487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanback","given":"M.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koenig, Walter D.","contributorId":46255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koenig","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021796,"text":"70021796 - 1999 - Estimates of bottom roughness length and bottom shear stress in South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T16:20:40.225353","indexId":"70021796","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of bottom roughness length and bottom shear stress in South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"A field investigation of the hydrodynamics and the resuspension and transport of particulate matter in a bottom boundary layer was carried out in South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California, during March-April 1995. Using broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers, detailed measurements of turbulent mean velocity distribution within 1.5 m above bed have been obtained. A global method of data analysis was used for estimating bottom roughness length zo and bottom shear stress (or friction velocities u*). Field data have been examined by dividing the time series of velocity profiles into 24-hour periods and independently analyzing the velocity profile time series by flooding and ebbing periods. The global method of solution gives consistent properties of bottom roughness length zo and bottom shear stress values (or friction velocities u*) in South Bay. Estimated mean values of zo and u* for flooding and ebbing cycles are different. The differences in mean zo and u* are shown to be caused by tidal current flood-ebb inequality, rather than the flooding or ebbing of tidal currents. The bed shear stress correlates well with a reference velocity; the slope of the correlation defines a drag coefficient. Forty-three days of field data in South Bay show two regimes of zo (and drag coefficient) as a function of a reference velocity. When the mean velocity is >25–30 cm s−1, the ln zo (and thus the drag coefficient) is inversely proportional to the reference velocity. The cause for the reduction of roughness length is hypothesized as sediment erosion due to intensifying tidal currents thereby reducing bed roughness. When the mean velocity is <25–30 cm s−1, the correlation between zo and the reference velocity is less clear. A plausible explanation of scattered values of zo under this condition may be sediment deposition. Measured sediment data were inadequate to support this hypothesis, but the proposed hypothesis warrants further field investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998JC900126","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., Ling, C.#., Gartner, J.W., and Wang, P., 1999, Estimates of bottom roughness length and bottom shear stress in South San Francisco Bay, California: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 104, no. C4, p. 7715-7728, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900126.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7715","endPage":"7728","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998jc900126","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"C4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ad8e4b0c8380cd52478","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ling, C. #NAME?","contributorId":14133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, P.-F.","contributorId":25311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021889,"text":"70021889 - 1999 - Revised age of the Rockland tephra, northern California: Implications for climate and stratigraphic reconstructions in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T12:14:58.766354","indexId":"70021889","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revised age of the Rockland tephra, northern California: Implications for climate and stratigraphic reconstructions in the western United States","docAbstract":"The Rockland tephra is an important stratigraphic marker for climate and stratigraphic reconstructions over a broad area of the western United States. New 40Ar/39Ar ages are as much as 200 k.y. older than previous cogenetic zircon fission-track ages, which range from 400 to 560 ka. Incremental-heating 40Ar/39Ar analyses on two splits of plagioclase from a proximal ash flow of the Rockland tephra in the Lassen Peak area, California, yield an average age-spectrum-plateau age of 614 ± 8 ka and an isochron age of 611 ± 11 ka. Our new age for the Rockland tephra is compatible with an 40Ar/39Ar analysis of plagioclase from the basaltic andesite of Hootman Ranch that directly overlies the Rockland tephra. A plateau age of 565 ± 29 ka, an isochron age of 572 ± 39 ka, and transitional directions of remanent magnetization suggest an age for the basaltic andesite of Hootman Ranch as ca. 570 ka. Correlation of the Rockland tephra with its suspected distal ash in sedimentary sections at widely scattered localities has made the ash an extremely valuable stratigraphic tool. Our new age for the Rockland tephra requires significant revision of many recent climate-based analyses in the western United States. In particular, the best ages for the Rockland tephra (614 ka) and the Lava Creek B ash (660 ka) and their association with oxygen isotopic stages 16 and 15 will allow enhanced understanding of mid-Pleistocene pluvial and interpluvial events in the western United States.
