A map is presented of median 1-min-resolution peak geoelectric-field strength across the United States as would be induced by magnetic storms as intense as the 2 September 1859 Carrington storm. The map is constructed from two data sets: Magnetometer time series from 22 ground-based observatories recording 40 magnetic storms, and surface impedance tensors derived from magnetotelluric measurements acquired at 1616 survey sites across the contiguous United States. Carrington-class storm geoelectric fields are likely to be very strong in the United States East and Midwest; > 5.00 V/km at many places. In Virginia, strengths would likely range from 30.30 V/km, with a 68% confidence interval of [19.44,47.20] V/km, to as low as 0.05 [0.03,0.07] V/km. Comparison of model geopotentials with those measured on 30 long lines, indicates errors of about 18%. A Carrington-class storm would likely induce geoelectric fields with strengths 55% greater than for the 13–14 March 1989 storm.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, Greg M.","contributorId":367021,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Greg","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelbert, Anna","contributorId":367022,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelbert","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rigler, E. Joshua 0000-0003-4850-3953 erigler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3953","contributorId":4367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rigler","given":"E.","email":"erigler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bedrosian, Paul A. 0000-0002-6786-1038 pbedrosian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","contributorId":839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedrosian","given":"Paul","email":"pbedrosian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schnepf, Neesha R.","contributorId":367027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schnepf","given":"Neesha","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36621,"text":"University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70272273,"text":"70272273 - 2025 - Estimating recruitment of Largemouth Bass to exceptional weights using angler-reported catches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T16:30:03.333116","indexId":"70272273","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-07T10:13:38","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating recruitment of Largemouth Bass to exceptional weights using angler-reported catches","docAbstract":"Although most facets of Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans ecology have been researched, the upper tiers of weight distributions (i.e., ≥3.6 kg; herein, “lunkers”) have received little attention due to the challenges of collecting sufficient sample sizes. Our aim was to estimate Largemouth Bass recruitment to higher weights after reaching 3.6 kg and to identify factors correlated with such recruitment.
We used an online database of angler-reported catches to investigate recruitment of Largemouth Bass after reaching lunker size and to identify associated factors. Recruitment was indexed by the slopes of the reversed cumulative counts relative to increasing weights, with gentler negative slopes indicating higher recruitment. The influence of environmental variables on these slopes identified the factors associated with recruitment.
An average of 20% (minimum = 4%; maximum = 45%) of lunker bass were estimated to recruit after reaching 3.6 kg. When expanded, these estimates revealed that recruitment from 3.6 to 4.5 kg averaged 23.5% and recruitment from 3.6 to 5.9 kg averaged 2.5%. The observed recruitment was positively correlated with the frequency of Florida Bass M. salmoides alleles in the population and was inversely correlated with human population densities in the vicinity of the reservoir and with chlorophyll-a concentrations in the environment.
Recruitment of Largemouth Bass after reaching 3.6 kg appears to require a nuanced equilibrium enabled by a higher frequency of Florida Bass alleles, a remote location of the fishery, and a reservoir trophic state that balances adequate environmental conditions and food supply.
Background
Timely information on wildfire burn severity is critical to assess and mitigate potential post-fire impacts on soils, vegetation, and hillslope stability. Tracking individual fire spread and intensity using satellite active fire data provides a pathway to near real-time (NRT) information. Here, we generated a large database (n = 2177) of wildfire events in the western United States (U.S.) between 2012 and 2021 using active fire detections from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite and the Fire Events Data Suite (FEDS) algorithm to track large fire growth every 12 h. We integrated fire tracking data with final fire perimeters and burn severity data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) program to evaluate the relationship between burn severity and fire behavior metrics derived from the fire tracking approach, including the rate of fire spread and average fire radiative power (FRP) of fire detections for each 12-h growth increment.
Results
When stratified by vegetation type, FRP and rate of spread metrics were positively correlated with classified burn severity for each 12-h growth increment, highlighting the potential to rapidly identify areas of high and low severity burning. In forests, integrated measures of FRP over the fire lifetime captured persistent flaming and smoldering that compensated for initial differences between AM (01:30) and PM (13:30) fire detections. Predictive modeling of these relationships based on multiple fire behavior indicators and vegetation type from the LANDFIRE program yielded an accuracy of 78% for the separation of unburned/low and moderate/high burn severity classes.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate the ability to capture within-fire differences in burn severity using NRT indicators from fire tracking to assist with emergency management and disaster preparedness for post-fire hazards, such as landslides, debris flows, or changes in stream flow and water quality. As VIIRS data are available within minutes of each satellite overpass in the U.S., rapid estimates of burn severity based on fire tracking can be made days or weeks before a large wildfire is fully contained.
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Vancouver, BC, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Shiklomanov, Alexey N. 0000-0003-4022-5979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-5979","contributorId":245541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shiklomanov","given":"Alexey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":49218,"text":"Boston University Department of Earth and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis 0000-0003-4911-4511 knelson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":3602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis","email":"knelson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Peterson, Birgit 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":192353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Follette-Cook, Melanie B. 0000-0002-5648-584X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5648-584X","contributorId":365282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Follette-Cook","given":"Melanie","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Morton, 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avian influenza in migratory waterfowl","docAbstract":"Emerging infectious diseases pose threats to wildlife populations, as exemplified by recent outbreaks of avian influenza viruses in wild birds. Climate change can affect infection dynamics in wildlife through direct effects on pathogens (e.g., environmental decay rates) and changes to host ecology, including shifting migration patterns. Here, we adapt an existing mechanistic model that couples migration and infection to study how traits of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses contribute to HPAI outcomes in migratory waterfowl, then apply this model to explore potential impacts of climate change on HPAI dynamics. We find that the simulated impacts of HPAI on the host population under baseline climate conditions varied from no impact to 100% mortality, depending on viral traits. In most cases, traits related to transmission (i.e., contact rates, shedding rates) were more important for HPAI establishment probability, infection prevalence, and mortality than were other viral traits (e.g., environmental temperature sensitivity, cross-protective immunity). We then simulated the effects of climate change (i.e., altered temperature regimes) on HPAI dynamics both via viral environmental decay and via changes in bird migration phenology. In these simulations, we found that a 9-day advancement in spring migration timing increased the duration of HPAI outbreaks by increasing time birds spent at their breeding grounds, leading to higher mortality and fewer infections. In contrast, increased viral decay in warmer years had a smaller, but opposite impact. These patterns depended on the primary transmission mode of HPAI (i.e., direct vs. environmental) and its sensitivity to environmental temperatures. Together, these results suggest that climate change is likely to increase the impacts of HPAI on waterfowl populations if HPAI relies strongly on direct transmission and birds advance their spring migration. Further integrating host-viral co-evolution and other climatic changes (e.g., salinity, humidity) could provide more precise predictions of how HPAI dynamics could change in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013451","usgsCitation":"Teitelbaum, C.S., Casazza, M.L., Overton, C.T., Matchett, E., and Prosser, D.J., 2025, Host responses and viral traits interact to shape the impacts of climate warming on highly pathogenic avian influenza in migratory waterfowl: PLOS Computational Biology., v. 21, no. 