To improve understanding of the factors affecting pesticide occurrence in ground water, patterns of detection were examined for selected herbicides, based primarily on results from the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. The NAWQA data were derived from 2227 sites (wells and springs) sampled in 20 major hydrologic basins across the USA from 1993 to 1995. Results are presented for six high-use herbicides—atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), cyanazine (2-[4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile), simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis[ethylamino]-s-triazine), alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl]acetamide), acetochlor (2-chloro-N-[ethoxymethyl]- N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]acetamide), and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide)— as well as for prometon (2,4-bis[isopropylamino]-6-methoxy-s-triazine), a nonagricultural herbicide detected frequently during the study. Concentrations were <1 μg L−1 at 98% of the sites with detections, but exceeded drinking-water criteria (for atrazine) at two sites. In urban areas, frequencies of detection (at or above 0.01 μg L−1) of atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor in shallow ground water were positively correlated with their nonagricultural use nationwide (P < 0.05). Among different agricultural areas, frequencies of detection were positively correlated with nearby agricultural use for atrazine, cyanazine, alachlor, and metolachlor, but not simazine. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that for these five herbicides, frequencies of detection beneath agricultural areas were positively correlated with their agricultural use and persistence in aerobic soil. Acetochlor, an agricultural herbicide first registered in 1994 for use in the USA, was detected in shallow ground water by 1995, consistent with previous field-scale studies indicating that some pesticides may be detected in ground water within 1 yr following application. The NAWQA results agreed closely with those from other multistate studies with similar designs.
Geochemical reaction models were evaluated to improve radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer in central and northeastern Florida, USA. The predominant geochemical reactions affecting the 14C activity of DIC include (1) dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite with calcite precipitation (dedolomitization), (2) sulfate reduction accompanying microbial degradation of organic carbon, (3) recrystallization of calcite (isotopic exchange), and (4) mixing of fresh water with as much as 7% saline water in some coastal areas. The calculated cumulative net mineral transfers are negligibly small in upgradient parts of the aquifer and increase significantly in downgradient parts of the aquifer, reflecting, at least in part, upward leakage from the Lower Floridan aquifer and circulation that contacted middle confining units in the Floridan aquifer system. The adjusted radiocarbon ages are independent of flow path and represent travel times of water from the recharge area to the sample point in the aquifer. Downgradient from Polk City (adjusted age 1.7 ka) and Keystone Heights (adjusted age 0.4 ka), 14 of the 22 waters have adjusted 14C ages of 20–30 ka, indicating that most of the fresh-water resource in the Upper Floridan aquifer today was recharged during the last glacial period. All of the paleowaters are enriched in 18O and 2H relative to modern infiltration, with maximum enrichment in δ18O of approximately 2.0‰.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400000121","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Sprinkle, C., 2001, Radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from confined parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, Florida, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 9, no. 2, p. 127-150, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400000121.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"150","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207299,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400000121"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93dfe4b0c8380cd81098","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sprinkle, C.L.","contributorId":10811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkle","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023512,"text":"70023512 - 2001 - Online bibliographic sources in hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T12:24:42","indexId":"70023512","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3345,"text":"Science and Technology Libraries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Online bibliographic sources in hydrology","docAbstract":"Traditional commercial bibliographic databases and indexes provide some access to hydrology materials produced by the government; however, these sources do not provide comprehensive coverage of relevant hydrologic publications. This paper discusses bibliographic information available from the federal government and state geological surveys, water resources agencies, and depositories. In addition to information in these databases, the paper describes the scope, styles of citing, subject terminology, and the ways these information sources are currently being searched, formally and informally, by hydrologists. Information available from the federal and state agencies and from the state depositories might be missed by limiting searches to commercially distributed databases.