Rocks of the 23.1‐m.y.‐old Lake City caldera consist of the compositionally zoned Sunshine Peak Tuff, postcollapse intracaldera lava flows, and resurgent quartz syenite intrusions. Declinations of reversely magnetized (I = −45° to −75°) Sunshine Peak Tuff change from easterly (D = 93°–130°) throughout most of the tuff to southerly (D = 195°–207°) within the late eruptive phases. The postcollapse lava flows are also reversely magnetized, and their emplacement appears to have spanned resurgence of the caldera. In contrast, the uppermost levels of the resurgent intrusion record two distinct components of magnetization: a reversed component isolated by thermal demagnetization typically at temperatures greater than 400°C and a normal component defined by thermal demagnetization at lower temperatures. A baked‐contact test implies that emplacement and initial cooling of the intrusion occurred during a time of reversed polarity and that continued cooling at lower blocking temperatures took place during normal polarity. Assuming that the reversed directions of the extrusive and intrusive rocks record a single period of reversed polarity as suggested by the paleomagnetic and radiometric age data, the time for caldera development (from eruption of the ash flow tuffs to emplacement of the resurgent intrusion) was less than about 300,000 years on the basis of best estimates of durations of reversed polarities in the early Miocene. The estimated 300,000‐year time span for the development of the Lake City caldera is very close in duration to the radiometrically determined time spans of much younger (Pleistocene) calderas having similar dimensions and similar volumes of erupted material.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB09p09599","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Hudson, M., and Hon, K., 1986, Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B9, p. 9599-9613, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB09p09599.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"9599","endPage":"9613","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.0560302734375,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -105.8477783203125,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -105.8477783203125,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -108.0560302734375,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -108.0560302734375,\n 36.99816565700228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hon, Ken","contributorId":220212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121097,"text":"70121097 - 1986 - Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T14:24:48","indexId":"70121097","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T13:59:05","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna","docAbstract":"The avifauna of continental North America has changed dramatically since colonial times. Excessive hunting contributed, at least in part, to the extinction of birds such as the great auk (Pinguinus impennis) and passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), while more recently organochlorine insecticide residues have resulted in drastic reductions in numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) (Anderson et al. 1975) and other species. Generally, however, vertebrate populations change in direct response to changes in their habitats. For example, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) have increased in numners (Kadlec and Drury 1968) with urbanization of the New England coastline, in the same locations formerly occupied by the extinct heath hen (Tympanuchus cupido cupido). Also, passerine birds of forest interiors have declined in numbers with fragmentation of the eastern deciduous forest into small stands; this fragmentation has led to increases in numbers of edge species (Robbins 1979, Ambuel and Temple 1983). Even subtle community shifts can introduce new competitive processes that can augment population changes among species (Brittingham and Temple 1983). Such studies of broad-scale changes in vegetative communities and their influence on native wildlife species have fostered the recent topical emphasis on \"conservation biology\" (Soule and Wilcox 1980, Soule 1985) and \"landscape ecology\" (Burgess and Sharpe 1981, Harris 1984:25-43). As changes in landscapes are causing subtle (but potentially dramatic) changes in the distribution of native species, conservation biologists are finding that mere presence-absence data on populations, or even accurate information on reproductive success, is inadequate to evaluate management activities or environmental perturbations. The principles of \"conservation genetics\" are attracting interest in the management of natural preserves especially (Schonewald-Cox et al. 1983).
\nChanging patterns in landscape complexion or genetic makeup of a population are difficult to detect locally. Contemporary issues in the conservation of native species demand regional and continental perspectives (Samson and Knopf 1982). Thus, management activities at specific sites are often viewed as short-sighted by planners and conservation critics. This paper illustrates how these contemporary theories can influence a local conservation perspective. That perspective is developed around historical processes that have led to cosmopolitism of the local avifauna on the Colorado Division of Wildlife's South Platte Wildlife Management Area (SPWMA) near Crook, Colorado.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F., 1986, Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, no. 2, p. 132-142.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464c9e4b073ff773a7cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197499,"text":"70197499 - 1986 - Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:46:52","indexId":"70197499","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California","docAbstract":"The Western Cascade Series (WCS) is a 3.5‐km‐thick, crudely homoclinal (east dipping) calcalkaline volcanic sequence of mid‐Oligocene to early Miocene age that crops out near the southern tip of the Cascade Range in northern California. The mean direction of remanent magnetization in the WCS is D, 4.9°; I, 57.6° (N, 53; k, 14.4; α95, 5.3°). When compared to a reference direction for the North American craton, the WCS direction indicates that the southern Cascade Range has rotated 14.0° ± 9.0° since the WCS accumulated. A difference in mean direction between the lower and upper halves of the WCS suggests that much of this rotation occurred during the late Oligocene. Six other paleomagnetic studies of rock units of an age roughly comparable to the WCS also are available from western Oregon, northwestern California, and southwestern Washington. All show statistically significant clockwise rotation (inclinations of all but one are concordant). Comparison of directions indicates that the Pacific Northwest did not rotate as a rigid body, but neither did it behave as a collection of small, independently rotating domains. The amount of rotation found throughout the area increases to the west or northwest, suggesting a driving force for rotation operating at the continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB08p08219","usgsCitation":"Beck, M.E., Burmester, R.F., Craig, D.E., Gromme, C.S., and Wells, R., 1986, Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8219-8230, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB08p08219.