{"pageNumber":"3401","pageRowStart":"85000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184914,"records":[{"id":70021901,"text":"70021901 - 1999 - The complex frequencies of long-period seismic events as probes of fluid composition beneath volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021901","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The complex frequencies of long-period seismic events as probes of fluid composition beneath volcanoes","docAbstract":"Long-period (LP) events have been widely observed in relation to magmatic and hydrothermal activities in volcanic areas. LP waveforms characterized by their harmonic signature have been interpreted as oscillations of a fluid-filled resonator, and mixtures of liquid and gas in the form of bubbly liquids have been mainly assumed for the fluid. To investigate the characteristic properties of the resonator system, we analyse waveforms of LP events observed at four different volcanoes in Hawaii, Alaska, Colombia and Japan using a newly developed spectral method. This method allows an estimation of the complex frequencies of decaying sinusoids based on an autoregressive model. The results of our analysis show a wide variety of Q factors, ranging from tens to several hundred. We compare these complex frequencies with those predicted by the fluid-filled crack model for various mixtures of liquid, gas and ash. Although the oscillations of LP events with Q smaller than 50 can be explained by various combinations of liquids and gases, we find that ash-laden gases are required to explain long-lasting oscillations with Q larger than 100. The complex frequencies of LP events yield useful information on the types of fluids. Temporal and spatial variations of the complex frequencies can be used as probes of fluid composition beneath volcanoes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Journal International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00911.x","issn":"0956540X","usgsCitation":"Kumagai, H., and Chouet, B., 1999, The complex frequencies of long-period seismic events as probes of fluid composition beneath volcanoes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 138, no. 2, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00911.x.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00911.x"},{"id":229275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa47e4b08c986b3227a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumagai, Hiroyuki","contributorId":71337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumagai","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021902,"text":"70021902 - 1999 - Synthesis of crustal seismic structure and implications for the concept of a slab gap beneath Coastal California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:12:39","indexId":"70021902","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of crustal seismic structure and implications for the concept of a slab gap beneath Coastal California","docAbstract":"Compilation of seismic transects across the central and northern California Coast Ranges provides evidence for the widespread tectonic emplacement beneath the margin of a slab of partially subducted oceanic lithosphere. The oceanic crust of this lithosphere can be traced landward from the former convergent margin (fossil trench), beneath the Coast Ranges, to at least as far east as the Coast Range/Great Valley boundary. Comparison of measured shear and compressional wave velocities in the middle crust beneath the Hayward fault with laboratory measurements suggests that the middle crust is a diabase (oceanic crust). Both of these observations are consistent with recent models of the high heat flow and age progression of Neogene volcanism along the Coast Ranges based on tectonic emplacement (stalling) of young, hot oceanic lithosphere beneath the margin, but appear to contradict the major predictions of the slab-gap or asthenospheric-window model. Finally, the Neogene volcanism and major strike-slip faults in the Coast Ranges occur within the thickest regions (>14 km thick) of the forearc, suggesting that the locations of Cenozoic volcanism and faulting along the margin are structurally controlled by the forearc thickness rather than being determined by the location of a broad slab gap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Geology Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1080/00206819909465142","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., ten Brink, U., and Abramovitz, T., 1999, Synthesis of crustal seismic structure and implications for the concept of a slab gap beneath Coastal California: International Geology Review, v. 41, no. 3, p. 263-274, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819909465142.","startPage":"263","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280870,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206819909465142"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba352e4b08c986b31fc69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abramovitz, T.","contributorId":67362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramovitz","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021903,"text":"70021903 - 1999 - Goose hunter opinions concerning proposed management actions to reduce the mid-continent population of lesser snow geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021903","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Goose hunter opinions concerning proposed management actions to reduce the mid-continent population of lesser snow geese","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Olsen, R., and Afton, A., 1999, Goose hunter opinions concerning proposed management actions to reduce the mid-continent population of lesser snow geese: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 27, no. 1, p. 109-114.","startPage":"109","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29afe4b0c8380cd5ab51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, R.E.","contributorId":85125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021904,"text":"70021904 - 1999 - Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021904","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca","docAbstract":"Standard methods for conducting toxicity tests imply that the condition of test organisms can be established using reference toxicity tests. However, only a limited number of studies have evaluated whether reference toxicity tests can actually be used to determine if organisms are in good condition at the start of a test. We evaluated the ability of reference toxicants to identify stress associated with starvation in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca using acute toxicity tests and four reference toxicants: KCl, CdCl2, sodium pentachlorophenate (NaPCP), and carbaryl. Stress associated with severe starvation was observed with exposure of amphipods to carbaryl or NaPCP but not with exposure to KCl or CdCl2 (i.e., lower LC50 with severe starvation). Although the LC50s for NaPCP and carbaryl were statistically different between starved and fed amphipods, this difference may not be biologically significant given the variability expected in acute lethality tests. Stress associated with sieving, heat shock, or cold shock of amphipods before the start of a test was not evident with exposure to carbaryl or KCl as reference toxicants. The chemicals evaluated in this study provided minimal information about the condition of the organisms used to start a toxicity test. Laboratories should periodically perform reference toxicity tests to assess the sensitivity of life stages or strains of test organisms. However, use of other test acceptability criteria required in standard methods such as minimum survival, growth, or reproduction of organisms in the control treatment at the end of a test, provides more useful information about the condition of organisms used to start a test compared to data generated from reference toxicity tests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"McNulty, E., Dwyer, F., Ellersieck, M.R., Greer, E., Ingersoll, C., and Rabeni, C., 1999, Evaluation of ability of reference toxicity tests to identify stress in laboratory populations of the amphipod Hyalella azteca: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 3, p. 544-548, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2.","startPage":"544","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206287,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<0544:EOAORT>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":229309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c39e4b0c8380cd52aad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNulty, E.W.","contributorId":45073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNulty","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellersieck, Mark R.","contributorId":80841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellersieck","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greer, E.I.","contributorId":38728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"E.