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Although Burk's (1964) reconnaissance map of the Alaska Peninsula (scale 1:250,000) has been modified in some respects, it does correct Atwood's map by replacing the Kenai Formation on northwestern Unga Island with the Unga Conglomerate and by recognizing the older Stepovak Formation elsewhere on Unga and Popof Islands.</p><p>U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field studies that were focused on the mineral-resource potential of the Alaska Peninsula began in the late 1970's. These studies led to a geologic map of the Port Moller quadrangle--including Unga Island--at 1:250,000 scale (Wilson and others, 1995), as well as summaries of mineral occurrences and geochronological studies (Wilson and others, 1988, 1994) and a formal revision of the stratigraphic units of the Alaska Peninsula (Detterman and others, 1996). As follow-up to the regional studies, a detailed study of the vein systems on Unga Island was undertaken as a collaborative effort between USGS and private industry (White and Queen, 1989). The fieldwork leading to the present report and geologic map was started in 1978 (Riehle and others, 1982) and was completed as part of the vein study. The objective was a better understanding of the geologic setting of the vein systems: the geologic history of the host rocks, the structural controls on the veins, and the types of processes that likely caused the mineralization.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska (Open-File Report 99-136)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/70180394","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J.R., Wilson, F.H., Shew, N.B., and White, W., 1999, Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in <i>A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska</i> (Version 1.3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-136, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180394.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-136/chapters/c2_geology/2_geol_map.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Popof Island, Unga Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.77392578125,\n              55.407188641599014\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.576171875,\n              55.43057190604551\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.40863037109372,\n              55.380670870827416\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.26855468749997,\n              55.36818576460152\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.29876708984375,\n              55.246249384919125\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.52947998046875,\n              55.11294279005422\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.8673095703125,\n              55.09723033442451\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.927734375,\n              55.229023057406344\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.9002685546875,\n              55.374428810207625\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.77392578125,\n              55.407188641599014\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.3","publicComments":"Originally published in a CD-ROM; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, James R.","contributorId":70048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Willis H.","contributorId":7761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Willis H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180136,"text":"70180136 - 1999 - Wind River watershed project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:56:53","indexId":"70180136","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Wind River watershed project","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 1999, Wind River watershed project.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180137,"text":"70180137 - 1999 - Juvenile steelhead and rearing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:59:22","indexId":"70180137","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Juvenile steelhead and rearing conditions","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wind River watershed project","language":"English ","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 1999, Juvenile steelhead and rearing conditions, v. 1, 20 p. .","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"E1","endPage":"E20","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180135,"text":"70180135 - 1999 - Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids. Annual report 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:54:58","indexId":"70180135","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids. Annual report 1998","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Robinson, T., VanderKooi, S.P., and Haner, P., 1999, Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids. Annual report 1998.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180140,"text":"70180140 - 1999 - Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T15:13:24","indexId":"70180140","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 1999, Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188292,"text":"70188292 - 1999 - Mother Lode gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T15:36:28","indexId":"70188292","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mother Lode gold","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2338-8.55","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., 1999, Mother Lode gold: GSA Special Papers, v. 338, p. 55-67, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2338-8.55.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"338","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dafe4b0f6c2d0d7d65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70196070,"text":"70196070 - 1999 - Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T14:47:49","indexId":"70196070","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"displayTitle":"Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjökull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry","title":"Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two ascending European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Resources Satellites (ERS)-1/-2 tandem-mode, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) pairs are used to calculate the surface elevation of Hofsjokull, an ice cap in central Iceland. The motion component of the interferometric phase is calculated using the 30 arc-second resolution USGS GTOPO30 global digital elevation product and one of the ERS tandem pairs. The topography is then derived by subtracting the motion component from the other tandem pair. In order to assess the accuracy of the resultant digital elevation model (DEM), a geodetic airborne laser-altimetry swath is compared with the elevations derived from the interferometry. The DEM is also compared with elevations derived from a digitized topographic map of the ice cap from the University of Iceland Science Institute. Results show that low temporal correlation is a significant problem for the application of interferometry to small, low-elevation ice caps, even over a one-day repeat interval, and especially at the higher elevations. Results also show that an uncompensated error in the phase, ramping from northwest to southeast, present after tying the DEM to ground-control points, has resulted in a systematic error across the DEM.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fifty-sixth annual Eastern snow conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fifty-sixth annual Eastern snow conference","conferenceDate":"June 2-4, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Fredericton, NB","language":"English","publisher":"Eastern Snow Conference","isbn":"0-920081-21-5","usgsCitation":"Barton, J.S., Hall, D.K., Sigurdsson, O., Williams, R., Smith, L., and Garvin, J.B., 1999, Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the fifty-sixth annual Eastern snow conference, Fredericton, NB, June 2-4, 1999, p. 5-12.