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"8219","endPage":"8230","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.61360168457033,\n 41.85115059465234\n ],\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 41.85115059465234\n ],\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 41.996753126923714\n ],\n [\n -122.61360168457033,\n 41.996753126923714\n ],\n [\n -122.61360168457033,\n 41.85115059465234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Myrl E. Jr.","contributorId":60700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Myrl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burmester, Russell F.","contributorId":6083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burmester","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craig, Douglas E.","contributorId":205482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121080,"text":"70121080 - 1986 - Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:49:19","indexId":"70121080","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-01T12:56:29","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"We examined 63 specimens of Coluber constrictor from Colorado and Utah using eight external morphological characters that have been used to distinguish C. c. mormon from C. c. flaviventris. We grouped the snakes into three Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's) in a transect across the Rocky Mountains: the eastern Front Range foothills in Colorado; the inter-mountain region (western slope of Colorado and northeastern Utah); and the western foothills of the Wasatch Mountains in Utah. Statistically significant variation among the OTU's was discovered for ration of tail length to total length, number of central and subcaudal scales, and number of dentary teeth. However, variation is clinal with nearly complete overlap from one end f the transect to the other for each character, suggesting a wide zone of intergradiation in the inter-mountain region. We do not believe reported differences in reproductive parameters between Great Plains and Great Basin racers are sufficient grounds for recognition of species, because clutch size is both geographically variable and dependent on the environment. The distribution of C. constrictor is similar to that of other reptiles with transmontane distributions in the western United States, and we suggest two possible routes of dispersal across the Continental Divide in southwestern Wyoming. Thus, elevation of C. c. mormon to species status is not supported by morphological, reproductive, or zoogeographic evidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1986, Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains: Herpetologica, v. 42, no. 2, p. 258-264.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.96 ], [ -114.05,42.08 ], [ -101.98,42.08 ], [ -101.98,36.96 ], [ -114.05,36.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cde4b073ff773a7d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208741,"text":"70208741 - 1986 - Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T11:47:58","indexId":"70208741","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-01T11:07:56","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia","docAbstract":"In downtown Richmond, Va., a highly diatomaceous deposit contains a diatom assemblage in which 87 taxa have been identified. The diatoms indicate that this sedimentary unit is correlative with Lithologic Unit 19 of the Choptank Formation of middle Miocene age. Also in Richmond, a sedimentary unit correlated with the Eastover Formation overlies the Choptank Formation and contains a sparse diatom assemblage in which 24 taxa have been identified. The diatoms in this upper deposit form an assemblage that is distinctive from that of the Choptank Formation and is of late Miocene age. Both diatom assemblages are dominated by taxa indicating deposition in a littoral or shallow neritic marine environment. Although reasons for differences in diatom diversity and abundance between the two formations are obscure, these differences appear to reflect the greater primary productivity of diatoms in middle Miocene than in later Tertiary time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000022010","usgsCitation":"Andrews, G.W., 1986, Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, no. 2, p. 497-538, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000022010.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"538","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Richmond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.70492553710938,\n 37.38325280195101\n ],\n [\n -77.27371215820312,\n 37.38325280195101\n ],\n [\n -77.27371215820312,\n 37.65338320128765\n ],\n [\n -77.70492553710938,\n 37.65338320128765\n ],\n [\n -77.70492553710938,\n 37.38325280195101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, George William","contributorId":62995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014538,"text":"70014538 - 1986 - Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T16:23:43.113484","indexId":"70014538","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landforms","docAbstract":"The first accelerator radiocarbon dates of rock varnishes are reported along with potassium/argon ages of lava flows and conventional radiocarbon dates of pluvial lake shorelines, in an empirical calibration of rock varnish K+ + Ca2+/Ti4+ ratios with age in the Mojave Desert, eastern California. This calibration was used to determine the cation-ratio dates of 167 artifacts. Although cation-ratio dating is an experimental method, some dates suggest human occupation of the Mojave Desert in the late Pleistocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.231.4740.830","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dorn, R., Bamforth, D., Cahill, T., Dohrenwend, J.C., Turrin, B.D., Donahue, D., Jull, A., Long, A., Macko, M., Weil, E., Whitley, D., and Zabel, T., 1986, Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landforms: Science, v. 231, no. 4740, p. 830-833, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4740.830.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"830","endPage":"833","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"eastern California, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10107822219314,\n 35.63752245494534\n ],\n [\n -116.10107822219314,\n 34.317456232441515\n ],\n [\n -114.71218451844791,\n 34.317456232441515\n ],\n [\n -114.71218451844791,\n 35.63752245494534\n ],\n [\n -116.10107822219314,\n 35.63752245494534\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"231","issue":"4740","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cfe4b0c8380cd4b993","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorn, R.I.","contributorId":61172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorn","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bamforth, D.B.","contributorId":12209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bamforth","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, T.A.","contributorId":82862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohrenwend, J. C.","contributorId":40960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohrenwend","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donahue, D.J.","contributorId":22909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jull, A.J.T.","contributorId":79625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jull","given":"A.J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Long, A.","contributorId":25307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Macko, M.E.","contributorId":34274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macko","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weil, E.B.","contributorId":108258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weil","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whitley, D.S.","contributorId":36692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitley","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zabel, T.H.","contributorId":41971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabel","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":16427,"text":"ofr86313 - 1986 - Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T16:30:41.56629","indexId":"ofr86313","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T22:05:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-313","title":"Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","docAbstract":"During 1983-84, ground water from 63 wells located at 31 sites throughout, eastern Broward County, Florida, was sampled and analyzed to determine baseline water-quality conditions. The physical and chemical parameters analyzed included field measurements (pH and temperature), physical characteristics (color, turbidity, and specific conductance), major inorganic ions, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), selected trace metals, and total phenolic compounds. Ground-water samples were collected at the end of the dry season (April), during rising water levels (June and July), and during yearly peak water levels (September and October). These data are tabulated, by well, in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., and Cannon, F.L., 1986, Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-313, iii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86313.","productDescription":"iii, 68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45390,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/ofr86313.pdf","text":"Report","size":"878 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ],\n [\n -80.49339294433592,\n 26.327268243699777\n ],\n [\n -80.49888610839844,\n 25.949401131968656\n ],\n [\n -80.11711120605469,\n 25.9500185488265\n ],\n [\n -80.09170532226562,\n 26.191796007381587\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Using several isotopic techniques, we have determined the ages of selected metamorphic rocks in the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT) of east-central Alaska. U-Pb zircon data from an augen gneiss body in the Big Delta quadrangle indicate that the granitoid protolith of the gneiss was intruded 341 ± 3 m.y. ago (lower intercept age). An upper intercept age of 2,136 ± 31 m.y. indicates an inherited early Proterozoic component in these zircons. This inheritance age is substantiated by a Sm-Nd whole-rock model age of 2.09 ± 0.08 b.y. from the Big Delta augen gneiss body. Detrital zircons from quartzitic wall rocks to this body were also derived from an early Proterozoic (∼2.1 to 2.3 b.y. old) crustal source(s). Zircons from three other augen gneisses occurring in an east-west belt which extends into the southern Yukon Territory, Canada, have similar Mississippian and early Proterozoic intercept ages. A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron from widely separated bodies of augen gneiss has an age of 333 ± 26 m.y. and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.728 ± 0.002, confirming the Mississippian intrusive age for the protolith. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio further indicates an old crustal component in these rocks. A Rb-Sr mineral isochron (115 ± 4 m.y.), K-Ar data from hornblende and micas (128 to 107 m.y.), and U-Pb data from sphene (134. m.y.) from augen gneiss and related rocks are similar to many K-Ar ages in this region and confirm the occurrence of an early Cretaceous thermal event. U-Pb ages of zircons from three metavolcanic units in the YTT suggest that extrusion of the protoliths of these rocks occurred 360–380 m.y. ago. Scatter in the data is caused by ubiquitous inheritance and multiple lead-loss events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<626:GOAGAR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Dusel-Bacon, C., and Foster, H.L., 1986, Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska : Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 5, p. 626-637, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<626:GOAGAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"637","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Helen L.","contributorId":56195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186158,"text":"70186158 - 1986 - Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:34:09","indexId":"70186158","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5355,"text":"Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho","docAbstract":"Water budget and isotopic analyses of water in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system confirm that most, if not all, of the water is local meteoric in origin. Solute mass-balance arguments suggest that ∼5 × 109 moles of calcite and 2.6 × 109 moles of silica are precipitated annually in the aquifer. Isotopic evaluations of calcite and petrographic observation of silica support the low-temperature origin of these deposits. Approximately 2.8 × 109 moles of chloride, 4.5 × 109 moles of sodium, 1.4 × 109 moles of sulfate, and 2 × 109 moles of magnesium are removed annually from the aquifer framework by solution. Proposed weathering reactions are shown to be consistent with mass balance, carbon isotopes, observed mineralogy, and chemical thermodynamics. Large quantities of sodium, chloride, and sulfate are being removed from the system relative to their abundances in the rock. Sedimentary interbeds, which are estimated to compose <10% of the aquifer volume, may yield as much as 20% of the solutes generated within the aquifer. Weathering rate of the aquifer framework of the eastern Snake River Plain is 14 (Mg/km2)/yr or less than half the average of the North American continent. This contrasts with the rate for the eastern Snake River basin, 34 (Mg/km2)/yr, which is almost identical to the average for the North American continent. Identification and quantification of reactions controlling solute concentrations in ground water in the eastern plain indicate that the aquifer is not an “inert bathtub” that simply stores and transmits water and solutes but is undergoing active diagenesis and is both a source and sink for solutes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Low, W.H., 1986, Aqueous geochemistry and diagenesis in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system, Idaho: Bulletin, v. 97, no. 12, p. 1456-1466, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1456:AGADIT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1456","endPage":"1466","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -110.830078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -116.45507812500001,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1953e4b02ff32c699ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":687700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Low, Walton H.","contributorId":92672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Low","given":"Walton","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70181031,"text":"70181031 - 1986 - A sublittoral population of Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell and Saunders 1900 (Phaeophyceae: Laminariaceae) in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T09:04:30","indexId":"70181031","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1136,"text":"Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sublittoral population of Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell and Saunders 1900 (Phaeophyceae: Laminariaceae) in central California","docAbstract":"Published distributional records for the stipitate kelp Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell and Saunders 1900 (Phaeophyceae: Laminariaceae) indicae a geographic range from Montague Island (59°58’N, 147°22W), Alaska to Fort Bragg (39°27’N, 123°47’W), California (Druehl 1969, 1970; Kjeldsen 1972). P. gardneri is found primarily in rocky intertidal and shallow subtidal locations (Scagel 1967; Nicholson 1976). In California, populations of P. gardneri have been reported only from the lower rocky intertidal near Fort Bragg (Kjeldsen 1972).