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021905,"text":"70021905 - 1999 - Estimated solar wind-implanted helium-3 distribution on the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-08T12:22:44.055088","indexId":"70021905","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimated solar wind-implanted helium-3 distribution on the Moon","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Among the solar wind-implanted volatiles present in the lunar regolith, ³He is possibly the most valuable resource because of its potential as a fusion fuel. The abundance of ³He in the lunar regolith at a given location depends on surface maturity, the amount of solar wind fluence, and titanium content, because ilmenite (FeTiO<sub>3</sub>) retains helium much better than other major lunar minerals. Surface maturity and TiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>maps from Clementine multispectral data sets are combined here with a solar wind fluence model to produce a ³He abundance map of the Moon. Comparison of the predicted ³He values to landing site observations shows good correlation. The highest ³He abundances occur in the farside maria (due to greater solar wind fluence received) and in higher TiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>nearside mare regions.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998GL900305","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.R., Swindle, T.D., and Lucey, P.G., 1999, Estimated solar wind-implanted helium-3 distribution on the Moon: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 3, p. 385-388, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998GL900305.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0aa2e4b0c8380cd52402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. R.","contributorId":69278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swindle, T. D.","contributorId":68042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swindle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021906,"text":"70021906 - 1999 - Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021906","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite","docAbstract":"This study has yielded surface water paleotemperatures from primary fluid inclusions in mid Permian Nippewalla Group halite from western Kansas. A 'cooling nucleation' method is used to generate vapor bubbles in originally all-liquid primary inclusions. Then, surface water paleotemperatures are obtained by measuring temperatures of homogenization to liquid. Homogenization temperatures ranged from 21??C to 50??C and are consistent along individual fluid inclusion assemblages, indicating that the fluid inclusions have not been altered by thermal reequilibration. Homogenization temperatures show a range of up to 26??C from base to top of individual cloudy chevron growth bands. Petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence indicate that no significant pressure correction is needed for the homogenization temperature data. We interpret these homogenization temperatures to represent shallow surface water paleotemperatures. The range in temperatures from base to top of single chevron bands may reflect daily temperatures variations. These Permian surface water temperatures fall within the same range as some modern evaporative surface waters, suggesting that this Permian environment may have been relatively similar to its modern counterparts. Shallow surface water temperatures in evaporative settings correspond closely to local air temperatures. Therefore, the Permian surface water temperatures determined in this study may be considered proxies for local Permian air temperatures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Benison, K., and Goldstein, R., 1999, Permian paleoclimate data from fluid inclusions in halite: Chemical Geology, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 113-132, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2.","startPage":"113","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00127-2"},{"id":229341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76bee4b0c8380cd782c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benison, K.C.","contributorId":44687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benison","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000499,"text":"1000499 - 1999 - Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T11:19:37","indexId":"1000499","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history","docAbstract":"<p id=\"\">Coastal geomorphology along the Great Lakes has long been linked with lake-level history. Some of the most spectacular landforms along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan are high-relief dunes that mantle lake terraces. It has been assumed that these dunes developed during the Nipissing high stand of ancestral Lake Michigan. This hypothesis was tested through stratigraphic analyses and radiocarbon dating of buried soils at four sites between Manistee and Grand Haven, Michigan.</p>\n<p id=\"\">At each site, thick deposits of eolian sand overlie late-Pleistocene lacustrine sands. Moderately developed Spodosols (Entic Haplorthods) formed in the uppermost part of the lake sediments are buried by thick dune sand at three sites. At the fourth locality, a similar soil occurs in a very thin (1.3 m) unit of eolian sand buried deep within a dune. These soils indicate long-term (&sim; 4,000 years) stability of the lake deposits following subaerial exposure. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal in the buried sola indicates massive dune construction began between 4,900 and 4,500 cal. yr B.P. at the Nordhouse Dunes site, between 4,300 and 3,900 cal. yr B.P. at the Jackson and Nugent Quarries, and between 3,300 to 2,900 cal. yr B.P. at Rosy Mound. Given these ages, it can be concluded that dune building at one site occurred during the Nipissing high stand but that the other dunes developed later. Although lake levels generally fell after the Nipissing, it appears that dune construction may have resulted from small increases in lake level and destabilization of lake-terrace bluffs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70746-X","usgsCitation":"Arbogast, A.F., and Loope, W.L., 1999, Maximum-limiting ages of Lake Michigan coastal dunes: Their correlation with Holocene lake level history: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 25, no. 2, p. 372-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(99)70746-X.