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000031720"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Hofsjökull Ice Cap","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff12ece4b0da30c1bfd335","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Taylor, Susan","contributorId":118167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, Janet","contributorId":124522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"Janet","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Jonathan S.","contributorId":62151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":24697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sigurdsson, Oddur","contributorId":38666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"Oddur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":83859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":731204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Laurence C.","contributorId":169004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Laurence C.","affiliations":[{"id":13022,"text":"Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garvin, James B.","contributorId":22112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":731206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189411,"text":"70189411 - 1999 - Implications of climate change for Alaska's seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T13:03:43","indexId":"70189411","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Implications of climate change for Alaska's seabirds","docAbstract":"<p>Seabirds are prominent and highly visible components of marine ecosystems that will be affected by global climate change. The Bering Sea region is particularly important to seabirds; populations there are larger and more diverse than in any similar region in North America—over 90% of seabirds breeding in the continental United States are found in this region. Seabirds, so named because they spend at least 80% of their lives at sea, are dependent upon marine resources for food. As prey availability changes in response to climatically driven factors such as surface sea temperature and extent of sea ice, so will populations of seabirds be affected.</p><p>Seabirds are valued as indicators of healthy marine ecosystems and provide a “vicarious use value” or existence value—people appreciate and value seabirds simply because they are there and enjoy them through venues such as pictures, nature programs, and written accounts without ever directly observing seabirds in their native environment. A direct measure of this value is demonstrated by Federal legislation that established specific national wildlife refuges to protect seabirds and international treaty obligations that provide additional protection for seabirds. Seabirds are also an important subsistence resource for many who live within the Bering Sea region. Furthermore, the rich knowledge base about seabirds makes them a valuable resource as indicator species for measurement of change in the marine environment. Understanding this latter relationship is particularly important for seabirds as they can be dramatically affected by development-related activities (e.g., oil spills, fishing); understanding the population effects due to climatic change is critical to interpreting the actual effects of specific human activities or events.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the Consequences of Climate Change for Alaska and the Bering Sea Region","conferenceDate":"October 29–30, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Meehan, R., Byrd, G.V., Divoky, G.J., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Implications of climate change for Alaska's seabirds, <i>in</i> Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region, Fairbanks, AK, October 29–30, 1998, p. 75-89.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.besis.uaf.edu/besis-oct98-report/besis-oct98-report.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673545e4b0d1f9f05dd7f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weller, Gunter","contributorId":113764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weller","given":"Gunter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Patricia A.","contributorId":113425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patricia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meehan, Rosa","contributorId":190291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meehan","given":"Rosa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Divoky, George J.","contributorId":100912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divoky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180139,"text":"70180139 - 1999 - John Day Dam Phase I Drawdown: Composition of resident fish communities in near-shore habitats of John Day Reservoir, and potential for changes in predator predator-prey relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T15:09:55","indexId":"70180139","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"John Day Dam Phase I Drawdown: Composition of resident fish communities in near-shore habitats of John Day Reservoir, and potential for changes in predator predator-prey relationships","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Barfoot, C., Petersen, J., Sheer, M., and Poe, T., 1999, John Day Dam Phase I Drawdown: Composition of resident fish communities in near-shore habitats of John Day Reservoir, and potential for changes in predator predator-prey relationships.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"John Day Reservoir ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.94779968261719,\n              45.664926152966025\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.94779968261719,\n              45.64332808758249\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92857360839842,\n              45.63228585970125\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.88119506835936,\n              45.632766001813536\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.82763671875,\n              45.66684557788979\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.68138122558595,\n              45.70426120956251\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65254211425781,\n              45.72152152227954\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65803527832031,\n              45.744526980468436\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.71228027343751,\n              45.719603972998634\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.81665039062499,\n              45.6913124767407\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91896057128906,\n              45.66780526567164\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.93475341796875,\n              45.665406015366976\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.94779968261719,\n              45.664926152966025\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barfoot, C.A.","contributorId":51490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barfoot","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, J.H.","contributorId":72154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheer, M.","contributorId":178684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180138,"text":"70180138 - 1999 - Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T15:01:37","indexId":"70180138","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Rondorf, D., and Burge, H., 1999, Post-release attributes and survival of hatchery and natural fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333847,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burge, H.L.","contributorId":57104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burge","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178177,"text":"70178177 - 1999 - Water-sediment controversy in setting environmental standards for selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T13:42:13","indexId":"70178177","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-sediment controversy in setting environmental standards for selenium","docAbstract":"<p><span>A substantial amount of laboratory and field research on selenium effects to biota has been accomplished since the national water quality criterion was published for selenium in 1987. Many articles have documented adverse effects on biota at concentrations below the current chronic criterion of 5 μg/L. This commentary will present information to support a national water quality criterion for selenium of 2 μg/L, based on a wide array of support from federal, state, university, and international sources. Recently, two articles have argued for a sediment-based criterion and presented a model for deriving site-specific criteria. In one example, they calculate a criterion of 31 μg/L for a stream with a low sediment selenium toxicity threshold and low site-specific sediment total organic carbon content, which is substantially higher than the national criterion of 5 μg/L. Their basic premise for proposing a sediment-based method has been critically reviewed and problems in their approach are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.1999.1833","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Lemly, A., 1999, Water-sediment controversy in setting environmental standards for selenium: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 44, no. 3, p. 227-235, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1833.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemly, A. Dennis","contributorId":176697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemly","given":"A. Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021995,"text":"70021995 - 1999 - Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-01T16:19:57.451155","indexId":"70021995","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>In late November to early December 1995 and February 1996, northern Idaho was hit by heavy rains on a deep snowpack, resulting in two flood and landslide events of historic magnitude. Each of these storms was larger than the previous significant storm, which occurred in January 1974. A study was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to survey and study the effects of the resultant landslides on the Clearwater National Forest, including the effects on the aquatic ecosystem. The results of this study were compared with the estimated average natural sediment resulting from landslides to evaluate the incremental impacts of these recent episodic landslides. They were also compared with the results of a study conducted on the landslides resulting from the January 1974 storm to determine if the landscape was responding more severely to large storms as a result of Forest Service management activities over the past 21 years. The general results of this study indicate that, of the Forest Service management activities, roads are the major contributor; however, they contribute less sediment than natural landslides. The total resultant sediment appears to be within the transport capacity of the aquatic system, and the landslide response in 1974 was similar to the 1995–1996 response. The results of the aquatic ecosystem study were generally mixed, with some habitat parameters indicating degradation, some unchanged, and some improved as a result of the flooding or flooding with landslide sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3141/1652-63","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"McClelland, D., Foltz, R., Falter, C., Wilson, W., Cundy, T., Schuster, R.L., Saurbier, J., Rabe, C., and Heinemann, R., 1999, Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho: Transportation Research Record, v. 1652, no. 1, p. 235-243, https://doi.org/10.3141/1652-63.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"243","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater National Forest, northern Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.25301812836828,\n              46.818986458508704\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25301812836828,\n              46.61803224613476\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.94180943579468,\n              46.61803224613476\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.94180943579468,\n              46.818986458508704\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.25301812836828,\n              46.818986458508704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1652","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa680e4b0c8380cd84eb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClelland, D.E.","contributorId":84102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClelland","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foltz, R.B.","contributorId":26098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foltz","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falter, C.M.","contributorId":107870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falter","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, W.D.","contributorId":6609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cundy, T.","contributorId":98485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cundy","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schuster, R. L.","contributorId":19135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Saurbier, J.","contributorId":36313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saurbier","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rabe, C.","contributorId":44686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabe","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Heinemann, R.","contributorId":56820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinemann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021231,"text":"70021231 - 1999 - Factors related to probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-01T16:27:24.473767","indexId":"70021231","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3647,"text":"Transportation Research Record","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors related to probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Factors related to the probability of joint flooding on paired streams were investigated. Stream pairs were considered to have flooded jointly at the design-year flood threshold (corresponding to the 2-, 10-, 25-, or 50-year instantaneous peak stream flow) if peak stream flows at both streams in the pair were observed or predicted to have equaled or exceeded the threshold on a given calendar day. Daily mean stream-flow data were used as a surrogate for instantaneous peak stream-flow data to determine which flood thresholds were equaled or exceeded on any given day. Instantaneous peak stream-flow data, when available, were used preferentially to assess when the flood threshold was exceeded. Observed probabilities of joint flooding were computed as the ratios of the number of days when stream flows at both streams concurrently equaled or exceeded their flood thresholds (events) to the number of days when stream flows at either stream equaled or exceeded its flood threshold (trials). Logistic regression equations for estimating the probability of joint flooding at the 2-year flood threshold were developed on the basis of event-trial ratio and basin characteristic data. Distance between drainage area centroids, the ratio of the smaller drainage area to the larger drainage area, mean drainage area, and the centroid angle adjusted 30 degrees were the characteristics most closely associated with the probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio. In general, the probability of joint flooding decreased with an increase in centroid distance and increased with increases in drainage area ratio, mean drainage area, and centroid angle adjusted 30 degrees.