Information on the habitat requirements and effects of habitat management on grassland birds were summarized from information in more than 5,500 published and unpublished papers. A range map is provided to indicate the relative densities of the species in North America, based on Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data. Although birds frequently are observed outside the breeding range indicated, the maps are intended to show areas where managers might concentrate their attention. It may be ineffectual to manage habitat at a site for a species that rarely occurs in an area. The species account begins with a brief capsule statement, which provides the fundamental components or keys to management for the species. A section on breeding range outlines the current breeding distribution of the species in North America, including areas that could not be mapped using BBS data. The suitable habitat section describes the breeding habitat and occasionally microhabitat characteristics of the species, especially those habitats that occur in the Great Plains. Details on habitat and microhabitat requirements often provide clues to how a species will respond to a particular management practice. A table near the end of the account complements the section on suitable habitat, and lists the specific habitat characteristics for the species by individual studies. A special section on prey habitat is included for those predatory species that have more specific prey requirements. The area requirements section provides details on territory and home range sizes, minimum area requirements, and the effects of patch size, edges, and other landscape and habitat features on abundance and productivity. It may be futile to manage a small block of suitable habitat for a species that has minimum area requirements that are larger than the area being managed. The Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) is an obligate brood parasite of many grassland birds. The section on cowbird brood parasitism summarizes rates of cowbird parasitism, host responses to parasitism, and factors that influence parasitism, such as nest concealment and host density. The impact of management depends, in part, upon a species' nesting phenology and biology. The section on breeding-season phenology and site fidelity includes details on spring arrival and fall departure for migratory populations in the Great Plains, peak breeding periods, the tendency to renest after nest failure or success, and the propensity to return to a previous breeding site. The duration and timing of breeding varies among regions and years. Species' response to management summarizes the current knowledge and major findings in the literature on the effects of different management practices on the species. The section on management recommendations complements the previous section and summarizes specific recommendations for habitat management provided in the literature. If management recommendations differ in different portions of the species' breeding range, recommendations are given separately by region. The literature cited contains references to published and unpublished literature on the management effects and habitat requirements of the species. This section is not meant to be a complete bibliography; for a searchable, annotated bibliography of published and unpublished papers dealing with habitat needs of grassland birds and their responses to habitat management, use the Grassland and Wetland Birds Bibliography on the home page of this resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","publisherLocation":"Jamestown, ND","doi":"10.3133/93871","usgsCitation":"Dechant, J., Sondreal, M.L., Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Goldade, C., Rabie, P.A., and Euliss, B., 1999, Effects of management practices on grassland birds: McCown's Longspur, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93871.","productDescription":"16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/93871.PNG"},{"id":312424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93871/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611be1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dechant, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":103984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dechant","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":298161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":298156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rabie, Paul A. 0000-0003-4364-2268","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-2268","contributorId":74328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabie","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":298159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":58218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty R.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":298157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":95564,"text":"95564 - 1999 - Factors associated with temporal variation in EMS: Research task report on early mortality syndrome workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95564","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Factors associated with temporal variation in EMS: Research task report on early mortality syndrome workshop","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Board of Technical Experts Briefing Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","collaboration":"00-116/NF","usgsCitation":"Fitzsimons, J., Brown, S., Honeyfield, D., Tillitt, D.E., Zajicek, J., and Hnath, J., 1999, Factors associated with temporal variation in EMS: Research task report on early mortality syndrome workshop, in Board of Technical Experts Briefing Book.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f8737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzsimons, J.","contributorId":70326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzsimons","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, S.B.","contributorId":107636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Honeyfield, D. C. 0000-0003-3034-2047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-2047","contributorId":73136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honeyfield","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":299190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zajicek, J.","contributorId":61772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hnath, J.G.","contributorId":34852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hnath","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":96553,"text":"96553 - 1999 - Ecology of banded rock rattlesnakes and Sonoran mountain kingsnakes at Coronado National Memorial, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"96553","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecology of banded rock rattlesnakes and Sonoran mountain kingsnakes at Coronado National Memorial, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","collaboration":"Report to Southwest Parks and Monument Association and Coronado National Memorial.","usgsCitation":"Swann, D., Edwards, T., and Schwalbe, C., 1999, Ecology of banded rock rattlesnakes and Sonoran mountain kingsnakes at Coronado National Memorial, Arizona, 22 p. ; appendices.","productDescription":"22 p. ; appendices.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swann, D.E.","contributorId":11149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swann","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, T.","contributorId":59743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwalbe, C.R.","contributorId":35259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwalbe","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85388,"text":"85388 - 1999 - Sandhill cranes and the Platte River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:46:23","indexId":"85388","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sandhill cranes and the Platte River","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A gathering of angels: ecology and conservation of migratory birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cornell University Press","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","usgsCitation":"Krapu, G., 1999, Sandhill cranes and the Platte River, chap. of A gathering of angels: ecology and conservation of migratory birds, p. 103-117.