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"372","endPage":"382","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6101e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arbogast, Alan F.","contributorId":46475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021926,"text":"70021926 - 1999 - Subsurface gas offshore of northern California and its link to submarine geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021926","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface gas offshore of northern California and its link to submarine geomorphology","docAbstract":"The northern California continental margin contains evidence of abundant subsurface gas and numerous seafloor features that suggest a causative link between gas expulsion and geomorphology. Analyses of seismic reflection, sidescan sonar, and high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data show that the occurrence of subbottom gas and the migration processes beneath the shelf differ from those beneath the slope. Subsurface gas, inferred from enhanced reflectors and other geophysical indicators, is spatially variable and related more to total depth and stratigraphy than to underlying structure, with the exception of one band of gas that follows the regional structural trend. Shallow depressions on the seafloor (pockmarks) are used to infer expulsion sites. The largest zone of acoustically impenetrable subsurface gas occurs between water depths of 100 m and 300 m, where expulsion features are rare. The upper slope (water depths 400-600 m) has a high concentration of pockmarks (diameter 10-20 m), in contrast to a near-absence of pockmarks at water depths shallower than 400 m. Of nearly 4000 pockmarks observed on sidescan sonar records, more than 95% are located in water depths deeper than 400 m. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) on some seismic reflection profiles indicate the possible presence of gas hydrate. We find that gas and pore-fluid migration in the offshore Eel River Basin is: (1) correlated to surface morphology; (2) a contributor to seabed roughness; (3) a significant mode of sediment redistribution on the upper slope; and (4) potentially a factor in large slope failures.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00123-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Yun, J., Orange, D., and Field, M., 1999, Subsurface gas offshore of northern California and its link to submarine geomorphology: Marine Geology, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 357-368, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00123-6.","startPage":"357","endPage":"368","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00123-6"},{"id":229418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d67e4b08c986b31d821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yun, J.W.","contributorId":103932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yun","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orange, D.L.","contributorId":31814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orange","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021928,"text":"70021928 - 1999 - Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-02T15:03:25","indexId":"70021928","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands","docAbstract":"Grassland passerines were surveyed during summer 1995 on the Buffalo Ridge Wind Resource Area in southwestern Minnesota to determine the relative influence of wind turbines on overall densities of upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands. Birds were surveyed along 40 m fixed width transects that were placed along wind turbine strings within three CRP fields and in three CRP fields without turbines. Conservation Reserve Program grasslands without turbines and areas located 180 m from turbines supported higher densities (261.0-312.5 males/100 ha) of grassland birds than areas within 80 m of turbines (58.2-128.0 males/100 ha). Human disturbance, turbine noise, and physical movements of turbines during operation may have disturbed nesting birds. We recommend that wind turbines be placed within cropland habitats that support lower densities of grassland passerines than those found in CRP grasslands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","publisherLocation":"http://www.wilsonsociety.org","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Leddy, K., Higgins, K., and Naugle, D., 1999, Effects of wind turbines on upland nesting birds in Conservation Reserve Program grasslands: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 111, no. 1, p. 100-104.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266905,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v111n01/p0100-p0104.pdf"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0847e4b0c8380cd51a5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leddy, K.L.","contributorId":27629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leddy","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021930,"text":"70021930 - 1999 - Time-budgets of Common Murres at a declining and increasing colony in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T13:22:35.021875","indexId":"70021930","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-budgets of Common Murres at a declining and increasing colony in Alaska","docAbstract":"We observed Common Murres (Uria aalge) at two breeding sites in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska, to determine whether food availability was reflected in their time-budgets at each colony. Catches of forage fish in nets and relative biomass were greater around a murre colony that has been increasing for the past 25 years than around a colony that has been decreasing over the same time period. Murres spent much more time 'loafing' on their breeding ledges at the increasing colony, particularly during the incubation period and during evening hours. However, there was little or no difference between colonies in chick feeding rates, chick growth rates, or productivity. It appears that murres at the declining colony devote more time to foraging and have less discretionary time ashore. Because this had little apparent affect on their ability to feed and rear chicks, the population decline must be due to other factors. In any case, attendance time-budgets provide a more sensitive index of food availability than other breeding parameters at murre colonies.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1525/cond.2008.8440","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Zador, S., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Time-budgets of Common Murres at a declining and increasing colony in Alaska: Condor, v. 101, no. 1, p. 149-152, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2008.8440.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479586,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2008.8440","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3b7e4b08c986b325f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zador, Stephani","contributorId":60992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zador","given":"Stephani","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021176,"text":"70021176 - 1999 - Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:59:33.617181","indexId":"70021176","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake","docAbstract":"<div id=\"130406990\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Broadband teleseismic<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>waves have been analyzed to recover the rupture history of the large (<i>M<sub>S</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>7.4) Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, shallow interplate thrust earthquake of 9 October 1995. Ground-displacement records in the period range of 1-60 sec are inverted using a linear, finite-fault waveform inversion procedure that allows a variable dislocation duration on a prescribed fault. The method is applied using both a narrow fault that simulates a line source with a dislocation window of 50 sec and a wide fault with a possible rise time of up to 20 sec that additionally allows slip updip and downdip from the hypocenter. The line-source analysis provides a spatio-temporal image of the slip distribution consisting of several large sources located northwest of the hypocenter and spanning a range of rupture velocities. The two-dimensional finite-fault inversion allows slip over this rupture-velocity range and indicates that the greatest coseismic displacement (3-4 m) is located between 70 and 130 km from the hypocenter at depths shallower than about 15 km. Slip in this shallow region consists of two major sources, one of which is delayed by about 10 sec relative to a coherent propagation of rupture along the plate interface. These two slip sources account for about one-third of the total<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i>-wave seismic moment of 8.3 × 10<sup>27</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>dyne-cm (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>7.9) and may have been responsible for the local tsunami observed along the coast following the earthquake.