{"pageNumber":"341","pageRowStart":"8500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":30846,"text":"wri894131 - 2001 - Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:04","indexId":"wri894131","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4131","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"On the basis of known hydrogeology of the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, a three-layer, finite-difference numerical model was constructed and calibrated as the primary tool to refine understanding of flow in the aquifers. The model was calibrated and tested for accuracy in simulating measured heads for nine periods of transient flow from 1886-1985. Testing and sensitivity analyses indicated that the model accurately simulated observed heads areally as well as through time.\r\n\r\nThe study indicates that the flow system is currently dominated by the distribution of pumping in relation to the distribution of areally variable confining units. Current withdrawal of about 200 million gallons per day has altered the prepumping flow paths, and effectively captured most of the water flowing through the aquifers. Ground-water flow is controlled by the altitude and location of sources of recharge and discharge, and by the hydraulic characteristics of the hydrogeologic units.\r\n\r\nLeakage between the Fort Pillow aquifer and Memphis aquifer, and between the Memphis aquifer and the water-table aquifers (alluvium and fluvial deposits) is a major component of the hydrologic budget. The study indicates that more than 50 percent of the water withdrawn from the Memphis aquifer in 1980 is derived from vertical leakage across confining units, and the leakage from the shallow aquifer (potential source of contamination) is not uniformly distributed. Simulated leakage was concentrated along the upper reaches of the Wolf and Loosahatchie Rivers, along the upper reaches of Nonconnah Creek, and the surficial aquifer of the Mississippi River alluvial plain. These simulations are supported by the geologic and geophysical evidence suggesting relatively thin or sandy confining units in these general locations. Because water from surficial aquifers is inferior in quality and more susceptible to contamination than water in the deeper aquifers, high rates of leakage to the Memphis aquifer may be cause for concern.\r\n\r\nA significant component of flow (12 percent) discharging from the Fort Pillow aquifer was calculated as upward leakage to the Memphis aquifer. This upward leakage was generally limited to areas near major pumping centers in the Memphis aquifer, where heads in the Memphis aquifer have been drawn significantly below heads in the Fort Pillow aquifer. Although the Fort Pillow aquifer is not capable of producing as much water as the Memphis aquifer for similar conditions, it is nonetheless a valuable resource throughout the area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri894131","usgsCitation":"Brahana, J., and Broshears, R.E., 2001, Hydrogeology and ground-water flow in the Memphis and Fort Pillow aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4131, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894131.","productDescription":"56 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4131.jpg"},{"id":2728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4131","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6274b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brahana, J. V.","contributorId":32926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brahana","given":"J. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Broshears, R. E.","contributorId":75552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30887,"text":"wri20004266 - 2001 - Simulation of flow in the upper North Coast Limestone Aquifer, Manati-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20004266","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4266","title":"Simulation of flow in the upper North Coast Limestone Aquifer, Manati-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional computer ground-water model was constructed of the Manati-Vega Baja area to improve the understanding of the unconfined upper aquifer within the North Coast Province of Puerto Rico. The modeled area covers approximately 79 square miles within the municipios of Manati and Vega Baja and small portions of Vega Alta and Barceloneta. \r\n\r\nSteady-state two-dimensional ground-water simulations were correlated to conditions prior to construction of the Laguna Tortuguero outlet channel in 1940 and calibrated to the observed potentiometric surface in March 1995. At the regional scale, the unconfined Upper North Coast Limestone aquifer is a diffuse ground-water flow system through the Aguada and Aymamon limestone units. The calibrated model input parameters for aquifer recharge varied from 2 inches per year in coastal areas to 18 inches per year in the upland areas south of Manati and Vega Baja. The calibrated transmissivity values ranged from less than 500 feet squared per day in the upland areas near the southern boundary to 70,000 feet squared per day in the areas west of Vega Baja. Increased ground-water withdrawals from 1.0 cubic foot per second for 1940 conditions to 26.3 cubic feet per second in 1995, has reduced the natural ground-water discharge to springs and wetland areas, and induced additional recharge from the rivers. The most important regional drainage feature is Laguna Tortuguero, which is the major ground-water discharge body for the upper aquifer, and has a drainage area of approximately 17 square miles. The discharge to the sea from Laguna Tortuguero through the outlet channel has been measured on a bi-monthly basis since 1974. The outflow represents a combination of ground- and surface-water discharge over the drainage area. \r\n\r\nHydrologic conditions, prior to construction of the Laguna Tortuguero outlet channel in 1943, can be considered natural conditions with minimal ground-water pumpage (1.0 cubic foot per second), and heads in the lagoon were 2.4 feet higher. The model was calibrated to March 1995 conditions during a dry period of minimal aquifer recharge and relatively constant water levels in the upper aquifer. For the steady-state 1995 model simulation, however, ground-water pumpage had been increased to 26.3 cubic foot per second, due to increased demand for public water supply, the heads at 0.9 feet, and the outflow to the sea at Laguna Tortuguero had been lowered considerably. Simulated ground-water inflow for 1940 hydrologic conditions included 35.9 cubic feet per second from areal recharge, contributions from streamflow along the southern boundary of 1.6 cubic feet per second, and streamflow infiltration to the upper aquifer of 4.2 cubic feet per second. Simulated ground-water outflow for 1940 hydrologic conditions are discharge to springs of 17.4 cubic feet per second, total ground-water withdrawals of 1.0 cubic feet per second, and aquifer contribution to streamflow or wetland areas of 23.4 cubic feet per second. \r\n\r\nSimulated ground-water inflow for hydrologic conditions of March 1995 include d contributions from streamflow along the southern boundary of 1.6 cubic feet per second, areal recharge of 35.9 cubic feet per second, and streamflow infiltration to the upper aquifer of 11 cubic feet per second. Simulated ground-water outflow for hydrologic conditions of March 1995 are ground-water withdrawals of 26.3 cubic feet per second, discharge from springs of 7.3 cubic feet per second, and aquifer contribution to streamflow or wetland areas of 14 .9 cubic feet per second. The overall ground-water budget increased from 41.8 cubic feet per second for 1940 conditions to 48.6 cubic feet per second for the hydrologic conditions of March 1995. The increase in ground-water budget is a direct result of increased ground-water withdrawals, which induced greater streamflow infiltration. \r\n\r\nSimulated ground-water flux to Laguna Tortuguero for 1940 conditions was 11 cubic feet per second, which drop","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri20004266","collaboration":"In cooperation with the\r\nPUERTO RICO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES and the PUERTO RICO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION","usgsCitation":"Cherry, G.S., 2001, Simulation of flow in the upper North Coast Limestone Aquifer, Manati-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4266, vi, 82 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004266.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4266/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.61777777777777,18.366944444444446 ], [ -66.61777777777777,18.5 ], [ -66.25,18.5 ], [ -66.25,18.366944444444446 ], [ -66.61777777777777,18.366944444444446 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db6485ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cherry, Gregory S. 0000-0002-5567-1587 gccherry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-1587","contributorId":1567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"Gregory","email":"gccherry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174541,"text":"70174541 - 2001 - Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T15:12:14","indexId":"70174541","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report","docAbstract":"

