{"pageNumber":"3397","pageRowStart":"84900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021419,"text":"70021419 - 1999 - Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: Recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021419","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: Recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Exotic zebra mussels can alter lower trophic level dynamics in lakes that they colonize by consuming large quantities of phytoplankton. We simulated the indirect effects of zebra mussel grazing on Daphnia by artificially reducing phytoplankton concentration for in situ Daphnia reproduction experiments. The response of Daphnia reproduction to reduced phytoplankton was evaluated for both the in situ experiments and field observations in Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A. Oneida Lake has had an abundant population of zebra mussels since 1992. Our experiments revealed that fecundity of individuals from two species of Daphnia was positively related to phytoplankton concentration during the spring clearwater phase, although there was no discernible effect of food concentration on fecundity in summer cyanobacteria-dominated assemblages. The experimental results suggest that Daphnia fecundity responds to chlorophyll a concentrations < 2 ??g l-1. The years since zebra mussels became abundant in Oneida Lake have been characterized by high water clarity, low chlorophyll concentrations, long clearwater phases, and low Daphnia biomass compared with the previous 17 years. The food web effects of zebra mussel grazing are complex and it will take more years for impacts at higher trophic levels to develop and be identified.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1003877013112","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Horgan, M., and Mills, E., 1999, Zebra mussel filter feeding and food-limited production of Daphnia: Recent changes in lower trophic level dynamics of Oneida Lake, New York, U.S.A.: Hydrobiologia, v. 411, p. 79-88, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003877013112.","startPage":"79","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206554,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003877013112"}],"volume":"411","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd259e4b08c986b32f779","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horgan, M.J.","contributorId":68060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horgan","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mills, E.L.","contributorId":73525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021666,"text":"70021666 - 1999 - Cambrian-Ordovician boundary strata in the central Midcontinent of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021666","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cambrian-Ordovician boundary strata in the central Midcontinent of North America","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkTitle":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica","language":"English","issn":"00017132","usgsCitation":"Runkel, A.C., Miller, J., McKay, R., Shaw, T., and Basset, D., 1999, Cambrian-Ordovician boundary strata in the central Midcontinent of North America, <i>in</i> Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, v. 43, no. 1-2, p. 17-20.","startPage":"17","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f32de4b0c8380cd4b63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Anthony C.","contributorId":63186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, J.F.","contributorId":29830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKay, R.M.","contributorId":91238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaw, T.H.","contributorId":79263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Basset, D.J.","contributorId":76485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Basset","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021633,"text":"70021633 - 1999 - Structural styles of Paleozoic intracratonic fault reactivation: A case study of the Grays Point fault zone in southeastern Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021633","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural styles of Paleozoic intracratonic fault reactivation: A case study of the Grays Point fault zone in southeastern Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"A pronounced, subparallel set of northeast-striking faults occurs in southeastern Missouri, but little is known about these faults because of poor exposure. The Commerce fault system is the southernmost exposed fault system in this set and has an ancestry related to Reelfoot rift extension. Recent published work indicates that this fault system has a long history of reactivation. The northeast-striking Grays Point fault zone is a segment of the Commerce fault system and is well exposed along the southeast rim of an inactive quarry. Our mapping shows that the Grays Point fault zone also has a complex history of polyphase reactivation, involving three periods of Paleozoic reactivation that occurred in Late Ordovician, Devonian, and post-Mississippian. Each period is characterized by divergent, right-lateral oblique-slip faulting. Petrographic examination of sidwall rip-out clasts in calcite-filled faults associated with the Grays Point fault zone supports a minimum of three periods of right-lateral oblique-slip. The reported observations imply that a genetic link exists between intracratonic fault reactivation and strain produced by Paleozoic orogenies affecting the eastern margin of Laurentia (North America). Interpretation of this link indicate that right-lateral oblique-slip has occurred on all of the northeast-striking faults in southeastern Missouri as a result of strain influenced by the convergence directions of the different Paleozoic orogenies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00007-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Clendenin, C., and Diehl, S.F., 1999, Structural styles of Paleozoic intracratonic fault reactivation: A case study of the Grays Point fault zone in southeastern Missouri, USA: Tectonophysics, v. 305, no. 1-3, p. 235-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00007-4.","startPage":"235","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206395,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00007-4"},{"id":229623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"305","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c07e4b08c986b31d22e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clendenin, C.W.","contributorId":48723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clendenin","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diehl, S. F.","contributorId":84780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021632,"text":"70021632 - 1999 - Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:40:00","indexId":"70021632","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption","docAbstract":"<p><span>A model for trace metals that considers in-stream transport, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption is presented. Linkage between a surface complexation submodel and the stream transport equations provides a framework for modeling sorption onto static and/or dynamic surfaces. A static surface (e.g., an iron- oxide-coated streambed) is defined as a surface with a temporally constant solid concentration. Limited contact between solutes in the water column and the static surface is considered using a pseudokinetic approach. A dynamic surface (e.g., freshly precipitated metal oxides) has a temporally variable solid concentration and is in equilibrium with the water column. Transport and deposition of solute mass sorbed to the dynamic surface is represented in the stream transport equations that include precipitate settling. The model is applied to a pH-modification experiment in an acid mine drainage stream. Dissolved copper concentrations were depressed for a 3 hour period in response to the experimentally elevated pH. After passage of the pH front, copper was desorbed, and dissolved concentrations returned to ambient levels. Copper sorption is modeled by considering sorption to aged hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) on the streambed (static surface) and freshly precipitated HFO in the water column (dynamic surface). Comparison of parameter estimates with reported values suggests that naturally formed iron oxides may be more effective in removing trace metals than synthetic oxides used in laboratory studies. The model's ability to simulate pH, metal oxide precipitation-dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption provides a means of evaluating the complex interactions between trace metal chemistry and hydrologic transport at the field scale.