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and Technology Libraries","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1300/J122v21n03_05","issn":"0194262X","usgsCitation":"Wild, E.C., and Havener, W.M., 2001, Online bibliographic sources in hydrology: Science and Technology Libraries, v. 21, no. 3-4, p. 63-86, https://doi.org/10.1300/J122v21n03_05.","startPage":"63","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e40e4b0c8380cd75564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Havener, W. Michael","contributorId":29996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havener","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023514,"text":"70023514 - 2001 - Distribution of inorganic mercury in Sacramento River water and suspended colloidal sediment material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:51:10","indexId":"70023514","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of inorganic mercury in Sacramento River water and suspended colloidal sediment material","docAbstract":"The concentration and distribution of inorganic Hg was measured using cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry in samples collected at selected sites on the Sacramento River from below Shasta Dam to Freeport, CA, at six separate times between 1996 and 1997. Dissolved (ultrafiltered, 0.005 μm equivalent pore size) Hg concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the system, ranging from the detection limit (< 0.4 ng/L) to 2.4 ng/L. Total Hg (dissolved plus colloidal suspended sediment) concentrations ranged from the detection limit at the site below Shasta Dam in September 1996 to 81 ng/L at the Colusa site in January 1997, demonstrating that colloidal sediment plays an important role in the downriver Hg transport. Sequential extractions of colloid concentrates indicate that the greatest amount of Hg associated with sediment was found in the “residual” (mineral) phase with a significant quantity also occurring in the “oxidizable” phase. Only a minor amount of Hg was observed in the “reducible” phase. Dissolved Hg loads remained constant or increased slightly in the downstream direction through the study area, whereas the total inorganic Hg load increased significantly downstream especially in the reach of the river between Bend Bridge and Colusa. Analysis of temporal variations showed that Hg loading was positively correlated to discharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010159","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Roth, D., Taylor, H.E., Domagalski, J.L., Dileanis, P.D., Peart, D., Antweiler, R.C., and Alpers, C.N., 2001, Distribution of inorganic mercury in Sacramento River water and suspended colloidal sediment material: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010159.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207627,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010159"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dbe4b0c8380cd5021e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":397891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peart, D.B.","contributorId":45304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peart","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023547,"text":"70023547 - 2001 - Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:01:47","indexId":"70023547","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes","docAbstract":"More than 70 individual VOCs were identified in the leachate plume of a closed municipal landfill. Concentrations were low when compared with data published for other landfills, and total VOCs accounted for less than 0.1% of the total dissolved organic carbon. The VOC concentrations in the core of the anoxic leachate plume are variable, but in all cases they were found to be near or below detection limits within 200 m of the landfall. In contrast to the VOCs, the distributions of chloride ion, a conservative tracer, and nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon, indicate little dilution over the same distance. Thus, natural attentuation processes are effectively limiting migration of the VOC plume. The distribution of C2-3-benzenes, paired on the basis of their octanol-water partition coefficients and Henry's law constants, were systematically evaluated to assess the relative importance of volatilization, sorption, and biodegradation as attenuation mechanisms. Based on our data, biodegradation appears to be the process primarily responsible for the observed attenuation of VOCs at this site. We believe that the alkylbenzenes are powerful process probes that can and should be exploited in studies of natural attenuation in contaminated ground water systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02300.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., Cozzarelli, I.M., Scholl, M.A., and Matthews, L., 2001, Natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leachate plume of a municipal landfill: Using alkylbenzenes as process probes: Groundwater, v. 39, no. 2, p. 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02300.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a62e1e4b0c8380cd72177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Matthews, L.L.","contributorId":81278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023091,"text":"70023091 - 2001 - Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023091","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water","docAbstract":"Besides Earth, Mars is the only planet with a record of resurfacing processes and environmental circumstances that indicate the past operation of a hydrologic cycle. However the present-day conditions on Mars are far apart of supporting liquid water on the surface. Although the large-scale morphology of the Martian channels and valleys show remarkable similarities with fluid-eroded features on Earth, there are major differences in their size, small-scale morphology, inner channel structure and source regions indicating that the erosion on Mars has its own characteristic genesis and evolution. The different landforms related to fluvial, glacial and periglacial activities, their relations with volcanism, and the chronology of water-related processes, are presented.","largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011913809715","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Masson, P., Carr, M.H., Costard, F., Greeley, R., Hauber, E., and Jaumann, R., 2001, Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water, in Space Science Reviews, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 333-364, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011913809715.","startPage":"333","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011913809715"},{"id":233439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a279de4b0c8380cd59a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, P.","contributorId":21318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costard, F.","contributorId":61214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costard","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70023560,"text":"70023560 - 2001 - User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:01","indexId":"70023560","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension","docAbstract":"Numerical simulation for ground-water modeling often involves handling large input and output data sets. A geographic information system (GIS) provides an integrated platform to manage, analyze, and display disparate data and can greatly facilitate modeling efforts in data compilation, model calibration, and display of model parameters and results. Furthermore, GIS can be used to generate information for decision making through spatial overlay and processing of model results. Arc View is the most widely used Windows-based GIS software that provides a robust user-friendly interface to facilitate data handling and display. An extension is an add-on program to Arc View that provides additional specialized functions. An Arc View interface for the ground-water flow and transport models MODFLOW and MT3D was built as an extension for facilitating modeling. The extension includes preprocessing of spatially distributed (point, line, and polygon) data for model input and postprocessing of model output. An object database is used for linking user dialogs and model input files. The Arc View interface utilizes the capabilities of the 3D Analyst extension. Models can be automatically calibrated through the Arc View interface by external linking to such programs as PEST. The efficient pre- and postprocessing capabilities and calibration link were demonstrated for ground-water modeling in southwest Kansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Tsou, M., and Whittemore, D.O., 2001, User interface for ground-water modeling: Arcview extension: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 6, no. 3, p. 251-257, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251).","startPage":"251","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207323,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2001)6:3(251)"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbfc5e4b08c986b329d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tsou, Ming-shu","contributorId":20507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsou","given":"Ming-shu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whittemore, Donald O.","contributorId":28748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whittemore","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023580,"text":"70023580 - 2001 - Occurrence of cyanazine compounds in groundwater: Degradates more prevalent than the parent compound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T06:36:38","indexId":"70023580","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of cyanazine compounds in groundwater: Degradates more prevalent than the parent compound","docAbstract":"A recently developed analytical method using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to investigate the occurrence of cyanazine and its degradates cyanazine acid (CAC), cyanazine amide (CAM), deethylcyanazine (DEC), and deethylcyanazine acid (DCAC) in groundwater. This research represents some of the earliest data on the occurrence of cyanazine degradates in groundwater. Although cyanazine was infrequently detected in the 64 wells across Iowa sampled in 1999, cyanazine degradates were commonly found during this study. The most frequently detected cyanazine compound was DCAC (32.8%) followed by CAC (29.7%), CAM (17.2%), DEC (3.1%), and cyanazine (3.1%). The frequency of detection for cyanazine or one or more of its degradates (CYTOT) was more than 12-fold over that of cyanazine alone (39.1% for CYTOT versus 3.1% for cyanazine). Of the total measured concentration of cyanazine, only 0.2% was derived from its parent compound - with DCAC (74.1%) and CAC (18.4%) comprising 92.5% of this total. Thus, although DCAC and CAC had similar frequencies of detection, DCAC was generally present in higher concentrations. No concentrations of cyanazine compounds for this study exceeded water-quality criteria for the protection of human health. Only cyanazine, however, has such a criteria established. Nevertheless, because these cyanazine degradates are still chlorinated, they may have similar toxicity as their parent compound - similar to what has been found with the chlorinated degradates of atrazine. Thus, the results of this study documented that data on the degradates for cyanazine are critical for understanding its fate and transport in the hydrologic system. Furthermore, the prevalence of the chlorinated degradates of cyanazine found in groundwater suggests that to accurately determine the overall effect on human health and the environment from cyanazine its degradates should also be considered. In addition, because CYTOT was found in 57.6% of the samples collected from alluvial aquifers, about 2-5 times more frequently than the other major aquifer types (glacial drift, bedrock/karst, bedrock/nonkarst) under investigation, this finding has long-term implications for the occurrence of CYTOT in streams. It is anticipated that low-level concentrations of CYTOT will continue to be detected in streams for years after the use of cyanazine has terminated (scheduled for the year 2000 in the United States), primarily through its movement from groundwater into streams during base-flow conditions.
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ESI/QMS studies of the free acid form of low molecular weight poly(carboxylic acid) standards in 75% methanol/25% water mobile phase found that negative ion detection gave the optimum generation of parent ions that can be used for molecular weight determinations. However, experiments with poly(acrylic acid) mixtures and specific high molecular weight standards found multiply charged negative ions that gave a low bias to molecular mass distributions. The number of negative charges on a molecule is dependent on the distance between charges. ESI/MST/MS of model compounds found characteristic water loss from alcohol dehydration and anhydride formation, as well as CO2 loss from decarboxylation, and CO loss from ester structures. Application of these fragmentation pathways to specific masses of fulvic acid isolated and fragmented by ESI/MST/MS is indicative of specific structures that can serve as a basis for future structural confirmation after these hypothesized structures are synthesized.