10, e1013451, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013451.","productDescription":"e1013451, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157531","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.20078647084972,\n 61.26021297898512\n ],\n [\n -149.09364902779188,\n 62.66876277882301\n ],\n [\n -162.90133171617495,\n 63.7331238783043\n ],\n [\n -166.54926553897377,\n 61.85068028365225\n ],\n [\n -164.23587380154524,\n 59.41592981040935\n ],\n [\n -158.791073273557,\n 57.922862761320914\n ],\n [\n -148.20078647084972,\n 61.26021297898512\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.22676646003569,\n 44.192344518790605\n ],\n [\n -124.083446948291,\n 44.192344518790605\n ],\n [\n -124.083446948291,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120.22676646003569,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -120.22676646003569,\n 44.192344518790605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teitelbaum, Claire Stewart 0000-0001-5646-3184","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-3184","contributorId":295336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teitelbaum","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"Stewart","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overton, Cory T. 0000-0002-5060-7447 coverton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-7447","contributorId":3262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overton","given":"Cory","email":"coverton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matchett, Elliott 0000-0001-5095-2884 ematchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-2884","contributorId":5541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"Elliott","email":"ematchett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":221167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274600,"text":"70274600 - 2025 - Ambient field seismology in critical zone hydrological sciences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T15:12:52.682494","indexId":"70274600","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-06T10:07:37","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23777,"text":"Comptes Rendus. 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Advances in seismic sensing, including distributed acoustic sensing and low-cost geophone networks, have enabled high-resolution monitoring of hydrological processes, subsurface deformation, and seismic hazards. Integrating seismic data with hydrological models provides insights into water storage, pore pressure changes, and soil moisture dynamics. However, limitations in spatial resolution, calibration with ground truth data, and coupled effects between environmental factors remain key challenges. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in refining methodologies, enhancing sensor deployments, and addressing data gaps. Passive seismic monitoring offers opportunities to understand critical zone processes and their broader impacts on seismic hazards and environmental sustainability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academie des Sciences, Institut de France","doi":"10.5802/crgeos.310","usgsCitation":"Denolle, M.A., Shi, Q., Clements, T., Viens, L., Rodriguez-Tribaldos, V., and Cotton, F., 2025, Ambient field seismology in critical zone hydrological sciences: Comptes Rendus. Géoscience, v. 357, p. 425-451, https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.310.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"451","ipdsId":"IP-181097","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.310","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denolle, Marine A.","contributorId":345689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denolle","given":"Marine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shi, Qibin","contributorId":369115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Qibin","affiliations":[{"id":49969,"text":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clements, Timothy Hugh 0000-0001-6632-1796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6632-1796","contributorId":350753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"Timothy Hugh","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Viens, Loic","contributorId":362345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viens","given":"Loic","affiliations":[{"id":48588,"text":"Los Alamos National Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodriguez-Tribaldos, Veronica","contributorId":369117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Tribaldos","given":"Veronica","affiliations":[{"id":87725,"text":"GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg 14473 Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cotton, Fabrice","contributorId":264167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotton","given":"Fabrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70272060,"text":"70272060 - 2025 - Diel and spatial variability in cyanobacterial composition, gene abundance, and toxin concentration: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-14T16:31:39.166686","indexId":"70272060","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-06T09:26:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diel and spatial variability in cyanobacterial composition, gene abundance, and toxin concentration: A pilot study","docAbstract":"We designed a pilot field study to assess relations between sunlight, cyanobacteria, and cyanotoxins. In 2021, we collected day (07:00 h, 10:00 h, 13:00 h, 16:00 h) and night samples (19:00 h, 22:00 h, 01:00 h, 04:00 h) at two locations in Kabetogama Lake, MN, USA. One sample set was collected from the lakeward end of a boat dock and the other on the nearby shoreline. Cyanobacterial phylogenetic eDNA differences over 24 h (pseudo F = 2.0938, p = 0.127) were not significant. Copies of anatoxin (anaC) and microcystin (mcyE) synthetase genes varied significantly over the sampling times at the dock (Friedman Χ2 = 15.01, df = 7, p = 0.036; Friedman Χ2 = 19.22, df = 7, p = 0.008) and the shoreline (Friedman Χ2 = 19.33, df = 7, p = 0.007; Friedman Χ2 = 20.56, df = 7, p = 0.005), with the highest anaC counts occurring during the night for both sites. Additionally, the highest total and dissolved microcystin concentrations occurred at night. Despite the proximity of the sampling locations, cyanobacterial phylogenetic eDNA results indicate that the variability between sites (pseudo-F = 27.547, p = 0.001) were greater than temporal differences over 24 h (pseudo F = 2.0938, p = 0.127). Understanding the effect of diel and spatial variability may help researchers and resource managers make informed decisions about sampling and potential exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-18453-5","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V., Katona, L.R., LeDuc, J.F., Maki, R.P., Olds, H., Smith, J.C., and Trompeter, H., 2025, Diel and spatial variability in cyanobacterial composition, gene abundance, and toxin concentration: A pilot study: Scientific Reports, v. 15, 34734, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18453-5.","productDescription":"34734, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159489","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18453-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Kabetogama Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.88007417752388,\n 48.44937256738547\n ],\n [\n -92.88007417752388,\n 48.422380750562496\n ],\n [\n -92.82383108449349,\n 48.422380750562496\n ],\n [\n -92.82383108449349,\n 48.44937256738547\n ],\n [\n -92.88007417752388,\n 48.44937256738547\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria 0000-0003-4166-7461","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":220548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katona, Leon R. 0000-0001-5323-1871","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1871","contributorId":331458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katona","given":"Leon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeDuc, Jaime F.","contributorId":362078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LeDuc","given":"Jaime","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":86459,"text":"Surfrider Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":362079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olds, Hayley T. 0000-0002-6701-6459 htolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6459","contributorId":215837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olds","given":"Hayley","email":"htolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, James C.","contributorId":362080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"James","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":949950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trompeter, Hailey Elizabeth 0009-0007-6855-5642","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6855-5642","contributorId":358493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trompeter","given":"Hailey Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":949951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70272115,"text":"70272115 - 2025 - Modeling diverse environmental responses of reservoirs to floating photovoltaic systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-17T16:13:07.875496","indexId":"70272115","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-06T09:06:52","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5362,"text":"Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling diverse environmental responses of reservoirs to floating photovoltaic systems","docAbstract":"Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are emerging as a promising strategy for large-scale clean energy production worldwide. 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These findings underscore the importance of considering local environmental contexts when assessing FPV impacts. While large-scale FPV systems offer potential benefits for climate mitigation, their ecological effects, particularly on thermally sensitive biota, require careful site-specific evaluation to avoid unintended consequences to local freshwater biodiversity.
