{"pageNumber":"3399","pageRowStart":"84950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021218,"text":"70021218 - 1999 - Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:14:31","indexId":"70021218","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols","docAbstract":"Robowell is an automated process for monitoring selected ground water quality properties and constituents by pumping a well or multilevel sampler. Robowell was developed and tested to provide a cost-effective monitoring system that meets protocols expected for manual sampling. The process uses commercially available electronics, instrumentation, and hardware, so it can be configured to monitor ground water quality using the equipment, purge protocol, and monitoring well design most appropriate for the monitoring site and the contaminants of interest. A Robowell prototype was installed on a sewage treatment plant infiltration bed that overlies a well-studied unconfined sand and gravel aquifer at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during a time when two distinct plumes of constituents were released. The prototype was operated from May 10 to November 13, 1996, and quality-assurance/quality-control measurements demonstrated that the data obtained by the automated method was equivalent to data obtained by manual sampling methods using the same sampling protocols. Water level, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved ammonium were monitored by the prototype as the wells were purged according to U.S Geological Survey (USGS) ground water sampling protocols. Remote access to the data record, via phone modem communications, indicated the arrival of each plume over a few days and the subsequent geochemical reactions over the following weeks. Real-time availability of the monitoring record provided the information needed to initiate manual sampling efforts in response to changes in measured ground water quality, which proved the method and characterized the screened portion of the plume in detail through time. The methods and the case study described are presented to document the process for future use.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00243.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K., 1999, Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 19, no. 4, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00243.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaddbe4b0c8380cd86faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.P.","contributorId":54231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021215,"text":"70021215 - 1999 - Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T00:19:37.403923","indexId":"70021215","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas","docAbstract":"We report on the habitat associations of 21 species of grassland birds overwintering in or migrating through southern Texas, during 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. Ninety percent of our grassland bird observations were made during winter and spring, and only 10% occurred during fall. Grassland species made up a high proportion of the total bird densities in grassland and shrub-grassland habitats, but much lower proportions in the habitats with more woody vegetation. Fewer grassland species were observed in grassland and woodland than in brushland, parkland, and shrub-grassland habitats. Grassland birds generally were found in higher densities in habitats that had woody canopy coverage of < 30%; densities of grassland birds were highest in shrub-grassland habitat and lowest in woodland habitat. Species that are grassland specialists on their breeding grounds tended to be more habitat specific during the nonbreeding season compared to shrub-grassland specialists, which were more general in their nonbreeding-habitat usage. Nonetheless, our data demonstrate that grassland birds occur in a variety of habitats during the nonbreeding season and seem to occupy a broader range of habitats than previously described.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370064","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., and Ballard, B., 1999, Habitat associations of migrating and overwintering grassland birds in southern Texas: Condor, v. 101, no. 4, p. 771-782, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2efbe4b0c8380cd5c9aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballard, B.M.","contributorId":95028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021212,"text":"70021212 - 1999 - Preliminary study on the mode of occurrence of arsenic in high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T15:48:14.506092","indexId":"70021212","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3350,"text":"Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary study on the mode of occurrence of arsenic in high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province","docAbstract":"<p><span>Coal samples from high arsenic coal areas have been analyzed by electron micropbe analyzer (EMPA), scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffinction analysis (XRD), low temperature ashing (LTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), instnunent neutron activation analysis (INAA) and wet chemical analysis. Although some As-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, realgar (?), As-bearing sulfate, and As-bearing clays are found in the high arsenic coals, their contents do not account for the abundance of arsenic in the some coals. Analysis of the coal indicates that arsenic exists mainly in the form of A</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>5+</sup><span>&nbsp;and A</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3+</sup><span>, combined with compounds in the organic matrix. The occurrence of such exceptionally high arsenic contents in coal and the fact that the arsenic is dominantly organically associated are unique observations. The modes of occurrence of arsenic in high As-coals are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02877793","issn":"10069313","usgsCitation":"Ding, Z., Zheng, B., Zhang, J., Belkin, H., Finkelman, R.B., Zhao, F., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., and Chen, C., 1999, Preliminary study on the mode of occurrence of arsenic in high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province: Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, v. 42, no. 6, p. 655-661, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02877793.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"655","endPage":"661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ac2e4b0c8380cd7e0ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ding, Z.","contributorId":51045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, B.","contributorId":51489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zhao, F.","contributorId":15362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zhou, D.","contributorId":98037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhou, Y.","contributorId":70526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70021211,"text":"70021211 - 1999 - Uncommon breeding birds in North Dakota: Population estimates and frequencies of occurrence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-13T13:05:12.989101","indexId":"70021211","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uncommon breeding birds in North Dakota: Population estimates and frequencies of occurrence","docAbstract":"Breeding bird populations were surveyed on 128 randomly selected quarter-sections throughout North Dakota in 1967, 1992, and 1993. Population estimates and frequencies of occurrence are reported for 92 uncommon breeding bird species with statewide frequencies of less than 10%.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","issn":"00083550","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., Johnson, D.H., and Kantrud, H., 1999, Uncommon breeding birds in North Dakota: Population estimates and frequencies of occurrence: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 113, no. 4, p. 646-651.