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890051338","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., and Hartzell, S., 1999, Fault-slip distribution of the 1995 Colima-Jalisco, Mexico, earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 5, p. 1338-1344, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890051338.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1338","endPage":"1344","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Colima-Jalisco","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.78869116413276,\n              21.582530484506776\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.78869116413276,\n              18.46571607739685\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.24035132038269,\n              18.46571607739685\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.24035132038269,\n              21.582530484506776\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.78869116413276,\n              21.582530484506776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f21e4b0c8380cd537ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021932,"text":"70021932 - 1999 - A record of hydrocarbon input to San Francisco Bay as traced by biomarker profiles in surface sediment and sediment cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:46:58","indexId":"70021932","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A record of hydrocarbon input to San Francisco Bay as traced by biomarker profiles in surface sediment and sediment cores","docAbstract":"<p>San Francisco Bay is one of the world's largest urbanized estuarine systems. Its water and sediment receive organic input from a wide variety of sources; much of this organic material is anthropogenically derived. To document the spatial and historical record of the organic contaminant input, surficial sediment from 17 sites throughout San Francisco Bay and sediment cores from two locations Richardson Bay and San Pablo Bay were analyzed for biomarker constituents. Biomarkers, that is, 'molecular fossils', primarily hopanes, steranes, and n-alkanes, provide information on anthropogenic contamination, especially that related to petrogenic sources, as well as on recent input of biogenic material. The biomarker parameters from the surficial sediment and the upper horizons of the cores show a dominance of anthropogenic input, whereas the biomarker profiles at the lower horizons of the cores indicate primarily biogenic input. In the Richardson Bay core the gradual upcore transition from lower maturity background organics to a dominance of anthropogenic contamination occurred about 70-100 years ago and corresponds to the industrial development of the San Francisco Bay area. In San Pablo Bay, the transition was very abrupt, reflecting the complex depositional history of the area. This sharp transition, perhaps indicating a depositional hiatus or erosional period, dated at pre-1952, is clearly visible. Below, the hiatus the biomarker parameters are immature; above, they are mature and show an anthropogenic overlay. Higher concentrations of terrigenous n-alkanes in the upper horizons in this core are indicative of an increase in terrigenous organic matter input in San Pablo Bay, possibly a result of water diversion projects and changes in the fresh water flow into the Bay from the Delta. Alternatively, it could reflect a dilution of organic material in the lower core sections with hydraulic mining debris.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00088-7","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F., Pereira, W.E., Kvenvolden, K., VanGeen, A., Luoma, S., Fuller, C.C., and Anima, R., 1999, A record of hydrocarbon input to San Francisco Bay as traced by biomarker profiles in surface sediment and sediment cores: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 115-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00088-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e53ce4b0c8380cd46c12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021934,"text":"70021934 - 1999 - Test of two methods for faulting on finite-difference calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-18T00:51:15.990546","indexId":"70021934","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Test of two methods for faulting on finite-difference calculations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"130406838\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Tests of two fault boundary conditions show that each converges with second order accuracy as the finite-difference grid is refined. The first method uses split nodes so that there are disjoint grids that interact via surface traction. The 3D version described here is a generalization of a method I have used extensively in 2D; it is as accurate as the 2D version. The second method represents fault slip as inelastic strain in a fault zone. Offset of stress from its elastic value is seismic moment density. Implementation of this method is quite simple in a finite-difference scheme using velocity and stress as dependent variables.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0890040931","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Andrews, D., 1999, Test of two methods for faulting on finite-difference calculations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 89, no. 4, p. 931-937, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0890040931.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"937","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5a5e4b08c986b320b9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, D.J.","contributorId":7416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021935,"text":"70021935 - 1999 - Stochastic analysis of virus transport in aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T09:08:50","indexId":"70021935","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic analysis of virus transport in aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>A large-scale model of virus transport in aquifers is derived using spectral perturbation analysis. The effects of spatial variability in aquifer hydraulic conductivity and virus transport (attachment, detachment, and inactivation) parameters on large-scale virus transport are evaluated. A stochastic mean model of virus transport is developed by linking a simple system of local-scale free-virus transport and attached-virus conservation equations from the current literature with a random-field representation of aquifer and virus transport properties. The resultant mean equations for free and attached viruses are found to differ considerably from the local-scale equations on which they are based and include effects such as a free-virus effective velocity that is a function of aquifer heterogeneity as well as virus transport parameters. Stochastic mean free-virus breakthrough curves are compared with local model output in order to observe the effects of spatial variability on mean one-dimensional virus transport in three-dimensionally heterogeneous porous media. Significant findings from this theoretical analysis include the following: (1) Stochastic model breakthrough occurs earlier than local model breakthrough, and this effect is most pronounced for the least conductive aquifers studied. (2) A high degree of aquifer heterogeneity can lead to virus breakthrough actually preceding that of a conservative tracer. (3) As the mean hydraulic conductivity is increased, the mean model shows less sensitivity to the variance of the natural-logarithm hydraulic conductivity and mean virus diameter. (4) Incorporation of a heterogeneous colloid filtration term results in higher predicted concentrations than a simple first-order adsorption term for a given mean attachment rate. (5) Incorporation of aquifer heterogeneity leads to a greater range of virus diameters for which significant breakthrough occurs. (6) The mean model is more sensitive to the inactivation rate of viruses associated with solid surfaces than to the inactivation rate of viruses in solution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900059","usgsCitation":"Campbell Rehmann, L.L., Welty, C., and Harvey, R.W., 1999, Stochastic analysis of virus transport in aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 7, p. 1987-2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900059.