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3141/1690-20","issn":"03611981","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Sherwood, J.M., 1999, Factors related to probability of joint flooding on paired streams in Ohio: Transportation Research Record, v. 1690, no. 1, p. 175-185, https://doi.org/10.3141/1690-20.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"185","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230258,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Untied States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.80150559702629,\n              41.70167974704924\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.56337273498531,\n              38.979843211374686\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.00051705195239,\n              38.70095035230966\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.53924800641786,\n              38.451387273306636\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11709495805304,\n              38.50692381648153\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.53258866226733,\n              39.15422253330972\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6017070297885,\n              39.71753214394215\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.53676448016145,\n              42.352627022281666\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.48512301710934,\n              41.67227938065146\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.39435706270045,\n              41.75164058958894\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.80150559702629,\n              41.70167974704924\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1690","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ed7e4b0c8380cd53656","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherwood, J. M.","contributorId":83554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2001164,"text":"2001164 - 1999 - Specimen shipment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001164,"text":"2001164 - 1999 - Specimen shipment","indexId":"2001164","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Specimen shipment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-04T20:35:02.209094","indexId":"2001164","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Specimen shipment","docAbstract":"<p>Procedures for shipping specimens vary with different disease diagnostic laboratories. Therefore, it is important to contact the receiving laboratory and obtain specific shipping instructions. This will facilitate processing of specimens when they reach the laboratory and assure that the quality of specimens is not compromised. Time spent on field investigation, specimen collection, and obtaining an adequate history will be of little value if specimens become contaminated, decomposed, or otherwise spoiled during shipping to the diagnostic laboratory.</p><p>There are five important considerations for proper specimen shipment: (l) prevent cross-contamination from specimen to specimen, (2) prevent decomposition of the specimen, (3) prevent leakage of fluids, (4) preserve individual specimen identity, and (5) properly label the package. Basic supplies needed for specimen shipment are shown in Fig. 3.l.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Franson, J.C., 1999, Specimen shipment: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=25","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5d20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1004016,"text":"1004016 - 1999 - Survival and physiologic response of common Amakihi and Japanese white-eyes during simulated translocation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T15:14:19.639298","indexId":"1004016","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and physiologic response of common Amakihi and Japanese white-eyes during simulated translocation","docAbstract":"We evaluated the effects of three translocation trials on Common Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) and Japanese White-eyes (Zosterops japonicus). Trial 1 involved capturing birds, transporting them on rough roads for 4 hr followed by holding in an aviary for 48 hr without overnight thermal support prior to release. Trial 2 involved capture, then holding in an aviary for 48 hr with overnight thermal support followed by transport for 4 hr prior to release. Trial 3 and 1 were identical except that overnight thermal support was provided during trial 3. We monitored survival, food consumption, weight change, and fecal production during captivity as well as changes in hematocrit, estimated total solids, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios, plasma uric acid, and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) at capture and release. Survival was significantly lower for Amakihi during trial 1 (no thermal support). Birds that died lost significantly more weight than those that survived. Regardless of trial, birds responded to translocation by a combination of weight loss, anemia, hypoproteinemia, and elevated heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, uric acid, and CPK levels. The first 24 hr of captivity posed the greatest risk to birds regardless of whether transport or holding occurred first. Food consumption, fecal production, and weight all decreased at night, and overnight thermal support during holding was critical if ambient temperatures dipped to freezing. We recommend that if small passerines are to be held for > 12 hr, they be monitored individually for weight loss, food consumption, and fecal production.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370442","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., Massey, J.G., Johnson, L., Dougill, S., and Banko, P.C., 1999, Survival and physiologic response of common Amakihi and Japanese white-eyes during simulated translocation: The Condor, v. 101, no. 1, p. 21-27, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370442.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503034,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol101/iss1/3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":135871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602ba3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Massey, J. Gregory","contributorId":101054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Luanne","contributorId":140108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Luanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dougill, Steve","contributorId":140104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dougill","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":314933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1004018,"text":"1004018 - 1999 - Weights, hematology and serum chemistry of free-ranging brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) in Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:26:21","indexId":"1004018","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weights, hematology and serum chemistry of free-ranging brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) in Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>Hematologic and serum chemistry values are reported for 105 brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) from Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific. Hematocrit, estimated total plasma solids, total and differential white cell counts, serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine phosphokinase were analyzed. Hematologic and serum chemistry values varied with age and sex. Values were compared with those of red-footed boobies and other tropical and temperate marine pelecaniforms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., 1999, Weights, hematology and serum chemistry of free-ranging brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) in Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 30, no. 1, p. 81-84.