On 7 and 8 July 1982 and 23 March 1984 we censused stipitate kelps during SCUBS dives at a site 2.3 km south southeast of Pt. Sierra Nevada (35°41’ N, 121°18’W). we counted kelps in 1 x 5-m plots along a 50-m tape laid across the bottom in an arbitrarily predetermined direction from the skiff anchor. We also measured water depth at 1-m intervals along the tape, using a SCUBA depth gauge. On 20 August 1982, we used the same tehniques to sample kelp densities at a site 2.4 km east southeast of Pt. Piedras Blancas (35°39’N, 121°15’W).
The most abundant kelps at the Pt. Sierra Nevada ste were Pterygophora californica Ruprect 1852 (Phaeophyceae: Alariaceae) and a species we tentatively identified as P. gardneri (Table 1). Based on specimens we collected on 8 July 1982, our field identification was subsequently confirmed by I. A. Abbot. Voucher specimens were placed in the Gilbert M. Smith Herbarium at Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southern California Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"VanBlaricom, G., Reed, D., Harrold, C., and Bodkin, J.L., 1986, A sublittoral population of Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell and Saunders 1900 (Phaeophyceae: Laminariaceae) in central California: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, v. 85, no. 2, p. 120-122.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"122","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scas.nhm.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a030a3e4b099f50d3e04fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R.","contributorId":39273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Daniel C.","contributorId":8008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Daniel C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrold, Christopher","contributorId":52501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrold","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":663385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":663386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001273,"text":"1001273 - 1986 - Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:10:42","indexId":"1001273","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","docAbstract":"Approximately 200 bald eagles wintered along a 370-km section of the Platte and North Platte rivers in Nebraska during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80. A preponderance of the wintering eagles were adults, with the adult:subadult ratio highest during the harsh winter of 1978-79. Nocturnal roosts were located primarily in tree plantings near the river, with mean tree age at the roosts ranging from 39 to 84 years. Bald eagles utilized a diverse prey base that included fish, birds, and mammals. Remains of 56 prey species were identified from pellets; 76% of pellets contained birds, 34% mammals, and 11% fish. Eagles foraged principally on fish when ice covered less than 80% of channels and water levels were moderate to low. Waterfowl and mammals dominated the diet when the river was almost entirely frozen or water levels were high. Mallards, eastern cottontails, and carp were the principal avian, mammalian, and piscine prey, respectively. Eagles traveled long distances from the river to feed on field-feeding waterfowl when alternate prey were not available. Fish were underrated in pellets because body components are more digestible than other major prey consumed.","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lingle, G., and Krapu, G., 1986, Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 65-78.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4956e4b07f02db595812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lingle, G.R.","contributorId":26648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lingle","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015057,"text":"70015057 - 1986 - Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:19:09.32694","indexId":"70015057","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona","docAbstract":"The remanent magnetization of volcanic rocks has been determined at 650 sites in the San Francisco volcanic field in the southern part of the Colorado Plateau. The polarity of remanent magnetization—combined with K-Ar age determinations, spatial and petrographic associations, stratigraphic relations, and state of preservation of the cinder cones—provides a basis for assignment to known magnetic polarity epochs of 610 mafic vents and >100 intermediate to silicic flows, flow sequences, and vents. The age assignments for basaltic rocks include 243 Brunhes (<0.73 Ma) vents, 220 Matuyama (0.73 to 2.48 Ma) vents, and 147 pre-Matuyama (2.48 to about 5.0 Ma) vents. Basaltic volcanism migrated northeastward before Matuyama time at a rate of ∼1.2 cm/yr and eastward (S87° ± 5°E) over the past 2.5 m.y. at a rate of 2.9 ± 0.3 cm/yr. Concomitant acceleration in total magma production (from 75 to 1,400 × 10−6 km3/yr) and frequency of basaltic eruptions (from 1 per 17,000 yr to 1 per 3,000 yr) occurred between 5 and 0.25 Ma. For the past 0.25 m.y., magma production (∼180 × 10−6 km3/yr) and perhaps eruption frequency have decreased. This evolutionary sequence, coupled with the lead and strontium-isotopic composition of the rocks, can be explained by magmatism caused by shear heating at the base of the lithosphere. We propose that this eastward drift of volcanic activity represents absolute westward motion of the North American plate. Our model is in agreement with a model in which the African plate is fixed to the deep mantle.