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University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Christina Amy 0000-0002-3467-6610","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-6610","contributorId":335232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christina","email":"","middleInitial":"Amy","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henkel, Sarah K.","contributorId":362167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henkel","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272206,"text":"70272206 - 2025 - Submarine groundwater discharge creates cold‐water refugia that can mitigate exposure of heat stress in nearshore corals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-19T15:22:46.012205","indexId":"70272206","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-06T08:18:38","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3912,"text":"Frontiers in Marine Science","onlineIssn":"2296-7745","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine groundwater discharge creates cold‐water refugia that can mitigate exposure of heat stress in nearshore corals","docAbstract":"Coral reef mortality around the world is accelerating due to human activities and rising sea temperatures that cause bleaching, which is expected to become more frequent. Our ability to predict which corals will be most resilient, however, remains limited due to insufficient information characterizing nearshore temperature and habitat conditions. In this study, we examine how submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) reduces nearshore water temperatures and exposure of corals to heat stress, complementing the understanding that SGD can adversely affect coral when it contains elevated nutrient concentrations. Data from fixed nearshore sensors and vertical depth profiles along ~100 km of the western shoreline of the Island of Hawai’i from 2003 to 2014 demonstrate that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can reduce nearshore water temperatures by 1 °C–5°C and create estuarine-like conditions with salinities as low as 20 PSU, where the prevalent coral species, Pocillopora meandrina, Porites lobata, and Montipora capitata, thrive. Time-series temperature records reveal that exposure to high ambient ocean temperatures, which are known to initiate bleaching events, are reduced up to 5%–46% of the time. Coral health surveys indicated coral bleaching in response to moderately high annual temperatures in 2010 and 2011, with more colonies affected farther from cold, SGD-fed waters. Synthesis of these results, along with coral response data following the more extreme marine heat wave of 2014–2015, demonstrates lower coral loss and greater coral recovery near groundwater seeps, particularly those with higher flux and influence on reducing nearshore water temperatures. Our results demonstrate that SGD may therefore provide a beneficial ecosystem service and enhance coral reef resilience, particularly where human-related nutrient additions to groundwater can be mitigated. The implications of our findings are relevant across tropical coasts where groundwater inputs can be substantial, such as the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific, and contribute to improving our understanding of coral sensitivity to gradients in temperature and nutrient stress. Improved management of groundwater resources could thus be vital to local–regional strategies for mitigating future heat stress.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1621298","usgsCitation":"Grossman, E.E., Oberle, F.K., and Storlazzi, C.D., 2025, Submarine groundwater discharge creates cold‐water refugia that can mitigate exposure of heat stress in nearshore corals: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 12, 1621298, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1621298.","productDescription":"1621298, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171287","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1621298","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.2635053313267,\n 20.047841438604692\n ],\n [\n -156.2635053313267,\n 19.356827231562278\n ],\n [\n -155.7474414544975,\n 19.356827231562278\n ],\n [\n -155.7474414544975,\n 20.047841438604692\n ],\n [\n -156.2635053313267,\n 20.047841438604692\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, Eric E. 0000-0003-0269-6307 egrossman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-6307","contributorId":196610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"Eric","email":"egrossman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberle, Ferdinand K.J. 0000-0001-8871-3619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-3619","contributorId":214402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberle","given":"Ferdinand","middleInitial":"K.J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":213610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273139,"text":"70273139 - 2025 - Assessing flood water infiltration and storage in a restored floodplain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-16T15:30:48.761523","indexId":"70273139","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-05T09:20:35","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23098,"text":"Hydological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing flood water infiltration and storage in a restored floodplain","docAbstract":"In urban areas, floodplain restoration is gaining prominence as a strategy for restoring the natural functions of floodplain ecosystems and reducing flood risk. This has spurred research into potential interactions between floodwaters, the hyporheic zone, and the floodplain aquifer. An urban restored stream in Wisconsin, USA, was used as a case study to examine four methods to estimate floodplain infiltration and storage during overbank floods. We characterised flood-related infiltration over a 4-year period from 2018 through 2021 by simultaneously and continuously measuring groundwater levels and vertical temperature profiles with stream water levels linked to high-resolution flood inundation maps. High-resolution topographic data helped to quantify surface floodplain storage and the unsaturated soil volume relative to flood stage. Infiltration estimates from the simple methods align well with those from the more complex methods; however, the complex methods provide additional insights about the factors influencing infiltration. Results from all methods indicate that the volume of water that vertically infiltrates during floods is likely small relative to the total volume of the flood, with 0.08%–0.52% of flood water infiltrating into the floodplain, on average. Spatially variable vertical hydraulic gradients, driven by flood depth, groundwater level, and permeability, imply heterogeneous patterns of infiltration across the floodplain. Gradients favourable for infiltration typically occurred during the onset of flooding but, over the study period, were mostly (98% of the time) favourable for groundwater discharge to the channel (non-flood periods). These findings highlight the importance of considering surface-groundwater dynamics, floodplain soils, and unsaturated floodplain volume in defining the benefits of floodplain infiltration for flood attenuation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70281","usgsCitation":"Corson-Dosch, N., Fitzpatrick, F., Juckem, P., Blount, J.D., and Ha, W.S., 2025, Assessing flood water infiltration and storage in a restored floodplain: Hydological Processes, v. 39, no. 10, e70281, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70281.","productDescription":"e70281, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141807","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Underwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.047778,\n 43.047222\n ],\n [\n -88.047778,\n 43.0375\n ],\n [\n -88.043333,\n 43.0375\n ],\n [\n -88.043333,\n 43.047222\n ],\n [\n -88.047778,\n 43.047222\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corson-Dosch, Nicholas 0000-0002-6776-6241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-6241","contributorId":202630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corson-Dosch","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Juckem, Paul 0000-0002-3613-1761 pfjuckem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3613-1761","contributorId":214445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"Paul","email":"pfjuckem@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blount, James D. 0000-0002-0006-3947 jblount@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-3947","contributorId":200231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blount","given":"James","email":"jblount@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ha, Wonsook S. 0000-0002-7252-698X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7252-698X","contributorId":266139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ha","given":"Wonsook","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70273513,"text":"70273513 - 2025 - Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T14:31:14.015253","indexId":"70273513","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-05T07:43:15","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7593,"text":"Volcanica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks","docAbstract":"Automation using deep learning methods is a useful alternative to manual methods of petrographic segmentation, but often requires user familiarity with coding and/or algorithms. We examine the DragonflyTM program's deep learning tools for application by users with a variety of skill levels as a method for petrographic image segmentation. An image processing methodology, bimodal image stacking, was created for low-input-data, high-efficacy training of models which can then be applied to varied samples. Using backscatter electron images we show that the resulting model segmentations agree with manual segmentation total and modal crystallinity values within 5%, and calculated plagioclase crystal size distribution (CSD) values within 2σ, despite limitations in discriminating mafic phases. Model creation and training takes <24 hours, 1–3 hours of which are supervised, and the resultant model can then be applied to new uncharacterized samples in <15 minutes per image. This allows for non-experts to create and utilize deep learning models to segment images of variable brightness and texture, at low user-time cost and resulting in size and shape data which are within uncertainty of manual segmentation. While some limitations are noted (for example, sieve-textured phases may need manual correction, and different minerals with similar BSE intensity may not be resolved as separate phases), this methodology can be utilized for general application of models to wide ranges of volcanic crystalline and bubble textures, and to create a library of models for rapid petrological analysis during volcanic eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"OJS/PKP","doi":"10.30909/vol/gsfc1696","usgsCitation":"Halverson, B.A., Loewen, M.W., Dietterich, H., and Whittington, A., 2025, Case study of deep learning image segmentation for the purposes of rapid 2D petrographic analysis in volcanic rocks: Volcanica, v. 8, no. 2, p. 427-443, https://doi.org/10.30909/vol/gsfc1696.