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900259","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Kimball, B.A., McKnight, D.M., and Bencala, K.E., 1999, Reactive solute transport in streams: A surface complexation approach for trace metal sorption: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 12, p. 3829-3840, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900259.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3829","endPage":"3840","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9589e4b0c8380cd81a9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimball, Briant A. bkimball@usgs.gov","contributorId":533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimball","given":"Briant","email":"bkimball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":390548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021512,"text":"70021512 - 1999 - The absence of lithium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: New measurements by multicollector sector ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T12:19:42.629411","indexId":"70021512","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The absence of lithium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: New measurements by multicollector sector ICP-MS","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report measurements of the isotopic composition of lithium in basalts using a multicollector magnetic sector plasma-source mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). This is the first application of this analytical technique to Li isotope determination. External precision of multiple replicate and duplicate measurements for a variety of sample types averages ±1.1‰ (2σ population). The method allows for the rapid (∼8 min/sample) analysis of small samples (∼40 ng Li) relative to commonly used thermal ionization methods. The technique has been applied to a suite of samples from Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii. The samples range from olivine-rich cumulitic lava to SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>− and K</span><sub>2</sub><span>O-enriched differentiated liquids, and have δ</span><sup>7</sup><span>Li (per mil deviation of sample&nbsp;</span><sup>7</sup><span>Li/</span><sup>6</sup><span>Li relative to the L-SVEC standard) of +3.0 to +4.8. The data indicate a lack of per mil-level Li isotope fractionation as a result of crystal–liquid fractionation at temperatures greater than 1050°C. This conclusion has been tacitly assumed but never demonstrated, and is important to the interpretation of Li isotope results from such geochemically complex environments as island arcs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00318-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Tomascak, P., Tera, F., Helz, R., and Walker, R., 1999, The absence of lithium isotope fractionation during basalt differentiation: New measurements by multicollector sector ICP-MS: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 6, p. 907-910, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00318-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"907","endPage":"910","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479574,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(98)00318-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.29544173163924,\n              19.413134503303723\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.30239350719927,\n              19.403727017732834\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29257034608182,\n              19.39659977248175\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.29030346274698,\n              19.39189561960241\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.28380506385398,\n              19.389757323349656\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27896904607306,\n              19.389757323349656\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.27337740051394,\n              19.393748786967393\n            ],\n            [\n            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0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021682,"text":"70021682 - 1999 - Diversifying natural resources value measurements: The Trinity River study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:04:10.565546","indexId":"70021682","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3405,"text":"Society and Natural Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diversifying natural resources value measurements: The Trinity River study","docAbstract":"<p><span>An interdisciplinary team set out to establish the economic and social values of the Trinity River in northern California . This information was intended to support the Secretary of the Interior's decision on allocation of Trinity River flows . This team set out to measure the values of Trinity River flows , fishery resources , and rec reation amenities in several different ways . A survey was mailed to users of the Trinity River . This single instrument included economic measures ( willingness - to pay and costs incurred in visiting ) and social - psychological measures ( importance , satisfaction , and water allocation preferences ). A closely related survey measured several of these same values among west coast regional households . The results of these surveys were compiled , and the measured economic and social values were compared . We found that integrating economic and social value information pro vides a greater depth of understanding of the resource's value . In addition , this integration provides a more in - depth understanding through the quantitative and qualitative results that emerge.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/089419299279623","issn":"08941920","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., and Douglas, A.J., 1999, Diversifying natural resources value measurements: The Trinity River study: Society and Natural Resources, v. 12, no. 4, p. 315-336, https://doi.org/10.1080/089419299279623.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229147,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034de4b0c8380cd50401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, A. J.","contributorId":11172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021730,"text":"70021730 - 1999 - The thin hot plume beneath Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021730","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The thin hot plume beneath Iceland","docAbstract":"We present the results of a seismological investigation of the frequency-dependent amplitude variations across Iceland using data from the HOTSPOT array currently deployed there. The array is composed of 30 broad-band PASSCAL instruments. We use the parameter t(*), defined in the usual manner from spectral ratios (Halderman and Davis 1991), to compare observed S-wave amplitude variations with those predicted due to both anelastic attenuation and diffraction effects. Four teleseismic events at a range of azimuths are used to measure t(*). A 2-D vertical cylindrical plume model with a Gaussian-shaped velocity anomaly is used to model the variations. That part of t(*) caused by attenuation was estimated by tracing a ray through IASP91, then superimposing our plume model velocity anomaly and calculating the path integral of 1/vQ. That part of t(*) caused by diffraction was estimated using a 2-D finite difference code to generate synthetic seismograms. The same spectral ratio technique used for the data was then used to extract a predicted t(*). The t(*) variations caused by anelastic attenuation are unable to account for the variations we observe, but those caused by diffraction do. We calculate the t(*) variations caused by diffraction for different plume models and obtain our best-fit plume, which exhibits good agreement between the observed and measured t(*). The best-fit plume model has a maximum S-velocity anomaly of - 12 per cent and falls to 1/e of its maximum at 100 km from the plume centre. This is narrower than previous estimates from seismic tomography, which are broadened and damped by the methods of tomography. This velocity model would suggest greater ray theoretical traveltime delays than observed. However, we find that for such a plume, wave-front healing effects at frequencies of 0.03-0.175 Hz (the frequency range used to pick S-wave arrivals) causes a 40 per cent reduction in traveltime delay, reducing the ray theoretical delay to that observed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00753.