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"2006","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9849e4b08c986b31bf5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell Rehmann, Linda L.","contributorId":15073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell Rehmann","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welty, Claire","contributorId":39416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021936,"text":"70021936 - 1999 - Sulfur-bearing coatings on fly ash from a coal-fired power plant: Composition, origin, and influence on ash alteration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-28T18:30:32.95995","indexId":"70021936","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sulfur-bearing coatings on fly ash from a coal-fired power plant: Composition, origin, and influence on ash alteration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fly ash samples collected from two locations in the exhaust stream of a coal-fired power plant differ markedly with respect to the abundance of thin (≈0.1</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>μm) sulfur-rich surface coatings that are observable by scanning electron microscopy. The coatings, tentatively identified as an aluminum-potassium-sulfate phase, probably form upon reaction between condensed sulfuric acid aerosols and glass surfaces, and are preferentially concentrated on ash exposed to exhaust stream gases for longer. The coatings are highly soluble and if sufficiently abundant, can impart an acidic pH to solutions initially in contact with ash. These observations suggest that proposals for ash use and predictions of ash behavior during disposal should consider the transient, acid-generating potential of some ash fractions and the possible effects on initial ash leachability and alteration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00146-X","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Fishman, N., Rice, C.A., Breit, G.N., and Johnson, R., 1999, Sulfur-bearing coatings on fly ash from a coal-fired power plant: Composition, origin, and influence on ash alteration: Fuel, v. 78, no. 2, p. 187-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00146-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"196","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9de8e4b08c986b31db7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, C. A.","contributorId":106116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breit, G. N.","contributorId":94664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, R.D.","contributorId":62360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021939,"text":"70021939 - 1999 - Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel‐bed rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:28:15","indexId":"70021939","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel‐bed rivers","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content n/a main\"><p>Field studies of forest gravel‐bed rivers in northwestern Washington and southeastern Alaska demonstrate that bed‐surface grain size is responsive to hydraulic roughness caused by bank irregularities, bars, and wood debris. We evaluate textural response by comparing reach‐average median grain size (<i>D</i><sub>50</sub>) to that predicted from the total bank‐full boundary shear stress (т<sub>0</sub><sub><i>bf</i></sub>), representing a hypothetical reference condition of low hydraulic roughness. For a given т<sub>0</sub><sub><i>bf</i></sub>, channels with progressively greater hydraulic roughness have systematically finer bed surfaces, presumably due to reduced bed shear stress, resulting in lower channel competence and diminished bed load transport capacity, both of which promote textural fining. In channels with significant hydraulic roughness, observed values<span>&nbsp;</span><i>D</i><sub>50</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>can be up to 90% smaller than those predicted from т<sub>0</sub><sub><i>bf</i></sub>. We find that wood debris plays an important role at our study sites, not only providing hydraulic roughness but also influencing pool spacing, frequency of textural patches, and the amplitude and wavelength of bank and bar topography and their consequent roughness. Our observations also have biological implications. We find that textural fining due to hydraulic roughness can create usable salmonid spawning gravels in channels that otherwise would be too coarse.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900138","usgsCitation":"Buffington, J.M., and Montgomery, D.R., 1999, Effects of hydraulic roughness on surface textures of gravel‐bed rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 11, p. 3507-3521, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900138.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3507","endPage":"3521","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071fe4b0c8380cd5157d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buffington, John M.","contributorId":124575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buffington","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montgomery, David R.","contributorId":67389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021940,"text":"70021940 - 1999 - The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021940","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments","docAbstract":"The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and CaCO3 in lake sediments are often inversely related. This relation occurs in surface sediments from different locations in the same lake, surface sediments from different lakes, and with depth in Holocene sediments. Where data on accumulation rates are available, the relation holds for organic carbon and CaCO3 accumulation rates as well. An increase of several percent OC is accompanied by a decrease of several tens of percent CaCO3 indicating that the inverse relation is not due to simple dilution of one component by another. It appears from core data that once the OC concentration in the sediments becomes greater than about 12%, the CO2 produced by decomposition of that OC and production of organic acids lowers the pH of anoxic pore waters enough to dissolve any CaCO3 that reaches the sediment-water interface. In a lake with a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion, processes in the water column also can produce an inverse relation between OC and CaCO3 over time. If productivity of the lake increases, the rain rate of OC from the epilimnion increases. Biogenic removal of CO2 and accompanying increase in pH also may increase the production of CaCO3. However, the decomposition of organic matter in the hypolimnion will decrease the pH of the hypolimnion causing greater dissolution of CaCO3 and therefore a decrease in the rain rate of CaCO3 to the sediment-water interface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1008066118210","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., 1999, The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 375-393, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008066118210.","startPage":"375","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206337,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008066118210"},{"id":229460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baa05e4b08c986b32268f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021941,"text":"70021941 - 1999 - Effects of humic substances on the bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Correlations with spectroscopic and chemical properties of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T16:04:17.592232","indexId":"70021941","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of humic substances on the bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Correlations with spectroscopic and chemical properties of humic substances","docAbstract":"<p><span>The presence of dissolved humic substances (HS, fulvic and humic acids) generally reduces the up take of hydrophobic organic compounds into aquatic organisms. The extent of this effect depends both on the concentration and on the origin of the HS. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of qualitative differences between HS from different origins. The effects of seven different HS on the bioconcentration of pyrene and benzo[</span><i>a</i><span>]pyrene (B</span><i>a</i><span>P) in the nematode&nbsp;</span><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i><span>&nbsp;were related to the spectroscopic and chemical properties of the HS. The effect of each humic material on the bioconcentration of pyrene or B</span><i>a</i><span>P was quantified as a “biologically determined” partition coefficient&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">DOC</span></sub><span>. We observed significant linear relationships between&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">DOC</span></sub><span>&nbsp;and the atomic H/C ratio, the specific absorptivity at 254 nm, the content of aromatic carbons (as determined by&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the copper-complexing capacity, the content of phenolic OH groups, and the molecular weight of the HS. There was no discernible relationship of&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">DOC</span></sub><span>&nbsp;with the atomic (N + O)/C ratio, an indicator of the polarity of HS. Taken together, our results show that the variability in the effects of HS from different origins could be related to variations in bulk properties of the HS. Parameters describing the aromaticity of the humic materials seemed to be most useful for estimating effects of HS on the bioconcentration of pyrene and B</span><i>a</i><span>P.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181219","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Haitzer, M., Abbt-Braun, G., Traunspurger, W., and Steinberg, C., 1999, Effects of humic substances on the bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Correlations with spectroscopic and chemical properties of humic substances: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2782-2788, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181219.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2782","endPage":"2788","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229461,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a071be4b0c8380cd51570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haitzer, M.","contributorId":94812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haitzer","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbt-Braun, G.","contributorId":9021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbt-Braun","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Traunspurger, W.","contributorId":108272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Traunspurger","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steinberg, C.E.W.","contributorId":47536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinberg","given":"C.E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021942,"text":"70021942 - 1999 - Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the canajoharie creek watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:25:17","indexId":"70021942","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the canajoharie creek watershed","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">Water samples collected during April−November 1997 from tile drains beneath cultivated fields in central New York indicate that two metabolites of the herbicide metolachlor<img class=\"privateChar\" src=\"https://pubs.acs.org/entityImage/legacy/sbd.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://pubs.acs.org/entityImage/legacy/sbd.gif\">metolachlor ESA (ethanesulfonic acid) and OA (oxanilic acid)<img class=\"privateChar\" src=\"https://pubs.acs.org/entityImage/legacy/sbd.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://pubs.acs.org/entityImage/legacy/sbd.gif\">can persist in agricultural soils for 4 or more years after application and that fine-grained soils favor the transport of metolachlor ESA over metolachlor and metolachlor OA. Concentrations of metolachlor ESA from the tile drains ranged from 3.27 to 23.4 μg/L (200−1800 times higher than those of metolachlor), metolachlor OA concentrations ranged from 1.14 to 13.5 μg/L, and metolachlor concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.1 μg/L. In the receiving stream, concentrations of metolachlor ESA were always below 0.6 μg/L except during a November storm, when concentrations reached 0.85 μg/L. Concentrations of metolachlor ESA in the stream were 2−45 times higher than those of metolachlor, reflecting the greater relative concentrations of metolachlor in surface water runoff than in tile drain runoff. These results are consistent with findings in other studies that acetanilide herbicide degredates are found in much higher concentrations than parent compounds in both surface water and groundwater.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9811997","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Wall, G.R., Thurman, E., Eckhardt, D., and Vanhoesen, J., 1999, Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the canajoharie creek watershed: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 20, p. 3531-3537, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9811997.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3531","endPage":"3537","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9811997"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Canajoharie Creek Watershed","volume":"33","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5622e4b0c8380cd6d382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eckhardt, D. A.","contributorId":99591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vanhoesen, J.","contributorId":39964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanhoesen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021943,"text":"70021943 - 1999 - Photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil on <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:07:23","indexId":"70021943","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1564,"text":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil on <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> reproduction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Traditionally, the toxic effects of petroleum have been investigated by conducting studies in the absence of ultraviolet radiation (UV). Photomediated toxicity is often not considered, and the toxic effects of an oil spill can be grossly underestimated. The toxicity of a weathered oil collected from a monitoring well at an abandoned oil field to</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Ceriodaphnia dubia</i><span> was examined in the presence of UV. A solar simulator equipped with UVB, UVA, and cool white lamps was used to generate environmentally comparable solar radiation intensities.