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"427","endPage":"443","ipdsId":"IP-168707","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498931,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol/gsfc1696","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bogoslof Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.2081935551017,\n 55.01025512098417\n ],\n [\n -169.2081935551017,\n 53.07434331835552\n ],\n [\n -165.56066240589334,\n 53.07434331835552\n ],\n [\n -165.56066240589334,\n 55.01025512098417\n ],\n [\n -169.2081935551017,\n 55.01025512098417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halverson, Brenna A. 0009-0009-7766-7384","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7766-7384","contributorId":365304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halverson","given":"Brenna","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":87127,"text":"University of Texas San Antonio","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loewen, Matthew W. 0000-0002-5621-285X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-285X","contributorId":213321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loewen","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R. 0000-0001-7898-4343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343","contributorId":212771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whittington, Alan 0000-0003-2477-3043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-3043","contributorId":365305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittington","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":87127,"text":"University of Texas San Antonio","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273938,"text":"70273938 - 2025 - Pre-Acadian tectonics of the eastern Orange-Milford Belt, south-central Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-18T15:29:02.070069","indexId":"70273938","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-03T09:18:40","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Pre-Acadian tectonics of the eastern Orange-Milford Belt, south-central Connecticut","docAbstract":"This excursion presents a reinterpretation of mapping and new analytical data from the eastern Orange-Milford belt (OMB) in south-central Connecticut. The OMB is a fault-bound terrane of argillites and mafic rocks of anomalously low metamorphic grade—and of poorly constrained ages and tectonic affinity—wedged between kyanite/sillimanite-grade peri- Laurentian rocks to the west and anatectic peri-Gondwanan rocks to the east (Fig. 1A). Our data demonstrate that Ordovician(?) igneous and sedimentary rocks of the OMB were variably metamorphosed in the Ordovician and Silurian but escaped regionally pervasive, high-grade Devonian and later metamorphism. Previous interpretations (Fritts 1963a, 1965a, 1965b; Burger, 1967; Burger and others, 1968; Rodgers, 1985) described these rocks as a conformable sequence of low-grade, Ordovician to Devonian metasediments and metavolcanics. Our results reveal that the “metavolcanics” are not extrusive rocks but rather slivers of lower oceanic crust with complicated high- and low-grade metamorphic fabrics, intruded by a swarm of Silurian sheeted basalt dikes, and in fault contact with the surrounding metasediments. The purpose of this trip is to show evidence of early Paleozoic (Taconic) deformation and metamorphism preserved in rocks of the eastern OMB. These rocks remained shallow, cool, and sufficiently dry during the regionally dominant Acadian and Alleghanian orogenies to have avoided significant overprinting. As such, these rocks serve as windows into a geologic history otherwise unavailable between anatectic rocks of the peri-Gondwanan Bronson Hill, Avalon, and Gander terranes east of the Hartford basin and sillimanite-grade rocks of the peri-Laurentian Hartland and gneiss dome belts west of the OMB. We present major and trace element geochemistry including rare-earth element patterns for all mafic units in the eastern OMB as well as 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of amphibole, muscovite, and K-feldspar from rocks of the Maltby Lakes complex (of Deasy and others, 2017), Savin Schist, and Wepawaug Schist. Our evidence demonstrates that the units of the OMB have been assembled by faulting or intrusion, and that no stratigraphic relationships exist between the argillaceous schists and the metaigneous rocks.
","conferenceTitle":"The 116th Annual Meeting of the New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference","conferenceDate":"October 3-5, 2025","conferenceLocation":"New Haven, CT","language":"English","publisher":"New England Intercollegiate Geologic Conference","usgsCitation":"Deasy, R.T., Wintsch, R.P., Wathen, B., McAleer, R.J., Meyer, R., and Kunk, M.J., 2025, Pre-Acadian tectonics of the eastern Orange-Milford Belt, south-central Connecticut, The 116th Annual Meeting of the New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, New Haven, CT, October 3-5, 2025, 28 p.","productDescription":"28 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180844","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500140,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":500131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.neigc.info/event-details/trip-c-tectonic-slivers-of-oceanic-crust-sheeted-dikes-and-sheared-gabbros-in-the-eastern-orange-milford-belt-connect"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Orange-Milford Belt","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.19443061248478,\n 41.40182493381846\n ],\n [\n -73.19443061248478,\n 41.14678441229245\n ],\n [\n -72.93204746185228,\n 41.14678441229245\n ],\n [\n -72.93204746185228,\n 41.40182493381846\n ],\n [\n -73.19443061248478,\n 41.40182493381846\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deasy, Ryan T. 0000-0002-7530-803X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-803X","contributorId":299762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deasy","given":"Ryan","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wintsch, Robert P. 0000-0002-1969-5514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-5514","contributorId":366404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wintsch","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":86055,"text":"Indiana University emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wathen, Bryan","contributorId":148990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wathen","given":"Bryan","affiliations":[{"id":17608,"text":"Indiana Univesity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Romain","contributorId":148991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Romain","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17609,"text":"Deutsche GeoForchungsZentrum Potsdam","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J.","contributorId":366405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70272077,"text":"70272077 - 2025 - Magma fragmentation and tephra deposition from a small-volume phreatomagmatic eruption: Blue Lake crater, Oregon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-14T16:06:29.946987","indexId":"70272077","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-03T08:46:28","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magma fragmentation and tephra deposition from a small-volume phreatomagmatic eruption: Blue Lake crater, Oregon, USA","docAbstract":"Maars pose considerable hazards due to their more explosive nature (compared with more common scoria cones) and likelihood that eruptions produce pyroclastic surges. Blue Lake crater is a maar in the Oregon High Cascades that erupted within the last 3000 years, making it one of the youngest eruptions in the Oregon Cascades. Its young, unaltered deposits make it an excellent site to examine the relationship between fragmentation processes and ash characteristics. This paper presents an extensive data set of grain size, componentry, texture, particle morphology, and surface features for 23 samples from 17 layers from Blue Lake crater to better understand fragmentation style and eruptive dynamics over the course of the eruption. We present detailed stratigraphy from 22 tephra pits and analyze tephra samples following a standardized method. An improved isopach map and a new isopleth map show the extensive, ENE-trending fallout and surge deposits. Based on the tephra sheet, the eruption can be divided into three phases, starting with a phreatomagmatic phase that produced laterally extensive, lithic-rich fallout deposits and excavated the initial crater. The middle phase of the eruption produced phreatomagmatically fragmented intercalated fallout and surge deposits. The eruption closed with coarse grained fallout deposits with a declining lithic content, indicating a shift towards a hybrid or phreato-Strombolian style. This detailed examination of the deposits leads to a more nuanced explanation of the eruption and fragmentation dynamics, which contribute to a better understanding of maar eruption processes and hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s00445-025-01857-6","usgsCitation":"Leiter, S., Ross, P., and Johnson, E.R., 2025, Magma fragmentation and tephra deposition from a small-volume phreatomagmatic eruption: Blue Lake crater, Oregon, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, no. 87, 92, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-025-01857-6.","productDescription":"92, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-175655","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Blue Lake crater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.87499438259134,\n 44.522898198963645\n ],\n [\n -121.87499438259134,\n 44.51967210758181\n ],\n [\n -121.87067741535604,\n 44.51967210758181\n ],\n [\n -121.87067741535604,\n 44.522898198963645\n ],\n [\n -121.87499438259134,\n 44.522898198963645\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"87","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leiter, Sophia","contributorId":362099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leiter","given":"Sophia","affiliations":[{"id":86462,"text":"Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, Pierre-Simon","contributorId":362100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Pierre-Simon","affiliations":[{"id":86462,"text":"Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Emily Renee 0000-0002-7967-6913","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7967-6913","contributorId":269628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"Renee","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70272967,"text":"70272967 - 2025 - UAS and high-resolution satellite imagery improve the accuracy of cheatgrass detection across an invaded Yellowstone landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T14:57:10.87794","indexId":"70272967","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-03T07:48:38","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UAS and high-resolution satellite imagery improve the accuracy of cheatgrass detection across an invaded Yellowstone landscape","docAbstract":"Context
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) is a problem across the western United States, where it outcompetes and replaces native grass species, alters habitats, and increases the risk of wildfires. Cheatgrass greens up earlier in the growing season compared to native grasses, making it classifiable with multi-temporal and multi-spectral remote sensing.