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Vogfjord, K., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Foulger, G., Jakobsdottir, S., Julian, B., Pritchard, M., Ragnarsson, S., and Stefansson, R., 1999, The thin hot plume beneath Iceland: Geophysical Journal International, v. 137, no. 1, p. 51-63, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00753.x.","startPage":"51","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487409,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00753.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206331,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00753.x"},{"id":229441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0fae4b08c986b325185","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, R. M.","contributorId":36170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nolet, G.","contributorId":26448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolet","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, W. J.","contributorId":10573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogfjord, K.","contributorId":13768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogfjord","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bergsson, B. H.","contributorId":19320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergsson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Erlendsson, P.","contributorId":95638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erlendsson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jakobsdottir, S.","contributorId":64828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakobsdottir","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pritchard, M.","contributorId":11358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ragnarsson, S.","contributorId":12644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragnarsson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stefansson, R.","contributorId":81650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stefansson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70021310,"text":"70021310 - 1999 - Observations on preferential flow and horizontal transport of nitrogen fertilizer in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-28T11:28:19.055613","indexId":"70021310","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on preferential flow and horizontal transport of nitrogen fertilizer in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A study site underlain by a claypan soil was instrumented to examine the transport of fertilizer nitrogen (N) under corn (<i>Zea mays</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.) cultivation. The study was designed to examine N transport within the unsaturated zone and in intedlow (the saturated flow of water on top of the claypan). A<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N-labeled fertilizer (labeled N), bromide (Br), and chloride (Cl) were used as field tracers. Rapid or prolonged infiltration events allowed water and dissolved solutes to perch on the claypan for brief periods. However, a well-developed network of preferential flow paths quickly diverted water and solutes through the claypan and into the underlying glacial till aquifer. Excess fertilizer N in the unsaturated zone supplied a continuous, but declining input of N to ground water for a period of 15 mo after a single fertilizer application. Calculated solute velocities through the claypan matrix (6.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s<sup>−1</sup>) were similar to horizontal transport rates along the claypan (3.5 to 7.3 × 10<sup>−6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s<sup>−1</sup>) but much slower than infiltration rates determined for preferential flow paths (1.67 × 10<sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cm s<sup>−1</sup>). These flow paths accounted for 35% of the transport. A seasonally variable, dual mode of transport (matrix and preferential flow) prevented the daypan from being an effective barrier to vertical transport. Simulations of selected field observations, conducted using the variably saturated two-dimensional flow and transport model, VS2DT, confirmed the presence of a dual flow regime in the claypan.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050022x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D., and Blevins, D.W., 1999, Observations on preferential flow and horizontal transport of nitrogen fertilizer in the unsaturated zone: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 5, p. 1568-1580, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800050022x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1568","endPage":"1580","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ad1e4b0c8380cd74395","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, D.H.","contributorId":39800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blevins, D. W.","contributorId":75940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blevins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021513,"text":"70021513 - 1999 - A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T23:01:28.333967","indexId":"70021513","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Snowmelt is the principal source for soil moisture, ground-water re-charge, and stream-flow in mountainous regions of the western US, Canada, and other similar regions of the world. Information on the timing, magnitude, and contributing area of melt under variable or changing climate conditions is required for successful water and resource management. A coupled energy and mass-balance model ISNOBAL is used to simulate the development and melting of the seasonal snowcover in several mountain basins in California, Idaho, and Utah. Simulations are done over basins varying from 1 to 2500 km<sup>2</sup>, with simulation periods varying from a few days for the smallest basin, Emerald Lake watershed in California, to multiple snow seasons for the Park City area in Utah. The model is driven by topographically corrected estimates of radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, and precipitation. Simulation results in all basins closely match independently measured snow water equivalent, snow depth, or runoff during both the development and depletion of the snowcover. Spatially distributed estimates of snow deposition and melt allow us to better understand the interaction between topographic structure, climate, and moisture availability in mountain basins of the western US. Application of topographically distributed models such as this will lead to improved water resource and watershed management. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1935::AID-HYP868>3.0.CO;2-C","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Marks, D., Domingo, J., Susong, D., Link, T., and Garen, D., 1999, A spatially distributed energy balance snowmelt model for application in mountain basins: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 12-13, p. 1935-1959, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1935::AID-HYP868>3.0.CO;2-C.