During the early 1990s (but echoing studies by S.T. Harding at the University of California, from as early as the 1930s), several lines of paleoclimate evidence in and around the Sierra Nevada Range have provided the water community in California with some real horror stories. By studying ancient tree stumps submerged in Lake Tahoe and Tenaya Lake, stumps that were emerging from Mono Lake during its recent decline, and stumps that were exhumed in the Walker River bed during the floods of 1997, paleoclimatologists like Scott Stine of California State University, Hayward, assembled a picture of epic droughts in the central Sierra Nevada during the medieval period. These droughts had to be severe to drop water levels in the lakes and rivers low enough for the trees to grow in the first place, and then had to last for hundreds of years to explain tree-ring counts in these sizeable stumps. Worse yet, the evidence suggested at least two such epic droughts, one ending close to 1100 and the other close to 1350. These epic droughts challenged paleoclimatologists, as well as modern climatologists and hydrologists, to understand and, ultimately, to determine the likelihood that such droughts might recur in the foreseeable future. The first challenge, however, was to verify that such droughts were more than local events and as extreme as suggested. At this year’s Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, held March 18–21, 2001, at Asilomar (Pacific Grove, Calif.), special sessions brought together scientists to compare paleoclimatic reconstructions of ancient droughts and pluvial (wet) epidodes to try to determine the nature of decadal and centennial climate fluctuations in western North America, with emphasis on California. A companion session brought together modern climatologists to report on the latest explanations (and evidence) for decadal climate variations during the instrumental era of the 20th century.

","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., 2001, Droughts, epic droughts and droughty centuries - lessons from a California paleoclimatic record: a PACLIM 2001 meeting report: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 14, no. 3, p. 51-53.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325160,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.water.ca.gov/iep/newsletters/2001/IEPNewsletterSummer2001.pdf"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2caee4b0589fa1c9809d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23528,"text":"ofr00400 - 2001 - Geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a Brownfield redevelopment site in East Moline, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T21:57:49.379715","indexId":"ofr00400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-400","title":"Geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a Brownfield redevelopment site in East Moline, Illinois","docAbstract":"An investigation of the geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a Brownfield redevelopment site in East Moline, Illinois, was designed to determine if metals and organic compounds detected in the fill deposits in this area posed a threat to the water resources. The hydrologic features of concern at the site are surface water at a pond and surrounding wetland, the Mississippi River, and an unnamed stream and ground water in the shallow aquifer. The shallow aquifer is composed of saturated fill, sand and gravel, and weathered bedrock.\r\nThe overall direction of surface- and ground-water flow in the study area is toward the Mississippi River. In the eastern part of the pond and wetland, ground water discharges to surface water. In the western part of the pond and wetland, surface water recharges to ground water. Everyday during the period for which water-level data were available, between 4.7 ' 10-4 and 1.4 ' 10-1 cubic feet of water flowed across a 1 square foot area of aquifer.\r\n\r\nVariations in values for oxidation-reduction potential and specific conductance may be affected by heterogeneity in the chemical composition of the fill and unconsolidated deposits and the bedrock units. Chemical and biological processes are altering the chemistry of the water in the pond relative to its ground-water source. Concentrations of iron and manganese in water samples appear to be affected by the local geochemical environment in the aquifer. The data do not indicate that contaminants in the fill material are having a substantial adverse affect on surface- or ground-water quality in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00400","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., 2001, Geology, hydrology, and water quality in the vicinity of a Brownfield redevelopment site in East Moline, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-400, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00400.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0400/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34753.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0400/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"East Moline","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.44804992760832,\n 41.53274118166826\n ],\n [\n -90.44804992760832,\n 41.5176579140813\n ],\n [\n -90.43697349005717,\n 41.5176579140813\n ],\n [\n -90.43697349005717,\n 41.53274118166826\n ],\n [\n -90.44804992760832,\n 41.53274118166826\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c67c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30730,"text":"fs04701 - 2001 - Selected findings and current perspectives on urban and agricultural water quality by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"fs04701","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"047-01","title":"Selected findings and current perspectives on urban and agricultural water quality by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"Studies by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program in the last decade describe water-quality conditions in nearly 120 agricultural and 35 urban watersheds ('urban' primarily refers to residential and commercial development over the last 50 years). The findings show that for both urban and agricultural areas, nonpoint chemical contamination is an issue. Much work still needs to be done in urban areas with point source contamination as well, including infrastructure improvements. Appreciable improvements in overall water quality, however, will depend upon effective management of point and nonpoint sources. The findings show that nonpoint chemical contamination is an agricultural and urban issue. Whereas a lot of work still needs to be pursued with point source contamination and infrastructure improvements in urban areas (such as related to combined and sanitary sewer overflows), appreciable improvements in water quality also will depend upon management of nonpoint sources. The NAWQA findings also show that water-quality conditions and aquatic health reflect a complex combination of land and chemical use, land-management practices, population density and watershed development, and natural features, such as soils, geology, hydrology, and climate. Contaminant concentrations vary from season to season and from watershed to watershed. Even among seemingly similar land uses and sources of contamination, different areas can have very different degrees of vulnerability and, therefore, have different rates at which improved treatment or management can lead to water-quality improvements.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs04701","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, Selected findings and current perspectives on urban and agricultural water quality by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 047-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04701.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2544,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/fs-047-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_047_01.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e318b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30888,"text":"wri004272 - 2001 - Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri004272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4272","title":"Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"Analysis of water levels in 21 wells in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site, provides information on the accuracy of hydraulic-head calculations, temporal water-level trends, and potential causes of water-level fluctuations. Accurate hydraulic heads are particularly important in Frenchman Flat where the hydraulic gradients are relatively flat (less than 1 foot per mile) in the alluvial aquifer. Temporal water-level trends with magnitudes near or exceeding the regional hydraulic gradient may have a substantial effect on ground-water flow directions.\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements can be adjusted for the effects of barometric pressure, formation water density (from water-temperature measurements), borehole deviation, and land-surface altitude in selected wells in the Frenchman Flat area. Water levels in one well were adjusted for the effect of density; this adjustment was significantly greater (about 17 feet) than the adjustment of water levels for barometric pressure, borehole deviation, or land-surface altitude (less than about 4 feet).\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements from five wells exhibited trends that were statistically and hydrologically significant. Statistically significant water-level trends were observed for three wells completed in the alluvial aquifer (WW-5a, UE-5n, and PW-3), for one well completed in the carbonate aquifer (SM-23), and for one well completed in the quartzite confining unit (Army-6a).\r\n\r\nPotential causes of water-level fluctuations in wells in the Frenchman Flat area include changes in atmospheric conditions (precipitation and barometric pressure), Earth tides, seismic activity, past underground nuclear testing, and nearby pumping. Periodic water-level measurements in some wells completed in the carbonate aquifer indicate cyclic-type water-level fluctuations that generally correlate with longer term changes (more than 5 years) in precipitation. Ground-water pumping fromthe alluvial aquifer at well WW-5c and pumping and discharge from well RNM-2s appear to cause water-level fluctuations in nearby observation wells. The remaining known sources of water-level fluctuations do not appear to substantially affect water-level changes (seismic activity and underground nuclear testing) or do not affect changes over a period of more than 1 year (barometric pressure and Earth tides) in wells in the Frenchman Flat area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004272","usgsCitation":"Bright, D., Watkins, S., and Lisle, B., 2001, Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4272, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004272.","productDescription":"43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004272","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bright, D.J.","contributorId":106159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisle, B.A.","contributorId":102529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":58061,"text":"wri014138 - 2001 - Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina: Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics, constituent transport, and water-quality characteristics, 1996–97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T21:43:47.104333","indexId":"wri014138","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4138","title":"Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina: Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics, constituent transport, and water-quality characteristics, 1996–97","docAbstract":"

Mountain Island Lake is an impoundment of the Catawba River in North Carolina and supplies drinking water to more than 600,000 people in Charlotte, Gastonia, Mount Holly, and several other communities. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities, conducted an investigation of the reservoir to characterize hydrologic and water-quality conditions and to develop and apply a simulation model to predict the response of the reservoir to changes in constituent loadings or the flow regime.