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"117","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 41.422134246213616\n ],\n [\n -98.2342529296875,\n 40.992337919312305\n ],\n [\n -98.63525390624999,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -99.3218994140625,\n 40.730608477796636\n ],\n [\n -99.7393798828125,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -100.6512451171875,\n 41.17038447781618\n ],\n [\n -100.7061767578125,\n 41.10005163093046\n ],\n [\n -99.6295166015625,\n 40.63479884404164\n ],\n [\n -98.67919921875,\n 40.60978237983301\n ],\n [\n -98.0914306640625,\n 40.871987756697415\n ],\n [\n -97.3223876953125,\n 41.36856413680967\n ],\n [\n -97.415771484375,\n 41.422134246213616\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdcf7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Able, K.P.","contributorId":111843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504471,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180394,"text":"70180394 - 1999 - Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180394,"text":"70180394 - 1999 - Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska","indexId":"70180394","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"2","title":"Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr99136","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":21825,"text":"ofr99136 - 1999 - Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska","indexId":"ofr99136","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Geological and geophysical setting of the gold-silver vein systems of Unga Island, southwestern Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:31:11","indexId":"70180394","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-136","chapter":"2","title":"Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"The first geologic map of Unga Island was published by Atwood (1911; scale 1:250,000), who correctly inferred the middle Tertiary age of the volcanic rocks and made the important distinction between the lava flows and the intrusive domes. Although Burk's (1964) reconnaissance map of the Alaska Peninsula (scale 1:250,000) has been modified in some respects, it does correct Atwood's map by replacing the Kenai Formation on northwestern Unga Island with the Unga Conglomerate and by recognizing the older Stepovak Formation elsewhere on Unga and Popof Islands.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field studies that were focused on the mineral-resource potential of the Alaska Peninsula began in the late 1970's. These studies led to a geologic map of the Port Moller quadrangle--including Unga Island--at 1:250,000 scale (Wilson and others, 1995), as well as summaries of mineral occurrences and geochronological studies (Wilson and others, 1988, 1994) and a formal revision of the stratigraphic units of the Alaska Peninsula (Detterman and others, 1996). As follow-up to the regional studies, a detailed study of the vein systems on Unga Island was undertaken as a collaborative effort between USGS and private industry (White and Queen, 1989). The fieldwork leading to the present report and geologic map was started in 1978 (Riehle and others, 1982) and was completed as part of the vein study. The objective was a better understanding of the geologic setting of the vein systems: the geologic history of the host rocks, the structural controls on the veins, and the types of processes that likely caused the mineralization.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska (Open-File Report 99-136)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/70180394","usgsCitation":"Riehle, J.R., Wilson, F.H., Shew, N.B., and White, W., 1999, Geology of Unga Island and the northwestern part of Popof Island: Chapter 2 in A geological and geophysical study of the gold-silver vein system of Unga Island, Southwestern Alaska (Version 1.3): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-136, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180394.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-136/chapters/c2_geology/2_geol_map.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Popof Island, Unga Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.77392578125,\n 55.407188641599014\n ],\n [\n -160.576171875,\n 55.43057190604551\n ],\n [\n -160.40863037109372,\n 55.380670870827416\n ],\n [\n -160.26855468749997,\n 55.36818576460152\n ],\n [\n -160.29876708984375,\n 55.246249384919125\n ],\n [\n -160.52947998046875,\n 55.11294279005422\n ],\n [\n -160.8673095703125,\n 55.09723033442451\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 55.229023057406344\n ],\n [\n -160.9002685546875,\n 55.374428810207625\n ],\n [\n -160.77392578125,\n 55.407188641599014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.3","publicComments":"Originally published in a CD-ROM; the file is now available online.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588f0d76e4b072a7ac08c129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riehle, James R.","contributorId":70048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Willis H.","contributorId":7761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Willis H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28359,"text":"wri994218 - 1999 - Concentrations and distribution of manmade organic compounds in the Lake Tahoe Basin, Nevada and California, 1997-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T19:26:35.357015","indexId":"wri994218","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4218","title":"Concentrations and distribution of manmade organic compounds in the Lake Tahoe Basin, Nevada and California, 1997-99","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency and the Lahontan Regional Water-Quality Control Board, sampled Lake Tahoe, major tributary streams to Lake Tahoe, and several other lakes in the Lake Tahoe Basin for manmade organic compounds during 1997-99.
Gasoline components were found in all samples collected from Lake Tahoe during the summer boating season. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were the commonly detected compounds in these samples. Most samples from tributary streams and lakes with no motorized boating had no detectable concentrations of gasoline components. Motorized boating activity appears to be directly linked in space and time to the occurrence of these gasoline components. Other sources of gasoline components to Lake Tahoe, such as the atmosphere, surface runoff, and subsurface flow, are minor compared to the input by motorized boating. Water sampled from Lake Tahoe during mid-winter, when motorized boating activity is low, had no MTBE and only one sample had any detectable BTEX compounds.
Soluble pesticides rarely were detected in water samples from the Lake Tahoe Basin. The only detectable concentrations of these compounds were in samples from Blackwood and Taylor Creeks collected during spring runoff. Concentrations found in these samples were low, in the 1 to 4 nanograms per liter range.
Organochlorine compounds were detected in samples collected from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD's) collected from Lake Tahoe, tributary streams, and Upper Angora Lake. In Lake Tahoe, SPMD samples collected offshore from urbanized areas contained the largest number and highest concentrations of organochlorine compounds. The most commonly detected organochlorine compounds were cis- and trans-chlordane, p, p'-DDE, and hexachlorobenzene. In tributary streams, SPMD samples collected during spring runoff generally had higher combined concentrations of organochlorine compounds than those collected during baseflow conditions. Upper Angora Lake had the fewest number of organochlorine compounds detected of all lake samples. Dioxins and furans were not detected in SPMD samples from two sites in Lake Tahoe or from two tributary streams.
The number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds and their combined concentrations generally were higher in samples from Lake Tahoe than those from tributary streams. Areas of high-motorized boating activity at Lake Tahoe had the largest number and highest concentrations of PAH's. PAH compounds were detected in samples from SPMD's in four of six tributary streams during spring runoff, all tributary streams during baseflow conditions, and at all lake sites. The most commonly detected PAH's in tributary streams during spring runoff were phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene, and during baseflow conditions were phenanthrene, 1-methylphenanthrene, diethylnaphthalene, and pyrene. Upper Truckee River, which has an urban area in its drainage basin, had the largest number and highest combined concentration of PAH's of all stream samples.