</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">C. dubia</i><span> were exposed to six concentrations of water accommodated fractions (WAF) of weathered oil in conjunction with three levels of laboratory simulated UV (Reference = &lt; 0.002 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>UVB; 3.0 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>UVA; Low = 0.30 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span> UVB; 75.0 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span> UVA; High = 2.0 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span> UVB; 340.0 μW/cm</span><sup>2</sup><span>UVA) and visible light. Seven day static renewal bioassays were used to characterize WAF/UV toxicity. WAF toxicity significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased when the organisms were exposed to WAF in the presence of UV. The photoenhanced toxicity of the WAF increased with WAF concentration within each UV regime. Relative to the reference light regime, the average number of neonates from adults exposed to 1.6 mg TPH/L decreased significantly by 20% within the low light regime, and by 60% within the high light regime. These results indicate that organisms exposed to dissolved-phase weathered oil in the presence of environmentally realistic solar radiation, exhibit 1.3–2.5 times greater sensitivity, relative to organisms exposed under traditional laboratory fluorescent lighting.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02987329","issn":"09441344","usgsCitation":"Calfee, R., Little, E.E., Cleveland, L., and Barron, M., 1999, Photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil on <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> reproduction: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 6, no. 4, p. 207-212, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987329.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78c9e4b0c8380cd787a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calfee, R.D.","contributorId":85130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calfee","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleveland, L.","contributorId":82084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barron, M.G.","contributorId":87488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022195,"text":"70022195 - 1999 - Long‐term trends in stream water and precipitation chemistry at five headwater basins in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:03:13","indexId":"70022195","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long‐term trends in stream water and precipitation chemistry at five headwater basins in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stream water data from five headwater basins in the northeastern United States covering water years 1968–1996 and precipitation data from eight nearby precipitation monitoring sites covering water years 1984‐1996 were analyzed for temporal trends in chemistry using the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test. Concentrations of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>declined at three of five streams during 1968–1996 (</span><i>p</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.1), and all of the streams exhibited downward trends in SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>over the second half of the period (1984–1996). Concentrations of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in precipitation declined at seven of eight sites from 1984 to 1996, and the magnitudes of the declines (−0.7 to −2.0 µeq L</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) generally were similar to those of stream water SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>. These results indicate that changes in precipitation SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were of sufficient magnitude to account for changes in stream water SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>. Concentrations of Ca + Mg declined at three of five streams and five of eight precipitation sites from 1984 to 1996. Precipitation acidity decreased at five of eight sites during the same period, but alkalinity increased in only one stream. In most cases the decreases in stream water SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were similar in magnitude to declines in stream water Ca + Mg, which is consistent with the theory of leaching by mobile acid anions in soils. In precipitation the magnitudes of SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>declines were similar to those of hydrogen, and declines in Ca +Mg were much smaller. This indicates that recent decreases in SO</span><sub>4</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>deposition are now being reflected in reduced precipitation acidity. The lack of widespread increases in stream water alkalinity, despite the prevalence of downward trends in stream water SO</span><sub>4</sub><span>, suggests that at most sites, increases in stream water<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H and acid‐neutralizing capacity may be delayed until higher soil base‐saturation levels are achieved.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900050","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 1999, Long‐term trends in stream water and precipitation chemistry at five headwater basins in the northeastern United States: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 2, p. 541-554, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900050.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"554","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998wr900050","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49ace4b0c8380cd687d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":392679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021955,"text":"70021955 - 1999 - Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:26:29","indexId":"70021955","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Correlation and correlation‐based measures (e.g., the coefficient of determination) have been widely used to evaluate the “goodness‐of‐fit” of hydrologic and hydroclimatic models. These measures are oversensitive to extreme values (outliers) and are insensitive to additive and proportional differences between model predictions and observations. Because of these limitations, correlation‐based measures can indicate that a model is a good predictor, even when it is not. In this paper, useful alternative goodness‐of‐fit or relative error measures (including the coefficient of efficiency and the index of agreement) that overcome many of the limitations of correlation‐based measures are discussed. Modifications to these statistics to aid in interpretation are presented. It is concluded that correlation and correlation‐based measures should not be used to assess the goodness‐of‐fit of a hydrologic or hydroclimatic model and that additional evaluation measures (such as summary statistics and absolute error measures) should supplement model evaluation tools.