During 1996–97, flows into Mountain Island Lake were dominated by releases from Cowans Ford Dam on Lake Norman, with more than 85 percent of the total inflow to the reservoir coming from Lake Norman. Riverbend Steam Station discharges accounted for about 12 percent of the inflows to the reservoir, and inflows from tributary streams contributed less than 1.5 percent of the total inflows. Releases through Mountain Island Dam accounted for about 81 percent of outflows from the reservoir, while Riverbend Steam Station withdrawals, which were equal to discharge from the facility, constituted about 13 percent of the reservoir withdrawals. About 5.5 percent of the withdrawals from the reservoir were for water supply.

Strong thermal stratification was seldom observed in Mountain Island Lake during April 1996-September 1997. As a result, dissolved-oxygen concentrations were only infrequently less than 4 milligrams per liter, and seldom less than 5 milligrams per liter throughout the entire reservoir, including the coves. The Riverbend Steam Station thermal discharge had a pronounced effect on surface-water temperatures near the outfall.

McDowell Creek, which drains to McDowell Creek cove, receives treated wastewater from a large municipal facility and has exhibited signs of poor water-quality conditions in the past. During April 1996-September 1997, concentrations of nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a were higher in McDowell Creek cove than elsewhere throughout the reservoir. Nevertheless, the highest chlorophyll a concentration measured during the study was 13 micrograms per liter—well below the North Carolina ambient water-quality standard of 40 micrograms per liter. In the mainstem of the reservoir, near-bottom ammonia concentrations occasionally were greater than near-surface concentrations. However, the relatively large top-to-bottom differences in ammonia and phosphorus that have been observed in other Catawba River reservoirs were not present in Mountain Island Lake.

External loadings of suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and biochemical oxygen demand were determined for May 1996-April 1997. Flows through Cowans Ford Dam contributed more than 80 percent of the biochemical oxygen demand and nitrogen load to the reservoir, with McDowell Creek contributing about 15 percent of the biochemical oxygen demand load. In contrast, McDowell Creek contributed about half of the phosphorus load to the reservoir, while inflows through Cowans Ford Dam contributed about one-fourth of the phosphorus load, and the McDowell Creek wastewater-treatment plant contributed about 15 percent of the total phosphorus load. The remainder of the phosphorus loadings came from Gar Creek and the discharge from the Riverbend ash settling pond.

Mountain Island Lake is a relatively small (11.3-square-kilometer surface area) impoundment. An area of 181 square kilometers drains directly to the reservoir, but much of this area is undergoing development. In addition, the reservoir receives treated effluent from a municipal wastewater-treatment facility.

The two-dimensional, laterally averaged model CE-QUAL-W2 was applied to Mountain Island Lake. The model was configured to simulate water level, water temperature, and 12 water-quality constituents. The model included the mainstem, four coves, three point-source discharges, and three withdrawals.

Simulated water levels generally were within 10 centimeters of measured values, indicating a good calibration of the water balance for the reservoir. The root-mean-square difference between measured and simulated water temperatures was about 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, and vertical distributions of water temperature were accurately simulated in both the mainstem and coves.

Seasonal and spatial patterns of nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphorus, and chlorophyll a were reasonably reproduced by the water-quality model. Because of the absence of the denitrification process in the model formulation, nitrate concentrations typically were overpredicted. Simulated and measured ammonia concentrations seldom differed by more than 0.01 milligram per liter, and simulations of seasonal fluctuations in chlorophyll a were representative of measured conditions. The root mean square of the difference between measured and simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations was about 1 milligram per liter.

The calibrated water-quality model was applied to evaluate (1) the movement of a conservative, neutrally buoyant material, or tracer, through the reservoir for several sets of conditions; (2) the effects of the Riverbend thermal discharge on water temperature in the reservoir; (3) the effects of changes in water-supply withdrawal rates on water-quality conditions; and (4) changes in reservoir water quality in response to changes in point- and nonpoint-source loadings. In general, dissolved material entering Mountain Island Lake from both Cowans Ford Dam and McDowell Creek during the summer moves along the bottom of the lake toward Mountain Island Dam, with little mixing of dissolved material into the surface layers. Simulations suggest that dissolved material can move upstream in the reservoir when flows from Cowans Ford Dam are near zero. Dissolved material can remain in Mountain Island Lake for a period far in excess of the theoretical retention time of 12 days.

Simulations indicated that the Riverbend thermal discharge increases water temperature in the surface layers of the downstream part of the reservoir by as much as 5 degrees Celsius. However, the discharge has little effect on near-bottom water temperature.

Based on model simulations, a proposed doubling of the water-supply withdrawals from Mountain Island Lake has no readily apparent effect on water quality in the reservoir. The increased withdrawal rate may have some localized effects on circulation in the reservoir, but a more detailed model of the intake zone would be required to identify those effects.