Bottom-sediment from Lake Tahoe had detectable concentrations of p-cresol, a phenol, in all but one sample. A sample collected near Chambers Lodge contained phenol at an estimated concentration of 4 micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg). Bottom-sediment samples from tributary streams had no detectable concentrations of organochlorine or PAH compounds. Several compounds were detected in bottom sediment from Upper Angora Lake at high concentrations. These compounds and their concentrations were p, p'-DDD (10 µg/kg), p, p'-DDE (7.4 µg/kg), 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (estimated at 190 µg/kg), pentachlorophenol (3,000 µg/kg), and p-cresol (4,400 µg/kg).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri994218","usgsCitation":"Lico, M.S., and Pennington, N., 1999, Concentrations and distribution of manmade organic compounds in the Lake Tahoe Basin, Nevada and California, 1997-99 (Version 1.1 (December 2004)): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4218, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994218.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415456,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23007.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri99-4218/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.26106292289572,\n 39.30757869034966\n ],\n [\n -120.26106292289572,\n 38.8617711636129\n ],\n [\n -119.87674725205324,\n 38.8617711636129\n ],\n [\n -119.87674725205324,\n 39.30757869034966\n ],\n [\n -120.26106292289572,\n 39.30757869034966\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1 (December 2004)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2515","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lico, Michael S.","contributorId":75897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lico","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pennington, Nyle","contributorId":108148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pennington","given":"Nyle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27950,"text":"wri994089 - 1999 - Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-08T13:35:36.562184","indexId":"wri994089","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4089","displayTitle":"Estimation of Potential Runoff-Contributing Areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River Basin, Kansas","title":"Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas","docAbstract":"Digital soils and topographic data were used to estimate and compare potential runoff-contributing areas for 19 selected subbasins representing soil, slope, and runoff variability within the Kansas-Lower Republican (KLR) River Basin. Potential runoff-contributing areas were estimated separately and collectively for the processes of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess overland flow using a set of environmental conditions that represented high, moderate, and low potential runoff. For infiltration-excess overland flow, various rainfall intensities and soil permeabilities were used. For saturation-excess overland flow, antecedent soil-moisture conditions and a topographic wetness index were used.
Results indicated that the subbasins with relatively high potential runoff are located in the central part of the KLR River Basin. These subbasins are Black Vermillion River, Clarks Creek, Delaware River upstream from Muscotah, Grasshopper Creek, Mill Creek (Wabaunsee County), Soldier Creek, Vermillion Creek (Pottawatomie County), and Wildcat Creek. The subbasins with relatively low potential runoff are located in the western one-third of the KLR River Basin, with one exception, and are Buffalo Creek, Little Blue River upstream from Barnes, Mill Creek (Washington County), Republican River between Concordia and Clay Center, Republican River upstream from Concordia, Wakarusa River downstream from Clinton Lake (exception), and White Rock Creek. The ability to distinguish the subbasins as having relatively high or low potential runoff was possible mostly due to the variability of soil permeability across the KLR River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 1999, Estimation of potential runoff-contributing areas in the Kansas-Lower Republican River basin, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4089, Report: iv, 24 p.; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994089.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Figures","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2202,"rank":199,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/wrir19994089.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 1999–4089"},{"id":403264,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":400829,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362198,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4089/figures/","text":"Figures"}],"scale":"670000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Kansas-Lower Republican River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.86,\n 38.6420\n ],\n [\n -94.5830,\n 38.6420\n ],\n [\n -94.5830,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -98.86,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -98.86,\n 38.6420\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J., Robinson, T., VanderKooi, S.P., and Haner, P., 1999, Gas bubble trauma monitoring and research of juvenile salmonids. Annual report 1998.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333844,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, T.C.","contributorId":178452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanderKooi, S. P.","contributorId":12587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanderKooi","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180136,"text":"70180136 - 1999 - Wind River watershed project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:56:53","indexId":"70180136","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Wind River watershed project","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 1999, Wind River watershed project.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180137,"text":"70180137 - 1999 - Juvenile steelhead and rearing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T14:59:22","indexId":"70180137","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Juvenile steelhead and rearing conditions","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wind River watershed project","language":"English ","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Connolly, P., 1999, Juvenile steelhead and rearing conditions, v. 1, 20 p. .","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"E1","endPage":"E20","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":660475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180140,"text":"70180140 - 1999 - Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T15:13:24","indexId":"70180140","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"Abstract not available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Bayer, J., and Seelye, J., 1999, Characteristics of upstream migrating Pacific lampreys (Lampetra tridentata) in the Columbia River.