The occurrence of numerous oil-stained outcrops across the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northeastern Alaska indicates that commercial hydrocarbons could be present in the subsurface of this region. In addition, this region is flanked by two important oil provinces—the Prudhoe Bay area to the west and the Mackenzie delta to the east. To begin to understand the petroleum resource potential of ANWR, we evaluated the source rock quality and thermal maturity of five rock units ranging in age from Triassic to early Tertiary: Shublik Formation, Kingak Shale, pebble shale unit, Hue Shale and Canning Shale. We also compared ANWR oils using stable carbon isotope ratios, tricyclic terpane ratios, and saturate/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios.
The organic carbon content of the five rock units range from an average of 1.6 to 4.0 wt%. Cretaceous rocks from the coastal plain are thermally immature (vitrinite reflectance <0.5%) and in the southern mountains thermally mature to overmature (vitrinite reflectance 1.0–1.8%). In general, type III organic matter predominates in the Kingak Shale, pebble shale unit, and Canning Shale, and types II and III in the Hue Shale.
ANWR oils are divided into three groups: (1) Jago oil type, includes oils from Angun Point, Katakturuk River and Jago River; (2) Manning oil type, from Manning Point near the coast of the Beaufort Sea; and (3) Kavik oil type, from Kavik west of the Canning River. None of the three oil types of ANWR compares favorably with the economically important oils from Prudhoe Bay and the National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska (NPRA). The most promising source rock for the otherd ANWR oil types could not be type II units of the Hue Shale. Possible source rocks for the other ANWR oil types could not be established.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(86)90040-9","usgsCitation":"Anders, D., and Magoon, L.B., 1986, Oil-source correlation study in northeastern Alaska: Organic Geochemistry, v. 10, no. 1-3, p. 407-415, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(86)90040-9.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"415","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -152.4106716044714,\n 70.64154661082958\n ],\n [\n -152.4106716044714,\n 69.12495942352916\n ],\n [\n -141.0384473873988,\n 69.12495942352916\n ],\n [\n -141.0384473873988,\n 70.64154661082958\n ],\n [\n -152.4106716044714,\n 70.64154661082958\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d1be4b0c8380cd74f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anders, D.E.","contributorId":28960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":368913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014897,"text":"70014897 - 1986 - EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE ON GROUND-WATER QUALITY, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014897","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE ON GROUND-WATER QUALITY, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK.","docAbstract":"Artificial-recharge experiments were conducted at East Meadow in central Nassau County, Long Island, N. Y. , from October 1982 through January 1984, to evaluate the degree of ground-water mounding and chemical effects of artificially replenishing the ground-water system with tertiary-treated wastewater. Reclaimed water was provided by the Cedar Creek wastewater-treatment plant in Wantagh. Recharge with reclaimed water increased the concentration of sodium and chloride in ground water but lowered the concentrations of total nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite) and some low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Reclaimed water was well within the New York State effluent standards for ground-water recharge. Specific-conductance measurements and Stiff diagrams of chemical analyses were used to help define the extent and shape of the plume formed by reclaimed water.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Schneider, B.J., Ku, H.F., and Oaksford, E.T., 1986, EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE ON GROUND-WATER QUALITY, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 628-636.","startPage":"628","endPage":"636","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0458e4b0c8380cd5090d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, Brian J.","contributorId":55580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ku, Henry F. H.","contributorId":11258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ku","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oaksford, Edward T.","contributorId":82693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oaksford","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014574,"text":"70014574 - 1986 - The Valley and Ridge Province of eastern Pennsylvania - Stratigraphic and sedimentologic contributions and problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-15T18:00:34.57944","indexId":"70014574","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1782,"text":"Geological Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Valley and Ridge Province of eastern Pennsylvania - Stratigraphic and sedimentologic contributions and problems","docAbstract":"Many contributions that have led to a better understanding of Appalachian geology have resulted directly from work in the folded Appalachian Mountain and Great Valley sections of the Valley and Ridge physiographic province of eastern Pennsylvania. Disagreements have been common since H.D. Rogers first described the geology of the area in 1858. Many differing opinions still exist regarding the stratigraphy, structural geology, geomorphology, and glacial geology.