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1935","endPage":"1959","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a2e4b0c8380cd46eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marks, D.","contributorId":93217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domingo, J.","contributorId":77316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingo","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, D.","contributorId":30777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Link, T.","contributorId":47933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garen, D.","contributorId":28395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garen","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021408,"text":"70021408 - 1999 - Composition and origin of Early Cambrian Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores, Shaanxi Province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70021408","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition and origin of Early Cambrian Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores, Shaanxi Province, China","docAbstract":"The Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores occur in the Early Cambrian Tananpo Formation in complexly folded and faulted rocks located in southern Shaanxi Province. About 65 x 106 tonnes of 17% P2O5 ore reserves exist and Mn-ore reserves are about 8.3 x 106 tonnes of +18% Mn. The stratigraphic sequence in ascending order consists of black phyllite, black to gray phosphorite ore, black phyllite, rhodochrostone ore, Mn mixed-carbonates, and dolostone. Data are presented from microprobe mineral chemistry, whole-rock chemistry, stable isotopes of carbonates, X-ray mineralogy, petrographic and SEM observations, and statistical analysis of chemical data. The dominant ore-forming minerals are hydroxy- and carbonate fluorapatite and Ca rhodochrosite, with Mg kutnahorite and dolomite comprising the Mn mixed-carbonate section. Pyrite occurs in all rock types and alabandite (MnS) occurs throughout the rhodochrostone section. The mean P2O5 content of phosphorite is 31% and argillaceous phosphorite is 16%, while the mean MnO content of rhodochrostone ore is 37%. Phosphorite ores are massive, spheroidal, laminated, and banded, while rhodochrostone ores have oolitic, spheroidal, and granular fabrics. The most distinguishing characteristics of the ores are high total organic carbon (TOC) contents (mean 8.4%) in the phosphorite and high P2O5 contents (mean 2.7%) in the rhodochrostone ore. The atypically high TOC contents in the Tiantaishan phosphorite probably result from very strong productivity leading to high sedimentation rates accompanied by weak reworking of sediments; poor utilization of the organic matter by bacteria; and/or partial replacement of bacterial or algal mats by the apatite. The depositional setting of the ores was the margin of an epicontinental seaway created as a direct consequence of global processes that included break-up of a supercontinent, formation of narrow seaways, creation of extensive continental shelves, overturn of stagnant, metal-rich deep-ocean waters, and marine transgression. Water depth increased from deposition of the black phyllite sequence through deposition of the Mn mixed-carbonate sequence, then shallowed again during deposition of the overlying dolostone sequence. Bottom waters were mostly dysoxic to suboxic, but fluctuated from oxic to anoxic. Productivity was high during deposition of the black phyllite sequence, increased during precipitation of phosphorite, and then decreased to moderate levels during precipitation of rhodochrostone ores. Biosilica contributions occur in each lithology, but are greatest in rhodochrostone. Changes in sedimentation were determined by changes in water depth, productivity, upwelling, sea-level change, and ventilation of the depositional basin. The source of the phosphorus was organic matter produced in great quantities during deposition of the black phyllite and phosphorite sequences in a zone of coastal upwelling. Organic matter accumulation was rapid. Globally, Mn was supplied by overturn of stagnant, metal-rich deep-ocean waters, which were redistributed to areas of coastal upwelling and seaways; that process may have been initiated by latest Proterozoic glaciations which would have promoted density stratification and accumulation and storage of metals. Regionally, Mn was supplied by terrigenous input into the shallow seaway and hydrothermal input into the deeper water parts of that seaway. Locally, Mn sources included leaching and transport of metals from the sediment column. Manganese was stored locally in low-oxygen (not anoxic) seawater prior to Mn-ore formation. The source of the carbon in the Mn carbonates and dolostones was predominantly seawater bicarbonate and secondarily CO2 derived from the oxidation of organic matter in the bacterially mediated diagenetic zone of sulfate reduction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00017-7","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Hein, J., Fan, D., Ye, J., Liu, T., and Yeh, H., 1999, Composition and origin of Early Cambrian Tiantaishan phosphorite-Mn carbonate ores, Shaanxi Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, no. 1-3, p. 95-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00017-7.","startPage":"95","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00017-7"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f91ee4b0c8380cd4d43f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fan, D.","contributorId":88517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ye, J.","contributorId":79265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Liu, T.","contributorId":53114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yeh, H.-W.","contributorId":52354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeh","given":"H.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021574,"text":"70021574 - 1999 - Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. I: The local production-loss balance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T09:11:44","indexId":"70021574","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. I: The local production-loss balance","docAbstract":"<p>The formation and spatial distribution of phytoplankton blooms in estuaries are controlled by (1) local mechanisms, which determine the production-loss balance for a water column at a particular spatial location (i.e. control if a bloom is possible), and (2) transport-related mechanisms, which govern biomass distribution (i.e. control if and where a bloom actually occurs). In this study, the first of a 2-paper series, we use a depth-averaged numerical model as a theoretical tool to describe how interacting local conditions (water column height, light availability, benthic grazing) influence the local balance between phytoplankton sources and sinks. We also explore trends in the spatial variability of the production-loss balance across the topographic gradients between deep channels and lateral shoals which are characteristic of shallow estuaries. For example, under conditions of high turbidity and slow benthic grazing the highest rates of phytoplankton population growth are found in the shallowest regions. On the other hand, with low turbidity and rapid benthic grazing the highest growth rates occur in the deeper areas. We also explore the effects of semidiurnal tidal variation in water column height, as well as spring-neap variability. Local population growth in the shallowest regions is very sensitive to tidal-scale shallowing and deepening of the water column, especially in the presence of benthic grazing. A spring-neap signal in population growth rate is also prominent in the shallow areas. Population growth in deeper regions is less sensitive to temporal variations in tidal elevation. These results show that both shallow and deep regions of estuaries can act as sources or sinks for phytoplankton biomass, depending on the local conditions of mean water column height, tidal amplitude, light-limited growth rate, and consumption by grazers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps187001","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Koseff, J.R., Cloern, J., Monismith, S., and Thompson, J., 1999, Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. I: The local production-loss balance: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 187, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":266010,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps187001"},{"id":229286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8db1e4b0c8380cd7ed90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021683,"text":"70021683 - 1999 - Estimating lake-atmosphere CO2 exchange","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T07:39:12","indexId":"70021683","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating lake-atmosphere CO2 exchange","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Lake‐atmosphere CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>flux was directly measured above a small, woodland lake using the eddy covariance technique and compared with fluxes deduced from changes in measured lake‐water CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>storage and with flux predictions from boundary‐layer and surface‐renewal models. Over a 3‐yr period, lake‐atmosphere exchanges of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>were measured over 5 weeks in spring, summer, and fall. Observed springtime CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>efflux was large (2.3–2.7 umol m<sup>‐2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>‐1</sup>) immediately after lake‐thaw. That efflux decreased