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58887708e4b05ccb964bab4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayer, J.M.","contributorId":47945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021622,"text":"70021622 - 1999 - Habitat invasibility and dominance by alien annual plants in the western Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T16:46:37.597569","indexId":"70021622","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat invasibility and dominance by alien annual plants in the western Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Patterns of habitat invasibility and alien dominance, respectively measured as species richness and biomass of alien annual plants, were evaluated in association with four habitat factors at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area (DTNA) in the western Mojave Desert, USA. Habitat factors varied in levels of disturbance outside (high) and inside (low) the DTNA, and in levels of soil nutrients in washlet (high) and hummock (low) topographic positions, in Larrea-north (high), Larrea-south (medium), and interspace (low) microhabitats near creosote bushes (Larrea tridentata), and during 1995 when rainfall was 207% (high) and 1994 when rainfall was 52% (low) of the long-term average. Dominant alien plants included the annual grasses Bromus rubens, Bromus trinii, and Schismus spp., and the forb Erodium cicutarium. Species richness and dominance of alien annual plants were slightly higher where disturbance was high, and much higher where soil nutrients were high. B. rubens and B. trinii were most dominant in washlets and in the Larrea-north microhabitats during both years. These two species evolved in mesic ecosystems, and appeared to be particularly limited by soil nutrients at this site. Schismus spp. and E. cicutarium were also most dominant in washlets, but their dominance varied between interspaces in 1994 and the Larrea-south microhabitat in 1995. Monitoring to detect the invasion of new annual plants should focus on regions of high rainfall and nitrogen deposition and on washes and beneath-canopy microhabitats. The ecological range of each alien species should be evaluated separately, because their evolutionary origins may greatly affect their patterns of invasion and dominance in the Mojave Desert.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1010057726056","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., 1999, Habitat invasibility and dominance by alien annual plants in the western Mojave Desert: Biological Invasions, v. 1, no. 4, p. 325-337, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010057726056.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Kern County","otherGeospatial":"Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.8440219045352,\n 35.248782137302925\n ],\n [\n -117.97363289428272,\n 35.248782137302925\n ],\n [\n -117.97363289428272,\n 35.160528080905834\n ],\n [\n -117.8440219045352,\n 35.160528080905834\n ],\n [\n -117.8440219045352,\n 35.248782137302925\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f10e4b0c8380cd5ca5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":390514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24904,"text":"ofr99569 - 1999 - Strontium, lead, and oxygen isotopic data for granitoid and volcanic rocks from the northern Great Basin and Sierra Nevada, California, Nevada and Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T21:38:36.85622","indexId":"ofr99569","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-569","title":"Strontium, lead, and oxygen isotopic data for granitoid and volcanic rocks from the northern Great Basin and Sierra Nevada, California, Nevada and Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99569","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., Kistler, R.W., and Tosdal, R., 1999, Strontium, lead, and oxygen isotopic data for granitoid and volcanic rocks from the northern Great Basin and Sierra Nevada, California, Nevada and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-569, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99569.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415196,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43623.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0569/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157670,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0569/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"northern Great Basin, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.63,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.67,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -120.67,\n 37.68\n ],\n [\n -111.63,\n 37.58\n ],\n [\n -111.63,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ad8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kistler, R. W.","contributorId":36112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008150,"text":"1008150 - 1999 - Subcutaneous anchor attachment increases retention of radio transmitters on Xantus' and marbled murrelets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T15:40:30","indexId":"1008150","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subcutaneous anchor attachment increases retention of radio transmitters on Xantus' and marbled murrelets","docAbstract":"We modified a subcutaneous anchor attachment and achieved transmitter reten- tion times that exceeded those reported previously for other attachments used on alcids. Traditional suture and epoxy attachment methods were used on Xantus' Murrelets in 1995 and 1996, while the modified attachment was used for Xantus' Murrelets in 1996 and 1997 and Marbled Murrelets in 1997. Modifications included use of an inhalant anesthetic, placing the anchor in a more cranial position on the back, application of marine epoxy, and place- ment of a single subcutaneous non-absorbable suture at the caudal end of the radio to hold the radio in place initially. We located 22 of 56 (39%) Xantus' Murrelets radio-marked using suture and epoxy during aerial surveys in 1995 and 1996. Of birds radio-marked using the subcutaneous anchor attachment, we located 92 of 113 (81%) Xantus' Murrelets marked in 1996 and 1997 and all 28 (100%) Marbled Murrelets marked in 1997 during aerial surveys. The maximum confirmed duration for the subcutaneous anchor transmitter attachment was 51 d for Xantus' Murrelets and 78 d for Marbled Murrelets versus 41 d for the suture and epoxy attachment used on Xantus' Murrelets. Recapture rates of radio-marked Xantus' Mur- relets were similar to recapture rates of unmarked Xantus' Murrelets. Our post-release ob- servations indicated negligible short-term physical effects from the attachment procedure, while telemetry data and examination of recaptured murrelets indicated no evidence of infection or other long-term physical effects. Breeding behavior of some murrelets was not disrupted; however, further evaluation of potential effects of this attachment technique on breeding and behavior is needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Newman, S.H., Takekawa, J.Y., Whitworth, D.L., and Burkett, E.E., 1999, Subcutaneous anchor attachment increases retention of radio transmitters on Xantus' and marbled murrelets: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 70, no. 4, p. 520-534.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"520","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, Scott H.","contributorId":101372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitworth, Darrell L.","contributorId":87338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitworth","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkett, Esther E.","contributorId":174939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burkett","given":"Esther","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008149,"text":"1008149 - 1999 - Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T11:41:43.509873","indexId":"1008149","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby","docAbstract":"The tidewater goby ( Eucyclogobius newberryi ), an endangered species in the United States, occurs in a series of isolated coastal wetlands in California. Using historical presence-absence data and our own surveys, we estimated annual rates of extirpation and recolonization for several populations of the goby in southern California. As predicted, large wetlands had lower rates of extirpation than small wetlands. There was a negative but statistically nonsignificant correlation between recolonization rate and distance to the nearest northerly source population. Populations at small sites were sensitive to drought, presumably because droughts can eliminate suitable habitat at small wetlands. Populations in small wetlands have declined over time, even after accounting for variation in stream flow, supporting the species' endangered status. Our study emphasizes the need to understand metapopulation dynamics for conserving species where the unit of conservation is a local population. It is also emphasizes the importance of not treating metapopulations as identical units. Finally, our results provide a means for describing the decline of a species that is complex in time and space and provide insight into how to target protection measures among metapopulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98016.x","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., Swift, C.C., and Ambrose, R., 1999, Extirpation and recolonization in a metapopulation of an endangered fish, the tidewater goby: Conservation Biology, v. 13, no. 6, p. 1447-1453, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98016.