After Mars Pathfinder landed at the mouth of Ares Valus, a large channel that drains into the Chryse Planitia basin, the mission reports unanimously supported the interpretation that the lander site is the locus of catastrophic flooding by noting that all aspects of the scene are consistent with this interpretation. However, alternatives cannot be ruled out by any site observations, as all aspects of the scene are equally consistent with other interpretations of origin, namely, ice and mass-flow processes subsequently modified by wind erosion. The authors discuss alternative explanations for the geologic history of the channel based on a regional view of the circum-Chryse channels from Viking images (our best broad-scale information to date) and the local view from the recent Pathfinder landing site. Mega-indicators of channel origin, the regional geomorphology, geology, and planetary climatic conditions, taken together suggest some combination of flood, mass flow, glacial, and eolian processes. The macro-indicators of channel origin (sedimentologic) are also not indicative of one process of emplacement, either as single criteria or taken cumulatively. Finally, the micro-indicators of channel origin (geochemical and mineralogic composition) do not provide very tight constraints on the deposits' possible origins other than that water was in some way involved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JE02083","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.G., and Kargel, J., 1999, Observations at the Mars Pathfinder site: Do they provide \"unequivocal\" evidence of catastrophic flooding?: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8671-8678, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02083.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8671","endPage":"8678","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je02083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6a72e4b0c8380cd74186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, M. G.","contributorId":105737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021795,"text":"70021795 - 1999 - The color of the Martian sky and its influence on the illumination of the Martian surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T15:30:30.425969","indexId":"70021795","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The color of the Martian sky and its influence on the illumination of the Martian surface","docAbstract":"The dust in the atmosphere above the Mars Pathfinder landing site produced a bright, red sky that increases in redness toward the horizon at midday. There is also evidence for an absorption band in the scattered light from the sky at 860 nm. A model of the sky brightness has been developed [Markiewicz et al., this issue] and tested against Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP) observations of calibration targets on the lander. The resulting model has been used to quantify the total diffuse flux onto a surface parallel to the local level for several solar elevation angles and optical depths. The model shows that the diffuse illumination in shadowed areas is strongly reddened while areas illuminated directly by the Sun (and the blue forward scattering peak) see a more solar-type spectrum, in agreement with Viking and IMP observations. Quantitative corrections for the reddening in shadowed areas are demonstrated. It is shown quantitatively that the unusual appearance of the rock Yogi (the east face of which appeared relatively blue in images taken during the morning but relatively red during the afternoon) can be explained purely by the changing illumination geometry. We conclude that any spectrophotometric analysis of surfaces on Mars must take into account the diffuse flux. Specifically, the reflectances of surfaces viewed under different illumination geometries cannot be investigated for spectral diversity unless a correction has been applied which removes the influence of the reddened diffuse flux.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JE02556","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thomas, N., Markiewicz, W., Sablotny, R., Wuttke, M., Keller, H., Johnson, J.R., Reid, R., and Smith, R., 1999, The color of the Martian sky and its influence on the illumination of the Martian surface: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8795-8808, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02556.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"8795","endPage":"8808","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479630,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je02556","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa3ee4b08c986b32278c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, N.","contributorId":72490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markiewicz, W.J.","contributorId":33869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markiewicz","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sablotny, R.M.","contributorId":78106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sablotny","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wuttke, M.W.","contributorId":52353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wuttke","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, H.U.","contributorId":84526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"H.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reid, R.J.","contributorId":88899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, R.H.","contributorId":31932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70022020,"text":"70022020 - 1999 - Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T17:02:04.170889","indexId":"70022020","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":620,"text":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner","docAbstract":"High-resolution automated measurement of the geotechnical and geoacoustic properties of soil at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is performed with a state-of-the-art multi-sensor whole-core logging device. The device takes measurements, directly through intact sample-tube wall, of p-wave acoustic velocity, of soil wet bulk density, and magnetic susceptibility. This paper summarizes our methodology for determining soil-sound speed and wet-bulk density for material encased in an unsplit liner. Our methodology for nondestructive measurement allows for rapid, accurate, and high-resolution (1 cm-spaced) mapping of the mass physical properties of soil prior to sample extrusion.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 Symposium on Nondestructive and Automated Testing for Soil and Rock Properties","conferenceDate":"15 January 1998 through 16 January 1998","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Conshohocken, PA, United States","doi":"10.1520/STP13311S","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R.E., Edwards, B.D., and Lee, H., 1999, Nondestructive laboratory measurement of geotechnical and geoacoustic properties through intact core-liner: ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1350, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP13311S.