Objectives
We mapped cheatgrass at different scales in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem using 10-m Sentinel-2 imagery, 3-m PlanetScope, and 10-cm Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) imagery. We compared these maps to field-collected data to address 1) variation in seasonal phenological signals of native and cheatgrass patches, 2) the influence of scale on detectability and map accuracy across our study area.
Results
Model accuracy to predict cheatgrass presence increased with imagery resolution and ranged from 83% using 10-m Sentinel-2 to 94% with the integration of PlanetScope and UAS imagery. While there was spatial agreement across models, the fusion of UAS data with satellite sources allowed the detection of small cheatgrass with more precision. Our novel use of NExR and dNExR (a redness and differenced redness index) data in the classification of cheatgrass capitalizes on the senescence of cheatgrass during peak summer periods where cloud free imagery is more prevalent.
Conclusions
Our satellite and UAS-based models of cheatgrass prediction compare the fusion of very high resolution imagery and phenological time differencing to identify infested areas. Tradeoffs between accuracy and expense lead to important questions for management applications.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10980-025-02200-2","usgsCitation":"Kreitler, J.R., Von Nonn, J.W., Munson, S.M., Zaideman, A.C., Bekedam, S.T., Rodman, A., and Villarreal, M., 2025, UAS and high-resolution satellite imagery improve the accuracy of cheatgrass detection across an invaded Yellowstone landscape: Landscape Ecology, v. 40, 189, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02200-2.","productDescription":"189, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171263","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-025-02200-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Gardiner","otherGeospatial":"northern gate to Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.74822627648368,\n 45.036818856935014\n ],\n [\n -110.74822627648368,\n 44.9980588003821\n ],\n [\n -110.6517700780241,\n 44.9980588003821\n ],\n [\n -110.6517700780241,\n 45.036818856935014\n ],\n [\n -110.74822627648368,\n 45.036818856935014\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kreitler, Jason R. 0000-0002-0243-5281 jkreitler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-5281","contributorId":4050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreitler","given":"Jason","email":"jkreitler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Von Nonn, Joshua W. 0009-0003-7251-7308","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7251-7308","contributorId":332293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Nonn","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":220026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zaideman, Alex C.","contributorId":363745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zaideman","given":"Alex","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bekedam, Steven T.","contributorId":363746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekedam","given":"Steven","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodman, Ann","contributorId":150932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodman","given":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":951921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":214980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274009,"text":"70274009 - 2025 - Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-23T17:34:57.783598","indexId":"70274009","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-02T10:29:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter","docAbstract":"Collared pikas (Ochotona collaris) are cold adapted alpine lagomorphs of western Canada and Alaska, USA, that are vulnerable to direct and indirect effects of climate change. However, how and to what extent such changes influence persistence for this species is not well understood, particularly at fine spatial scales. Our goal was to evaluate how microclimate and microhabitat characteristics influence occupancy of collared pikas. We quantified thermal conditions during both summer and winter to test hypotheses about potential drivers of pika persistence. We recorded den occupancy and territory characteristics, including in situ measurements of den microclimate, across three study areas with contrasting climate gradients in southcentral and interior Alaska during 2017–2022. We examined changes in pika den occurrence by estimating annual colonization and extinction rates with a Bayesian dynamic occurrence model with forage availability, rock size, and multiple den temperature metrics as the explanatory variables. Our top model indicated that daily maximum temperature during both summer and winter best predicted den persistence and larger rocks had a moderating effect on warm summer den temperatures. This information helps to advance understanding about the mechanistic links between climate and population persistence for small mammal species under a rapidly changing arctic climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2025.2502161","usgsCitation":"Harrison, L.A., Christie, K.S., Brandt, C., Falcy, M.R., Gilbert, S.L., Rachlow, J.L., 2025, Mechanisms influencing thermal refuges and territory occupancy by collared pikas during summer and winter: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 57, no. 1, 2502161, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2025.2502161.","productDescription":"2502161, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179160","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2025.2502161","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500431,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.45653673679158,\n 62.833897716435274\n ],\n [\n -154.87402485631074,\n 60.0726821448782\n ],\n [\n -149.37753560622093,\n 60.9339172578167\n ],\n [\n -141.32845624709518,\n 59.98407037941388\n ],\n [\n -140.91038491440708,\n 62.78570300568498\n ],\n [\n -148.1580130001717,\n 64.18918315969188\n ],\n [\n -155.45653673679158,\n 62.833897716435274\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Lillian A.","contributorId":366637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"Lillian","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christie, Katherine S.","contributorId":366638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christie","given":"Katherine","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Collette","contributorId":366639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Collette","affiliations":[{"id":87498,"text":"Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falcy, Matthew Richard 0000-0002-3332-2239","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-2239","contributorId":288500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falcy","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gilbert, Sophie L.","contributorId":366640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"Sophie","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":87499,"text":"Vibrant Planet PBC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rachlow, Janet L.","contributorId":366641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rachlow","given":"Janet","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70272669,"text":"70272669 - 2025 - Monitoring Pacific walrus coastal haulouts by satellite to estimate herd abundance and distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-07T17:33:27.413096","indexId":"70272669","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-02T10:23:23","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring Pacific walrus coastal haulouts by satellite to estimate herd abundance and distribution","docAbstract":"The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) has a single, panmictic stock that ranges across the Bering and Chukchi Seas. However, its seasonal distribution is incompletely described, particularly in autumn when herds gather on shore, and abundance is of interest to management entities. We monitored walrus herds using satellite imagery on shore across their summer and autumn range in the Chukchi Sea to provide insights on seasonal distribution and abundance. During each study year (2017–2024), we documented walrus herd abundance at 8 Chukchi Sea haulouts based on the herd area detected in satellite imagery multiplied by herd density estimates derived from aerial survey data. In contrast to historical seasonal use, we found large herds on shore at only 3 sites, 1 in Alaska and 2 in northern Chukotka (Russia). In 2022, we observed a very large herd with an abundance (and 90% prediction interval) of 184,000 (min–max = 153,000–214,000) northwest of the Bering Strait, which enabled us to estimate a minimum population size (Nmin) by correcting the abundance estimate by the proportion of walruses that may be hauled out and available for detection. Our estimate of 250,000 was commensurate with the Nmin estimate (214,000) from a 2013–2017 Pacific walrus genetic mark-recapture study.