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"651","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422528,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/358667"},{"id":229901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc2ae4b08c986b328a90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021202,"text":"70021202 - 1999 - Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of paleohydrology at Laxemar at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021202","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of paleohydrology at Laxemar at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden","docAbstract":"Isotopic compositions of C (??13C), O (??18O) and Sr (??87Sr) were determined for calcite fracture fillings in the crystalline rock penetrated by a 1.6 km drill hole at Laxemar, near the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (AHRL) in southern Sweden. These calcites precipitated from groundwater some time in the past, and their ??13C, ??18O and ??87Sr values reflect those of the source waters. The present-day groundwater system is hydrochemically stratified with highly saline water underlying more shallow brackish and fresh water. The origin of this stratified system is probably related to past glaciations although the ultimate origin of the deep, highly saline water is still problematical. None of the calcite fracture fillings sampled below 900 m could have precipitated from any of the present-day ground waters which in view of the glacial history of the region is not surprising. However, several shallow calcite fracture fillings are formed by precipitation from the present-day groundwater. Coupled variations in ??13C, ??18O and ??87Sr isotopes at depths in excess of 900 m suggest that these isotope systems in calcite are recording a time-dependent evolution of groundwater composition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00028-1","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Wallin, B., and Peterman, Z., 1999, Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of paleohydrology at Laxemar at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden: Applied Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 7, p. 953-962, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00028-1.","startPage":"953","endPage":"962","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00028-1"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f5e4b0c8380cd4b4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallin, B.","contributorId":66016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z.","contributorId":104229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021200,"text":"70021200 - 1999 - Molecular aggregation of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:43:37","indexId":"70021200","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular aggregation of humic substances","docAbstract":"Humic substances (HS) form molecular aggregates in solution and on mineral surfaces. Elucidation of the mechanism of formation of these aggregates is important for an understanding of the interactions of HS in soils arid natural waters. The HS are formed mainly by enzymatic depolymerization and oxidation of plant biopolymers. These reactions transform the aromatic and lipid plant components into amphiphilic molecules, that is, molecules that consist of separate hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) parts. The nonpolar parts of the molecules are composed of relatively unaltered segments of plant polymers and the polar parts of carboxylic acid groups. These amphiphiles form membrane-like aggregates on mineral surfaces and micelle-like aggregates in solution. The exterior surfaces of these aggregates are hydrophilic, and the interiors constitute separate hydrophobic liquid-like phases.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199911000-00004","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., 1999, Molecular aggregation of humic substances: Soil Science, v. 164, no. 11, p. 803-813, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199911000-00004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ceee4b0c8380cd70047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021199,"text":"70021199 - 1999 - Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:15:03","indexId":"70021199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to ground water. This paper examines the relation of local soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence of nitrate, atrazine (2-chloro-4 ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-trazine), and atrazine residue [atrazine + deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine) + deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine)] from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the midwestern USA. The occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in ground water were directly related to soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in ground water suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multivariate analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19.0%), atrazine (33.4%), and atrazine residue (28.6%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to ground water, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in ground water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060030x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 1999, Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1908-1915, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060030x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1908","endPage":"1915","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e90ee4b0c8380cd48082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaquis, R.J.","contributorId":26835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaquis","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, K.J.","contributorId":65245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021198,"text":"70021198 - 1999 - Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (<i>Panulirus marginatus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T09:21:36","indexId":"70021198","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (<i>Panulirus marginatus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Data on the nutritional status of spiny lobster (<i>Panulirus marginatus</i>) were collected on the commercial trapping grounds of Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in the summers of 1991, 1994, and 1995. Glycogen levels measured in abdominal tissue of intermolt males were used as an index of nutritional health of the field population. The range of glycogen sampled from wild lobster was less than half the level measured in captive lobster fed to satiation in a previous study. An analysis of covariance identified significant interannual and spatial effects explaining 46% of the variance in the sample of wild lobsters. Most significant was a decline in lobster glycogen levels between samples collected in 1991 and 1994-1995. Seasonal influences on lobster nutrition are unknown and were identified as an obvious direction for future ecological research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":" University of Hawai'i Press","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Parrish, F., and Martinelli-Liedtke, T.L., 1999, Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (<i>Panulirus marginatus</i>): Pacific Science, v. 53, no. 4, p. 361-366.