The effects of a 20-percent increase in water-chemistry loadings through Cowans Ford Dam and from McDowell Creek were simulated separately. Increased loadings from Cowans Ford Dam had about the same effect on water-quality conditions near Mountain Island Dam as did increased loadings from McDowell Creek. Maintaining good water quality in Mountain Island Lake depends on maintaining good water quality in Lake Norman as well as in the inflows from the McDowell Creek watershed.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities","usgsCitation":"Bales, J.D., Sarver, K.M., and Giorgino, M.J., 2001, Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina: Analysis of ambient conditions and simulation of hydrodynamics, constituent transport, and water-quality characteristics, 1996–97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4138, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014138.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430579,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42928.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4138/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":5988,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4138/wri20014138.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4138"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Catawba River, Mountain Island Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 34.164090803573124\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -80.45013427734375,\n 34.277644878733824\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 34.397844946449865\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 34.655803905058974\n ],\n [\n -80.58746337890625,\n 34.836349990763864\n ],\n [\n -80.67535400390625,\n 35.05248370662468\n ],\n [\n -80.738525390625,\n 35.69745580725804\n ],\n [\n -80.74127197265625,\n 35.72421761691415\n ],\n [\n -80.96649169921875,\n 35.909073928771534\n ],\n [\n -81.5625,\n 35.875698032496665\n ],\n [\n -81.85638427734375,\n 35.88014896488361\n ],\n [\n -82.02667236328125,\n 35.79108281624994\n ],\n [\n -82.09259033203125,\n 35.68853320738875\n ],\n [\n -82.01019287109375,\n 35.60818490437746\n ],\n [\n -81.80419921875,\n 35.634976650677295\n ],\n [\n -81.73278808593749,\n 35.628279555648845\n ],\n [\n -81.70257568359375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -81.55975341796875,\n 35.58138418324621\n ],\n [\n -81.5020751953125,\n 35.564629176277855\n ],\n [\n -81.50482177734375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n -81.49932861328125,\n 35.07271701786369\n ],\n [\n -81.42379760742188,\n 34.95349314197422\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 34.807038111521614\n ],\n [\n -81.03790283203125,\n 34.52918706954935\n ],\n [\n -80.98846435546875,\n 34.3774457585774\n ],\n [\n -80.8319091796875,\n 34.164090803573124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":258245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarver, Kathleen M.","contributorId":81939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarver","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgino, Mary J.","contributorId":55862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgino","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38271,"text":"pp1629 - 2001 - Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:08:16","indexId":"pp1629","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1629","title":"Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"An aquifer test conducted in a sand and gravel, glacial outwash deposit on Cape Cod, Massachusetts was analyzed by means of a model for flow to a partially penetrating well in a homogeneous, anisotropic unconfined aquifer. The model is designed to account for all significant mechanisms expected to influence drawdown in observation piezometers and in the pumped well. In addition to the usual fluid-flow and storage processes, additional processes include effects of storage in the pumped well, storage in observation piezometers, effects of skin at the pumped-well screen, and effects of drainage from the zone above the water table.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1629","usgsCitation":"Moench, A.F., Garabedian, S.P., and LeBlanc, D.R., 2001, Estimation of hydraulic parameters from an unconfined aquifer test conducted in a glacial outwash deposit, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1629, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1629.","productDescription":"69 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1629.jpg"},{"id":3500,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1629/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -69.873046875,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.09007006868398\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 41.566141964768384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moench, Allen F. afmoench@usgs.gov","contributorId":3903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"Allen","email":"afmoench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":219477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, Stephen P.","contributorId":91090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30904,"text":"wri014035 - 2001 - Hydrogeology, model description, and flow analysis of the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-29T08:27:01","indexId":"wri014035","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4035","title":"Hydrogeology, model description, and flow analysis of the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River alluvial aquifer underlies a 7,000-square-mile area of the Mississippi River alluvial plain in northwestern Mississippi, an area locally known as the Delta. The alluvial aquifer is the most heavily pumped aquifer in Mississippi, and wells yielding more than 2,000 gallons per minute are common. About 98 percent of the pumpage from the alluvial aquifer is for agriculture. The sand and gravel that form the alluvial aquifer averages about 110 feet in thickness. The aquifer is confined over most of the Delta, and the upper confining unit averages about 25 feet in thickness. The average depth to water in the alluvial aquifer during fall 1999 was about 25 feet. The alluvial aquifer receives lateral recharge at the western boundary from the Mississippi River and at the eastern boundary from aquifers that directly underlie the Bluff Hills. The alluvial aquifer receives water vertically from precipitation, internal streams and lakes, and locally from the Cockfield and Sparta aquifers where they directly underlie the alluvial aquifer. The alluvial aquifer also discharges water to the underlying aquifers, and during extended periods with no surface runoff, to the Mississippi River and to the internal streams and lakes. The magnitude of recharge from the Mississippi River, precipitation, and internal lakes and streams can vary greatly depending upon hydrologic and climatic conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey modular threedimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW, was used to simulate the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer flow system in northwestern Mississippi. The model uses one layer with a rectangular-grid and 1-mile square cells to represent the alluvial aquifer. The model was calibrated and verified by using spring and fall water-level measurements from January 1988 through December 1996. The values of selected model calibration-derived parameters for the alluvial aquifer are hydraulic conductivity, 425 feet per day; specific yield, 0.32; and storage coefficient, 0.016. The model showed that the aquifer lost water from storage at an average rate of 404 cubic feet per second during the 9-year simulation period. During this period, the average pumpage rate was 1,270 million gallons per day (1,980 cubic feet per second). Simulated areal recharge from precipitation averaged 2.6 inches per year (1,360 cubic feet per second). Vertical recharge from the internal streams and lakes and lateral recharge from aquifers underlying the Bluff Hills averaged 113 and 108 cubic feet per second, respectively. Model results indicated that net recharge from the Mississippi River and from aquifers directly underlying the alluvial aquifer was small. ","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wri014035","usgsCitation":"Arthur, J.K., 2001, Hydrogeology, model description, and flow analysis of the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer in northwestern Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4035, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014035.","productDescription":"47 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352893,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://permanent.access.gpo.gov/LPS104393/LPS104393/ms.water.usgs.gov/ms_proj/reports/WRIR_01-4035.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/ms_proj/reports/WRIR_01-4035.pdf ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 34.903952965590065\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 33.99802726234877\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.24997445586331\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 32.30570601389429\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 33.43144133557529\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 33.90689555128866\n ],\n [\n -90.59326171875,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -90.263671875,\n 35.06597313798418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e479fe4b07f02db492f52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arthur, J. K.","contributorId":56223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arthur","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30881,"text":"wri004238 - 2001 - Water chemistry near the closed Norman Landfill, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T22:20:17.404954","indexId":"wri004238","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4238","title":"Water chemistry near the closed Norman Landfill, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1995","docAbstract":"The Norman Landfill was selected for study as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program in 1994. The landfill is located south of the City of Norman on alluvial deposits of the Canadian River. Type of waste deposited in the landfill from 1922 to 1973 was largely unrestricted and may include substances now recognized as hazardous. Dissolved and suspended substances leached from wastes in the closed and capped landfill are now in ground water extending toward the Canadian River as a plume of leachate.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected from two stock wells, one domestic well, temporary drive-point wells, the Canadian River, and a small intermittent stream hydraulically downgradient of the capped landfill known as the slough. Most constituent concentrations were greater in ground water downgradient from the capped landfill than in background ground water and were greater in the slough than in the Canadian River. Concentrations of most constituents in the Canadian River, other than sulfate, manganese, and iron, were similar to concentrations in background ground water.\r\n\r\nSome constituents measured in ground-water for this investigation are potential indicators of leachate contamination. Potential indicators that could be used to differentiate leachate contaminated water from uncontaminated ground water of the alluvial aquifer include specific conductance, chloride, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, boron, and dD. Specific conductance and chloride were greater in water from wells downgradient of the landfill than water from background wells. Dissolved organic carbon and boron also were greater in the leachate contaminated ground water than in background ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004238","usgsCitation":"Schlottmann, J.L., 2001, Water chemistry near the closed Norman Landfill, Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4238, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004238.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":395735,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37606.htm"},{"id":2790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","city":"Norman","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.458,\n 35.154\n ],\n [\n -97.438,\n 35.154\n ],\n [\n -97.438,\n 35.183\n ],\n [\n -97.458,\n 35.183\n ],\n [\n -97.458,\n 35.154\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d3e4b07f02db548dda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156758,"text":"70156758 - 2001 - Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-27T13:02:01","indexId":"70156758","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide","docAbstract":"