The rocks in the area, which range from Middle Ordovician to Late Devonian in age, are more than 25000 feet (7620 m) thick. This diversified group of sedimentary rocks was deposited in many different environments, ranging from deep sea, through neritic and tidal, to alluvial. In general, the Middle Ordovician through Lower Devonian strata are a sedimentary cycle related to the waxing and waning of Taconic tectonism. The sequence began with a greywacke-argillite suite (Martinsburg Formation) representing synorogenic basin deepening. This was followed by basin filling and pro-gradation of a sandstone-shale clastic wedge (Shawangunk Formation and Bloomsburg Red Beds) derived from the erosion of the mountains that were uplifted during the Taconic orogeny. The sequence ended with deposition of many thin units of carbonate, sandstone, and shale on a shelf marginal to a land area of low relief. Another tectonic-sedimentary cycle, related to the Acadian orogeny, began with deposition of Middle Devonian rocks. Deep-water shales (Marcellus Shale) preceded shoaling (Mahantango Formation) and turbidite sedimentation (Trimmers Rock Formation) followed by another molasse (Catskill Formation).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/gj.3350210306","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 1986, The Valley and Ridge Province of eastern Pennsylvania - Stratigraphic and sedimentologic contributions and problems: Geological Journal, v. 21, no. 3, p. 283-306, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350210306.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75,\n 40.79088997706049\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 41.15288667538479\n ],\n [\n -75.46708926943194,\n 41.161691042820394\n ],\n [\n -75.46708926943194,\n 40.857257289946034\n ],\n [\n -75.70096629347567,\n 40.852834868710715\n ],\n [\n -75.69511936787424,\n 40.72888724200587\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 40.73331792667565\n ],\n [\n -75,\n 40.79088997706049\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba973e4b08c986b322296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014565,"text":"70014565 - 1986 - Deglaciation of the mountainous region of northwestern Montana, U.S.A., as indicated by late Pleistocene ashes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:52:44","indexId":"70014565","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deglaciation of the mountainous region of northwestern Montana, U.S.A., as indicated by late Pleistocene ashes","docAbstract":"During the late Wisconsin glaciation, the mountainous regions of northwestern Montana were covered by glacial ice. Marias Pass, on the Continental Divide immediately south of Glacier National Park, was covered by a local ice field. This ice and that from other glaciers to the north and south flowed eastward onto the plains of Montana to form the Two Medicine Glacier, a large piedmont glacier that extended 55 km beyond the mountain front. The presence of the Glacier Peak G ash and the underlying St. Helens Jy ash in laminated lake sediments near Marias Pass indicates that in this region the Continental Divide was ice free before about 11,400 BP. Macrofossils, pollen, and spores in these same sediments indicate establishment of shrubs, herbs, and scattered conifers by that time. At Sun River Canyon, about 90 km south of Marias Pass, glaciers also flowed beyond the mountain front onto the plains to form the Sun River Glacier, another large piedmont glacier that extended beyond the mountain front for 25 km. The presence of the Glacier Peak G ash in a postglacial alluvial fan indicates that glacial ice had receded upvalley from the canyon mouth and that the Sun River Glacier no longer existed by 11,200 BP.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1550889","usgsCitation":"Carrara, P., Short, S.K., and Wilcox, R., 1986, Deglaciation of the mountainous region of northwestern Montana, U.S.A., as indicated by late Pleistocene ashes: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 18, no. 3, p. 317-325, https://doi.org/10.2307/1550889.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"325","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe53e4b0c8380cd4ec88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Short, S. K.","contributorId":6596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Short","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, R.E.","contributorId":107348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014525,"text":"70014525 - 1986 - Precambrian basement geology of North and South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T18:24:46.222553","indexId":"70014525","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precambrian basement geology of North and South Dakota","docAbstract":"Combined analysis of drill-hole, gravity, and magnetic data indicates that the buried Precambrian basement rocks of the Dakotas can be divided into several lithotectonic terranes. Eastern North Dakota and northeastern South Dakota are underlain by Archean gneiss. Except for the Black Hills region of South Dakota, where Archean rocks are also exposed, the western third of both Dakotas is underlain mainly by Early Proterozoic gneiss and metasedimentary rocks. Part of this region is underlain by Archean crust with an Early Proterozoic tectonic overprint. A broad transition zone of strongly overprinted Archean crust occurs between the Proterozoic rocks to the west and the Archean rocks to the east. South central South Dakota is underlain by an Early Proterozoic batholith. Early Proterozoic felsic volcanic rocks occur in southeast South Dakota. The bootheel portion of South Dakota contains a diverse assemblage of basement rocks that are partly Archean in age.Churchill Province rocks of the Trans-Hudson foldbelt project into the western Dakotas. The Thompson nickel belt and the Pickwitonei gneiss belt correlate with the western and eastern halves, respectively, of the transition between Archean and Proterozoic crust, and the Archean Glennie – Hanson Lake microcontinent of the Churchill Province likely extends into western North Dakota. Archean rocks of Minnesota extend into the eastern Dakotas, and the Wyoming craton extends to the Black Hills region. The Cheyenne foldbelt projects into southwest South Dakota. The Penokean foldbelt of Michigan and Wisconsin does not extend into the Dakotas, but it most likely extends into northwest Iowa.Tectonic evolution of the Early Proterozoic terrane in the Dakotas was most likely similar to plate tectonic models for the evolution of the Trans-Hudson foldbelt in the Churchill Province. As in the Churchill Province, the western Dakotas are underlain by Early Proterozoic rocks, but it is not known whether these rocks formed as a result of rifting and subsequent closure of a once extensive Archean crust or as a result of collision of once widely separated blocks of Archean crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e86-109","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Klasner, J.S., and King, E.R., 1986, Precambrian basement geology of North and South Dakota: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1083-1102, https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-109.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1083","endPage":"1102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota, South 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a80eee4b0c8380cd7b2b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klasner, J. S.","contributorId":66228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klasner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, E. R.","contributorId":93482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014493,"text":"70014493 - 1986 - Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:12:19","indexId":"70014493","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Mill Run watershed is a structurally‐controlled synclinal basin on the eastern limb of the Massanutten Mountain complex of northwestern Virginia. Bedrock contacts are obscured by coarse sandstone debris from exposures near basin divides. Colluvium blankets more than half the basin, masking geomorphic surfaces, affecting vegetation patterns, and contributing to the convexity of the alluvial, terrace, pediment and erosion surfaces. Examination of the bedrock geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation shows distinct distributional correspondences. Vegetation is strongly interdependent with geomorphology, bedrock geology, and soils. On convex colluvial slopes, mixed hardwood forests are most common. In concave coves and deep gorges, mixed hardwoods are replaced by conifers. In thin colluvium, in poorly developed soils, and on blockfields, chestnut oak is singularly prevalent. Conifers dominate shaley bedrock areas. Soils and surficial sediments have a major effect on near‐surface hydrology. During wet seasons, cemented horizons in the subsurface cause temporary saturation in the superjacent horizons; lateral movement of soil‐water effectively eliminates a vertical component of ground‐water recharge. Vegetation is strongly dependent on water availability and thus reflects the distribution of subsurface barriers and sediment‐soil fades changes.