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/708"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Necker Bank, Necker Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -181.23046875,\n              17.769612247142653\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.23046875,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.4462890625,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.4462890625,\n              17.769612247142653\n            ],\n            [\n              -181.23046875,\n              17.769612247142653\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92d8e4b08c986b31a148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, F.A.","contributorId":39151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinelli-Liedtke, T. L.","contributorId":36704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinelli-Liedtke","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021196,"text":"70021196 - 1999 - Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:35:34","indexId":"70021196","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China","docAbstract":"The Jiaodingshan Mn-Co and Dawashan Mn deposits are located in the approximately 2-m thick Daduhe unit of the Wufengian strata of Late Ordovician (Ashgill) age. Paleogeographic reconstruction places the deposits at the time of their formation in a gulf between Chengdu submarine rise and the Kangdian continent. The Jiaodingshan and Dawashan deposits occur in algal-reef facies, the former in an atoll-like structure and the latter in a pinnacle reef. Ores are mainly composed of rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, hausmannite, braunite, manganosite, and bementite. Dark red, yellowish-pink, brown, green-gray, and black ores are massive, banded, laminated, spheroidal, and cryptalgal (oncolite, stromatolite, algal filaments) boundstones. Blue, green, and red algal fossils show in situ growth positions. Samples of high-grade Jiaodingshan and Dawashan ores assay as much as 66.7% MnO. Jiaodingshan Mn carbonate ores have mean contents of Ba, Co, and Pb somewhat higher than in Dawashan ores. Cobalt is widely distributed and strongly enriched in all rock types as compared to its crustal mean content. Cobalt is correlated with Cu, Ni, and MgO in both deposits and additionally with Ba and Zn in the Dawashan deposit. The δ<sup>13</sup>C(PDB) values of Mn carbonate ores (-7.8 to -16.3‰) indicate contributions of carbon from both seawater bicarbonate and the bacterial degradation of organic matter, the latter being 33% to 68%, assuming about -24‰ for the δ<sup>13</sup>C(PDB) of the organic matter. Host limestones derived carbon predominantly from seawater bicarbonate δ<sup>13</sup>13C(PDB) of +0.2 to -7‰). NW-trending fault zones controlled development of lithofacies, whereas NE-trending fault zones provided pathways for movement of fluids. The source of Co, Ni, and Cu was mainly from weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the Kangdian continent, whereas contemporaneous volcanic eruptions were of secondary importance. The reefs were likely mineralized during early diagenesis under shallow burial. The reefs were highly porous and acted as the locus for metasomatic replacement by Mn that combined with CO<sub>2</sub> produced during oxidation of organic matter in the zone of sulfate reduction and seawater bicarbonate. That metasomatic replacement formed the rhodochrosite ores.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00018-9","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J., 1999, Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, no. 1-3, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00018-9.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00018-9"},{"id":229664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f62e4b0c8380cd75a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Delian","contributorId":88515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Delian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ye, Jie","contributorId":10187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021195,"text":"70021195 - 1999 - Loss of iron to gold capsules in rock-melting experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021195","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loss of iron to gold capsules in rock-melting experiments","docAbstract":"Gold is used widely for capsules in high-temperature rock-melting studies because it is generally thought to absorb negligible Fe from silicate samples. However, we observed significant losses of Fe from fluid-absent melting experiments on hornblende gabbros at 800-975 ??C and 8 kbar, using standard piston-cylinder techniques. The extent of Fe loss from the sample is dependent on the relative masses of the sample and the capsule. Low sample to capsule mass ratios (~0.04) lead to the highest Fe losses (32-49% relative). Concentrations of Fe in silicate melt and used gold capsules define an apparent equilibrium constant (K') that follows a linear 1n K' vs. 1/T relation (at an estimated log f(O)(2) of QFM-1). The apparent equilibrium constant is used to make limiting upper estimates on the amount of Fe that could be lost during rock-melting experiments for a range of f(O)(2) and sample to capsule mass ratios. At high f(O)(2) (NNO + 2), loss of Fe to gold is negligible (<2% relative) for a wide range of sample to capsule mass ratios. At an f(O)(2) of NNO, Fe loss can be kept to <10% relative by using a sample to capsule mass ratio of 0.2 or greater. At low f(O)(2) (QFM-1), presaturating the Au with Fe would be necessary to ensure that Fe losses remained <10% relative. Fe loss can compromise experimental results for small samples run at low f(O)(2) conditions, be they buffered, imposed by the pressure media, or produced by intrinsically reduced (graphitic) starting materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Ratajeski, K., and Sisson, T.W., 1999, Loss of iron to gold capsules in rock-melting experiments: American Mineralogist, v. 84, no. 10, p. 1521-1527.","startPage":"1521","endPage":"1527","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49dbe4b0c8380cd68937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratajeski, K.","contributorId":58799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratajeski","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, T. W.","contributorId":108120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021190,"text":"70021190 - 1999 - Conversion of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum magna to a nonpathogenic, endophytic mutualist by gene disruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T15:09:22.706849","indexId":"70021190","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2780,"text":"Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Conversion of the pathogenic fungus <i>Colletotrichum magna</i> to a nonpathogenic, endophytic mutualist by gene disruption","title":"Conversion of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum magna to a nonpathogenic, endophytic mutualist by gene disruption","docAbstract":"<p>Hygromycin-resistant transformants of the cucurbit pathogen <i>Colletotrichum magna</i> (teleomorph: Glomerella magna) were generated by restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) transformation. A rapid pathogenicity assay involving watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings was developed and 14,400 REMI transformants were screened and assessed for their ability to cause disease, colonize plant tissues, and confer disease resistance against wild-type C. magna. A total of 176 nonpathogenic REMI mutants capable of colonizing cucurbit plants were isolated and assigned to three groups based on their ability to confer disease resistance: phenotype A, 80 to 100% disease protection; phenotype B, 10 to 65% disease protection; and phenotype C, 0 to 4% disease protection. Molecular and genetic analyses of one REMI mutant (R1) indicated that the nonpathogenic phenotype A resulted from a single-site integration. R1 showed a 1:1 segregation of hygromycin resistance and nonpathogenicity and all hygromycin-resistant progeny were nonpathogenic. The integrated vector and 5.5 kb of flanking fungal genomic DNA were isolated from R1 and designated pGMR1. To verify that pGMR1 contained pathogenicity gene sequences, a wild-type isolate of C. magna was transformed with pGMR1 to induce gene disruptions by homologous integration. Approximately 47% of the pGMR1 transformants expressed phenotype A, indicating homologous integration and gene disruption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"APSnet","doi":"10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.11.969","usgsCitation":"Redman, R.S., Ranson, J.C., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1999, Conversion of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum magna to a nonpathogenic, endophytic mutualist by gene disruption: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, v. 12, no. 11, p. 969-975, https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.11.969.