exponentially with time to less than 0.2 umol m<sup>‐2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>within 2 weeks. Substantial interannual variability was found in the magnitudes of springtime efflux, surface water CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations, lake CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>storage, and meteorological conditions. Summertime measurements show a weak diurnal trend with a small average downward flux (−0.17 μmol m<sup>‐2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>1</sup>) to the lake's surface, while late fall flux was trendless and smaller (−0.0021 μmol m<sup>‐2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>). Large springtime efflux afforded an opportunity to make direct measurement of lake‐atmosphere fluxes well above the detection limits of eddy covariance instruments, facilitating the testing of different gas flux methodologies and air‐water gas‐transfer models. Although there was an overall agreement in fluxes determined by eddy covariance and those calculated from lake‐water storage change in CO<sub>2</sub>, agreement was inconsistent between eddy covariance flux measurements and fluxes predicted by boundary‐layer and surface‐renewal models. Comparison of measured and modeled transfer velocities for CO<sub>2</sub>, along with measured and modeled cumulative CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>flux, indicates that in most instances the surface‐renewal model underpredicts actual flux. Greater underestimates were found with comparisons involving homogeneous boundary‐layer models. No physical mechanism responsible for the inconsistencies was identified by analyzing coincidentally measured environmental variables.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.1999.44.4.0988","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Striegl, R.G., Stannard, D., Michmerhuizen, C., McConnaughey, T., and LaBaugh, J.W., 1999, Estimating lake-atmosphere CO2 exchange: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 4, p. 988-1001, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.4.0988.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"988","endPage":"1001","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.4.0988","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b24e4b0c8380cd525c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, D.E.","contributorId":47320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":390703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stannard, D.I.","contributorId":100884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michmerhuizen, C.M.","contributorId":6205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michmerhuizen","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McConnaughey, T.A.","contributorId":105444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnaughey","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021684,"text":"70021684 - 1999 - No spreading across the southern Juan de Fuca ridge axial cleft during 1994-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T23:54:59.331982","indexId":"70021684","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No spreading across the southern Juan de Fuca ridge axial cleft during 1994-1996","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Direct-path acoustic measurements between seafloor transponders observed no significant extension (−10±14 mm/yr) from August 1994 to September 1996 at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge (44°40′ N and 130°20′ W). The acoustic path for the measurement is a 691-m baseline straddling the axial cleft, which bounds the Pacific and Juan de Fuca plates. Given an expected full-spreading rate of 56 mm/yr, these data suggest that extension across this plate boundary occurs episodically within the narrow (∼ 1 km) region of the axial valley floor, and that active deformation is occurring between the axial cleft and the plate interior. A cleft-parallel 714-m baseline located 300 m to the west of the cleft on the Pacific plate monitored system performance and, as expected, observed no motion (+5±7 mm/yr) between the 1994 and 1996 surveys.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999GL900570","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Chadwell, C., Hildebrand, J.A., Spiess, F.N., Morton, J.L., Normark, W.R., and Reiss, C., 1999, No spreading across the southern Juan de Fuca ridge axial cleft during 1994-1996: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 16, p. 2525-2528, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900570.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2525","endPage":"2528","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6712e4b0c8380cd73169","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwell, C.D.","contributorId":83687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadwell","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildebrand, J. A.","contributorId":93526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildebrand","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiess, Fred N.","contributorId":16059,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spiess","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":390706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morton, J. L.","contributorId":56196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reiss, C.A.","contributorId":37764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiss","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021685,"text":"70021685 - 1999 - Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021685","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3041,"text":"Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]","docAbstract":"The Holocene sediment sequence of a core taken within the centre of the Eastern Gotland Basin was subdivided into 12 lithostratigraphic units based on MSCL-data (sound velocity, wet bulk density, magnetic susceptibility) using a multivariate classification method. The lower 6 units embrace the sediments until the Litorina transgression, and the upper 6 units subdivide the brackish-marine Litorina- and post-Litorina sediments. The upper lithostratigraphic units reflect a change of anoxic (laminated) and oxic (non-laminated) sediments. By application of a numerical stratigraphic correlation method the zonation was extended laterally onto contiguous sediment cores within the central basin. Consequently the change of anoxic and oxic sediments can be used for a general lithostratigraphic subdivision of sediments of the Gotland Basin. A quantitative criterion based on the sediment-physical lithofacies is added to existing subdivisions of the Holocene in the Baltic Sea.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"German","issn":"00316229","usgsCitation":"Harff, J., Bohling, G.C., Endler, R., Davis, J., and Olea, R., 1999, Subdivision of Holocene Baltic sea sediments by their physical properties [Gliederung holozaner ostseesedimente nach physikalischen Eigenschaften]: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, v. 143, no. PILOTHEFT 2000, p. 50-55.","startPage":"50","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"PILOTHEFT 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d0be4b08c986b31d5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harff, Jan","contributorId":63957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harff","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Endler, R.","contributorId":24232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":390713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021564,"text":"70021564 - 1999 - Variability in bacterial community structure during upwelling in the coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70021564","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variability in bacterial community structure during upwelling in the coastal ocean","docAbstract":"Over the last 30 years, investigations at the community level of marine bacteria and phytoplankton populations suggest they are tightly coupled. However, traditional oceanographic approaches cannot assess whether associations between specific bacteria and phytoplankton exist. Recently, molecular based approaches have been implemented to characterize specific members of different marine bacterial communities. Yet, few molecular-based studies have examined coastal upwelling situations. This is important since upwelling systems provide a unique opportunity for analyzing the association between specific bacteria and specific phytoplankton in the ocean. It is widely believed that upwelling can lead to changes in phytoplankton populations (blooms). Thus, if specific associations exist, we would expect to observe changes in the bacterial population triggered by the bloom. In this paper, we present preliminary data from coastal waters off New Jersey that confirm a shift in bacterial communities during a 1995 upwelling event recorded at a long-term earth observatory (LEO-15) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Using PCR amplification and cloning, specific bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences were found which were present in upwelling samples during a phytoplankton bloom, but were not detected in non-bloom samples (surface seawater, offshore sites or sediment samples) collected at the same time or in the same area. These findings are consistent with the notion of specific associations between bacteria and phytoplankton in the ocean. However, further examination of episodic events, such as coastal upwelling, are needed to confirm the existence of specific associations. Additionally, experiments need to be performed to elucidate the mechanisms leading to the specific linkages between a group of bacteria and a group of phytoplankton.