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1453","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.84007578952105,\n 32.57924476677657\n ],\n [\n -116.96859290621114,\n 33.24075348004719\n ],\n [\n -118.0297649285373,\n 34.11421833298377\n ],\n [\n -119.05410356414626,\n 34.5338721202251\n ],\n [\n -120.12101381986645,\n 34.76917764913648\n ],\n [\n -120.20219438421546,\n 35.16659016418255\n ],\n [\n -121.07599484497754,\n 36.02845303621187\n ],\n [\n -121.6354341058834,\n 38.16422902780312\n ],\n [\n -122.3981789694547,\n 38.434933644254215\n ],\n [\n -123.36080658853393,\n 39.17619113934646\n ],\n [\n -123.98139751267314,\n 40.37136935641254\n ],\n [\n -123.8467885261226,\n 40.91508584238656\n ],\n [\n -123.96761370207025,\n 41.95991868581393\n ],\n [\n -124.47348385165589,\n 41.98724150893901\n ],\n [\n -124.47216483234348,\n 41.70381314727467\n ],\n [\n -124.21092423616233,\n 41.472849420179216\n ],\n [\n -124.37505381529593,\n 41.06653501247189\n ],\n [\n -124.29113245581368,\n 40.801972476798255\n ],\n [\n -124.63565850688349,\n 40.42329582286797\n ],\n [\n -124.41220721902226,\n 39.98823275527138\n ],\n [\n -124.04726119915574,\n 39.81818992963812\n ],\n [\n -123.85219440855528,\n 38.79382355220321\n ],\n [\n -123.01339370442031,\n 38.15341002111387\n ],\n [\n -122.78075902644554,\n 37.65332235589496\n ],\n [\n -122.5793237268943,\n 37.04833412258513\n ],\n [\n -122.1358022802284,\n 36.781868180427026\n ],\n [\n -122.08660337061005,\n 36.17503883867465\n ],\n [\n -121.7093039552148,\n 35.94813482346983\n ],\n [\n -121.07276574634142,\n 35.260458363338856\n ],\n [\n -120.77565795628794,\n 35.03006704802192\n ],\n [\n -120.82794538929824,\n 34.39554374126949\n ],\n [\n -120.42631931235516,\n 33.885994415581365\n ],\n [\n -119.48793760208446,\n 33.0822245601931\n ],\n [\n -118.40372845798737,\n 32.746383125290876\n ],\n [\n -116.84007578952105,\n 32.57924476677657\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swift, C. C.","contributorId":107639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambrose, R.F.","contributorId":63348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambrose","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008102,"text":"1008102 - 1999 - Letters: Defending whole animal collections","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T13:49:04.630338","indexId":"1008102","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Letters: Defending whole animal collections","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1313470","usgsCitation":"Scott, N., and Jennings, M., 1999, Letters: Defending whole animal collections: BioScience, v. 49, p. 511-512, https://doi.org/10.2307/1313470.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"511","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479610,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1313470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021572,"text":"70021572 - 1999 - Bird communities of natural and modified habitats in Panama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T15:37:59.793749","indexId":"70021572","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bird communities of natural and modified habitats in Panama","docAbstract":"Only a small proportion of land can realistically be protected as nature reserves and thus conservation efforts also must focus on the ecological value of agroecosystems and developed areas surrounding nature reserves. In this study, avian communities were surveyed in 11 habitat types in central Panama, across a gradient from extensive forest to intensive agricultural land uses, to examine patterns of species richness and abundance and community composition. Wooded habitats, including extensive and fragmented forests, shade coffee plantations, and residential areas supported the most species and individuals. Nearctic-Neotropical migratory species were most numerous in lowland forest fragments, shade coffee, and residential areas. Introduced Pinus caribbea and sugar cane plantations supported the fewest species compared to all other habitats. Cattle pastures left fallow for less than two years supported more than twice as many total species as actively grazed pastures, such that species richness in fallow pastures was similar to that found in wooded habitats. Community similarities were relatively low among all habitat types (none exceeding the observed 65% similarity between extensive and fragmented lowland forests), but communities in shade coffee and residential areas were 43% and 54′% similar to lowland forest fragments, respectively. Fallow pastures and residential areas shared 60% of their species. Bird communities in shade coffee and residential areas were characterized by higher proportions of frugivorous and nectarivorous species than in native forests. These same guilds also were better represented in fallow than in grazed pastures. Raptors and piscivorous species were most prevalent in cattle pastures and rice fields. These results, though based upon only species richness and abundance, demonstrate that many human-altered habitats have potential ecological value for birds, and conservation efforts in tropical areas should focus greater attention on enhancement of agricultural and developed lands as wildlife habitat. To understand the true conservation value of these modified lands will require examination not only of numbers but also of the types of species supported by these habitats, their reproductive output and survival rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00505.x","usgsCitation":"Petit, L.J., Petit, D.R., Christian, D.G., and Powell, H.D., 1999, Bird communities of natural and modified habitats in Panama: Ecography, v. 22, no. 3, p. 292-304, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00505.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"304","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8333,\n 9.1667\n ],\n [\n -80.8333,\n 8.4833\n ],\n [\n -79.3833,\n 8.4833\n ],\n [\n -79.3833,\n 9.1667\n ],\n [\n -80.8333,\n 9.1667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1aae4b0c8380cd4ad86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petit, L. J.","contributorId":22053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petit, D. R.","contributorId":97865,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petit","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christian, D. G.","contributorId":20102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christian","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, Hugo D. W.","contributorId":43298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powell","given":"Hugo","email":"","middleInitial":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1004110,"text":"1004110 - 1999 - Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T16:41:43.683635","indexId":"1004110","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1575,"text":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Four species of lichen (Cladina rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Hypogymnia physodes, and Parmelia sulcata) were sampled at six locations in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness three times over a span of 11 years and analyzed for concentrations of 16 chemical elements to test the hypotheses that corticolous species would accumulate higher amounts of chemical elements than terricolous species, and that 11 years were sufficient to detect spatial patterns and temporal trends in element contents. Multivariate analyses of over 2770 data points revealed two principal components that accounted for 68% of the total variance in the data. These two components, the first highly loaded with Al, B, Cr, Fe, Ni and S, and the second loaded with Ca, Cd, Mg and Mn, were inversely related to each other over time and space. The first component was interpreted as consisting of an anthropogenic and a dust component, while the second, primarily a nutritional component. Cu, K, Na, P, Pb and Zn were not highly loaded on either component. Component 1 decreased significantly over the 11 years and from west to east, while component 2 increased. The corticolous species were more enriched in heavy metals than the terricolous species. All four elements in component 2 in H. physodes were above enrichment thresholds for this species. Species differences on the two components were greater than the effects of time and space, suggesting that biomonitoring with lichens is strongly species dependent. Some localities in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness appear enriched in some anthropogenic elements for no obvious reasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00055-0","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., and Wetmore, C.M., 1999, Changes in element contents of four lichens over 11 years in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, northern Minnesota: Environmental and Experimental Botany, v. 41, no. 1, p. 