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To better understand potential streamflow trends over time, the U.S. Geological Survey completed a study comparing low flows at continuous- and partial-record streamgages in New Jersey between a historical period (1950–79) and a current period (1990–2019). Fourteen statistics (one median for each of the twelve monthly minimum 1-day flows, minimum 7-day average streamflow with a 10-year recurrence interval, and median of the daily mean flows for the month of September) were calculated to evaluate how streamflow conditions may differ between the two time periods. Percent change was also calculated to better understand the magnitude of difference between the periods at individual streamgages. A Paired Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was implemented to test for a change in distribution between the two time periods for each statistic of interest. Results indicated that the median of the minimum 1-day flows for the months of January, February, June, September, and December and the median of the daily mean flows for the month of September had a statistically significant difference in distribution between the time periods for continuous-record streamgages. None of the statistics had a statistically significant difference in distribution for the partial-record streamgages. The largest percent changes between time periods occurred in the northern part of the state, above the Fall Line. Precipitation, land cover, and water use changes were assessed to contribute to the understanding of these differences between time periods. The median of the minimum 1-day flows for the months of January and December generally increased across the state, whereas the median of the minimum 1-day flows for the months of May and September generally decreased throughout the state.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255061","collaboration":"New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.M., Sullivan, S.L., Suro, T.P., Collenburg, J.V., McHugh, A.R., and Shourds, J.L., 2025, Statistical streamflow comparison of current and historical 30-year periods for selected streams in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5061, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255061.","productDescription":"Report, ix, 40 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-164588","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497794,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_118975.htm"},{"id":496622,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IGMJGU","text":"USGS Data 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
The National Land Cover Database (NLCD), developed through the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium, was initiated 30 years ago and has continually provided critical, Landsat-based landcover and land-change information for the United States. Originally launched to address the lack of national-scale, moderate-resolution land-cover data, NLCD has evolved from the pioneering 1992 dataset into a comprehensive, annually updated product suite. Key innovations include the introduction of impervious surface mapping, forest canopy mapping, standardized Landsat mosaics, national-scale accuracy assessments, continual evolution of deep learning and artificial intelligence methodologies, and a transition toward operational, change-focused monitoring. The NLCD has become an essential resource for scientific research, land management, and policy development, with extensive adoption across federal, state, and local agencies; academia; and the private sector. The NLCD data underpin a wide array of applications, including biodiversity conservation, urban planning, hydrology, human health studies, and natural hazard assessment. As new global and high-resolution commercial land-cover products emerge, the NLCD continues to distinguish itself through its temporal depth, federal backing, and thematic consistency. Moving forward, the NLCD will maintain its niche as the leading, moderate-resolution, long-term land-cover and land-change dataset for the United States, ensuring continued support for broad national applications while complementing higher-resolution and global-mapping efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.14358/PERS.25-00121R2","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T.L., Jin, S., Dewitz, J., Wickham, J., Brown, J.F., Stehman, S., Herold, N., Schleeweis, K., Tollerud, H.J., and Deering, C., 2025, Thirty years of the U.S. National Land Cover Database: Impacts and future direction: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, v. 91, no. 10, p. 647-659, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.25-00121R2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"647","endPage":"659","ipdsId":"IP-180474","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jin, Suming 0000-0001-9919-8077 sjin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-8077","contributorId":4397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Suming","email":"sjin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewitz, Jon 0000-0002-0458-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-212X","contributorId":222454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewitz","given":"Jon","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wickham, James","contributorId":140259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wickham","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12657,"text":"EPA NEIC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stehman, Stephen","contributorId":39747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehman","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herold, Nathaniel","contributorId":140258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herold","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12641,"text":"NOAA NMFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schleeweis, Karen","contributorId":169308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schleeweis","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tollerud, Heather J. 0000-0001-9507-4456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-4456","contributorId":210820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollerud","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Deering, Carol 0000-0003-3565-6264 cdeering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3565-6264","contributorId":3001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deering","given":"Carol","email":"cdeering@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70274044,"text":"70274044 - 2025 - Fitness consequences of catastrophic wildfire are mitigated by behavioral responses of an iconic bird","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-24T15:02:57.568821","indexId":"70274044","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T10:07:44","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fitness consequences of catastrophic wildfire are mitigated by behavioral responses of an iconic bird","docAbstract":"Drought, human disturbance, and invasive species are reshaping disturbance regimes and increasing the scale, severity, and frequency of wildfire in many ecosystems around the globe, including the sagebrush steppe of western North America. Recent studies suggested greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) adhere to strong site fidelity in the aftermath of wildfire, remaining inside fire perimeters for nesting and brood rearing despite negative consequences for survival and reproduction. Sage-grouse in Idaho exhibited context-dependent changes to space use after a large, high-severity fire that burned > 40,000 ha, yet the specific behavioral responses to fire and their fitness consequences remain unclear. We used data collected from 269 hens over a 6-year period under a multi-level before-after-control-impact design to test the hypothesis that sage-grouse mitigated fitness consequences of high-severity wildfire through adaptive behavioral responses and spatial redistribution.
We tested predictions deduced from our hypothesis at the population and individual levels using behavioral, demographic, and life history data, including nesting metrics, brood-rearing metrics, hen survival, and body mass at capture. Fifteen of 16 predictions were supported, demonstrating that post-fire space use and avoidance of the burn was adaptive and helped mitigate fitness effects of the fire. Short-term consequences included elimination of nesting and brood rearing habitat and subsequent shifts to the distribution of usable space. Yet fitness consequences were minimal because of behavioral flexibility employed by hens during nesting and brood rearing.
Behavioral responses to wildfire by sage-grouse are more flexible than has been described, and sage-grouse demonstrated resilience by rapidly adapting space use to avoid short-term consequences of catastrophic fire when high-quality habitat remained adjacent to the burn and within their seasonal range. Our results imply behavioral and fitness consequences of fire are context-dependent and likely impacted by attributes of the fire and surrounding landscape after disturbance. Furthermore, among-study differences in behavioral and fitness outcomes of sage-grouse after fire supported underappreciated predictions from both fire ecology and site fidelity theory, and suggest conditions where behavioral flexibility should be expressed, and fidelity relaxed, based on severity of disturbance, landscape context, and species mobility.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s42408-025-00391-2","usgsCitation":"Stevens, B.S., Conway, C.J., Roberts, S.B., Englestead, D.K., 2025, Fitness consequences of catastrophic wildfire are mitigated by behavioral responses of an iconic bird: Fire Ecology, v. 21, 54, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00391-2.","productDescription":"54, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-169334","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500603,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-025-00391-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Bryan S.","contributorId":171809,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Shane B.","contributorId":338986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36224,"text":"Idaho Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Englestead, Devin K.","contributorId":366830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Englestead","given":"Devin","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":37086,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70272610,"text":"70272610 - 2025 - Spatiotemporal overlap of mallards with poultry farms is associated with greater risk of avian influenza wild bird spillover events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-24T16:13:28.896732","indexId":"70272610","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T10:07:34","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatiotemporal overlap of mallards with poultry farms is associated with greater risk of avian influenza wild bird spillover events","docAbstract":"Animal movement influences local transmission and geographic spread of pathogens. Waterfowl are known reservoirs of pathogens, including H5 goose/Guangdong lineage (H5 GsGd) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This HPAI virus lineage causes high rates of morbidity and mortality in domestic poultry and many wild bird species. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are a generalist waterfowl species whose habitat largely overlaps with many other waterfowl and are considered effective spillover vectors of HPAI. To investigate the potential contribution of waterfowl to HPAI spillover, we used mallards as a proxy and measured the spatiotemporal overlap of 183 GPS-tagged mallards during 2021–2022 with respect to confirmed wild bird spillover events in United States (U.S.) poultry farms. Additionally, we estimated the probability of HPAI spillover events as a function of mallard overlap and poultry farm type. We found infrequent overlap instances between mallards and poultry farms; however, several of these overlap instances lasted > 5 days and up to 19 days. Population-level overlap with poultry farms was greatest during pre-breeding migration, followed by the breeding season. The probability of HPAI spillover was predicted to be greatest for commercial turkey farms, followed by backyard poultry farms. Importantly, farms overlapped by mallards were more than twice as likely to experience a spillover (i.e., increased risk probability), even in the absence of known mallard infection status at the time of overlap. These findings suggest that mallards (and/or other waterfowl) may be important contributors to HPAI spillover into poultry farms and that additional biosecurity measures may be needed. Because few instances of overlap occurred between mallards and farms with reported spillover events, tagged mallards are likely a proxy for other untagged waterfowl. Further studies of wild waterfowl interactions with poultry farms could improve understanding of how landscape characteristics influence spatial overlap, potentially informing which premises may require enhanced biosecurity measures.