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      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,{"id":70021536,"text":"70021536 - 1999 - Dark material in the polar layered deposits and dunes on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T16:53:32","indexId":"70021536","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dark material in the polar layered deposits and dunes on Mars","docAbstract":"<p><span>Viking infrared thermal mapping and bistatic radar data suggest that the bulk density of the north polar erg material is much lower than that of the average Martian surface or of dark dunes at lower latitudes. We have derived a thermal inertia of 245–280 J m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(5.9–6.7×10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;cal cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) for the Proctor dune field and 25–150 J m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.6–3.6×10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>cal cm</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1/2</sup><span>&nbsp;K</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) for the north polar erg. The uniqueness of the thermophysical properties of the north polar erg material may be due to a unique polar process that has created them. The visible and near‐infrared spectral reflectance of the erg suggests that the dark material may be composed of basalt or ferrous clays. These data are consistent with the dark material being composed of basaltic ash or filamentary sublimate residue (FSR) particles derived from erosion of the layered deposits. Dark dust may be preferentially concentrated at the surface of the layered deposits by the formation of FSR particles upon sublimation of water ice. Further weathering and erosion of these areas of exposed layered deposits may form the dark, saltating material that is found in both polar regions. Dark FSR particles may saltate for great distances before eventually breaking down into dust grains, re‐mixing with the global dust reservoir, and being recycled into the polar layered deposits via atmospheric suspension.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/1998JE000589","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Herkenhoff, K.E., and Vasavada, A.R., 1999, Dark material in the polar layered deposits and dunes on Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 104, no. E7, p. 16487-16500, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JE000589.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"16487","endPage":"16500","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998je000589","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"104","issue":"E7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd64e4b0c8380cd4e7f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vasavada, Ashwin R.","contributorId":200409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasavada","given":"Ashwin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1004021,"text":"1004021 - 1999 - Mass stranding of wedge-tailed shearwater chicks in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:27:39","indexId":"1004021","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass stranding of wedge-tailed shearwater chicks in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Unusual numbers of wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) chicks stranded on Oahu (Hawaii, USA) in 1994. Compared to healthy wedge-tailed shearwater (WTSW) chicks, stranded chicks were underweight, dehydrated, leukopenic, lymphopenic, eosinopenic, and heterophilic; some birds were toxemic and septic. Stranded chicks also were hypoglycemic and had elevated aspartate amino transferase levels. Most chicks apparently died from emaciation, dehydration, or bacteremia. Because many birds with bacteremia also had severe necrosis of the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa associated with bacteria, we suspect the GI tract to be the source of disseminated bacterial infection. The identity of the bacteria was not confirmed. The daily number of chicks stranded was significantly related to average wind speeds, and the mortality coincided with the fledging period for WTSW. Strong southeasterly winds were a distinguishing meteorologic factor in 1994 and contributed to the distribution of stranded chicks on Oahu. More objective data on WTSW demographics would enhance future efforts to determine predisposing causes of WTSW wrecks and their effects on seabird colonies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.487","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., and Rameyer, R., 1999, Mass stranding of wedge-tailed shearwater chicks in Hawaii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 35, no. 3, p. 487-495, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.487.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Oahu Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -158.35968017578125,\n              21.612749163947704\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.33221435546875,\n              21.548898027100822\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.31573486328125,\n              21.49779687388452\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.26080322265625,\n              21.389147342439845\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.16879272460938,\n              21.294492569503646\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.13446044921875,\n              21.26506040855853\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9010009765625,\n              21.26250081199257\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.82821655273438,\n              21.233062254412808\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.77877807617188,\n              21.217700673132317\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.686767578125,\n              21.217700673132317\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.62908935546875,\n              21.249702161806933\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.60162353515625,\n              21.311125532962258\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.62771606445312,\n              21.35589722362352\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.68539428710938,\n              21.4952413445602\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.74856567382812,\n              21.499074621712033\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.79937744140625,\n              21.55911609985187\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.85018920898438,\n              21.658704538068267\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.91885375976562,\n              21.733988636412214\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.9779052734375,\n              21.76715217524876\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.016357421875,\n              21.762050590899577\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.0877685546875,\n              21.72250716617912\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.13995361328125,\n              