Simple but effective models are needed for the prediction of rainfall interception under a full range of environmental and management conditions. The Liu model was validated using data published in the literature and was compared with two leading models in the literature: the Rutter and the Gash models. The Liu model was tested against the Rutter model on a single-storm basis with interception measurements observed from an old-growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in Oregon, USA. Simulated results by the Liu model were close to the measurements and comparable to those predicted by the Rutter model. The Liu model was further tested against the Gash model on a multistorm basis. The Gash and Liu models successfully predicted long-term interception losses from a broad range of 20 forests around the world. Results also indicated that both the Gash and the Liu models could be used to predict rainfall interception using daily rainfall data, although it was assumed in both models that there is only one storm per rain day. The sensitivity of the Liu model to stand storage capacity, canopy gap fraction and evaporation rate from wet canopy surface during rainfall was investigated. Results indicate that the Liu model has the simplest form, least data requirements and comparable accuracy for predicting rainfall interception as compared with the Rutter and the Gash models.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.264","usgsCitation":"Liu, S., 2001, Evaluation of the Liu model for predicting rainfall interception in forests world-wide: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 2, p. 2341-1360, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.264.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2341","endPage":"1360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b8e4b0f42e3d040e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Shu-Guang sliu@usgs.gov","contributorId":984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shu-Guang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30873,"text":"wri004201 - 2001 - Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-07T20:20:05.96218","indexId":"wri004201","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4201","title":"Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay","docAbstract":"

Irondequoit Creek drains 169 square miles in the eastern part of Monroe County. Nutrients transported by Irondequoit Creek to Irondequoit Bay on Lake Ontario have contributed to the eutrophication of the Bay. Sewage-treatment-plant effluent, a major source of nutrients to the creek and its tributaries, was eliminated from the basin in 1979 by diversion to a regional wastewater-treatment facility, but sediment and contaminants from nonpoint sources continue to enter the creek and Irondequoit Bay.

This report analyzes data from five surface-water monitoring sites in the Irondequoit Creek basin. Irondequoit Creek at Railroad Mills, East Branch Allen Creek at Pittsford, Allen Creek near Rochester, Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road, and Irondequoit Creek at Empire Boulevard. It is the third in a series of reports that present interpretive analyses of the hydrologic data collected in Monroe County since 1984. Also included are data from a site on Northrup Creek, which drains a 23.5-square-mile basin west of the Genesee River in western Monroe County, to provide information on surface-water quality in a stream west of the Genesee River and on loads of nutrients delivered to Long Pond, a small eutrophic embayment of Lake Ontario, and data from the Genesee River for comparison of historical water-quality conditions with 1994-96 conditions. Water-level and water-quality data from nine observation wells in Ellison Park, and atmospheric-deposition data from Mendon Ponds, also are included.

Average annual yields of chemical constituents from atmospheric deposition for 1994-96 were generally similar to those for the previous 10 years (1984-93), except for dissolved sodium, dissolved potassium, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate, which ranged from 42 percent (dissolved sodium) to 275 percent (dissolved potassium) greater than during 1984-93, and dissolved sulfate and ammonia, which were about 30 percent less than in 1984-93.

Loads of all nutrients deposited in the Irondequoit Creek basin from atmospheric sources during water years 1994-96 exceeded those removed by Irondequoit Creek at Blossom Road—ammonia by 5,600 percent, orthophosphate by 2,500 percent, ammonia + organic nitrogen by 350 percent, total phosphorus by 300 percent and nitrite + nitrate by 140 percent. Average yields of dissolved chloride and dissolved sulfate from atmospheric deposition were much less than those transported in streamflow—yields of dissolved chloride from atmospheric sources were only 1.9 percent, and yields of sulfate were only 9.2 percent, of those transported in streamflow at Blossom Road.

Concentrations of several chemical constituents in streams of the Irondequoit Creek basin showed statistically significant trends from the beginning of their period of record through 1996. The constituents that showed the greatest number of statistically significant trends were dissolved chloride, ammonia, and ammonia + organic nitrogen. Dissolved chloride showed an upward trend at Blossom Road, Allen Creek, and Empire Boulevard and a downward trend at Railroad Mills. Ammonia showed downward trends at Allen Creek, Blossom Road and Railroad Mills. Ammonia + organic nitrogen showed a downward trend at Allen Creek, Blossom Road, and Empire Boulevard. Nitrite + nitrate showed a downward trend at Allen Creek, and orthophosphate showed an upward trend at that site. Turbidity and total suspended solids showed a downward trend at Empire Boulevard. Neither total phosphorus nor volatile suspended solids showed statistically significant trends in concentration at any of the Irondequoit basin sites.

Northrup Creek showed a downward trend in total suspended solids and ammonia + organic nitrogen, and an upward trend in dissolved chloride. The Genesee River showed a downward trend in ammonia + organic nitrogen and chloride, and an upward trend in orthophosphate.

Most constituents for the 1994-96 water years showed lower average yields at Blossom Road than for the 1989-93 water years, but dissolved chloride showed higher yields for the 1994-96 water years at all sites except Blossom Road. Ammonia + organic nitrogen and total phosphorus showed a decrease in yield at all sites after 1993, and nitrite + nitrate showed slightly higher yields for 1994-96 at the upstream, predominantly rural sites, and lower yields at the downstream, more urban sites, than during 1989-93.