The San Juan Islands of Washington State form a geologically complex province located between the north Cascades, Vancouver Island, and the Olympic Peninsula. We have obtained 53 fission-track dates from the San Juan Islands province that help constrain its late Paleozoic to early Cenozoic tectonic and sedimentary history and its relationship to neighboring geologic terranes. The San Juan Islands can be divided into two main blocks separated by the Haro fault. South of the Haro fault, complexly deformed, metamorphosed, and probably exotic early Paleozoic to early Late Cretaceous rocks form four imbricate thrust plates separated by south- and east-dipping late Early to Late Cretaceous thrust faults. Reset zircon fission-track dates indicate that thrusting may have produced an upside-down geothermal gradient in the uppermost plate, the Decatur terrane. If present, this gradient was probably produced by conductive or frictional heating associated with a now-eroded overlying thrust fault and hot thrust plate. Cretaceous thrusting in the southern San Juan Islands was accompanied by uplift and resetting of apatite fission-track dates. In contrast to correlative rocks of the southern San Juan Islands, Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous rocks in and north of the Haro fault zone are essentially unmetamorphosed and only broadly folded. Apatite dates from the Upper Triassic Haro Formation and the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Spieden Group indicate they did not participate in Late Cretaceous uplift of the southern San Juan Islands. Together with their basement (the Wrangellia terrane?), these rocks probably acted as a backstop to thrusting. The synorogenic Late Cretaceous Nanaimo basin formed north of the Haro fault in front of the advancing San Juan Islands thrust system. The age of Nanaimo deposition matches uplift (apatite) dates in the southern San Juan Islands, and detrital zircons from the Nanaimo Group yield dates consistent with southern San Juan Islands sources. Burial led to resetting of apatite dates in what is probably the deeper part of the Nanaimo basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e86-127","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Zimmerman, R., Naeser, C.W., and Whetten, J.T., 1986, Fission-track dating of the tectonic development of the San Juan Islands, Washington: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, no. 9, p. 1318-1330, https://doi.org/10.1139/e86-127.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1318","endPage":"1330","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"San Juan Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.03986234478636,\n 48.45420372262035\n ],\n [\n -123.01192042689229,\n 48.45190377164579\n ],\n [\n -122.97627039371784,\n 48.450625656554564\n ],\n 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]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10c4e4b0c8380cd53dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, R.A.","contributorId":64304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naeser, C. W.","contributorId":17582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naeser","given":"C.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whetten, J. T.","contributorId":26015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whetten","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014660,"text":"70014660 - 1986 - Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:32:06.716782","indexId":"70014660","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2307,"text":"Journal of Geological Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin","docAbstract":"The use of multichannel seismic-reflection profiles to study oceanic areas has advanced our understanding of deep crustal structure and the history of its development. Off eastern North America, where the structure of the continental margin is essentially constructional, seismic profiles have approximated geologic cross sections up to 10–15 km below the sea floor and revealed major structural and stratigraphic features that have regional hydrocarbon potential. These features include (a) a block-faulted basement hinge zone; (b) a deep, broad, rifted basement filled with clastic sediment and salt; and (c) a buried paleoshelf-edge complex that has many forms. The mapping of seismo-stratigraphic units over the continental shelf, slope, and rise has shown that the margin's developmental state included infilling of a rifted margin, buildup of a carbonate platform, and construction of an onlapping continental-rise wedge that was accompanied by eroison of the slope.