21.662533492414678\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.35968017578125,\n              21.612749163947704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdeab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rameyer, Robert 0000-0002-2145-1746 bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1746","contributorId":150128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rameyer","given":"Robert","email":"bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180393,"text":"70180393 - 1999 - Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in <i>The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180393,"text":"70180393 - 1999 - Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in <i>The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska</i>","indexId":"70180393","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"CC","title":"Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in <i>The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":21986,"text":"ofr9834 - 1999 - The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr9834","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":21986,"text":"ofr9834 - 1999 - The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr9834","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:17:25","indexId":"70180393","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-34","chapter":"CC","title":"Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in <i>The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska</i>","docAbstract":"<p>Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks are potential hydrocarbon reservoir facies for four plays in the 1002 area of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. These rocks include several units in the pre-Carboniferous basement and the Carboniferous Lisburne Group. Data from exploratory wells west of the 1002 area, outcrops south of the 1002 area, seismic lines, and well logs are synthesized herein to infer carbonate lithofacies, extent, and reservoir character beneath the northeastern Arctic coastal plain.</p><p>A chiefly shallow-water basement carbonate succession of Late Proterozoic through Early Devonian age (Katakturuk Dolomite, Nanook Limestone, and Mount Copleston Limestone) is interpreted to be present beneath much of the south-central 1002 area; it reaches 3,700 m thick in outcrop and is the primary reservoir for the Deformed Franklinian Play. A more heterogeneous lithologic assemblage of uncertain age forms basement in the northwestern part of the 1002 area; well data define three subunits that contain carbonate intervals 5- 50 m thick. These strata are prospective reservoirs for the Undeformed Franklinian Play and could also be reservoirs for the Niguanak- Aurora Play. Regional lithologic correlations suggest a Cambrian-Late Proterozoic(?) age for subunits one and two, and a slightly younger, later Cambrian-Silurian age for subunit three. Seismic and well data indicate that subunit one overlies subunit two and is overlain by subunit three. The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group, a predominantly carbonate platform succession as much as 1 km thick, is projected beneath the southernmost part of the 1002 area and is a potential reservoir for the Ellesmerian Thrust-belt and Niguanak-Aurora Plays.</p><p>Carbonate rocks in the 1002 area probably retain little primary porosity but may have locally well developed secondary porosity. Measured reservoir parameters in basement carbonate strata are low (porosity generally ≤ 5%; permeability ≤ 0.2 md) but drill-stem tests found locally reasonable flow rates (4,220-4,800 bpd) and, in the Flaxman Island area, recovered gas and condensate from these rocks. The Lisburne Group has produced up to 50,000 bbl of oil/ day from the Lisburne field at Prudhoe Bay. Reservoir parameters of the Lisburne in northeastern Alaska range from low (porosities ≤ 5% in most limestones) to good (porosities average 6.5-10% in some dolostones). Reservoir quality in Carboniferous and older carbonate strata in the 1002 area should be greatest where these rocks are highly fractured and (or) truncated by the Lower Cretaceous Unconformity.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area, Alaska (Open File Report 98-34)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70180393","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 1999, Carboniferous and older carbonate rocks: Lithofacies, extent, and reservoir quality: Chapter CC in <i>The oil and gas resource potential of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 area, Alaska</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-34, CC-33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180393.","productDescription":"CC-33 p.","startPage":"CC-1","endPage":"CC-33","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/"},{"id":334266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr-98-0034/CC.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"ANWR, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002 Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -142.00927734375,\n              69.84246157021256\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.71514892578125,\n              69.69524461137115\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.91015625,\n              69.60259197307883\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.02276611328125,\n              69.57768853364969\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.909912109375,\n              69.5776885336496\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.909912109375,\n              69.64944636884633\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.613037109375,\n              69.64944636884633\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.613037109375,\n              69.69333832362335\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.2554931640625,\n              69.69333832362335\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.2554931640625,\n              69.72001075967263\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.4422607421875,\n              69.8225761110076\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.4312744140625,\n              69.85854556489717\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.1236572265625,\n              70.02434079930296\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.0247802734375,\n              70.04309814378463\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.865478515625,\n              70.16460963678996\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.04150390625,\n              70.01683312770945\n            ],\n            [\n              -144.580078125,\n              70.02434079930296\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.6737060546875,\n              70.15715255172064\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.9705810546875,\n              70.13849806648298\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.5421142578125,\n              70.01307827710367\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.1246337890625,\n              69.8736722051942\n            ],\n            [\n              -142.00927734375,\n              69.84246157021256\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"Originally published in a 2-CD-ROM set; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c12b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021808,"text":"70021808 - 1999 - A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T13:43:42","indexId":"70021808","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>A five-year dissolved Cd time series from San Francisco Bay and adjacent coastal water shows that the composition of surface water towards the mouth of the estuary is determined largely by the effect of coastal upwelling. Cd concentrations inside and outside the estuary (0.2-1.0 nmol/kg) increase as Cd-rich deep water is advected to the surface near the coast during spring and summer. On average, the mean Cd concentrations inside San Francisco Bay (0.54 nmol/kg) during 1991-1995 was significantly higher than outside (0.35 nmol/kg), however. Surface samples collected throughout San Francisco Bay confirm an internal Cd source unrelated to river discharge. The Cd content of the test of a benthic foraminifer (Elphidiella hannai) in a dated sediment core from San Francisco Bay was measured to determine if the water column Cd enrichments in San Francisco Bay could be related to the rapid development of the watershed. The method is based on the observation that the Cd/Ca ratio of carefully cleaned tests of foraminifera is, determined by the dissolved Cd content of overlying water at the time of test formation. Pre-industrial foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios in the sediment core average 274 ?? 