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1350","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a676de4b0c8380cd73318","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R. E.","contributorId":14424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021958,"text":"70021958 - 1999 - Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T18:14:23.383954","indexId":"70021958","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"Anadromous northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma support a summer subsistence fishery in Beaufort Sea coastal waters. These same waters coincide with areas of oil and gas exploration and development. The purpose of this study was to assess variation in stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from sites along 400 km of Beaufort Sea coast. Mixed‐stock analyses (MSA) of allozyme data were used to compare collections from four sites (Endicott near Prudhoe Bay, Mikkelsen Bay, and Kaktovik in Alaska and Phillips Bay in Canada) and to assess variation in stock contributions among summer months and between 1987 and 1988. The MSA estimates for individual stocks were summed into estimates for three stock groups: western stocks from the area near Sagavarnirktok River and Prudhoe Bay (SAG), Arctic National Wildlife Refuge stocks (Arctic Refuge), and Canadian stocks. The MSA of Endicott samples taken in 1987 and 1988 did not differ among months in terms of contributions from local SAG stocks (range, 71–95%). Contributions from nonlocal (>100 km distant) Canadian and Arctic Refuge stocks were not different from zero in 1987, but contributions from Canadian stocks were so in July (17%) and August (20%) but not in September of 1988. Thus, stock contributions to Endicott collections were different between 1987 and 1988. Samples from the Kaktovik area in 1988 were different between months in terms of contributions from nonlocal SAG stocks (July, 7%; August, 27%). Significant contributions to these samples were made both months by Canadian (25% and 17%) and local Arctic Refuge stocks (68% and 56%). Among the four coastal sites, local stocks typically contributed most to collections; however, every site had collections that contained significant contributions from nonlocal stocks. The MSA estimates clearly revealed the movement of Dolly Varden between U.S. and Canada coastal waters. If local stocks are affected by oil and gas development activities, distant subsistence fisheries along the coast could also be affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Krueger, C., Wilmot, R., and Everett, R., 1999, Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 1, p. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Kaktovik, Mikkelsen Bay, Phillips Bay, Prudhoe Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.34302882846796,\n 71.33199231177122\n ],\n [\n -157.34302882846796,\n 68.92852198639318\n ],\n [\n -136.5522082329044,\n 68.92852198639318\n ],\n [\n -136.5522082329044,\n 71.33199231177122\n ],\n [\n -157.34302882846796,\n 71.33199231177122\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9857e4b08c986b31bfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krueger, C.C.","contributorId":97042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everett, R.J.","contributorId":42740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021794,"text":"70021794 - 1999 - GIXAFS study of Fe3+ sorption and precipitation on natural quartz surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:43:41.611101","indexId":"70021794","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2473,"text":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIXAFS study of Fe3+ sorption and precipitation on natural quartz surfaces","docAbstract":"Grazing-incidence EXAFS has been used to characterize the structure of Fe3+ sorbed onto natural single crystal quartz surfaces. Fe3+ sorption at ca. 5% monolayer coverage on a natural crystal allowed to equilibrate in air resulted in formation of hematite nuclei with strong texturing on r-and m-planes. EXAFS calculations suggests that both O and Fe backscattering is necessary to yield acceptable structural models, that about 50% of the sorbed iron resides in nuclei, and that the approximate dimensions of the nuclei can be estimated via Feff 7.0 calculations of various nuclei sizes and shapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scripts","doi":"10.1107/s0909049599001764","issn":"09090495","usgsCitation":"Waychunas, G., Davis, J., and Reitmeyer, R., 1999, GIXAFS study of Fe3+ sorption and precipitation on natural quartz surfaces: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 615-617, https://doi.org/10.1107/s0909049599001764.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0909049599001764","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a146ce4b0c8380cd54a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waychunas, G.","contributorId":37098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waychunas","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.","contributorId":41376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reitmeyer, R.","contributorId":87710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitmeyer","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021766,"text":"70021766 - 1999 - Aeolian features and processes at the Mars Pathfinder landing site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T10:50:35","indexId":"70021766","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aeolian features and processes at the Mars Pathfinder landing site","docAbstract":"The Mars Pathfinder landing site contains abundant features attributed to aeolian, or wind, processes. These include wind tails, drift deposits, duneforms of various types, ripplelike features, and ventifacts (the first clearly seen on Mars). Many of these features are consistant with formation involving sand-size particles. Although some features, such as dunes, could develop from saltating sand-size aggregates of finer grains, the discovery of ventifact flutes cut in rocks strongly suggests that at least some of the grains are crystalline, rather than aggregates. Excluding the ventifacts, the orientations of the wind-related features correlate well with the orientations of bright wind steaks seen on Viking Orbiter images in the general area. They also correlate with wind direction predictions from the NASA-Ames General Circulation Model (GCM) which show that the strongest winds in the area occur in the northern hemisphere winter and are directed toward 209°.