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72221","usgsCitation":"Cullen, J.A., Masto, N.M., Sullivan, J.D., Highway, C., Patyk, K.A., McCool, M., Torchetti, M.K., Lantz, K., Poulson, R., Carter, D., Feddersen, J., Cohen, B.S., and Prosser, D.J., 2025, Spatiotemporal overlap of mallards with poultry farms is associated with greater risk of avian influenza wild bird spillover events: Ecology and Evolution, v. 15, no. 10, e72221, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72221.","productDescription":"e72221, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-171232","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":496831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"northwest Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.28286191440344,\n 36.49028636519512\n ],\n [\n -90.12564166360227,\n 36.49028636519512\n ],\n [\n -90.12564166360227,\n 35.224526094303684\n ],\n [\n -88.28286191440344,\n 35.224526094303684\n ],\n [\n -88.28286191440344,\n 36.49028636519512\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cullen, Joshua Alexander 0000-0002-8226-9198","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-9198","contributorId":363009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullen","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masto, Nicholas M.","contributorId":316648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masto","given":"Nicholas","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35244,"text":"Tennessee Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, Jeffery D. 0000-0002-9242-2432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-2432","contributorId":265822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Highway, Cory","contributorId":316652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Highway","given":"Cory","affiliations":[{"id":68664,"text":"Tennessee Technical University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patyk, Kelly A.","contributorId":139696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patyk","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCool, Mary-Jane","contributorId":347273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCool","given":"Mary-Jane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36658,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Torchetti, Mia Kim","contributorId":363012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torchetti","given":"Mia","middleInitial":"Kim","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lantz, Kristina","contributorId":317920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantz","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":69192,"text":"National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Poulson, Rebecca L.","contributorId":198807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulson","given":"Rebecca L.","affiliations":[{"id":7125,"text":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Carter, Deborah","contributorId":213914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[{"id":38928,"text":"University of Georgia Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Feddersen, Jamie","contributorId":329381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feddersen","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13408,"text":"Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Cohen, Bradley S.","contributorId":171513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cohen","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":950921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Prosser, Diann J. 0000-0002-5251-1799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-1799","contributorId":221167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prosser","given":"Diann","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70273490,"text":"70273490 - 2025 - Update to a management-focused population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-20T16:12:22.264469","indexId":"70273490","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T10:01:58","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5134,"text":"NOAA Technical Memorandum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NMFS-NE-337","title":"Update to a management-focused population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales","docAbstract":"We provide an update to the recently published population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). The update includes improvements to the reproduction modeling and also shares additional context given evidence of reduced mortality indicated by recent population monitoring. Projections from the analysis are used to quantify simulated population sizes across 100 years and resulting quasi-extinction probabilities (falling below 50 mature females that have proven ability to reproduce) to compare hypothetical scenarios related to management of threats and changing environmental conditions. Under a status quo scenario reflecting conditions of 2019, prior to the enactment of new regulations by the U.S. and Canada, the North Atlantic right whale population would be expected to continue to fall, with a median decline of 88 percent (95% projection interval, –98 percent to –45 percent change) and a probability of falling below 50 proven females (i.e., quasi-extinction) of 0.988 at 100 years. In hypothetical scenarios that fully remove each of the three primary threats to right whales one at a time, removal of the entanglement threat alone reduces the probability of falling below 50 proven females in 100 years to 0.070; removal of the vessel strike threat alone reduces it to 0.522; and a return to historical prey abundance patterns (pre-2010), but with both human-related threats still in place, reduces it to 0.524. Although additional baseline scenarios were explored to examine the potential effects of recent regulations, we found that the most up-to-date mortality rates (2020–2022) are similar to those simulated under a 70% reduction in severe entanglement injury compared to rates estimated during 2013–2019. If management measures implemented in the U.S. and Canada continue to reduce mortality, the estimated probability of falling below 50 proven females in 100 years is 0.234. Our model continues to provide a tool for assessing North Atlantic right whale recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"NOAA","doi":"10.25923/0xdp-8s42","usgsCitation":"Linden, D., Runge, M., Hostetler, J.A., Borggaard, D., Garrison, L., Knowlton, A., Lesage, V., Williams, R., and Pace III, R., 2025, Update to a management-focused population viability analysis for North Atlantic right whales: NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-337, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.25923/0xdp-8s42.","productDescription":"29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181288","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Linden, Daniel","contributorId":199671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linden","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":214737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, J. A. 0000-0003-3669-1758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1758","contributorId":11319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":953920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borggaard, Diane","contributorId":244380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borggaard","given":"Diane","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garrison, Lance","contributorId":244391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garrison","given":"Lance","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knowlton, Amy R.","contributorId":352046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knowlton","given":"Amy R.","affiliations":[{"id":37373,"text":"New England Aquarium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lesage, Véronique","contributorId":352276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesage","given":"Véronique","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. 0000-0002-2973-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-8493","contributorId":203802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","affiliations":[{"id":36721,"text":"USGS-Emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pace III, Richard","contributorId":365205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace III","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":38698,"text":"NOAA Fisheries","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70272617,"text":"70272617 - 2025 - Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-25T14:13:35.991175","indexId":"70272617","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T09:44:09","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska","docAbstract":"This study employs a multi-method analytical approach to characterize the mineralogical, geochemical, and textural properties of fault rocks from the Pogo gold mine in the Yukon-Tanana Upland, central Alaska. Specifically, we examine cataclasites, to document the structural and geochemical evolution of shear zones and their associations with gold mineralization. \nTo investigate the shear zone, we integrate portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), scanning electron microscopy-based automated mineralogy (SEM-AM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) mapping. These methods collectively provide insights into bulk and trace element chemistry, mineralogical composition, and deformation-related textures across multiple scales. Handheld pXRF enables rapid geochemical screening, guiding SEM-AM and XRD analyses to ensure consistent mineralogical interpretation. X-ray diffraction identifies and quantifies crystalline phases, while SEM-AM produces high-resolution mineral maps, revealing mineral abundances, grain-scale textures, and gold associations. Micro-XRF mapping further refines our understanding by showing visual trace element distributions at sub-millimetre resolution.\nBy integrating these techniques, we improve our understanding of the nature and geochemistry of Pogo shear zones, their role in gold mineralization, and support metallurgical processing strategies. This approach enhances exploration models and resource characterization for structurally complex gold deposits.","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA)","usgsCitation":"Pfaff, K.I., Kasprowicz, F., Caine, J., Benzel, W., and Lowers, H.A., 2025, Combining scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize shear zones at the Pogo gold deposit, Alaska, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 3, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 1157-1160.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1160","ipdsId":"IP-176764","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-sga.org/publications/conference-proceedings"},{"id":496827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pfaff, Katharina I. 0000-0002-6605-2722","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-2722","contributorId":362430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfaff","given":"Katharina","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kasprowicz, Filip","contributorId":363040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasprowicz","given":"Filip","affiliations":[{"id":86594,"text":"Center to Advance the Science of Exploration to Reclamation in Mining, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":950953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benzel, William 0000-0002-4085-1876 wbenzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4085-1876","contributorId":3594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benzel","given":"William","email":"wbenzel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70272182,"text":"70272182 - 2025 - One hundred ninety-nine dead birds: Review of the scientific basis of ecological incident reporting requirements for pesticide registrants under Fifra § 6(A)(2)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T15:41:36.861691","indexId":"70272182","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T09:37:38","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1088,"text":"Buffalo Environmental Law Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"One hundred ninety-nine dead birds: Review of the scientific basis of ecological incident reporting requirements for pesticide registrants under Fifra § 6(A)(2)","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates pesticide use in the United States. The EPA is charged by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) with ensuring that a pesticide will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. Incident reports (documentation of exposure and injury from pesticide applications) can serve as a reality check on the pesticide registration decisions made by the EPA scientists and risk managers. The EPA collects incident reports on human, domestic animal, and ecological injury. The FIFRA section 6(a)(2) rule requires the pesticide registrant (generally, the company or other entity that wishes to market the pesticide, hereafter registrant) to submit such data to the EPA.