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"975","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.11.969","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230220,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbdbe4b0c8380cd4dfef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redman, R. S.","contributorId":26094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranson, J. C.","contributorId":95224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021189,"text":"70021189 - 1999 - Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Basin to cyclic climatic forcing during the early Cretaceous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T11:57:25","indexId":"70021189","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Basin to cyclic climatic forcing during the early Cretaceous","docAbstract":"Striking cyclic interbeds of laminated dark-olive to black marlstone and bioturbated white to light-gray limestone of Neocomian (Early Cretaceous) age have been recovered at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) sites in the North Atlantic. These Neocomian sequences are equivalent to the Maiolica Formation that outcrops in the Tethyan regions of the Mediterranean and to thick limestone sequences of the Vocontian Trough of France. This lithologic unit marks the widespread deposition of biogenic carbonate over much of the North Atlantic and Tethyan seafloor during a time of overall low sealevel and a deep carbonate compensation depth. The dark clay-rich interbeds typically are rich in organic carbon (OC) with up to 5.5% OC in sequences in the eastern North Atlantic. These eastern North Atlantic sequences off northwest Africa, contain more abundant and better preserved hydrogen-rich, algal organic matter (type II kerogen) relative to the western North Atlantic, probably in response to coastal upwelling induced by an eastern boundary current in the young North Atlantic Ocean. The more abundant algal organic matter in sequences in the eastern North Atlantic is also expressed in the isotopic composition of the carbon in that organic matter. In contrast, organic matter in Neocomian sequences in the western North Atlantic along the continental margin of North America has geochemical and optical characteristics of herbaceous, woody, hydrogen-poor, humic, type III kerogen. The inorganic geochemical characteristics of the dark clay-rich (<60% CaCO3) interbeds in Neocomian sequences in the North American Basin and the Cape Verde Basin off northwest Africa suggest that most of the detrital clastic material was derived from deep-sea fans off North America and Morocco during relatively wet intervals to dilute pelagic biogenic carbonate. Inorganic geochemical characteristics of the clastic material in the bioturbated, white, carbonate-rich (>80% CaCO3) interbeds in both the eastern and western basins of the North Atlantic suggest that they contain minor amounts of relatively unweathered eolian dust derived from northwest Africa during dry intervals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., and Arthur, M., 1999, Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Basin to cyclic climatic forcing during the early Cretaceous: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 465-486.","startPage":"465","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269885,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/465.abstract"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d37e4b08c986b3182de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021188,"text":"70021188 - 1999 - Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:13:28.801819","indexId":"70021188","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Research on the effects of vegetation manipulation on snowpack, soil water, and streamwater chemistry and flux has been underway at the Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF), CO, since 1982. Greater than 95% of FEF snowmelt passes through watersheds as subsurface flow where soil processes significantly alter meltwater chemistry. To better understand the mechanisms accounting for annual variation in watershed streamwater ion concentration and flux with snowmelt, we studied subsurface water flow, its ion concentration, and flux in conterminous forested and clear cut plots. Repetitive patterns in subsurface flow and chemistry were apparent. Control plot subsurface flow chemistry had the highest ion concentrations in late winter and fall. When shallow subsurface flow occurred, its Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations were lower and K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>higher than deep flow. The percentage of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux in shallow depths was less and K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>slightly greater than the percentage of total flow. Canopy removal increased precipitation reaching the forest floor by about 40%, increased peak snowpack water equivalent (SWE)&gt;35%, increased the average snowpack Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>content, reduced the snowpack K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>content, and increased the runoff four-fold. Clear cutting doubled the percentage of subsurface flow at shallow depths, and increased K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration in shallow subsurface flow and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations in both shallow and deep flow. The percentage change in total Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux in shallow depths was less than the change in water flux, while that of K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux was greater. Relative to the control, in the clear cut the percentage of total Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux at shallow depths increased from 5 to 12%, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>5·4 to 12%, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from 5·6 to 8·7%, K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from 6 to 35%, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from 2·7 to 17%. The increases in Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux were proportional to the increase in water flux, the flux of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>increased proportionally less than water flux, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were proportionally greater than water flux. Increased subsurface flow accounted for most of the increase in non-limiting nutrient loss. For limiting nutrients, loss of plant uptake and increased shallow subsurface flow accounted for the greater loss. Seasonal ion concentration patterns in streamwater and subsurface flow were similar .&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2287::AID-HYP883>3.0.CO;2-F","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Troendle, C., 1999, Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 14-15, p. 2287-2299, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2287::AID-HYP883>3.0.CO;2-F.