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/98JE02553","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Greeley, R., Kraft, M., Sullivan, R., Wilson, G., Bridges, N., Herkenhoff, K.E., Kuzmin, R.O., Malin, M., and Ward, W., 1999, Aeolian features and processes at the Mars Pathfinder landing site: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E4, p. 8573-8584, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE02553.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"8573","endPage":"8584","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98je02553","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e70ee4b0c8380cd47811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greeley, Ronald","contributorId":20833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kraft, Michael","contributorId":78899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraft","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Robert","contributorId":70102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Gregory","contributorId":84938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Gregory","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bridges, Nathan","contributorId":55168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bridges","given":"Nathan","affiliations":[{"id":7166,"text":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kuzmin, Ruslan O.","contributorId":31059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuzmin","given":"Ruslan","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Malin, Michael","contributorId":88112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ward, Wes","contributorId":103815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70021834,"text":"70021834 - 1999 - Sediment, land use, and freshwater mussels: Prospects and problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-04T14:45:41","indexId":"70021834","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment, land use, and freshwater mussels: Prospects and problems","docAbstract":"The decline in freshwater mussel populations in many river basins throughout North America has been attributed, in part, to land-use modifications that cause changes in sediment regimes. However, the specific associations that mussels have with stream sediments are poorly understood, making it difficult to assess the impacts of changes in sedimentation rates on unionid mussels. Both bed and suspended materials, and concomitant changes in channel form associated with changes in sediment supply, may affect mussels in numerous ways at various stages in their life cycle. Considerable debate and uncertainty remains regarding the strength of associations between sediments and mussels, including whether increased sedimentation is a cause of recent mussel declines. It is important to be aware of appropriate procedures for sampling and analyzing fluvial sediments, and the nature of sediment sources, to adequately assess relationships between unionid mussels and fluvial sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468011","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Brim-Box, J., and Mossa, J., 1999, Sediment, land use, and freshwater mussels: Prospects and problems: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 18, no. 1, p. 99-117, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468011.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229449,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b89fee4b08c986b316f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brim-Box, J.","contributorId":37695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brim-Box","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mossa, J.","contributorId":35471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossa","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021837,"text":"70021837 - 1999 - Chlorinated ethenes from groundwater in tree trunks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-04T10:25:09","indexId":"70021837","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chlorinated ethenes from groundwater in tree trunks","docAbstract":"The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether tree-core analysis could be used to delineate shallow groundwater contamination by chlorinated ethenes. Analysis of tree cores from bald cypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich], tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.), sweet gum (Liquidambar stryaciflua L.), oak (Quercus spp.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing over shallow groundwater contaminated with cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) showed that those compounds also were present in the trees. The cores were collected and analyzed by headspace gas chromatography. Bald cypress, tupelo, and loblolly pine contained the highest concentrations of TCE, with lesser amounts in nearby oak and sweet gum. The concentrations of cDCE and TCE in various trees appeared to reflect the configuration of the chlorinated-solvent groundwater contamination plume. Bald cypress cores collected along 18.6-m vertical transects of the same trunks showed that TCE concentrations decline by 30−70% with trunk height. The ability of the tested trees to take up cDCE and TCE make tree coring a potentially cost-effective and simple approach to optimizing well placement at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.1021/es980848b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Nietch, C., and Morris, J.T., 1999, Chlorinated ethenes from groundwater in tree trunks: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 510-515, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980848b.