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(98)00055-0.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Boundary Waters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.28923768284771,\n 48.04818270788198\n ],\n [\n -90.2933028235245,\n 48.11064886039284\n ],\n [\n -90.75266372000586,\n 48.10250540260512\n ],\n [\n -90.85429223692648,\n 48.26242328251959\n ],\n [\n -90.95592075384717,\n 48.23264591910663\n ],\n [\n -91.43967249438973,\n 48.05361755828051\n ],\n [\n -91.5941478401091,\n 48.10250540260512\n ],\n [\n -91.73236262312133,\n 48.20014174802935\n ],\n [\n -92.06163901794453,\n 48.35705411093949\n ],\n [\n -92.35839428735292,\n 48.37325892048108\n ],\n [\n -92.26896119246263,\n 48.243476057264246\n ],\n [\n -92.4275016788588,\n 47.88487042872998\n ],\n [\n -91.27300172663998,\n 47.76477982489226\n ],\n [\n -90.28923768284771,\n 48.04818270788198\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, James P.","contributorId":100323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetmore, C. M.","contributorId":65036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021019,"text":"70021019 - 1999 - Growth patterns of Hawaiian Stilt chicks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70021019","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth patterns of Hawaiian Stilt chicks","docAbstract":"We studied chick growth and plumage patterns in the endangered Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni). Body mass of captive chicks closely fit a Gompertz growth curve, revealing a growth coefficient (K) of 0.065 day-1 and point of inflection (T) of 17 days. When chicks fledged about 28 days after hatching, they weighed only 60% of adult body mass; at 42 d, birds still were only 75% of adult mass; culmen, tarsus, and wing chord at fledging also were less than adult size. This trend of continued growth to adult size after fledging is typical for most shorebirds. After hatching, captive chicks grew more rapidly than wild chicks, probably because of an unlimited food supply. We found no evidence for adverse effects of weather on the growth of wild chicks. As with other shorebirds, the tarsus started relatively long, with culmen and then wing chord growing more rapidly in later development. Tarsal and wing chord growth were sigmoidal, whereas culmen growth was linear. We describe plumage characteristics of weekly age classes of chicks to help researchers age birds in the wild.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., Gray, E., Lewis, D., Oring, L., Coleman, R., Burr, T., and Luscomb, P., 1999, Growth patterns of Hawaiian Stilt chicks: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 111, no. 4, p. 478-487.","startPage":"478","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dfee4b0c8380cd5c1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.M.","contributorId":66441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, E.M.","contributorId":62781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, D.","contributorId":7444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oring, L.W.","contributorId":46451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oring","given":"L.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coleman, R.","contributorId":47520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burr, T.","contributorId":88062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burr","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luscomb, P.","contributorId":106278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luscomb","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021819,"text":"70021819 - 1999 - Regional variability of slope stability: Application to the Eel margin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021819","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional variability of slope stability: Application to the Eel margin, California","docAbstract":"Relative values of downslope driving forces and sediment resisting forces determine the locations of submarine slope failures. Both of these vary regionally, and their impact can be addressed when the data are organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area on the continental margin near the Eel River provides an excellent opportunity to apply GIS spatial analysis techniques for evaluation of slope stability. In this area, swath bathymetric mapping shows seafloor morphology and distribution of slope steepness in fine detail, and sediment analysis of over 70 box cores delineates the variability of sediment density near the seafloor surface. Based on the results of ten geotechnical studies of submarine study areas, we developed an algorithm that relates surface sediment density to the shear strength appropriate to the type of cyclic loading produced by an earthquake. Strength and stress normalization procedures provide results that are conceptually independent of subbottom depth. Results at depth are rigorously applicable if sediment lithology does not vary significantly and consolidation state can be estimated. Otherwise, the method applies only to shallow-seated slope failure. Regional density, slope, and level of anticipated seismic shaking information were combined in a GIS framework to yield a map that illustrates the relative stability of slopes in the face of seismically induced failure. When a measure of predicted relative slope stability is draped on an oblique view of swath bathymetry, a variation in this slope stability is observed on an otherwise smooth slope along the mid-slope region north of a plunging anticline. The section of slope containing diffuse, pockmarked gullies has a lower measure of stability than a separate section containing gullies that have sharper boundaries and somewhat steeper sides. Such an association suggests that our slope-stability analysis relates to the stability of the gully sides. The remainder of the study area shows few obvious indications of slope instability except for a feature that has become known as the 'Humboldt Slide,' but it is too deep-seated to be amenable to the slope-stability-prediction techniques presented herein. In general, few slope failures have been mapped in the Eel margin study area despite the high level of seismicity, the relatively high rates of sediment accumulation, and the extent of gas charging observed by others.