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2287","endPage":"2299","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060ee4b0c8380cd510d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troendle, C.A.","contributorId":103820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troendle","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021187,"text":"70021187 - 1999 - Genetic structure of the world's polar bear populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T15:00:03","indexId":"70021187","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of the world's polar bear populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied genetic structure in polar bear (</span><i>Ursus maritimus</i><span>) populations by typing a sample of 473 individuals spanning the species distribution at 16 highly variable microsatellite loci. No genetic discontinuities were found that would be consistent with evolutionarily significant periods of isolation between groups. Direct comparison of movement data and genetic data from the Canadian Arctic revealed a highly significant correlation. Genetic data generally supported existing population (management unit) designations, although there were two cases where genetic data failed to differentiate between pairs of populations previously resolved by movement data. A sharp contrast was found between the minimal genetic structure observed among populations surrounding the polar basin and the presence of several marked genetic discontinuities in the Canadian Arctic. The discontinuities in the Canadian Arctic caused the appearance of four genetic clusters of polar bear populations. These clusters vary in total estimated population size from 100 to over 10&nbsp;000, and the smallest may merit a relatively conservative management strategy in consideration of its apparent isolation. We suggest that the observed pattern of genetic discontinuities has developed in response to differences in the seasonal distribution and pattern of sea ice habitat and the effects of these differences on the distribution and abundance of seals.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00733.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Paetkau, D., Amstrup, S.C., Born, E., Calvert, W., Derocher, A., Garner, G., Messier, F., Stirling, I., Taylor, M., Wiig, O., and Strobeck, C., 1999, Genetic structure of the world's polar bear populations: Molecular Ecology, v. 8, no. 10, p. 1571-1584, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00733.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1571","endPage":"1584","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1588e4b0c8380cd54e6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paetkau, David","contributorId":97712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paetkau","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Born, E.W.","contributorId":7508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Born","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calvert, W.","contributorId":44105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Derocher, A.E.","contributorId":82103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derocher","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Messier, F.","contributorId":34871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Messier","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Taylor, M.K.","contributorId":33986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wiig, O.","contributorId":60995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Strobeck, C.","contributorId":90545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobeck","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70021186,"text":"70021186 - 1999 - Diagenesis of lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates, North Atlantic: Paleoceanographic signals obscured","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T11:56:20","indexId":"70021186","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis of lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates, North Atlantic: Paleoceanographic signals obscured","docAbstract":"The stable isotope and minor element geochemistry of Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) pelagic carbonates of the North Atlantic Basin (Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 105, 367, 387, 391, and 603) was examined to develop a diagenetic model for pelagic limestones. In particular, we hoped to test the fidelity of whole-rock geochemical records as paleoceanographic indicators for pelagic deposits of pre-Aptian age, in which individual microfossils are not available for analysis. Data indicate that in addition to depth of burial, rhythmic variations in primary carbonate content have strongly controlled diagenetic patterns and associated geochemical signatures in these Neocomian sequences. Samples become increasingly depleted in Sr and 18O with increasing CaCO3 content. Within individual sedimentary sections, substantial decreases in Sr/Ca ratios and ??18O values are evident over a range of 4 to 98% CaCO3. However, even over a relatively narrow range of 50 to 98% CaCO3 a 2.5%c variation in ??18O values and a change of a factor of 1.7 in Sr/Ca ratios are observed. Carbon isotope compositions do not vary as extensively with CaCO3 content, but carbonate-rich intervals tend to be relatively depleted in 13C. Petrographic analysis reveals that these geochemical patterns are related to the transfer of CaCO3 from carbonate-poor intervals (calcareous shales and marlstones) to adjacent carbonate-rich intervals (limestones) during burial compaction and pressure solution. This process results in the addition of diagenetic cement to carbonate-rich intervals to produce a bulk composition that is relatively depleted in Sr and 18O and, at the same time, enables the retention of more-or-less primary carbonate that is relatively enriched in Sr and 18O in adjacent carbonate-poor intervals. Thus, although cyclic variations in CaCO3 content are primary in the Neocomian sequences examined, measured variations in Sr/Ca ratios and ??18O values are not and, as such, do not provide reliable proxies for past variations in climate, oceanographic conditions, or global ice volume.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00961191","usgsCitation":"Frank, T., Arthur, M., and Dean, W., 1999, Diagenesis of lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates, North Atlantic: Paleoceanographic signals obscured: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 29, no. 4, p. 340-351.","startPage":"340","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269884,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://jfr.geoscienceworld.org/content/29/4/340.abstract"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0097e4b0c8380cd4f7e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frank, T.D.","contributorId":50315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frank","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arthur, M.A.","contributorId":24791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021184,"text":"70021184 - 1999 - Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:47:26","indexId":"70021184","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydroxyatrazine (HA) is the major metabolite of atrazine in most surface soils. Knowledge of HA sorption to soils, and its pattern of stream water contamination suggest that it is persistent in the environment. Soils with different atrazine use histories were collected from four sites, and sediments were collected from an agricultural watershed. Samples were exhaustively extracted with a mixed—mode extractant, and HA was quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) were also measured in all samples. Concentrations of HA were considerably greater than concentrations of atrazine, DEA, and DIA in all soils and sediments studied. Soil concentrations of HA ranged from 14 to 640 μg/kg with a median concentration of 84 μg/kg. Sediment concentrations of HA ranged from 11 to 96 μg/kg, with a median concentration of 14 μg/kg. Correlations of HA and atrazine concentrations to soil properties indicated that HA levels in soils were controlled by sorption of atrazine. Because atrazine hydrolysis is known to be enhanced by sorption and pH extremes, soils with high organic matter (OM) and clay content and low pH will result in greater atrazine sorption and subsequent hydrolysis. Significant correlation of HA concentrations to OM, pH, and cation exchange capacity of sediments indicated that mixed—mode sorption (i.e., binding by cation exchange and hydrophobic interactions) was the mechanism controlling HA levels in sediment. The presence of HA in soils and stream sediments at the levels observed support existing hypotheses regarding its transport in surface runoff. These results also indicated that persistence of HA in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is an additional risk factor associated with atrazine usage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181007","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Lerch, R., Thurman, E., and Blanchard, P., 1999, Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 