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac0012593","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Rostad, C., Gates, P.M., Furlong, E., and Ferrer, I., 2001, Molecular resolution and fragmentation of fulvic acid by electrospray ionization/multistage tandem mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 7, p. 1461-1471, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0012593.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1461","endPage":"1471","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207588,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0012593"}],"volume":"73","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d10e4b0c8380cd7012d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023601,"text":"70023601 - 2001 - Detection of pesticides and pesticide metabolites using the cross reactivity of enzyme immunoassays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-25T17:31:24.461178","indexId":"70023601","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection of pesticides and pesticide metabolites using the cross reactivity of enzyme immunoassays","docAbstract":"Enzyme immunoassay is an important environmental analysis method that may be used to identify many pesticide analytes in water samples. Because of similarities in chemical structure between various members of a pesticide class, there often may be an unwanted response that is characterized by a percentage of cross reactivity. Also, there may be cross reactivity caused by degradation products of the target analyte that may be present in the sample. In this paper, the concept of cross reactivity caused by degradation products or by nontarget analytes is explored as a tool for identification of metabolites or structurally similar compounds not previously known to be present in water samples. Two examples are examined in this paper from various water quality studies. They are alachlor and its metabolite, alachlor ethane sulfonic acid, and atrazine and its class members, prometryn and propazine. A method for using cross reactivity for the detection of these compounds is explained in this paper.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/84.1.162","issn":"10603271","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Aga, D., 2001, Detection of pesticides and pesticide metabolites using the cross reactivity of enzyme immunoassays: Journal of AOAC International, v. 84, no. 1, p. 162-167, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.1.162.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408706,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jaoac/article/84/1/162/5656441"}],"volume":"84","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff6be4b0c8380cd4f199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aga, D.S.","contributorId":18521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aga","given":"D.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023619,"text":"70023619 - 2001 - Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:19:41","indexId":"70023619","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria","docAbstract":"Strain IMB-1, an aerobic methylotrophic member of the alpha subgroup of the Proteobacteria, can grow with methyl bromide as a sole carbon and energy source. A single cmu gene cluster was identified in IMB-1 that contained six open reading frames: cmuC, cmuA, orf146, paaE, hutI, and partial metF. CmuA from IMB-1 has high sequence homology to the methyltransferase CmuA from Methylobacterium chloromethanicum and Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum and contains a C-terminal corrinoid-binding motif and an N-terminal methyl-transferase motif. However, cmuB, identified in M. chloromethanicum and H. chloromethanicum, was not detected in IMB-1.","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Woodall, C., Warner, K., Oremland, R., Murrell, J., and McDonald, I., 2001, Identification of methyl halide-utilizing genes in strain IMB-1, a methyl bromide-utilizing bacterium suggests a high degree of conservation of methyl halide-specific genes in gram-negative bacteria: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 1959-1963, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1959","endPage":"1963","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478843,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/92821","text":"External Repository"},{"id":232499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207502,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.4.1959-1963.2001"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a381ce4b0c8380cd61441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodall, C.A.","contributorId":33188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodall","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, K.L.","contributorId":73781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murrell, J.C.","contributorId":25731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murrell","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDonald, I.R.","contributorId":23313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023629,"text":"70023629 - 2001 - Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:45:03","indexId":"70023629","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Rhodamine WT dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin yield concentration-time curves with characteristically long recession times suggestive of active transient storage processes. The scale of drainage areas contributing to the stream reaches studied in the Willamette Basin ranges from 10 to 12,000 km2. A transient storage assessment of the tracer studies has been completed using the U.S. Geological Survey's One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model, which incorporates storage exchange and decay functions along with the traditional dispersion and advection transport equation. The analysis estimates solute transport of the dye. It identifies first-order decay coefficients to be on the order of 10-5/sec for the nonconservative Rhodamine WT. On an individual subreach basis, the first-order decay is slower (typically by an order of magnitude) than the transient storage process, indicating that nonconservative tracers may be used to evaluate transient storage in rivers. In the transient storage analysis, a dimensionless parameter (As/A) expresses the spatial extent of storage zone area relative to stream cross section. In certain reaches of Willamette Basin pool-and-riffle, gravel-bed rivers, this parameter was as large as 0.5. A measure of the storage exchange flux was calculated for each stream subreach in the simulation analysis. This storage exchange is shown subjectively to be higher at higher stream discharges. Hyporheic linkage between streams and subsurface flows is the probable physical mechanism contributing to a significant part of this inferred active transient storage. Hyporheic linkages are further suggested by detailed measurements of river discharge with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler system delineating zones in two large rivers where water alternately enters and leaves the surface channels through graveland-cobble riverbeds. Measurements show patterns of hyporheic exchange that are highly variable in time and space.