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00120-0","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Locat, J., Dartnell, P., Israel, K., and Florence, W., 1999, Regional variability of slope stability: Application to the Eel margin, California: Marine Geology, v. 154, no. 1-4, p. 305-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00120-0.","startPage":"305","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206240,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00120-0"},{"id":229188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a595e4b0e8fec6cdbe81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, H.","contributorId":40739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Israel, K.","contributorId":54075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Israel","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Florence, Wong","contributorId":22205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Florence","given":"Wong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1008151,"text":"1008151 - 1999 - Reexamining fire suppression impacts on brushland fire regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T13:16:55","indexId":"1008151","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reexamining fire suppression impacts on brushland fire regimes","docAbstract":"California shrubland wildfires are increasingly destructive, and it is widely held that the problem has been intensified by fire suppression, leading to larger, more intense wildfires. However, analysis of the California Statewide Fire History Database shows that, since 1910, fire frequency and area burned have not declined, and fire size has not increased. Fire rotation intervals have declined, and fire season has not changed, implying that fire intensity has not increased. Fire frequency and population density were correlated, and it is suggested that fire suppression plays a critical role in offsetting potential impacts of increased ignitions. Large fires were not dependent on old age classes of fuels, and it is thus unlikely that age class manipulation of fuels can prevent large fires. Expansion of the urban-wildland interface is a key factor in wildland fire destruction.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.284.5421.1829","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., Fotheringham, C.J., and Morais, M., 1999, Reexamining fire suppression impacts on brushland fire regimes: Science, v. 284, no. 5421, p. 1829-1832, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5421.1829.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1829","endPage":"1832","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"284","issue":"5421","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6351e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fotheringham, C. J.","contributorId":63334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fotheringham","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morais, Marco","contributorId":175075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morais","given":"Marco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021450,"text":"70021450 - 1999 - Galileo's Multiinstrument Spectral View of Europa's Surface Composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:39","indexId":"70021450","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Galileo's Multiinstrument Spectral View of Europa's Surface Composition","docAbstract":"We have combined spectral reflectance data from the Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment, the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), and the Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) in an attempt to determine the composition and implied genesis of non-H2O components in the optical surface of Europa. We have considered four terrains: (1) the \"dark terrains\" on the trailing hemisphere, (2) the \"mottled terrain,\" (3) the linea on the leading hemisphere, and (4) the linea embedded in the dark terrain on the trailing hemisphere. The darker materials in these terrains exhibit remarkably similar spectra in both the visible and near infrared. In the visible, a downturn toward shorter wavelengths has been attributed to sulfur. The broad concentrations of dark material on the trailing hemisphere was originally thought to be indicative of exogenic sulfur implantation. While an exogenic cause is still probable, more recent observations by the UVS team at higher spatial resolution have led to their suggestions that the role of the bombardment may have primarily been to sputter away overlying ice and to reveal underlying endogenic non-H2O contaminants. If so, this might explain why the spectra in all these terrains are so similar despite the fact that the contaminants in the linea are clearly endogenic and those in the mottled terrain are almost certainly so. In the near infrared, all these terrains exhibit much more asymmetrical bands at 1.4 and 2.0 ??m at shorter wavelengths than spectra from elsewhere on Europa. It has been argued that this is because the water molecules are bound in hydrated salts. However, this interpretation has been challenged and it has also been argued that pure coarse ice can exhibit such asymmetric bands under certain conditions. The nature of this controversy is briefly discussed, as are theoretical and experimental studies bearing on this problem. ?? 1999 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1999.6117","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Fanale, F.P., Granahan, J.C., McCord, T.B., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, C.A., Carlson, R., Matson, D., Ocampo, A., Kamp, L., Smythe, W., Leader, F., Mehlman, R., Greeley, R., Sullivan, R., Geissler, P., Barth, C., Hendrix, A., Clark, B., Helfenstein, P., Veverka, J., Belton, M.J., Becker, K., and Becker, T., 1999, Galileo's Multiinstrument Spectral View of Europa's Surface Composition: Icarus, v. 139, no. 2, p. 179-188, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6117.","startPage":"179","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206374,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6117"}],"volume":"139","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14aee4b0c8380cd54af4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granahan, J. C.","contributorId":39952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granahan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCord, T. B.","contributorId":69695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCord","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansen, G.","contributorId":30938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hibbitts, C. A.","contributorId":21703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbitts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carlson, R.","contributorId":30773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Matson, D.","contributorId":9433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ocampo, A.","contributorId":51934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ocampo","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kamp, L.","contributorId":32312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Smythe, W.","contributorId":9412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leader, F.","contributorId":37942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Sullivan, R.","contributorId":63134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Geissler, P.","contributorId":45662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Barth, C.","contributorId":31264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barth","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hendrix, A.","contributorId":88218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendrix","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Clark, B.","contributorId":30224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Helfenstein, P.","contributorId":69306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helfenstein","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Becker, K.","contributorId":96437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Becker, T.","contributorId":78125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70021015,"text":"70021015 - 1999 - Geology of the Barite Hill gold-silver deposit in the southern Carolina slate belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T15:03:23.817347","indexId":"70021015","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Barite Hill gold-silver deposit in the southern Carolina slate belt","docAbstract":"Barite Hill is a stratiform gold-silver deposit associated with base metal sulfides and barite in greenschist facies rocks. The deposit, southernmost of four recently mined gold deposits in the Carolina slate belt, is located in the Lincolnton-McCormick district of Georgia and South Carolina, which includes several known gold-silver and base metal deposits in a Kuroko-type geological setting along with deposits of kyanite and manganese. Approximately 1,835,000 g of gold was