10, p. 2161-2168, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2161","endPage":"2168","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37b3e4b0c8380cd610aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerch, R.N.","contributorId":88504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, P.E.","contributorId":76900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001011,"text":"1001011 - 1999 - Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:32:13","indexId":"1001011","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>, aged 3 and 6 years and with average weights of 700 and 2,000 g, were grown in laboratory tanks for up to 407 d under a thermal regime similar to that experienced by lake trout in nearshore Lake Michigan. Lake trout were fed alewife</span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span>&nbsp;and rainbow smelt&nbsp;</span><i>Osmerus mordax</i><span>, prey typical of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Of the 120 lake trout used in the experiment, 40 were fed a low ration (0.25% of their body weight per day), 40 were fed a medium ration (0.5% of their body weight per day), and 40 were fed a high ration (ad libitum). We measured consumption and growth, and we compared observed consumption with that predicted by the Wisconsin bioenergetics model. For lake trout fed the medium ration, model predictions for monthly consumption were unbiased. Moreover, predicted cumulative consumption by medium-ration lake trout for the entire experiment (320 d for smaller lake trout and 407 d for larger lake trout) agreed quite well with observed cumulative consumption; predictions were as close as within 0.1 to 5.2% of observed cumulative consumption. Even so, the model consistently overestimated consumption by low-ration fish and underestimated consumption by high-ration fish. The bias was significant in both cases, but was more severe for the low-ration trout. Because the low-ration and high-ration regimes were probably unrealistic for lake trout residing in Lake Michigan and because the model fit our laboratory data rather well for medium-ration trout, we conclude that applying the Wisconsin bioenergetics model to the Lake Michigan lake trout population in order to estimate the amount of prey fish consumed by lake trout each year is appropriate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:LEOALT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and O’Connor, D.V., 1999, Laboratory evaluation of a lake trout bioenergetics model: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 802-814, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:LEOALT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"802","endPage":"814","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0802:leoalt>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Daniel V.","contributorId":73950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000989,"text":"1000989 - 1999 - Reintroduction of lake sturgeon in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:21:25","indexId":"1000989","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reintroduction of lake sturgeon in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens declined in abundance in Lake Superior's St. Louis River during the late 1800s and were eliminated from the river during the early 1900s because of the combined effects of exploitation, pollution, and habitat alteration. Since then, exploitation in the river and in Lake Superior has been reduced. Furthermore, water quality in the St. Louis River has improved, and its upper-estuary spawning habitat has remained relatively unchanged and adequate. Lake sturgeon have been stocked annually in the St. Louis River since 1983; from 1983 to 1994 stockings included 736,000 fry, 128,000 fingerlings, and 500 yearlings of the Lake Winnebago strain. Relative abundance, distribution, and growth were determined by sampling marked fish in the St. Louis River estuary and western Lake Superior with graded-mesh gill nets and bottom trawls. During 1983&ndash;1998, 644 lake sturgeon were caught in 15,486 m of gill net, and 196 were caught in 1,200 trawl tows. Lake sturgeon were sampled most frequently near channelized portions of the St. Louis River and stayed in the estuary up to 5 years before entering Lake Superior. Lake sturgeon were not captured in western Lake Superior prior to stocking, but abundance increased dramatically after 1985. Of 582 lake sturgeon sampled along the Wisconsin shore of Lake Superior from 1985 through 1998 (347,000 m of gill nets), 93% were captured in less than 30 m of water. A total of 93 lake sturgeon were reported from assessment netting conducted along the Minnesota shore of Lake Superior from 1992 through 1997. The current range of stocked lake sturgeon extends from the St. Louis River 145 km east to the apostle Islands in Wisconsin and 110 km northeast to Little Marais in Minnesota. Increases in lake sturgeon abundance were directly attributed to the stocking program. We recommend stocking a minimum of 20 year-classes and the use of a Lake Superior egg source, if possible. Final evaluation of the project will be detection of tagged lake sturgeon successfully spawning at historical spawning areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0815:ROLSIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Schram, S.T., Lindgren, J., and Evrard, L.M., 1999, Reintroduction of lake sturgeon in the St. Louis River, western Lake Superior: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 19, no. 3, p. 815-823, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0815:ROLSIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"815","endPage":"823","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0815:rolsit>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ede0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindgren, John","contributorId":104006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evrard, Lori M. 0000-0001-8582-5818 levrard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5818","contributorId":2720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evrard","given":"Lori","email":"levrard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000941,"text":"1000941 - 1999 - Interspecific competition in tributaries: Prospectus for restoring Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"1000941","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1858,"text":"Great Lakes Research Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interspecific competition in tributaries: Prospectus for restoring Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Historically, Lake Ontario may have supported the world's largest freshwater population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).  However, by the late 1800's, salmon were virtually extinct in the lake due to the damming of tributaries, overharvest, deforestation, and pollution.  Of these factors, the building of dams on tributaries, which precluded access by the salmon to natal spawning streams, was probably the most detrimental.  Since the extirpation of Atlantic salmon in the Lake Ontario watershed over a century ago, considerable change has occurred throughout the lake and tributary ecosystem.  The changes within the ecosystem that may have the most profound effect on Atlantic salmon restoration include the presence of exotic species, including other salmonines, and reduced habitat quality, especially in tributaries.  