The trends and changes in surface-water quality after 1993 can be attributed to several factors within the basin, including land-use changes, annual and seasonal variations in streamflow, and year-to-year variations in the application of deicing salts on area roads. Statistical analyses of long-term (9 years or more) streamflow records of three unregulated streams in Monroe County indicate that annual mean flows for water years 1994-96 were in the normal range (75th to 25th percentile), although Allen Creek showed a statistically significant downward trend in monthly mean streamflow over the 1984-96 water years.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Monroe County Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Sherwood, D.A., 2001, Water resources of Monroe County, New York, water years 1994-96, with emphasis on water quality in the Irondequoit Creek basin: Atmospheric deposition, ground water, streamflow, trends in water quality, and chemical loads to Irondequoit Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4201, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004201.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":401888,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37344.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":324245,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4201/wri20004201.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4201"},{"id":161468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4201/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-77.3792,43.2748],[-77.3756,43.1898],[-77.3731,43.1221],[-77.3719,43.0329],[-77.4866,43.0321],[-77.4822,42.9431],[-77.5805,42.9438],[-77.635,42.9443],[-77.6374,42.9397],[-77.7582,42.9404],[-77.7602,42.9426],[-77.7583,42.9445],[-77.7527,42.9455],[-77.747,42.9438],[-77.7378,42.9476],[-77.7321,42.9449],[-77.7309,42.9468],[-77.7343,42.9549],[-77.7311,42.9554],[-77.7279,42.9532],[-77.7244,42.9592],[-77.7265,42.9655],[-77.7235,42.9719],[-77.7185,42.9715],[-77.718,42.9738],[-77.7213,42.9797],[-77.7326,42.9818],[-77.731,42.9882],[-77.9101,42.9877],[-77.9098,43.0141],[-77.9068,43.0369],[-77.9527,43.0392],[-77.9083,43.132],[-77.9981,43.1321],[-77.9985,43.2818],[-77.9959,43.3656],[-77.9921,43.3657],[-77.9877,43.3662],[-77.9827,43.3677],[-77.9771,43.3687],[-77.9701,43.3679],[-77.9562,43.3668],[-77.9365,43.3626],[-77.9327,43.3604],[-77.9251,43.3587],[-77.9168,43.3575],[-77.908,43.3572],[-77.9004,43.3565],[-77.8985,43.3551],[-77.894,43.3534],[-77.8902,43.3526],[-77.8737,43.3501],[-77.8592,43.3486],[-77.8523,43.3487],[-77.8333,43.3458],[-77.8149,43.343],[-77.7909,43.3398],[-77.7827,43.3394],[-77.777,43.34],[-77.7733,43.341],[-77.7702,43.3415],[-77.7677,43.3424],[-77.7645,43.3425],[-77.7594,43.3412],[-77.755,43.339],[-77.7486,43.3355],[-77.7409,43.3329],[-77.7339,43.3316],[-77.725,43.3277],[-77.7186,43.3255],[-77.7148,43.3233],[-77.7128,43.3202],[-77.7121,43.3179],[-77.712,43.3161],[-77.712,43.3147],[-77.7126,43.3147],[-77.7145,43.3147],[-77.7152,43.3165],[-77.7178,43.3183],[-77.7216,43.3191],[-77.7247,43.3186],[-77.7278,43.3176],[-77.7291,43.3172],[-77.7284,43.3158],[-77.7252,43.3154],[-77.7214,43.3145],[-77.7189,43.3137],[-77.7176,43.3123],[-77.7181,43.3105],[-77.7181,43.3092],[-77.7105,43.3079],[-77.7079,43.307],[-77.7074,43.3084],[-77.7087,43.3102],[-77.7081,43.3107],[-77.7049,43.3098],[-77.6953,43.3041],[-77.676,43.2916],[-77.6619,43.2832],[-77.6555,43.2797],[-77.6479,43.2775],[-77.639,43.275],[-77.6243,43.2679],[-77.6166,43.2635],[-77.6032,43.256],[-77.5821,43.2463],[-77.5643,43.2393],[-77.5535,43.2367],[-77.5428,43.2351],[-77.539,43.2356],[-77.5359,43.2356],[-77.5272,43.2385],[-77.5135,43.2451],[-77.508,43.2479],[-77.5055,43.2489],[-77.5017,43.2494],[-77.4973,43.249],[-77.4873,43.2505],[-77.4779,43.2538],[-77.4717,43.2562],[-77.4586,43.2587],[-77.4448,43.2616],[-77.4318,43.2673],[-77.4262,43.2701],[-77.4199,43.2697],[-77.4105,43.2703],[-77.403,43.2713],[-77.3961,43.2746],[-77.3886,43.2761],[-77.3792,43.2748]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"NY\"}}]}","contact":"

Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherwood, Donald A.","contributorId":103267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherwood","given":"Donald","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185192,"text":"70185192 - 2001 - A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-02T13:44:40","indexId":"70185192","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater","docAbstract":"

We report a new method for measurement of the isotopic composition of nitrate (NO3-) at the natural-abundance level in both seawater and freshwater. The method is based on the isotopic analysis of nitrous oxide (N2O) generated from nitrate by denitrifying bacteria that lack N2O-reductase activity. The isotopic composition of both nitrogen and oxygen from nitrate are accessible in this way. In this first of two companion manuscripts, we describe the basic protocol and results for the nitrogen isotopes. The precision of the method is better than 0.2‰ (1 SD) at concentrations of nitrate down to 1 μM, and the nitrogen isotopic differences among various standards and samples are accurately reproduced. For samples with 1 μM nitrate or more, the blank of the method is less than 10% of the signal size, and various approaches may reduce it further.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac010088e","usgsCitation":"Sigman, D., Casciotti, K., Andreani, M., Barford, C., Galanter, M., and Böhlke, J., 2001, A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 17, p. 4145-4153, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010088e.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"4145","endPage":"4153","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41fe4b0849ce97dc76c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sigman, D.M.","contributorId":189317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigman","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casciotti, K.L.","contributorId":57653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casciotti","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreani, M.","contributorId":189388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andreani","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barford, C.","contributorId":189389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barford","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Galanter, M.","contributorId":189390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galanter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169933,"text":"70169933 - 2001 - Sampling protocol to assess and monitor off-farm transport of waste-associated chemical and microbial constituents present of swine feeding operations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:18:59","indexId":"70169933","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Sampling protocol to assess and monitor off-farm transport of waste-associated chemical and microbial constituents present of swine feeding operations","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Environmental Health/Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects/Health Studies Branch","publisherLocation":"Atlanta, GA","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 2001, Sampling protocol to assess and monitor off-farm transport of waste-associated chemical and microbial constituents present of swine feeding operations, 50 p.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fd02abe4b0a6037df2cb35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24902,"text":"ofr200164 - 2001 - Statistical Summary of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data from the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe Drainage Basins Before, During, and After H-3 Highway Construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"ofr200164","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-64","title":"Statistical Summary of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data from the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe Drainage Basins Before, During, and After H-3 Highway Construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-99","docAbstract":"This report provides statistical summaries of rainfall, streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data collected in the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe drainage basins before, during, and after construction of the H-3 Highway on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Methods of data collection also are described. Data collected during water years 1983 through 1999 at eight streamflow and six stream water-quality gaging stations, and two water-quality stations located in Waimaluhia Reservoir are included. Physiographic data for all basins contributing to the 14 stream stations as well as brief land-use descriptions of the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe drainage basins are provided.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr200164","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Wong, M.F., and Young, S.T., 2001, Statistical Summary of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data from the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe Drainage Basins Before, During, and After H-3 Highway Construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-99: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-64, vi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200164.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hi.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/ofr/ofr01-64.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2001_64.jpg"},{"id":13724,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.96666666666667,21.333333333333332 ], [ -157.96666666666667,21.466666666666665 ], [ -157.73333333333332,21.466666666666665 ], [ -157.73333333333332,21.333333333333332 ], [ -157.96666666666667,21.333333333333332 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e338e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wong, Michael F.","contributorId":43815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Stacie T. M.","contributorId":63432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Stacie","email":"","middleInitial":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30882,"text":"wri004240 - 2001 - Ground-water hydrology of Dugway Proving Ground and adjoining area, Tooele and Juab counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-02T15:42:28","indexId":"wri004240","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4240","title":"Ground-water hydrology of Dugway Proving Ground and adjoining area, Tooele and Juab counties, Utah","docAbstract":"

Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a U.S. Department of Defense chemical, biological, and explosives testing facility in northwestern Utah.  The facility includes about 620 mi2 in Tooele County.  The town of Dugway, referred to as English Village, is the administrative headquarters for the military facility, the primary residential area, and community center.  The English Village area is located at the southern end of Skull Valley and is separated from the Fries area by a surface-water divide.  Most of the facility is located just to the west of Skull Valley in Government Creek Valley, Dugway Valley, and the Great Salt Lake Desert (fig. 1).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/wri004240","usgsCitation":"Steiger, J.I., and Freethey, G.W., 2001, Ground-water hydrology of Dugway Proving Ground and adjoining area, Tooele and Juab counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4240, 4 Sheets: 38.25 x 24.91 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004240.","productDescription":"4 Sheets: 38.25 x 24.91 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326626,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4240/plate-1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1"},{"id":160549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri004240.PNG"},{"id":326627,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4240/plate-2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2"},{"id":326628,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4240/plate-3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3"},{"id":326629,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4240/plate-4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County, Tooele County","otherGeospatial":"Dugway Proving Ground","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.81561279296875,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -113.81561279296875,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -112.60986328125,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n -113.81561279296875,\n 39.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668d17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":204269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freethey, Geoffrey W.","contributorId":25570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freethey","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31196,"text":"ofr00513 - 2001 - National Irrigation Water Quality Program data-synthesis data base","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:56:27","indexId":"ofr00513","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-513","title":"National Irrigation Water Quality Program data-synthesis data base","docAbstract":"Under the National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP) of the U.S. Department of the Interior, researchers investigated contamination caused by irrigation drainage in 26 areas in the Western United States from 1986 to 1993. From 1992 to 1995, a comprehensive relational data base was built to organize data collected during the 26-area investigations. The data base provided the basis for analysis and synthesis of these data to identify common features of contaminated areas and hence dominant biologic, geologic, climatic, chemical, and physiographic factors that have resulted in contamination of water and biota in irrigated areas in the Western United States. Included in the data base are geologic, hydrologic, climatological, chemical, and cultural data that describe the 26 study areas in 14 Western States. The data base contains information on 1,264 sites from which water and bottom sediment were collected. It also contains chemical data from 6,903 analyses of surface water, 914 analyses of ground water, 707 analyses of inorganic constituents in bottom sediments, 223 analyses of organochlorine pesticides in bottom sediments, 8,217 analyses of inorganic constituents in biota, and 1,088 analyses for organic constituents in biota. The data base is available to the public and can be obtained at the NIWQP homepage http://www.usbr.gov/niwqp as dBase III tables for personal-computer systems or as American Standard Code for Information Exchange structured query language (SQL) command and data files for SQL data bases.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00513","usgsCitation":"Seiler, R.L., and Skorupa, J.P., 2001, National Irrigation Water Quality Program data-synthesis data base: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-513, iv, 35 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00513.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr00513/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fc216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seiler, Ralph L.","contributorId":13609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seiler","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skorupa, Joseph P.","contributorId":54980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skorupa","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30906,"text":"wri014041 - 2001 - Modeling water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:12:57","indexId":"wri014041","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4041","title":"Modeling water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-1997","docAbstract":"

The calibration of a model of flow, temperature, and water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, originally calibrated for the summers of 1991 through 1993, was extended to the summers of 1991 through 1997. The model is now calibrated for a total period of 42 months during the May through October periods of 7 hydrologically distinct years. Based on a modified version of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers model CE-QUAL-W2, this model provides a good fit to the measured data for streamflow, water temperature, and water quality constituents such as chloride, ammonia, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, phytoplankton, and dissolved oxygen. In particular, the model simulates ammonia concentrations and the effects of instream ammonia nitrification very well, which is critical to ongoing efforts to revise ammonia regulations for the Tualatin River. In addition, the model simulates the timing, duration, and relative size of algal blooms with sufficient accuracy to provide important insights for regulators and managers of this river.Efforts to limit the size of algal blooms through phosphorus control measures are apparent in the model simulations, which show this limitation on algal growth. Such measures are largely responsible for avoiding violations of the State of Oregon maximum pH standard of 8.5 in recent years, but they have not yet reduced algal biomass levels below the State of Oregon nuisance phytoplankton growth guideline of 15 ?g/L chlorophyll-a.Most of the dynamics of the instream dissolved oxygen concentrations are captured by the model. About half of the error in the simulated dissolved oxygen concentrations is directly attributable to error in the size of the simulated phytoplankton population. To achieve greater accuracy in simulating dissolved oxygen, therefore, it will be necessary to increase accuracy in the simulation of Tualatin River phytoplankton.Future efforts may include the introduction of multiple algal groups in the model. This model of the Tualatin River continues to be used as a quantitative tool to aid in the management of this important resource.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri014041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Unified Sewerage Agency of Washington County, Oregon","usgsCitation":"Rounds, S.A., and Wood, T.M., 2001, Modeling water quality in the Tualatin River, Oregon, 1991-1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4041, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014041.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014041.PNG"},{"id":311371,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4041/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Tualaltin River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ],\n [\n -91.1700439453125,\n 32.55144352864431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -122.178955078125,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30865,"text":"wri004105 - 2001 - Documentation and verification of VST2D; a model for simulating transient, Variably Saturated, coupled water-heat-solute Transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic 2-Dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:46:20","indexId":"wri004105","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4105","displayTitle":"Documentation and Verification of VST2D: A Model for Simulating Transient, Variably Saturated, Coupled Water-Heat-Solute Transport in Heterogeneous, Anisotropic, 2-Dimensional, Ground-Water Systems with Variable Fluid Density","title":"Documentation and verification of VST2D; a model for simulating transient, Variably Saturated, coupled water-heat-solute Transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic 2-Dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density","docAbstract":"

This report describes a model for simulating transient, Variably Saturated, coupled water-heatsolute Transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic, 2-Dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density (VST2D). VST2D was developed to help understand the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on quantity and quality of variably saturated ground-water systems. The model solves simultaneously for one or more dependent variables (pressure, temperature, and concentration) at nodes in a horizontal or vertical mesh using a quasi-linearized general minimum residual method. This approach enhances computational speed beyond the speed of a sequential approach. Heterogeneous and anisotropic conditions are implemented locally using individual element property descriptions. This implementation allows local principal directions to differ among elements and from the global solution domain coordinates. Boundary conditions can include time-varying pressure head (or moisture content), heat, and/or concentration; fluxes distributed along domain boundaries and/or at internal node points; and/or convective moisture, heat, and solute fluxes along the domain boundaries; and/or unit hydraulic gradient along domain boundaries. Other model features include temperature and concentration dependent density (liquid and vapor) and viscosity, sorption and/or decay of a solute, and capability to determine moisture content beyond residual to zero. These features are described in the documentation together with development of the governing equations, application of the finite-element formulation (using the Galerkin approach), solution procedure, mass and energy balance considerations, input requirements, and output options.