produced mainly from oxidized ores in the Main and Rainsford pits from 1990 until their closing in 1994. Ore is hosted by sericitically altered felsic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Late Proterozoic Persimmon Fork Formation. The deposit is stratigraphically below an overturned contact between upper and lower pyroclastic units, which overlie the Lincolnton metarhyolite, an intrusive unit. Gold-silver-rich zones in the Main pit are partly coincident with lenses of siliceous barite rock, but not confined to them, and occur more commonly in pyrite-quartz-altered fragmental rock. The Main pit ore is stratigraphically overlain by a zone of base metal and barite enrichment, which is, in turn, overlain by a talc-tremolite alteration zone locally. Siliceous barite zones are absent in the Rainsford pit, and gold-silver minerals are associated with silicified rocks and chert. The Barite Hill deposit is interpreted to be the result of Kuroko-type, volcanogenic, base metal sulfide mineralization, followed by gold-silver mineralization under epithermal conditions with the following stages of evolution: (1) massive sulfides, barite, and fine-grained siliceous exhalites were deposited during Late Proterozoic to Cambrian submarine volcanism, which was related to plate convergence and subduction in a microcontinental or island-arc setting distant from the North American continental plate; (2) Au-Ag-Te and base and precious metal Te-Se-Bi minerals were deposited either during waning stages of hydrothermal activity in a failed massive sulfide system or in a separate event; (3) sulfides and silica-barite rock recrystallized during regional deformation and greenschist facies metamorphism related to the Middle to Late Ordovician collision of the Carolina terrane with the North American continental plate; (4) quartz, barite, and gold were remobilized and formed veins that cut across cleavage; (5) orebodies were offset along high-angle faults; and (6) during weathering, base metal sulfides and barite dissolved and reprecipitated as supergene euhedral barite crystals that line ferric iron oxide-hydroxide gossans.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.94.8.1329","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.H., Gray, K.J., and Back, J.M., 1999, Geology of the Barite Hill gold-silver deposit in the southern Carolina slate belt: Economic Geology, v. 94, no. 8, p. 1329-1346, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.8.1329.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1346","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2506e4b0c8380cd5859e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Sandra H. B.","contributorId":88706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Karen J.","contributorId":93516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Back, Judith M.","contributorId":30339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189411,"text":"70189411 - 1999 - Implications of climate change for Alaska's seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T13:03:43","indexId":"70189411","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Implications of climate change for Alaska's seabirds","docAbstract":"Seabirds are prominent and highly visible components of marine ecosystems that will be affected by global climate change. The Bering Sea region is particularly important to seabirds; populations there are larger and more diverse than in any similar region in North America—over 90% of seabirds breeding in the continental United States are found in this region. Seabirds, so named because they spend at least 80% of their lives at sea, are dependent upon marine resources for food. As prey availability changes in response to climatically driven factors such as surface sea temperature and extent of sea ice, so will populations of seabirds be affected.
Seabirds are valued as indicators of healthy marine ecosystems and provide a “vicarious use value” or existence value—people appreciate and value seabirds simply because they are there and enjoy them through venues such as pictures, nature programs, and written accounts without ever directly observing seabirds in their native environment. A direct measure of this value is demonstrated by Federal legislation that established specific national wildlife refuges to protect seabirds and international treaty obligations that provide additional protection for seabirds. Seabirds are also an important subsistence resource for many who live within the Bering Sea region. Furthermore, the rich knowledge base about seabirds makes them a valuable resource as indicator species for measurement of change in the marine environment. Understanding this latter relationship is particularly important for seabirds as they can be dramatically affected by development-related activities (e.g., oil spills, fishing); understanding the population effects due to climatic change is critical to interpreting the actual effects of specific human activities or events.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the Consequences of Climate Change for Alaska and the Bering Sea Region","conferenceDate":"October 29–30, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Meehan, R., Byrd, G.V., Divoky, G.J., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Implications of climate change for Alaska's seabirds, in Assessing the consequences of climate change for Alaska and the Bering Sea region, Fairbanks, AK, October 29–30, 1998, p. 75-89.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.besis.uaf.edu/besis-oct98-report/besis-oct98-report.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673545e4b0d1f9f05dd7f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Weller, Gunter","contributorId":113764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weller","given":"Gunter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704533,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Patricia A.","contributorId":113425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patricia A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Meehan, Rosa","contributorId":190291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meehan","given":"Rosa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Divoky, George J.","contributorId":100912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Divoky","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021315,"text":"70021315 - 1999 - Bioassessment of mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the upper Mississippi river with Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T17:02:00","indexId":"70021315","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Bioassessment of mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the upper Mississippi river with Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)","title":"Bioassessment of mercury, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides in the upper Mississippi river with Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)","docAbstract":"Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were sampled from artificial substrates deployed from May 30 to October 19, 1995, at 19 locks and dams from Minneapolis, MN, to Muscatine, IA. Analyses of composite tissue samples of zebra mussels (10−20-mm length) revealed accumulation of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during a 143-d exposure period. Concentrations of total Hg ranged from 2.6 to 6.1 ng/g wet weight and methylmercury (CH3Hg) from 1.0 to 3.3 ng/g wet weight. About 50% (range 30−70%) of the mean total Hg in zebra mussels was CH3Hg. Cadmium ranged from 76 to 213 ng/g wet weight. Concentrations of total PCBs (Aroclor 1254) in zebra mussels varied longitudinally (range 1000−7330 ng/g lipid weight), but the composition of PCB congeners (total of 21 measured) was similar throughout the river. Chlordane and dieldrin were the only two pesticides detected of the 15 analyzed. Zebra mussels are sentinels of contaminant bioavailability in the Upper Mississippi River and may be an important link in the trophic transfer of contaminants in the river because of their increasing importance in the diets of certain fish and waterfowl.
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