15 nmol/mol (n = 19) nmol/mol. Foraminiferal Cd/Ca ratios increased to 386 ?? 33 nmol/mol (n = 19) over the past several decades indicating a 40% increase in the mean Cd content of surface water in Central San Francisco Bay. We suggest that, in addition to Cd discharges into the estuary, indirect consequences of agricultural development in the Central Valley of California could have contributed to this increase. This new method to reconstruct estuarine contamination is not affected by some of the processes that complicate the interpretation of changes in bulk sediment metal concentrations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00084-X","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Luoma, S., 1999, A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00084-X.","startPage":"57","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487407,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(98)00084-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206371,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00084-X"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53ce4b0c8380cd46c0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022090,"text":"70022090 - 1999 - Improved method for the determination of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon in natural water by silver filter filtration, wet chemical oxidation, and infrared spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T18:40:02.793711","indexId":"70022090","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved method for the determination of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon in natural water by silver filter filtration, wet chemical oxidation, and infrared spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Precision and accuracy are reported for the first time for the analysis of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon by silver membrane filtration followed by wet chemical oxidation. A water sample is pressure filtered through a 0.45‐μm‐pore‐size, 47‐mm‐diameter silver membrane filter. The silver membrane filter then is cut into ribbons and placed in a flame‐sealable glass ampule. The organic material trapped on the membrane filter strips is acidified, purged with oxygen to remove inorganic carbonates and volatile organic compounds, and oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) using phosphoric acid and potassium persulfate in the sealed glass ampule. The resulting CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is measured by a nondispersive infrared CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>detector. The amount of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is proportional to the concentration of chemically oxidizable nonpurgeable organic carbon in the environmental water sample. The quantitation and method detection limit for routine analysis is 0.2 mg/L. The average percent recovery in five representative matrices was 97 ± 11%. The errors associated with sampling and sample preparation of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon are also described.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900052","usgsCitation":"Burkhardt, M.R., Brenton, R.W., Kammer, J.A., Jha, V.K., O’Mara-Lopez, P.G., and Woodworth, M.T., 1999, Improved method for the determination of nonpurgeable suspended organic carbon in natural water by silver filter filtration, wet chemical oxidation, and infrared spectrometry: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 329-334, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900052.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"334","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998wr900052","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a395ee4b0c8380cd618cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenton, Ronald W.","contributorId":124579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenton","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kammer, James A.","contributorId":20759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammer","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jha, Virenda K.","contributorId":124578,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jha","given":"Virenda","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Mara-Lopez, Peggy G.","contributorId":33347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Mara-Lopez","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodworth, Mark T. woodwort@usgs.gov","contributorId":3452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"Mark","email":"woodwort@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022075,"text":"70022075 - 1999 - Effects of ration and temperature on growth of age-0 Atlantic sturgeon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T15:54:35.177024","indexId":"70022075","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2885,"text":"North American Journal of Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of ration and temperature on growth of age-0 Atlantic sturgeon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Our objective was to gain insight into the optimum temperature and ration for growth of age‐0 Atlantic sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Acipenser oxyrinchus</i><span>&nbsp;in culture. We conducted two trials, each for 8 weeks. Trial 1 started with 60‐g fish, trial 2 started with 0.3‐g fish. Water temperatures of 15, 17, and 19°C were used separately in each trial. Rations (dry food: wet weight of fish) for 60‐g fish were 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of biomass per day; for 0.3‐g fish, rations were 3, 5, and 7% of biomass per day. We set up three tank replicates, of equal fish biomass, at each combination of temperature and ration. The highest growth rate in trial 1 (for 60‐g fish) was 0.014/d at 15°C and the 1.5% ration, although this growth rate was not significantly different from the growth rate at 17°C and 1.5% ration or at 17°C and 1.0% ration. The highest growth rate in trial 2 (for 0.3‐g fish) was 0.067/d at 19°C and the 7.0% ration. Instantaneous growth at these conditions was significantly different from all other combinations of temperature and ration. Although these results may not completely define the temperature and ration under which fish could achieve maximum growth rate, they provide a solid starting point for further development of Atlantic sturgeon culture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0051:EORATO>2.0.CO;2","issn":"15222055","usgsCitation":"Kelly, J., and Arnold, D., 1999, Effects of ration and temperature on growth of age-0 Atlantic sturgeon: North American Journal of Aquaculture, v. 61, no. 1, p. 