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206347,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980848b"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5c7e4b0c8380cd4c3f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":391367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nietch, C.T.","contributorId":29592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nietch","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, J. T.","contributorId":70422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morris","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021857,"text":"70021857 - 1999 - Hafnium isotope stratigraphy of ferromanganese crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021857","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hafnium isotope stratigraphy of ferromanganese crusts","docAbstract":"A Cenozoic record of hafnium isotopic compositions of central Pacific deep water has been obtained from two ferromanganese crusts. The crusts are separated by more than 3000 kilometers but display similar secular variations. Significant fluctuations in hafnium isotopic composition occurred in the Eocene and Oligocene, possibly related to direct advection from the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Hafnium isotopic compositions have remained approximately uniform for the past 20 million years, probably reflecting increased isolation of the central Pacific. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in 87Sr/86Sr in seawater through the Cenozoic apparently had no effect on central Pacific deep-water hafnium.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.285.5430.1052","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Lee, D., Halliday, A.N., Hein, J., Burton, K., Christensen, J., and Gunther, D., 1999, Hafnium isotope stratigraphy of ferromanganese crusts: Science, v. 285, no. 5430, p. 1052-1054, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5430.1052.","startPage":"1052","endPage":"1054","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229230,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5430.1052"}],"volume":"285","issue":"5430","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f54e4b0c8380cd5ccc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, D.-C.","contributorId":38307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, K.W.","contributorId":101399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christensen, J.N.","contributorId":97268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gunther, D.","contributorId":35491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021985,"text":"70021985 - 1999 - Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in mediterranean and non-mediterranean climate ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70021985","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in mediterranean and non-mediterranean climate ecosystems","docAbstract":"I Both fire regimes and the conditions under which fires occur vary widely. Abiotic conditions (such as climate) in combination with fire season, frequency and intensity could influence vegetation responses to fire. A variety of adaptations facilitate post-fire recruitment in mediterranean climate ecosystems, but responses of other communities are less well known. We evaluated the importance of climate by comparing sites with mediterranean and subtropical climates. 2 We used paired burned and mature sites in chamise chaparral, mixed chaparral and coastal sage scrub (California), and rosemary scrub, sand pine scrub and sand-hill (Florida), to test whether (i) patterns of pre-fire and post-fire seedling recruitment are more similar between communities within a region than between regions, and (ii) post-fire stimulation of seedling establishment is greater in regions with marked fire-induced contrasts in abiotic site characteristics. 3 Post-fire seedling densities were more similar among sites within climatic regions than between regions. Both seedling densities and proportions of species represented by seedlings after fires were generally higher in California. 4 The only site characteristic showing a pre-fire-post-fire contrast was percentage open canopy, and the effect was greater in California than in Florida. Soil properties were unaffected by fire. 5 Mediterranean climate ecosystems in other regions have nutrient-poor soils similar to our subtropical Florida sites, but show post-fire seedling recruitment patterns more similar to the nutrient-rich sites in California. Climate therefore appears to play a more major role than soil characteristics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00419.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Carrington, M., and Keeley, J., 1999, Comparison of post-fire seedling establishment between scrub communities in mediterranean and non-mediterranean climate ecosystems: Journal of Ecology, v. 87, no. 6, p. 1025-1036, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00419.x.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1036","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206210,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00419.x"},{"id":229127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f883e4b0c8380cd4d15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrington, M.E.","contributorId":28930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrington","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021783,"text":"70021783 - 1999 - Effects of protective fencing on birds, lizards, and black-tailed hares in the Western Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021783","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of protective fencing on birds, lizards, and black-tailed hares in the Western Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Effects of protective fencing on birds, lizards, black-tailed hares (Lepus californicus), perennial plant cover, and structural diversity of perennial plants were evaluated from spring 1994 through winter 1995 at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area (DTNA), in the Mojave Desert, California. Abundance and species richness of birds were higher inside than outside the DTNA, and effects were larger during breeding than wintering seasons and during a high than a low rainfall year. Ash-throated flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens), cactus wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus), LeConte's thrashers (Toxostoma lecontei), loggerhead shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), sage sparrows (Amphispiza belli), and verdins (Auriparus flaviceps) were more abundant inside than outside the DTNA. Nesting activity was also more frequent inside. Total abundance and species richness of lizards and individual abundances of western whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorous tigris) and desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister) were higher inside than outside. In contrast, abundance of black-tailed hares was lower inside. Structural diversity of the perennial plant community did not differ due to protection, but cover was 50% higher in protected areas. Black-tailed hares generally prefer areas of low perennial plant cover, which may explain why they were more abundant outside than inside the DTNA. Habitat structure may not affect bird and lizard communities as much as availability of food at this desert site, and the greater abundance and species richness of vertebrates inside than outside the DTNA may correlate with abundances of seeds and invertebrate prey.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag New York","publisherLocation":"Secaucus, NJ, United States","doi":"10.1007/s002679900194","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M., 1999, Effects of protective fencing on birds, lizards, and black-tailed hares in the Western Mojave Desert: Environmental Management, v. 23, no. 3, p. 387-400, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900194.","startPage":"387","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206238,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900194"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0790e4b0c8380cd51764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, M.","contributorId":61364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021906,"text":"70021906 - 1999 - Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021906","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite","docAbstract":"This study has yielded surface water paleotemperatures from primary fluid inclusions in mid Permian Nippewalla Group halite from western Kansas. A 'cooling nucleation' method is used to generate vapor bubbles in originally all-liquid primary inclusions. Then, surface water paleotemperatures are obtained by measuring temperatures of homogenization to liquid. Homogenization temperatures ranged from 21??C to 50??C and are consistent along individual fluid inclusion assemblages, indicating that the fluid inclusions have not been altered by thermal reequilibration. Homogenization temperatures show a range of up to 26??C from base to top of individual cloudy chevron growth bands. Petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence indicate that no significant pressure correction is needed for the homogenization temperature data. We interpret these homogenization temperatures to represent shallow surface water paleotemperatures. The range in temperatures from base to top of single chevron bands may reflect daily temperatures variations. These Permian surface water temperatures fall within the same range as some modern evaporative surface waters, suggesting that this Permian environment may have been relatively similar to its modern counterparts. Shallow surface water temperatures in evaporative settings correspond closely to local air temperatures. Therefore, the Permian surface water temperatures determined in this study may be considered proxies for local Permian air temperatures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Benison, K., and Goldstein, R., 1999, Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite: Chemical Geology, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 113-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2.","startPage":"113","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2"},{"id":229341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76bee4b0c8380cd782c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benison, K.C.","contributorId":44687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benison","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021982,"text":"70021982 - 1999 - The effects of chlorpyrifos on cholinesterase activity and foraging behavior in the dragonfly, Anax junius (Odonata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70021982","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of chlorpyrifos on cholinesterase activity and foraging behavior in the dragonfly, Anax junius (Odonata)","docAbstract":"We examined head capsule cholinesterase (ChE) and foraging behavior in nymphs of the dragonfly, Anax junius, exposed for 24 h to 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 ??g l-1 of the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate]. The invertebrate community is an important component of the structure and function of wetland ecosystems, yet the potential effects of insecticides on wetland ecosystems are largely unknown. Our objectives were to determine if exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of chlorpyrifos affected foraging behavior and ChE activity in head capsules of dragonfly nymphs. Nymphs were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos and different prey densities in a factorial design. ChE activities and foraging behaviors of treated nymphs were not statistically different (p ??? 0.05) from control groups. Prey density effects exerted a greater effect on dragonfly foraging than toxicant exposures. Nymphs offered higher prey densities exhibited more foraging behaviors but also missed their prey more often. High variability in ChE activities within the control group and across treated groups precluded determination of relationships between ChE and foraging behaviors. It appears that A. junius is relatively tolerant of chlorpyrifos, although the concentrations we tested have been shown in other work to adversely affect the prey base; therefore the introduction of this insecticide may have indirect adverse affects on top invertebrate predators such as Odonata.