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900018","usgsCitation":"Legates, D.R., and McCabe, G.J., 1999, Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legates, David R.","contributorId":194273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. Jr.","contributorId":124577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021957,"text":"70021957 - 1999 - Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:53:49","indexId":"70021957","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>Parts of the South Platte River alluvial aquifer in northeastern Colorado are underlain by the Pierre Shale, a marine deposit of Late Cretaceous age that is &lt;1000 m thick. Ground water in the aquifer is contaminated with NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>‐</sup><span>, and the shale contains abundant potential electron donors for denitrification in the forms of organic carbon and sulfide minerals. Nested piezometers were sampled, pore water was squeezed from cores of shale, and an injection test was conducted to determine if denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and to measure denitrification rates in the shale. Measured values of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>, N</span><sub>2</sub><span>, NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N[NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>], δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N[N</span><sub>2</sub><span>], and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N[NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>] in the alluvial and shale pore water indicated that denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>. Chemical gradients, reaction rate constants, and hydraulic head data indicated that denitrification in the shale was limited by the slow rate of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>transport (possibly by diffusion) into the shale. The apparent in situ first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale based on diffusion calculations was of the order of 0.04–0.4 yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, whereas the potential rate constant in the shale based on injection tests was of the order of 60 yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Chemical data and mass balance calculations indicate that organic carbon was the primary electron donor for denitrification in the shale during the injection test, and ferrous iron was a minor electron donor in the process. Flux calculations for the conditions encountered at the site indicate that denitrification in the shale could remove only a small fraction of the annual agricultural NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>‐</sup><span>input to the alluvial aquifer. However, the relatively large potential first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale indicated that the percentage of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake by the shale could be considerably larger in areas where NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>advection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900004","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Böhlke, J., and Bruce, B.W., 1999, Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1629-1642, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1642","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.953125,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.953125,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              41.31082388091818\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61132812499999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021958,"text":"70021958 - 1999 - Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T18:14:23.383954","indexId":"70021958","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Anadromous northern Dolly Varden&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus malma</i><span>&nbsp;support a summer subsistence fishery in Beaufort Sea coastal waters. These same waters coincide with areas of oil and gas exploration and development. The purpose of this study was to assess variation in stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from sites along 400 km of Beaufort Sea coast. Mixed‐stock analyses (MSA) of allozyme data were used to compare collections from four sites (Endicott near Prudhoe Bay, Mikkelsen Bay, and Kaktovik in Alaska and Phillips Bay in Canada) and to assess variation in stock contributions among summer months and between 1987 and 1988. The MSA estimates for individual stocks were summed into estimates for three stock groups: western stocks from the area near Sagavarnirktok River and Prudhoe Bay (SAG), Arctic National Wildlife Refuge stocks (Arctic Refuge), and Canadian stocks. The MSA of Endicott samples taken in 1987 and 1988 did not differ among months in terms of contributions from local SAG stocks (range, 71–95%). Contributions from nonlocal (&gt;100 km distant) Canadian and Arctic Refuge stocks were not different from zero in 1987, but contributions from Canadian stocks were so in July (17%) and August (20%) but not in September of 1988. Thus, stock contributions to Endicott collections were different between 1987 and 1988. Samples from the Kaktovik area in 1988 were different between months in terms of contributions from nonlocal SAG stocks (July, 7%; August, 27%). Significant contributions to these samples were made both months by Canadian (25% and 17%) and local Arctic Refuge stocks (68% and 56%). Among the four coastal sites, local stocks typically contributed most to collections; however, every site had collections that contained significant contributions from nonlocal stocks. The MSA estimates clearly revealed the movement of Dolly Varden between U.S. and Canada coastal waters. If local stocks are affected by oil and gas development activities, distant subsistence fisheries along the coast could also be affected.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Krueger, C., Wilmot, R., and Everett, R., 1999, Stock origins of Dolly Varden collected from Beaufort Sea coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 1, p. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0049:SOODVC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229605,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Kaktovik, Mikkelsen Bay, Phillips Bay, Prudhoe Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.34302882846796,\n              71.33199231177122\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.34302882846796,\n              68.92852198639318\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.5522082329044,\n              68.92852198639318\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.5522082329044,\n              71.33199231177122\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.34302882846796,\n              71.33199231177122\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9857e4b08c986b31bfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krueger, C.C.","contributorId":97042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Everett, R.J.","contributorId":42740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Everett","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022167,"text":"70022167 - 1999 - A closure test for time-specific capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022167","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A closure test for time-specific capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"The assumption of demographic closure in the analysis of capture-recapture data under closed-population models is of fundamental importance. Yet, little progress has been made in the development of omnibus tests of the closure assumption. We present a closure test for time-specific data that, in principle, tests the null hypothesis of closed-population model M(t) against the open-population Jolly-Seber model as a specific alternative. This test is chi-square, and can be decomposed into informative components that can be interpreted to determine the nature of closure violations. The test is most sensitive to permanent emigration and least sensitive to temporary emigration, and is of intermediate sensitivity to permanent or temporary immigration. This test is a versatile tool for testing the assumption of demographic closure in the analysis of capture-recapture data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1009674322348","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T., and Burnham, K., 1999, A closure test for time-specific capture-recapture data: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 6, no. 2, p. 197-209, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009674322348.","startPage":"197","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206705,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009674322348"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e347e4b0c8380cd45f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, T.R.","contributorId":61379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnham, K.P.","contributorId":63760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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