These changes must be taken into account when considering Atlantic salmon restoration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Lakes Research Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Wedge, L.R., 1999, Interspecific competition in tributaries: Prospectus for restoring Atlantic salmon in Lake Ontario: Great Lakes Research Review, v. 4, no. 2, p. 11-17.","productDescription":"p. 11-17","startPage":"11","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d7e4b07f02db5decc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, James H. 0000-0002-5619-3871 jhjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5619-3871","contributorId":389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"jhjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wedge, Leslie R.","contributorId":48130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedge","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000940,"text":"1000940 - 1999 - Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T16:31:35.633678","indexId":"1000940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities","docAbstract":"The southern Lake Michigan basin in northwest Indiana possesses a variety of aquatic habitats including riverine, palustrine, and lacustrine systems. The watershed draining this area is a remnant of glacial Lake Chicago and supports fish communities that are typically low in species richness. Composition of the presettlement Lake Michigan fish community near the Indiana Dunes has been difficult to reconstruct. Existing data indicate that the number of native species in the Lake Michigan watershed, including nearshore Lake Michigan, has declined by 22% since the onset of European settlement. Few remnants of natural fish communities exist, and those occur principally in the ponds of Miller Woods, the Grand Calumet Lagoons, and the Little Calumet River. These communities have maintained a relatively diverse assemblage of fishes despite large-scale anthropogenic disturbances in the area, including channelization, massive river redirection, fragmentation, habitat alteration, exotic species invasions, and the introduction of toxic chemicals. Data that we collected from 1985 to 1996 suggested that the Grand Calumet River has the highest proportion of exotic fish species of any inland wetland in northwest Indiana. Along the Lake Michigan shoreline, another group of exotics (e.g., round goby, alewife, and sea lamprey) have affected the structure of native fish communities, thereby altering lake ecosystem function. Stocking programs contribute to the impairment of native communities. Nonindigenous species have restructured the function of Lake Michigan tributaries, causing disruptions in trophic dynamics, guild structure, and species diversity. Several fish communities have been reduced or eliminated by the alteration and destruction of spawning and nursery areas. Degradation of habitats has caused an increase in numbers and populations of species able to tolerate and flourish when confronted with hydrologic alteration. Fish communities found on public lands in northwest Indiana generally are of lower biological integrity, in terms of structure and function, than those on private lands and are not acting as refugia for native fish populations. Stocking of nonindigenous species should be evaluated to enable the restoration of native fish communities on public lands. Habitat quality will need to be improved and land-use modifications decreased or reversed in order to restore or slow the decline in native fish communities.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Simon, T.P., and Stewart, P.M., 1999, Structure and function of fish communities in the southern Lake Michigan basin with emphasis on restoration of native fish communities: Natural Areas Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 142-154.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911823"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.52670288085938,\n              41.36238012945531\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68075561523438,\n              41.36238012945531\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.68075561523438,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.52670288085938,\n              41.88592102814744\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.52670288085938,\n              41.36238012945531\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a37ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, Thomas P.","contributorId":77081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70073667,"text":"70073667 - 1999 - Flow-path textures and mineralogy in tuffs of the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-10T13:30:39","indexId":"70073667","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Flow-path textures and mineralogy in tuffs of the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<p>The high concentration of chlorine-36 (<sup>36</sup>Cl) produced by above-ground nuclear tests (bomb-pulse) provides a fortuitous tracer for infiltration during the last 50 years, and is used to detect fast flow in the unsaturated zone at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a thick deposit of welded and nonwelded tuffs. Evidence of fast flow as much as 300 m into the mountain has been found in several zones in a 7.7-km tunnel. Many zones are associated with faults that provide continuous fracture flow paths from the surface. In the Sundance fault zone, water with the bomb-pulse signature has moved into subsidiary fractures and breccia zones. We found no highly distinctive mineralogic associations of fault and fracture samples containing bomb-pulse <sup>36</sup>Cl. Bomb-pulse sites are slightly more likely to have calcite deposits than are non-bomb-pulse sites. Most other mineralogic and textural associations of fast-flow paths reflect the structural processes leading to locally enhanced permeability rather than the effects of ground-water percolation. Water movement through the rock was investigated by isotopic analysis of paired samples representing breccia zones and fractured wall rock bounding the breccia zones. Where bomb-pulse <sup>36</sup>Cl is present, the waters in bounding fractures and intergranular pores of the fast pathways are not in equilibrium with respect to the isotopic signal. In structural domains that have experienced extensional deformation, fluid flow within a breccia is equivalent to matrix flow in a particulate rock, whereas true fracture flow occurs along the boundaries of a breccia zone. Where shearing predominated over extension, the boundary between wall rock and breccia is rough and irregular with a tight wallrock/breccia contact. The absence of a gap between the breccia and the wall rock helps maintain fluid flow within the breccia instead of along the wallrock/breccia boundary, leading to higher <sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl values in the breccia than in the wall rock.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Faults and subsurface fluid flow in the shallow crust","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/GM113p0159","usgsCitation":"Levy, S., Chipera, S., WoldeGabriel, G., Fabryka-Martin, J., Roach, J., and Sweetkind, D., 1999, Flow-path textures and mineralogy in tuffs of the unsaturated zone, chap. <i>of</i> Faults and subsurface fluid flow in the shallow crust, v. 113, p. 159-184, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM113p0159.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd59ffe4b0b290850f90c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Haneberg, William C.","contributorId":57121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haneberg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509750,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mozley, Peter S.","contributorId":44954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mozley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509749,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, J. Casey","contributorId":28950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Casey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509748,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodwin, Laurel B.","contributorId":113423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509751,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Levy, Schon","contributorId":75850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"Schon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chipera, Steve","contributorId":47288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipera","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"WoldeGabriel, Giday","contributorId":57366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"WoldeGabriel","given":"Giday","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fabryka-Martin, June","contributorId":6760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabryka-Martin","given":"June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Roach, Jeffrey","contributorId":15519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roach","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. dsweetkind@usgs.gov","contributorId":735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","email":"dsweetkind@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70188292,"text":"70188292 - 1999 - Mother Lode gold","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T15:36:28","indexId":"70188292","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mother Lode gold","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2338-8.55","usgsCitation":"Bohlke, J., 1999, Mother Lode gold: GSA Special Papers, v. 338, p. 55-67, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2338-8.55.