51-57, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0051:EORATO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07a8e4b0c8380cd51780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelly, J.L.","contributorId":61596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, D.E.","contributorId":61375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022074,"text":"70022074 - 1999 - Integrated numerical modeling for basin-wide water management: The case of the Rattlesnake Creek basin in south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70022074","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated numerical modeling for basin-wide water management: The case of the Rattlesnake Creek basin in south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"The objective of this article is to develop and implement a comprehensive computer model that is capable of simulating the surface-water, ground-water, and stream-aquifer interactions on a continuous basis for the Rattlesnake Creek basin in south-central Kansas. The model is to be used as a tool for evaluating long-term water-management strategies. The agriculturally-based watershed model SWAT and the ground-water model MODFLOW with stream-aquifer interaction routines, suitably modified, were linked into a comprehensive basin model known as SWATMOD. The hydrologic response unit concept was implemented to overcome the quasi-lumped nature of SWAT and represent the heterogeneity within each subbasin of the basin model. A graphical user-interface and a decision support system were also developed to evaluate scenarios involving manipulation of water fights and agricultural land uses on stream-aquifer system response. An extensive sensitivity analysis on model parameters was conducted, and model limitations and parameter uncertainties were emphasized. A combination of trial-and-error and inverse modeling techniques were employed to calibrate the model against multiple calibration targets of measured ground-water levels, streamflows, and reported irrigation amounts. The split-sample technique was employed for corroborating the calibrated model. The model was run for a 40 y historical simulation period, and a 40 y prediction period. A number of hypothetical management scenarios involving reductions and variations in withdrawal rates and patterns were simulated. The SWATMOD model was developed as a hydrologically rational low-flow model for analyzing, in a user-friendly manner, the conditions in the basin when there is a shortage of water.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00289-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., Koelliker, J., Govindaraju, R., Birdie, T., Ramireddygari, S., and Perkins, S., 1999, Integrated numerical modeling for basin-wide water management: The case of the Rattlesnake Creek basin in south-central Kansas: Journal of Hydrology, v. 214, no. 1-4, p. 179-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00289-3.","startPage":"179","endPage":"196","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206622,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00289-3"},{"id":230401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"214","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c6ae4b0c8380cd62d04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.A.","contributorId":18032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koelliker, J.K.","contributorId":49940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koelliker","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Govindaraju, R.S.","contributorId":15365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Govindaraju","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Birdie, T.","contributorId":60805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdie","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramireddygari, S.R.","contributorId":63191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramireddygari","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Perkins, S.P.","contributorId":12211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022073,"text":"70022073 - 1999 - Standing crop and sediment production of reef-dwelling foraminifera on O'ahu, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70022073","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standing crop and sediment production of reef-dwelling foraminifera on O'ahu, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"Most of O'ahu's nearshore and beach sands are highly calcareous and of biogenic origin. The pale-colored constituent grains are the eroded remains of carbonate shells and skeletons produced by marine organisms living atop the island's fringing reefs and in the shallow waters near shore. Previous studies have shown that the tests of symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera compose a substantial portion (up to one-fourth) of these organically produced sands. We sampled a variety of reef flat and slope habitats to obtain standing-crop data and production estimates for several sand-producing genera of reef-dwelling foraminifera. We found that modern communities of these shelled protists occur in dense numbers islandwide, reaching densities up to 105 individuals per square meter of suitable substrate in the more productive habitats. Further research on the contribution of foraminifera to beach, nearshore, and offshore sands is planned for O'ahu and neighboring islands to describe their roles in the sediment budget more completely.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Harney, J., Hallock, P., Fletcher, C., and Richmond, B.M., 1999, Standing crop and sediment production of reef-dwelling foraminifera on O'ahu, Hawai'i: Pacific Science, v. 53, no. 1, p. 61-73.","startPage":"61","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96b9e4b08c986b31b696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harney, J.N.","contributorId":77693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harney","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, C.H. III","contributorId":85721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richmond, B. M.","contributorId":67902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022039,"text":"70022039 - 1999 - Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:30:39","indexId":"70022039","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed","docAbstract":"<p><span>Velocity fluctuations in a steep, coarse‐bedded river were measured in flow depths ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 m, with mean velocities at middepth from 1.1 to 3.1 m s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Analyses of synchronous velocity records for two and three points in the vertical showed a broad range of high coherence for wave periods from 10 to 100 s, centering around 10–30 s. Streamwise correlations over distances of 9 and 14 m showed convection velocities near mean velocity for the same wave periods. The range of coherent wave periods was a small multiple of predicted “boil” periods. Correlative fluctuations in synchronous velocity records in the vertical direction suggested the blending of short pulses into longer wave periods. The highest spectral densities were measured beyond the range of coherent wave periods and were probably induced by migration of low‐relief bed forms.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900038","usgsCitation":"Dinehart, R.L., 1999, Correlative velocity fluctuations over a gravel river bed: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 569-582, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900038.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"582","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc52e4b0c8380cd4e214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinehart, Randal L.","contributorId":21151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinehart","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}