Correlation of seismic stratigraphy with well-log biostratigraphy reveals that the area experienced a gradual rise in sea level during the Mesozoic and an episodic sea-level fall during the Cenozoic. These long-term changes formed a subdued continental shelf-slope-rise transition in the early Tertiary and a steepened one in the Quaternary. Comparison of seismic and drill-hole data has also shown margin-wide unconformities similar to those shown by the Vail curve of coastal onlap and eustatic sea-level change, i.e., unconformities that provide markers to subdivide the sequences of reflections on the seismic-reflection profiles. Further, the termination of older key reflectors against oceanic basement gives us a corroborative check on the age of oceanic crust as determined from the magnetic anomalies produced by sea-floor-spreading.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72","issn":"00221368","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J.S., and Klitgord, K., 1986, Structure of the North American Atlantic Continental Margin: Journal of Geological Education, v. 34, no. 2, p. 72-89, https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480141,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-34.2.72","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225790,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c5ee4b08c986b31d3c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, J. S.","contributorId":68337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, K.K.","contributorId":41152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"K.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015671,"text":"70015671 - 1986 - Correlation between electron spin resonance spectra and oil yield in eastern oil shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T14:50:00.680958","indexId":"70015671","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation between electron spin resonance spectra and oil yield in eastern oil shales","docAbstract":"Organic free radical spin concentrations were measured in 60 raw oil shale samples from north Alabama and south Tennessee and compared with Fischer assays and uranium concentrations. No correlation was found between spin concentration and oil yield for the complete set of samples. However, for a 13 sample set taken from a single core hole, a linear correlation was obtained. No correlation between spin concentration and uranium concentration was found.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(86)90220-6","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Choudhury, M., Rheams, K., and Harrell, J., 1986, Correlation between electron spin resonance spectra and oil yield in eastern oil shales: Fuel, v. 65, no. 7, p. 1028-1029, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(86)90220-6.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1028","endPage":"1029","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223617,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.37456993153201,\n 32.702206801472116\n ],\n [\n -85.09985055454013,\n 32.72901501471566\n ],\n [\n -85.17534790477956,\n 32.89557581242053\n ],\n [\n -85.59058333109745,\n 34.97029118279818\n ],\n [\n -84.34487705214198,\n 34.97029118279818\n ],\n [\n -84.25050536434185,\n 35.070762130165775\n ],\n [\n -84.21275668922213,\n 35.2096717734008\n ],\n [\n -83.99572361762525,\n 35.2328003257619\n ],\n [\n -83.93910060494541,\n 35.40220816157148\n ],\n [\n -83.78810590446602,\n 35.4944627495977\n ],\n [\n -83.61823686642647,\n 35.525190770999345\n ],\n [\n -83.42949349082738,\n 35.548229068990395\n ],\n [\n -83.14637842742813,\n 35.70164852061998\n ],\n [\n -83.00482089572853,\n 35.73229707040622\n ],\n [\n -82.89157487036881,\n 35.87771660147956\n ],\n [\n -89.75239657340731,\n 35.92835190767221\n ],\n [\n -90.22425501240622,\n 35.43008027793503\n ],\n [\n -90.15819483094602,\n 35.18363664727461\n ],\n [\n -90.32806386898555,\n 35.0601335957857\n ],\n [\n -90.31862670020577,\n 34.975116694400214\n ],\n [\n -88.20470089349247,\n 34.99058088648353\n ],\n [\n -88.11032920569289,\n 34.85129807260124\n ],\n [\n -88.37456993153201,\n 32.702206801472116\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc29e4b0c8380cd4e15a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choudhury, M.","contributorId":6592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choudhury","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rheams, K.F.","contributorId":72063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rheams","given":"K.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrell, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":42360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrell","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015672,"text":"70015672 - 1986 - Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:44:22.006388","indexId":"70015672","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California","docAbstract":"Following the earthquake of April 18, 1906, it was discovered that a brick forebay and other parts of the reservoir outlet system were in the slip zone of the San Andreas fault. The original outlet through which water was directed to San Francisco consisted of two tunnels joined at the brick forebay; one tunnel extends 2,820 ft to the east under Bald Hill on Buri Buri Ridge, and the other tunnel intersects the lake bottom about 250 ft west of the forebay. In 1897 a second intake was added to the system, also joining the original forebay. During the present study the accessible parts of this original outlet system were examined with the hope of learning how the system had been affected by fault slip in 1906.","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.2.197","issn":"00045691","usgsCitation":"Pampeyan, E.H., 1986, Effects of the 1906 Earthquake on the Bald Hill Outlet System, San Mateo County, California: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 23, no. 2, p. 197-208, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xxiii.2.197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo 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Mateo\",\"state\":\"CA\"}}]}","volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045be4b0c8380cd50928","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pampeyan, Earl H.","contributorId":54698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pampeyan","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015055,"text":"70015055 - 1986 - Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T06:42:20","indexId":"70015055","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition","docAbstract":"The effects of acid deposition on surface waters in eastern United States watersheds having similar size, physiography, climate and land use are related to the composition of the underlying bedrock. Watersheds developed on greenstone, calcareous shale, sandstone, granite, and schist differ in their ability to neutralize acid deposition. Surface waters in watersheds developed on greenstone and calcareous shale are not discernably affected by acidification. Wastersheds developed on sand-stone have little capacity to neutralize acid rain; consequently, stream acidity is similar to that of precipitation. Watersheds developed on granite and schist are intermediate in their capacity to neutralize acid deposition. Bedrock composition appears to be the major property controlling surface-water chemistry in these systems; hydrologic flow paths and the nature of surficial materials and vegetation also influence chemical responses to acid deposition in watersheds.