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"67","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":342128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"338","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dafe4b0f6c2d0d7d65a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014624,"text":"1014624 - 1999 - Enhancement of anti-<i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> activity in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) macrophages by a mannose-binding lectin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T15:20:01","indexId":"1014624","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3820,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement of anti-<i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> activity in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) macrophages by a mannose-binding lectin","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated the effects of a calcium-dependent mannose-binding lectin isolated from the serum of Atlantic salmon on <i>Aeromonas</i><i>salmonicida</i> viability and the anti-<i>A</i>. <i>salmonicida</i> activity of Atlantic salmon macrophages. In the absence of other factors, binding of this lectin at concentrations of 0.8, 4.0 and 20.0 ng ml<sup>−1</sup> to virulent <i>A. salmonicida</i> failed to significantly reduce (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05) cell viability. However, binding of the lectin to <i>A. salmonicida</i> did result in significant (<i>P</i>≤0.05) dose-dependent increases in phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. Significant increases (<i>P</i>≤0.05) were also observed in phagocyte respiratory burst activity within the lectin concentration range of 4.0–20.0 ng ml<sup>−1</sup> but the stimulation was not dose dependent at these lectin concentrations. At the lowest lectin concentration tested (0.32 ng ml<sup>−1</sup>), a significant decrease (<i>P</i>≤0.05) in respiratory burst was observed. The structure and activity of this lectin are similar to that of mammalian mannose-binding lectins, which are known to play a pivotal role in innate immunity. The presence of this lectin may be an important defense mechanism against Gram-negative bacteria such as <i>A. </i><i>salmonicida.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00009-2","usgsCitation":"Ottinger, C., Johnson, S., Ewart, K., Brown, L., and Ross, N., 1999, Enhancement of anti-<i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> activity in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) macrophages by a mannose-binding lectin: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, v. 123, no. 1, p. 53-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00009-2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60267a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ottinger, C. A. 0000-0003-2551-1985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-1985","contributorId":8796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.C.","contributorId":93008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewart, K.V.","contributorId":13934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewart","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, L.L.","contributorId":46907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, N.W.","contributorId":21915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"N.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":27950,"text":"wri994089 - 1999 - Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T13:35:36.562184","indexId":"wri994089","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4089","displayTitle":"Estimation of Potential Runoff-Contributing Areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River Basin, Kansas","title":"Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas","docAbstract":"<p>Digital soils and topographic data were used to estimate and compare potential runoff-contributing areas for 19 selected subbasins representing soil, slope, and runoff variability within the Kansas-Lower Republican (KLR) River Basin. Potential runoff-contributing areas were estimated separately and collectively for the processes of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess overland flow using a set of environmental conditions that represented high, moderate, and low potential runoff. For infiltration-excess overland flow, various rainfall intensities and soil permeabilities were used. For saturation-excess overland flow, antecedent soil-moisture conditions and a topographic wetness index were used. </p><p>Results indicated that the subbasins with relatively high potential runoff are located in the central part of the KLR River Basin. These subbasins are Black Vermillion River, Clarks Creek, Delaware River upstream from Muscotah, Grasshopper Creek, Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County), Soldier Creek, Vermillion Creek (Pottawatomie County), and Wildcat Creek. The subbasins with relatively low potential runoff are located in the western one-third of the KLR River Basin, with one exception, and are Buffalo Creek, Little Blue River upstream from Barnes, Mill Creek (Washington County), Republican River between Concordia and Clay Center, Republican River upstream from Concordia, Wakarusa River downstream from Clinton Lake (exception), and White Rock Creek. The ability to distinguish the subbasins as having relatively high or low potential runoff was possible mostly due to the variability of soil permeability across the KLR River Basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 1999, Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4089, Report: iv, 24 p.; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994089.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Figures","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2202,"rank":199,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/wrir19994089.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 1999–4089"},{"id":403264,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400829,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/figures/","text":"Figures"}],"scale":"670000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas-Lower Republican River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.86,\n              38.6420\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5830,\n              38.6420\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5830,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.86,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.86,\n              38.6420\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:%20dc_ks@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/kswsc\">Kansas Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>1217 Biltmore Drive<br>Lawrence, KS 66049</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Estimation of Potential Runoff-Contributing Areas</li><li>Potential Runoff-Contributing Areas</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6676f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180140,"text":"70180140 - 1999 - Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T15:13:24","indexId":"70180140","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 1999, Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}