The EPA’s ecological incident category includes injuries to aquatic (fish), terrestrial (wildlife), other non-target organisms (ONT, e.g., invertebrates) and plants. Our document focuses on the fish and wildlife ecological incidents that are submitted by registrants. We critique the application of the FIFRA section 6(a)(2) rule that controls the quality and quantity of ecological incident data that the EPA receives from registrants. We conclude that the section 6(a)(2) provisions can impede the transfer of ecological incident data from registrant to the EPA. Consequently, detailed data for many fish and wildlife incidents may never reach the EPA, and policies and decisions may be formulated in the absence of these data.
","language":"English","publisher":"University at Buffalo School of Law","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N.B., and Palmer, C., 2025, One hundred ninety-nine dead birds: Review of the scientific basis of ecological incident reporting requirements for pesticide registrants under Fifra § 6(A)(2): Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, v. 31, 63 p.","productDescription":"63 p.","ipdsId":"IP-154414","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":496572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/belj/vol31/iss1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, Nimish B. 0000-0003-0191-1319 nvyas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":4494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"Nimish","email":"nvyas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, Cynthia","contributorId":362357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmer","given":"Cynthia","affiliations":[{"id":86509,"text":"Moms Clean Air Force, c/o Environmental Defense Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70275124,"text":"70275124 - 2025 - Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to advance Chesapeake Bay research and management: A review of status, challenges, and opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-16T14:39:30.495872","indexId":"70275124","displayToPublicDate":"2025-10-01T09:30:41","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24003,"text":"STAC Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"25-005","title":"Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to advance Chesapeake Bay research and management: A review of status, challenges, and opportunities","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay and its watershed (hereafter “Chesapeake Bay region”) have been the focus of extensive restoration efforts for several decades. These restoration efforts are guided by the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement (Chesapeake Executive Council 2014) which outlines 10 goals and 31 measurable outcomes. The Chesapeake Bay is globally recognized as a model for coastal restoration due to long-term investments in monitoring, modeling, implementation and research by the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) partnership. These monitoring network spans tidal and non-tidal regions and provides data across multiple scales. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine-learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing large, complex datasets. These techniques have gained widespread adoption across various disciplines, including ecology, hydrology, and environmental science. In the Bay context, AI/ML is increasingly being used to explore drivers of environmental change, analyze system dynamics, and predict conditions in areas with limited monitoring.
The CBP partnership, particularly its Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC), has increasingly recognized the growing role of AI/ML in watershed and estuarine management. Recent Chesapeake Community Research Symposium sessions and initiatives such as the Chesapeake Global Collaboratory highlight increasing regional momentum to apply big data and AI/ML for environmental solutions. Together, these developments underscore the timely need to explore how AI/ML can help advance Chesapeake Bay restoration and management.
This STAC workshop, titled “Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning to Advance Chesapeake Bay Research and Management: A review of status, challenges, and opportunities,” was held from February 24-25, 2025, in Edgewater, Maryland to bring together over 50 federal, state, and academic scientists and partners to synthesize the current state of AI/ML applications and identify research gaps in Chesapeake Bay research and management. The workshop focused on three main objectives:
1. Summarize recent AI/ML applications and lessons learned in both tidal and nontidal areas of the Chesapeake Bay region.
2. Identify challenges and gaps in applying AI/ML approaches to Chesapeake Bay data. Such challenges and gaps may include data limitations, harmonization issues, ineffective communication of AI/ML insights, and a lack of coordination among research and management institutions.
3. Develop recommendations and identify opportunities for leveraging AI/ML to address issues across the Chesapeake Bay region. Key areas of focus may include generating new information to support watershed management, delivering AI/MLgenerated insights to managers in a clear and actionable way, and fostering greater collaboration among stakeholders within the CBP Partnership.
Workshop participants engaged in science presentations and breakout sessions to develop recommendations for advancing the integration of AI/ML techniques into research and management across the Chesapeake Bay region. By synthesizing current applications, identifying challenges, and exploring new opportunities, the workshop has provided valuable insights and recommendations for better leveraging AI/ML approaches to support the success of Bay restoration efforts. Together, these recommendations provide a roadmap for enhancing data-driven, science-based decision making aligned with the goals and outcomes of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Chesapeake Bay Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Q., Baker, M., Bertani Isabella, Dennison, B., Linker, L.C., Maloney, K.O., Sabo, R.D., Shen, C., Shenk, G.W., Van Meter, K., and Cole, M., 2025, Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to advance Chesapeake Bay research and management: A review of status, challenges, and opportunities: STAC Publication 25-005, iv, 41 p.","productDescription":"iv, 41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183399","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":502893,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.chesapeake.org/stac/publications/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shen, Chaopeng","contributorId":152465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shen","given":"Chaopeng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Shenk, Gary W. 0000-0001-6451-2513","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-2513","contributorId":225440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Van Meter, Kim","contributorId":370050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van 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shifting tectonics and lithospheric conditions. Important deposit types in the province are calc-alkaline and Climaxtype porphyry; high-, medium-, and low-sulfidation epithermal; alkalic magmatic; carbonate replacement; tungsten skarn and vein; and sandstone uranium. Province wide, there is diachroneity from north to south among both ore-forming and magmatic events.
","conferenceTitle":"18th SGA Biennial Meeting","conferenceDate":"August 3-7, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Gaynor, S.P., Lund, K., Attia, S., Funk, J.A., Eastman, K., Rosera, J.M., Caine, J., and Anderson, E., 2025, Tertiary metallogeny of the Rocky Mountains Province, USA, 18th SGA Biennial Meeting, v. 1, Golden, CO, August 3-7, 2025, p. 9-12.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-176473","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":496824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":496809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.e-sga.org/publications/conference-proceedings"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -105,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -118,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaynor, Sean Patrick 0000-0002-8353-511X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-511X","contributorId":346264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaynor","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Attia, Snir 0000-0001-8582-8197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-8197","contributorId":344165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attia","given":"Snir","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Jonathan Andrew 0000-0001-7897-687X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-687X","contributorId":297164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eastman, Kyle","contributorId":361606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eastman","given":"Kyle","affiliations":[{"id":36941,"text":"Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":950874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosera, Joshua Mark 0000-0003-3807-5000","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-5000","contributorId":270284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosera","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan Saul 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":199295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan Saul","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":950876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, Eric D. 0000-0002-0138-6166 ericanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-6166","contributorId":172766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Eric","email":"ericanderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":950877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}