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1003734310515","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Kerkhof, L., Voytek, M., Sherrell, R.M., Millie, D., and Schofield, O., 1999, Variability in bacterial community structure during upwelling in the coastal ocean: Hydrobiologia, v. 401, p. 139-148, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003734310515.","startPage":"139","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206218,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003734310515"},{"id":229139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc128e4b08c986b32a477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerkhof, L.J.","contributorId":77314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerkhof","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrell, Robert M.","contributorId":84101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherrell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Millie, D.","contributorId":41170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millie","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schofield, O.","contributorId":16182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021726,"text":"70021726 - 1999 - Wave-propagation formulation of seismic response of multistory buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:40:24.789808","indexId":"70021726","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-propagation formulation of seismic response of multistory buildings","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents a discrete-time wave-propagation method to calculate the seismic response of multistory buildings, founded on layered soil media and subjected to vertically propagating shear waves. Buildings are modeled as an extension of the layered soil media by considering each story as another layer in the wave-propagation path. The seismic response is expressed in terms of wave travel times between the layers and wave reflection and transmission coefficients at layer interfaces. The method accounts for the filtering effects of the concentrated foundation and floor masses. Compared with commonly used vibration formulation, the wave-propagation formulation provides several advantages, including simplicity, improved accuracy, better representation of damping, the ability to incorporate the soil layers under the foundation, and providing better tools for identification and damage detection from seismic records. Examples are presented to show the versatility and the superiority of the method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(426)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1999, Wave-propagation formulation of seismic response of multistory buildings: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 125, no. 4, p. 426-437, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(426).","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"426","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf9be4b08c986b32e9d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021629,"text":"70021629 - 1999 - Utility of EXAFS in characterization and speciation of mercury-bearing mine wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:55:11.011611","indexId":"70021629","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2473,"text":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of EXAFS in characterization and speciation of mercury-bearing mine wastes","docAbstract":"Extensive mining of large mercury deposits located in the California Coast Range has resulted in mercury contamination of both the local environment and water supplies. The solubility, dispersal, and ultimate fate of mercury are all affected by its chemical speciation, which can be most readily determined in a direct fashion using EXAFS spectroscopy. EXAFS spectra of mine wastes collected from several mercury mines in the California Coast Range with mercury concentrations ranging from 230 to 1060 mg/kg (ppm) have been analyzed using a spectral database of mercury minerals and sorbed mercury complexes. While some calcines have been found to consist almost exclusively of mercuric sulfide, HgS, others contain additional, more soluble mercury phases, indicating a greater potential for the release of mercury into solution. This experimental approach can provide a quantitative measurement of the mercury compounds present and may serve as an indicator of the bioavailability and toxicity levels of mercury mine wastes.","language":"English","publisher":"Scripts","doi":"10.1107/S0909049598016197","issn":"09090495","usgsCitation":"Kim, C., Rytuba, J.J., and Brown, G.E., 1999, Utility of EXAFS in characterization and speciation of mercury-bearing mine wastes: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 648-650, https://doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598016197.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"650","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479557,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0909049598016197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0cbe4b08c986b32a309","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, C.S.","contributorId":54365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Gordon E. Jr.","contributorId":10166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Gordon","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021724,"text":"70021724 - 1999 - Comparison of TOMS and AVHRR volcanic ash retrievals from the August 1992 eruption of Mt. Spurr","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T10:23:52","indexId":"70021724","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of TOMS and AVHRR volcanic ash retrievals from the August 1992 eruption of Mt. Spurr","docAbstract":"On August 19, 1992, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard NOAA-12 and NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) onboard the Nimbus-7 satellite simultaneously detected and mapped the ash cloud from the eruption of Mt. Spurr, Alaska. The spatial extent and geometry of the cloud derived from the two datasets are in good agreement and both AVHRR split window IR (11-12??m brightness temperature difference) and the TOMS UV Aerosol Index (0.34-0.38??m ultraviolet backscattering and absorption) methods give the same range of total cloud ash mass. Redundant methods for determination of ash masses in drifting volcanic clouds offer many advantages for potential application to the mitigation of aircraft hazards.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/1998GL900278","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Krotkov, N., Torres, O., Seftor, C., Krueger, A., Kostinski, A., Rose, W.I., Bluth, G., Schneider, D., and Schaefer, S., 1999, Comparison of TOMS and AVHRR volcanic ash retrievals from the August 1992 eruption of Mt. Spurr: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 4, p. 455-458, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GL900278.