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1003682112025","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Brewer, S., and Atchison, G., 1999, The effects of chlorpyrifos on cholinesterase activity and foraging behavior in the dragonfly, Anax junius (Odonata): Hydrobiologia, v. 394, p. 201-208, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003682112025.","startPage":"201","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206200,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003682112025"},{"id":229095,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"394","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab71e4b08c986b322e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brewer, S.K.","contributorId":34284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewer","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atchison, G.J.","contributorId":59406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atchison","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021859,"text":"70021859 - 1999 - Tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:50:43","indexId":"70021859","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity tests","docAbstract":"A method is described for preparing formulated sediments for use intoxicity testing. Ingredients used to prepare formulated sediments included commercially available silt, clay, sand, humic acid, dolomite, and α-cellulose (as a source of organic carbon). α-Cellulose was selected as the source of organic carbon because it is commercially available, consistent from batch to batch, and low in contaminant concentrations. The tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity testing was evaluated. Sediment exposures were conducted for 10 d with the amphipod Hyalella azteca, the midges Chironomus riparius and C. tentans, and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and for 28 d with H. azteca. Responses of organisms in formulated sediments was compared with a field-collected control sediment that has routinely been used to determine test acceptability. Tolerance of organisms to formulated sediments was evaluated by determining responses to varying levels of α-cellulose, to varying levels of grain size, to evaluation of different food types, or to evaluation of different sources of overlying water. In the 10-d exposures, survival of organisms exposed to the formulated sediments routinely met or exceeded the responses of test organisms exposed to the control sediment and routinely met test acceptability criteria required in standard methods. Growth of amphipods and oligochaetes in 10-d exposures with formulated sediment was often less than growth of organisms in the field-collected control sediment. Additional research is needed, using the method employed to prepare formulated sediment, to determine if conditioning formulated sediments before starting 10-d tests would improve the growth of amphipods. In the 28-d exposures, survival of H. azteca was low when reconstituted water was used as the source of overlying water. However, when well water was used as the source of overlying water in 28-d exposures, consistent responses of amphipods were observed in both formulated and control sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620180218","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Kemble, N., Dwyer, F., Ingersoll, C., Dawson, T., and Norberg-King, T., 1999, Tolerance of freshwater test organisms to formulated sediments for use as control materials in whole-sediment toxicity tests: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 2, p. 222-230, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180218.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb430e4b08c986b32622e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kemble, N.E.","contributorId":28028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemble","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, T.D.","contributorId":42738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021782,"text":"70021782 - 1999 - Evaluation of waterfowl conservation under the North American Waterfowl Management Plan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T23:26:38.890482","indexId":"70021782","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of waterfowl conservation under the North American Waterfowl Management Plan","docAbstract":"In 1986, the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (Plan) was signed by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior and the Canadian Minister of the Environment, with a goal of restoring waterfowl populations to levels of the 1970s via habitat conservation. Central to the Plan is a set of ambitious continental population goals and habitat objectives to be met through broad-based public-private partnerships. Inadequate attention has been paid to evaluation of the Plan, despite the fact that Plan delivery can be enhanced via improved understanding of the effects of habitat conservation on waterfowl population dynamics. Several factors confound the effort to evaluate the Plan at regional and continental levels, including difficulties in accounting for national land-use policies. To date, evaluation has proceeded along 2 avenues of investigation: (1) the study of conservation actions at local-regional levels, and (2) statistical assessment of Plan assumptions. Among other things, results thus far indicate duck production from the U.S. Northern Great Plains has increased in recent years, and intensive treatments such as planted cover have had positive effects on local reproductive success. Many duck species currently exceed Plan population goals; however, population levels of some species, most notably northern pintail (Anas acuta), remain below expectations based on historic relationships with precipitation. Management implications include the need for ongoing and more carefully prioritized conservation efforts, broader partnerships, and improved understanding of the linkages between habitats and biological processes. Delivery of the Plan must involve collaboration among the Continental Evaluation Team, joint Venture partners, the Adaptive Management and Assessment Team of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and other conservation groups. Although the challenges and projected costs of Plan conservation efforts are considerable, the long-term potential benefits to waterfowl conservation are great.