The VST2D model was verified, and results included solutions for problems of water transport under isohaline and isothermal conditions, heat transport under isobaric and isohaline conditions, solute transport under isobaric and isothermal conditions, and coupled water-heat-solute transport. The first three problems considered in model verification were compared to either analytical or numerical solutions, whereas the coupled problem was compared to measured laboratory results for which no known analytic solutions or numerical models are available. The test results indicate the model is accurate and applicable for a wide range of conditions, including when water (liquid and vapor), heat (sensible and latent), and solute are coupled in ground-water systems. The cumulative residual errors for the coupled problem tested was less than 10–8 cubic centimeter per cubic centimeter, 10-5 moles per kilogram, and 102 calories per cubic meter for liquid water content, solute concentration and heat content, respectively. This model should be useful to hydrologists, engineers, and researchers interested in studying coupled processes associated with variably saturated transport in ground-water systems.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri004105","usgsCitation":"Friedel, M.J., 2001, Documentation and verification of VST2D; a model for simulating transient, Variably Saturated, coupled water-heat-solute Transport in heterogeneous, anisotropic 2-Dimensional, ground-water systems with variable fluid density: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4105, xiv, 124 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004105.","productDescription":"xiv, 124 p.","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2740,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4105/wrir00_4105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 00–4105"}],"contact":"

Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d788","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31229,"text":"ofr0167 - 2001 - A comparative analysis of hazard models for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-01T22:24:22.681164","indexId":"ofr0167","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-67","title":"A comparative analysis of hazard models for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia","docAbstract":"During the rainstorm of June 27, 1995, roughly 330-750 mm of rain fell within a sixteen-hour period, initiating floods and over 600 debris flows in a small area (130 km2) of Madison County, Virginia. Field studies showed that the majority (70%) of these debris flows initiated with a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 m in colluvium on slopes from 17 o to 41 o (Wieczorek et al., 2000). This paper evaluated and compared the approaches of SINMAP, LISA, and Iverson's (2000) transient response model for slope stability analysis by applying each model to the landslide data from Madison County. Of these three stability models, only Iverson's transient response model evaluated stability conditions as a function of time and depth. Iverson?s model would be the preferred method of the three models to evaluate landslide hazards on a regional scale in areas prone to rain-induced landslides as it considers both the transient and spatial response of pore pressure in its calculation of slope stability. The stability calculation used in SINMAP and LISA is similar and utilizes probability distribution functions for certain parameters. Unlike SINMAP that only considers soil cohesion, internal friction angle and rainfall-rate distributions, LISA allows the use of distributed data for all parameters, so it is the preferred model to evaluate slope stability over SINMAP. Results from all three models suggested similar soil and hydrologic properties for triggering the landslides that occurred during the 1995 storm in Madison County, Virginia. The colluvium probably had cohesion of less than 2KPa. The root-soil system is above the failure plane and consequently root strength and tree surcharge had negligible effect on slope stability. The result that the final location of the water table was near the ground surface is supported by the water budget analysis of the rainstorm conducted by Smith et al. (1996).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0167","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M.M., Wieczorek, G.F., and Morgan, B.A., 2001, A comparative analysis of hazard models for predicting debris flows in Madison County, Virginia (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-67, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0167.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37337.htm"},{"id":2799,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Madison County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.5,\n 38.333\n ],\n [\n -78.333,\n 38.333\n ],\n [\n -78.333,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -78.5,\n 38.333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4993e4b0b290850ef46c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, Meghan M.","contributorId":98765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Benjamin A.","contributorId":32158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31220,"text":"ofr0150 - 2001 - Introduction to field methods for hydrologic and environmental studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:06","indexId":"ofr0150","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-50","title":"Introduction to field methods for hydrologic and environmental studies","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr0150","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R., Terrio, P.J., Harris, M., and Mills, P., 2001, Introduction to field methods for hydrologic and environmental studies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-50, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0150.","productDescription":"241 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0050/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59707,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0050/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49c1e4b07f02db5d2ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":70429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrio, P. J.","contributorId":11645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrio","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, M.A.","contributorId":101278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30727,"text":"fs04301 - 2001 - Malformed frogs in Minnesota: An update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:18:35","indexId":"fs04301","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"043-01","title":"Malformed frogs in Minnesota: An update","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T16:50:12","indexId":"wri004290","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4290","title":"Evaluation of strontium isotopes as a geochemical tracer in the middle Fork Mineral Creek basin, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004290","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P., Unruh, D., and Fey, D., 2001, Evaluation of strontium isotopes as a geochemical tracer in the middle Fork Mineral Creek basin, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4290, 20 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004290.","productDescription":"20 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95871,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4290/report.pdf","size":"2085","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4290/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Middle Fork Mineral Creek basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5304a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fey, D.L.","contributorId":44537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31213,"text":"ofr0140 - 2001 - Ground-water hydrology and water-quality data for wells, springs, and surface-water sites in the Bradley-Brumalow creeks area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, September to December 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T18:51:54.914894","indexId":"ofr0140","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-40","title":"Ground-water hydrology and water-quality data for wells, springs, and surface-water sites in the Bradley-Brumalow creeks area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, September to December 1999","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0140","usgsCitation":"Aycock, R.A., and Haugh, C.J., 2001, Ground-water hydrology and water-quality data for wells, springs, and surface-water sites in the Bradley-Brumalow creeks area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, September to December 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-40, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0140.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37346.htm"},{"id":2746,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01-040/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Bradley-Brumalow Creeks area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.1386489868164,\n 35.294952147406576\n ],\n [\n -85.98037719726562,\n 35.294952147406576\n ],\n [\n -85.98037719726562,\n 35.47744667178578\n ],\n [\n -86.1386489868164,\n 35.47744667178578\n ],\n [\n -86.1386489868164,\n 35.294952147406576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aycock, Robert A.","contributorId":75976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aycock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haugh, Connor J. 0000-0002-5204-8271 cjhaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-8271","contributorId":3932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"Connor","email":"cjhaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70231220,"text":"70231220 - 2001 - Experimental flood effects on the limnology of Lake Powell Reservoir, southwestern USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-03T13:35:27.683601","indexId":"70231220","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T08:14:40","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental flood effects on the limnology of Lake Powell Reservoir, southwestern USA","docAbstract":"

In the spring of 1996, a nine-day test flood from Glen Canyon Dam involved the deepest and largest hypolimnetic withdrawals from the penstocks and the river outlet works (ROW) since 1986, interacting with ongoing hydrodynamic and stratification patterns to enhance freshening of the hypolimnion of Lake Powell reservoir and its tailwaters. Prior to the test flood, a six-year drought had produced a pronounced meromictic hypolimnion that was weakening from high inflow events in 1993 and 1995. Hypoxia, however, had continued to increase in the deepest portions of the reservoir. Over the course of the test flood, 0.893 km3 were released from the ports located at and below the hypolimnetic chemocline. The increased discharge and mixing resulting from the test flood diminished the volume of this hypoxic and meromictic hypolimnion as far as 100 km uplake. This effect was reinforced by seasonal upwelling of hypolimnetic water at the dam and seasonal hydrologic patterns uplake. The timing and magnitude of the discharge maximized the release of the highest salinity and lowest dissolved oxygen (DO) water that typically occurs near the release structures of the dam annually. Subsequent high inflows and discharges in 1997 continued to freshen the hypolimnion.

During the flood, large aerated discharges in the tailwaters briefly increased DO to above saturation but dampened diel fluctuations in pH and DO. Downstream ion concentration levels were elevated during the test flood but resumed an enhanced freshening trend following the lower hydrograph. The results indicate that dam operations, timed with predictable limnological events, can be used to manipulate tailwater and reservoir water quality.

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