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"455","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f847e4b0c8380cd4cfb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krotkov, N.A.","contributorId":103148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krotkov","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torres, O.","contributorId":106379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torres","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seftor, C.","contributorId":103532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seftor","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krueger, A.J.","contributorId":73764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kostinski, A.","contributorId":36017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kostinski","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bluth, G.J.S.","contributorId":79258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bluth","given":"G.J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schneider, D.","contributorId":52752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schaefer, S.J.","contributorId":28486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021649,"text":"70021649 - 1999 - Behavioral correlates of heart rates of free-living Greater White-fronted Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T00:09:44.320245","indexId":"70021649","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral correlates of heart rates of free-living Greater White-fronted Geese","docAbstract":"We simultaneously monitored the heart rate and behavior of nine free-living Greater White-fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) on their wintering grounds in northern California. Heart rates of wild geese were monitored via abdominally-implanted radio transmitters with electrodes that received electrical impulses of the heart and emitted a radio signal with each ventricular contraction. Post-operative birds appeared to behave normally, readily rejoining flocks and flying up to 15 km daily from night-time roost sites to feed in surrounding agricultural fields. Heart rates varied significantly among individuals and among behaviors, and ranged from less than 100 beats per minute (BPM) during resting, to over 400 BPM during flight. Heart rates varied from 80 to 140 BPM during non-strenuous activities such as walking, feeding, and maintenance activities, to about 180 BPM when birds became alert, and over 400 BPM when birds were startled, even if they did not take flight. Postflight heart rate recovery time averaged < 10 sec. During agonistic encounters, heart rate exceeded 400 BPM; heart rates during social interactions were not predictable solely from postures, as heart rates were context-dependent, and were highest in initial encounters among individuals. Instantaneous measures of physiological parameters, such as heart rate, are often better indicators of the degree of response to external stimuli than visual observations and can be used to improve estimates of energy expenditure based solely on activity data.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370002","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Ely, C.R., Ward, D.H., and Bollinger, K.S., 1999, Behavioral correlates of heart rates of free-living Greater White-fronted Geese: Condor, v. 101, no. 2, p. 390-395, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370002.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"390","endPage":"395","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0a5e4b0c8380cd4a821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bollinger, Karen S.","contributorId":33842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bollinger","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021514,"text":"70021514 - 1999 - Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide for treating saprolegniasis in channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T00:50:49.437293","indexId":"70021514","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide for treating saprolegniasis in channel catfish","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id6\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id7\"><p>The efficacy of hydrogen peroxide to control mortality associated with saprolegniasis in channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) eggs was evaluated at the Lost Valley State Fish Hatchery (Warsaw, MO). Two efficacy trials were conducted. In Trial 1, channel catfish eggs in their natural gelatinous matrix were treated with hydrogen peroxide at 0, 500, and 750 mg l<sup>−1</sup>. Channel catfish eggs in Trial 2 had the gelatinous matrix removed before treatment with hydrogen peroxide at 0 and 500 mg l<sup>−1</sup>. Each treatment regimen was tested in triplicate and each egg jar contained ∼17,400 eggs. Hydrogen peroxide was administered as a 15-min flow-through treatment applied once daily for a total of six applications. Control jars were similarly treated with culture water. Samples of exposure water were collected during each treatment and analyzed to verify actual treatment concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide treatment efficacy was assessed by comparing the percent egg hatch in the treatment group to the untreated control group in each trial. Mean percent hatch in Trial 1 was 44% (control), 54% (500 mg l<sup>−1</sup>), and 69% (750 mg l<sup>−1</sup>). Hydrogen peroxide treatment at either 500 or 750 mg l<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01) increased the percent hatch compared to the untreated control group. In Trial 2, hydrogen peroxide treatment at 500 mg l<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;0.01) increased the percent egg hatch (67%) relative to the untreated controls (57%). Hydrogen peroxide treatment reduced egg mortality and increased the percent hatch of channel catfish eggs regardless of whether eggs were incubated in the gelatinous matrix or without the matrix in comparison to the untreated control.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.06.007","issn":"08997659","usgsCitation":"Howe, G., Gingerich, W., Dawson, V.K., and Olson, J., 1999, Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide for treating saprolegniasis in channel catfish: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 11, no. 3, p. 222-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.06.007.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"222","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a085de4b0c8380cd51ab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gingerich, W.H.","contributorId":83481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, J.J.","contributorId":36099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021628,"text":"70021628 - 1999 - The chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology of the George Ashley Block pegmatite body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021628","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology of the George Ashley Block pegmatite body","docAbstract":"The George Ashley Block (GAB) is a rockslide block located in the Pala pegmatite district of Southern California. It is layered, asymmetric, pocket containing, and peraluminous. The GAB consists of quartz (42 vol%), Na-rich plagioclase (27%), potassium feldspar (24%), muscovite (7%), Mn-rich garnet (2%), biotite (1%), and a trace of tourmaline and gahnite. It contains only small amounts of the incompatible elements that characterize differentiated pegmatite bodies. P2O5, MnO, and F are present in amounts of < 1 wt% each; B, Be, Ce, Li, Nb, Nd, and Th are < 100 ppm each. More than 90% of the garnet grains in the GAB are zoned toward Mn-rich rims, and a symmetrical change in garnet-core composition occurs across the body. The mean X site contents for garnet (in at%) are 57% Fe, 40% Mn, 3.1% Mg, and 0.4% Ca. The Mn contents of garnet range from 30 to 55 at%; Fe contents vary inversely with Mn and range from about 66 to 43 at%. It is concluded that the bulk chemistry yields little information about fractionation, but the garnet, muscovite, and biotite mineral chemistry is more useful. There may have been two separate injections of magma to form the GAB.