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802628","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., Koneff, M., and Stith, D.A., 1999, Evaluation of waterfowl conservation under the North American Waterfowl Management Plan: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 2, p. 417-440, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802628.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"440","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d07e4b0c8380cd52dc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B. Kenneth","contributorId":107798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koneff, M.D.","contributorId":37031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koneff","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stith, David A.","contributorId":86418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stith","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022065,"text":"70022065 - 1999 - Temporal variations in dissolved selenium in Lake Kinneret (Israel)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:05:02","indexId":"70022065","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":873,"text":"Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variations in dissolved selenium in Lake Kinneret (Israel)","docAbstract":"Selenium is an essential micronutrient for the growth of the dinoflagellate Peridinium gatunense that dominates the spring algal bloom in Lake Kinneret (LK). The relationship between the levels of dissolved selenium species and the occurance of algal blooms in this lake was studied. During algal blooms of P. gatunense in spring and of the blue-green Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in fall (in 1994) the concentration of epilimnetic dissolved organic Se (Se(org)) increased whereas that of selenite (SeIV) decreased, to levels below the limit of detection: 5 ng/l. The disappearance of SeIV during these blooms is attributed to algal uptake and it is suggested that the growth of both algae may have depended on Se(org) regeneration. A budget performed for selenate (SeVI) suggests that this species is also consumed by algae but to a lesser extent than SeIV (in 1994 ~40% of the epilimnetic load). During the stratification period the hypolimnion of Lake Kinneret becomes anoxic, with high levels of dissolved sulfide. The affects of this environment on the distribution of Se oxy-anions, selenite (SeIV) and selenate(SeVI), were also studied. At the onset of thermal stratification (March) about 35% of the lake inventory of both Se oxidized species are entrapped in the hypolimnion. During stages of oxygen depletion and H2S accumulation, SeIV is completely and SeVI partially removed from this layer. The removal is attributed to reduction followed by formation of particulate reduced products, such as elemental selenium Se(o). The ratio between SeVI to total dissolved selenium (SE(T)) in water sources to the lake is ~0.84, about twice the corresponding ratio in the lake (~0.44, during holomixis). In the lake about 75% of annual SeVI inflow from external sources undergoes reduction to selenide (Se-II) and Se(o) through epilimnetic algal assimilation and hypolimnetic anoxic reduction, respectively. It is suggested that the latter oxidation of the dissolved organic selenide released from biogenic particles and of Se(o) only to the tetravalent species is the cause for the lower ratio of SeVI/Se(T) in the lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s000270050063","issn":"10151621","usgsCitation":"Nishri, A., Brenner, I., Hall, G., and Taylor, H.E., 1999, Temporal variations in dissolved selenium in Lake Kinneret (Israel): Aquatic Sciences, v. 61, no. 3, p. 215-233, https://doi.org/10.1007/s000270050063.","startPage":"215","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000270050063"},{"id":230888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba52be4b08c986b320872","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishri, A.","contributorId":24520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishri","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenner, I.B.","contributorId":23711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"I.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, G.E.M.","contributorId":67671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"G.E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021928,"text":"70021928 - 1999 - Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-02T15:03:25","indexId":"70021928","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands","docAbstract":"Grassland passerines were surveyed during summer 1995 on the Buffalo Ridge Wind Resource Area in southwestern Minnesota to determine the relative influence of wind turbines on overall densities of upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands. Birds were surveyed along 40 m fixed width transects that were placed along wind turbine strings within three CRP fields and in three CRP fields without turbines. Conservation Reserve Program grasslands without turbines and areas located 180 m from turbines supported higher densities (261.0-312.5 males/100 ha) of grassland birds than areas within 80 m of turbines (58.2-128.0 males/100 ha). Human disturbance, turbine noise, and physical movements of turbines during operation may have disturbed nesting birds. We recommend that wind turbines be placed within cropland habitats that support lower densities of grassland passerines than those found in CRP grasslands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"http://www.wilsonsociety.org","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Leddy, K., Higgins, K., and Naugle, D., 1999, Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 111, no. 1, p. 100-104.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266905,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v111n01/p0100-p0104.pdf"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0847e4b0c8380cd51a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leddy, K.L.","contributorId":27629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leddy","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}