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Kleck, W., and Foord, E., 1999, The chemistry, mineralogy, and petrology of the George Ashley Block pegmatite body: American Mineralogist, v. 84, no. 5-6, p. 695-707.","startPage":"695","endPage":"707","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa32e4b08c986b32275e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleck, W.D.","contributorId":79764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleck","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2001147,"text":"2001147 - 1999 - Woodcock reovirus","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":2001147,"text":"2001147 - 1999 - Woodcock reovirus","indexId":"2001147","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Woodcock reovirus"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":53926,"text":"itr19990001 - 1999 - Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","indexId":"itr19990001","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-16T13:49:04","indexId":"2001147","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":37,"text":"Information and Technology Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1999-0001","title":"Woodcock reovirus","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter provides information on a recently identified disease of the American woodcock. Little is known about the disease or the virus that causes it. It has been included in this Manual to enhance awareness that such a disease exists and to stimulate additional interest in further investigations to define the importance of woodcock reovirus. More information about this disease is needed because it is not known whether or not this virus is a factor in the decline of woodcock populations within the United States.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field manual of wildlife diseases: General field procedures and diseases of birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Docherty, D.E., 1999, Woodcock reovirus: Information and Technology Report 1999-0001, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"186","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15541,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/itr/1999/field_manual_of_wildlife_diseases.pdf#page=197","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021575,"text":"70021575 - 1999 - Comparison of the stable-isotopic composition of soil water collected from suction lysimeters, wick samplers, and cores in a sandy unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:01:22","indexId":"70021575","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the stable-isotopic composition of soil water collected from suction lysimeters, wick samplers, and cores in a sandy unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>Soil water collected from suction lysimeters and wick samplers buried in the unsaturated zone of a sand and gravel aquifer and extracted from soil cores were analyzed for stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope values. Soil water isotopic values differed among the three sampling methods in most cases. However, because each sampling method collected different fractions of the total soil-water reservoir, the isotopic differences indicated that the soil water at a given depth and time was isotopically heterogeneous. This heterogeneity reflects the presence of relatively more and less mobile components of soil water. Isotopic results from three field tests indicated that 95&ndash;100% of the water collected from wick samplers was mobile soil water while samples from suction lysimeters and cores were mixtures of more and less mobile soil water. Suction lysimeter samples contained a higher proportion of more mobile water (15&ndash;95%) than samples from cores (5&ndash;80%) at the same depth. The results of this study indicate that, during infiltration events, soil water collected with wick samplers is more representative of the mobile soil water that is likely to recharge ground water during or soon after the event than soil water from suction lysimeters or cores.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00120-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., Delin, G., Komor, S., and Regan, C., 1999, Comparison of the stable-isotopic composition of soil water collected from suction lysimeters, wick samplers, and cores in a sandy unsaturated zone: Journal of Hydrology, v. 224, no. 1-2, p. 45-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00120-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206278,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00120-1"}],"volume":"224","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b0e4b0c8380cd4d224","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, C.P.","contributorId":37364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021654,"text":"70021654 - 1999 - Transcontinental arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021654","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transcontinental arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America","docAbstract":"The transcontinental Arch has been described by many authors as a feature having significant tectonic influence during the Phanerozoic, although the location, magnitude, and even the timing defining the arch vary greatly among authors. The general trend usually suggested for the Transcontinental Arch is northeast-southwest across the western midcontinent of North America. A series of isopachous and paleogeologic maps was compiled for this study that defines a number of smaller tectonic features - commonly trending northwest-southeast. Six persistent highs and six persistent lows (or sags) are defined that are largely basement controlled and were rejuvenated at various times during the Phanerozoic. These smaller northwest-trending features, when taken collectively and enhanced by the relative downwarping of the adjacent Williston and Anadarko basins, create a platform-like feature - the Transcontinental Arch of the literature. The concept of a Transcontinental Arch is an important reference trend in the geologic history of North America. In both regional and local studies, however, the smaller-scale, transverse features may have had significant control on both tectonic patterns and depositional influence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00005-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Carlson, M., 1999, Transcontinental arch - a pattern formed by rejuvenation of local features across central North America: Tectonophysics, v. 305, no. 1-3, p. 225-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00005-0.","startPage":"225","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00005-0"},{"id":229328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"305","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6bce4b08c986b326e4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, M.P.","contributorId":81269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021650,"text":"70021650 - 1999 - Incubation behavior of Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:28:42.098409","indexId":"70021650","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incubation behavior of Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">We studied incubation behavior of Spectacled Eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in 1996. We trapped 19 females on their nests and weighed them in early incubation and again at hatch. Average daily weight loss for incubating females was 16.6 ± 1.0 g day<sup>-1</sup>, which resulted in a cumulative loss of 26% of body weight throughout incubation. Nest attendance was monitored for a portion of the incubation period using temperature sensing artificial eggs. Incubation constancy averaged 90 ± 1%. Average recess length was 37.1 ± 0.9 min, and nests cooled an average of 4.2 ± 0.1°C during recesses. Recess frequency averaged 2.5 ± 0.1 recesses day<sup>-1</sup>, and most recesses (70%) occurred between 10:00 and 22:00. Incubation constancy varied among females, but was not related to changes in body weight or incubation period. There was no influence of ambient temperature on incubation recess length, however most recesses were taken during the warmest part of the day. We found considerable variation among females in patterns of daily incubation constancy, nest cooling, recess frequency, and recess length. It is not clear from our results what factors constrain incubation behavior of Spectacled Eiders, but we suggest that individual females respond to a complex suite of variables.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370007","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J., 1999, Incubation behavior of Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Condor, v. 101, no. 2, p. 413-416, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370007.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"416","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503063,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol101/iss2/27","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a0ce4b0c8380cd61b1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}