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Bencala, K., 2001, Transient storage assessments of dye-tracer injections in rivers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 367-377, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb00975.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"377","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb704e4b08c986b326ff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, A.","contributorId":92827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, K.E.","contributorId":105312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023663,"text":"70023663 - 2001 - Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023663","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia","docAbstract":"Catchment nutrient availability in Western Australia is primarily controlled by the disposal of animal waste and the type and rate of fertilizer application, particularly on the relatively narrow (~25 km wide), sandy coastal plain. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations and fluxes during the wet season of 15 tributaries, including four urban drains to the Swan-Canning Estuary, were evaluated from 1986 to 1992 and additionally concentrations only were evaluated throughout the year from 1993 to 1996. Concentrations of filtered reactive P (FRP) and total P (TP) were generally low, with the volume-weighted means for all sites being 0.06 mg 1-1 and 0.12 mg 1-1 respectively. The urban drains had higher TP concentrations (volume-weighted mean of 0.21 mg 1-1) than the streams (0.12 mg 1-1), with the high concentrations associated with particulate matter. Total inorganic N (TIN, NH4N plus NO3N) and total N (TN), which is of interest to eutrophic status of the N-limited estuary, were likewise low, compared with other developed areas having a similar climate. Both TIN and TN were higher in the urban drains (0.76 mg 1-1 and 1.5 mg 1-1 respectively) than the streams (0.31 mg 1-1 and 1.2 mg 1-1 respectively). The Avon River, which drains 98.5% of the 121 000 km2 catchment area, contributes most of the N (0.03 kg ha-1 year-1 or 65%) and a high percentage of the P (<0.01 kg ha-1 year-1 or 32%) to the estuaries. The Avon River nutrient fluxes are much less than other tributaries closer to the estuary. The coastal plain receives significantly higher rainfall (1,200 mm year-1) and has more intense horticulture and animal production than inland areas (<300 mm year-1). Annual rainfall is seasonal, occuring primarily from May through December. The surficial aquifers on the coastal plain generally are sandy with a low nutrient retention capacity, and rapidly transmit soluble and colloidal material in subsurface flow. Ellen Brook, on the coastal plain, drains pastures treated with superphosphate and has the highest FRP (0.51 mg 1-1), TP (0.7 mg 1-1) and TN (2.1 mg 1-1) of any tributary to the estuary. The coastal plain is also undergoing urbanization, particularly in areas adjacent to the estuary. Nutrients are subsequently available for transport during the onset of seasonal wet weather. Perennial baseflow from urban areas is an important source of nutrients. Water yield from the urban areas was high, being as much as 50% of annual rainfall. The timing of the nutrients delivered by the tributaries may be an important control on estuarine ecology. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.304","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Donohue, R., 2001, Nutrient transport to the Swan - Canning Estuary, Western Australia: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 13, p. 2555-2577, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304.","startPage":"2555","endPage":"2577","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207522,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.304"},{"id":232541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a699ae4b0c8380cd73dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donohue, R.","contributorId":20925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohue","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023708,"text":"70023708 - 2001 - Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023708","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments","docAbstract":"Hydrobiogeochemical processes controlling stream water chemistry were examined in four small (<5 km2) catchments having contrasting bedrock lithologies in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California. The Mediterranean climate with its cool/wet and hot/dry cycle produces strong seasonal patterns in hydrological, biological and geochemical processes. Stream water solutes fall into three general groups according to seasonal fluctuation in concentration: Strong, rainy season minimum-dry season maximum (Cl-, SO42-, base cations); weak, rainy season minimum-dry season maximum (Si); and rainy season maximum-dry season minimum (NO3- and K+). Solute dynamics in soil solutions and stream water suggest that mixing of drainage waters from bedrock and soil sources regulate stream water solute concentrations. Patterns are further altered by the leaching of solutes accumulated in the soil over the summer period of desiccation and the temporal discoupling of nutrient cycles that occurs due to differences in the timing between vegetation growth (late spring) and leaching (early winter). Solute concentrations are remarkably similar between watersheds with varying bedrock types, with the exception of nitrate, sulfate and bicarbonate. Three watersheds have nitrogen-bearing metasedimentary bedrock that contributes to elevated nitrate concentrations in stream waters. Watersheds whose bedrock includes mineralized veins of sulfide and carbonate minerals similarly have greater sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations in stream water. Hydrobiogeochemical processes are highly dynamic at the seasonal and storm-event temporal scales and spatially complex at the watershed scale making management of stream water chemical composition, such as nitrate concentrations, very challenging. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00424-3","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Holloway, J., and Dahlgren, R., 2001, Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments: Journal of Hydrology, v. 250, no. 1-4, p. 106-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00424-3.","startPage":"106","endPage":"121","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207565,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00424-3"},{"id":232622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8870e4b08c986b31698c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holloway, J.M. 0000-0003-3603-7668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3603-7668","contributorId":103041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dahlgren, R.A.","contributorId":28409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahlgren","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023714,"text":"70023714 - 2001 - Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:45:43","indexId":"70023714","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient","docAbstract":"The inter-annual variation in the structure of the benthic community of riffles and pools was evaluated in contrasting geomorphic settings. The community structure of riffles and pools was a function of habitat, reach gradient, and discharge and was taxon specific. In years of below average peak discharge, riffles had higher taxon richness than pools (66 versus 47) but richness was similar between habitats during a year of average discharge (56 versus 54). The percentage composition of oligochaetes and elmid beetles was more variable inter-annually in pools and low gradient reaches than in high gradient reaches. Differences in the percentage of collector-gatherers and scrapers in riffles and pools appeared related to inter-annual differences in discharge regimes. Two components of the annual discharge regime appear to differentially affect the composition of the benthic community in the snowmelt dominated stream studied: the magnitude of the annual peak discharge and the duration and timing of the period of extended high flow.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012535013043","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Fend, S., 2001, Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient: Hydrobiologia, v. 459, no. 1-3, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012535013043.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012535013043"}],"volume":"459","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c9fe4b0c8380cd62ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023739,"text":"70023739 - 2001 - Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023739","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters","docAbstract":"Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff of atrazine from experimental plot and field studies is combined with annual estimates of load in numerous streams and rivers, resulting in a data set with 408 observations that span 14 orders of magnitude in area. The load as a percent of use (LAPU) on an annual basis is the parameter that is compared among the studies. There is no difference in the mean or range of LAPU values for areas from the size of experimental field plots (???0.000023 ha) and small watersheds (<100 000 ha). The relatively invariant LAPU value observed across a large range of watershed areas implies that the characteristics of atrazine itself (application method and chemical properties) are important in determining the extent of runoff. The variable influences on the extent of runoff from individual watershed characteristics and weather events are superimposed on the relatively invariant LAPU value observed across the range of watershed areas. The results from this study establish the direct relevance for agricultural field plot studies to watershed studies across the full range of scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es001220f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., and Larson, S., 2001, Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 648-657, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001220f.","startPage":"648","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001220f"},{"id":232508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0603e4b0c8380cd5109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022802,"text":"70022802 - 2001 - Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022802","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2997,"text":"Palaeontologia Electronica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA","docAbstract":"The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ?? 2?? data set of boundary conditions and the UK Meteorological Office's HadAMS General Circulation Model (GCM). Model results suggest that conditions in the USA during the middle Pliocene can be characterised as annually warmer (by 2?? to 4??C), less seasonal, wetter (by a maximum of 4 to 8 mm/day) and with an absence of freezing winters over the central and southern Great Plains. A sensitivity experiment suggests that the main forcing mechanisms for surface temperature changes in near coastal areas are the imposed Pliocene sea surface temperatures (SST's). In interior regions, reduced Northern Hemisphere terrestrial ice, combined with less snow cover and a reduction in the elevation of the western cordillera of North America, generate atmospheric circulation changes and positive albedo feedbacks that raise surface temperatures. A complex set of climatic feedback mechanisms cause an enhancement of the hydrological cycle magnifying the moisture bearing westerly wind belt during the winter season (Dec., Jan., Feb.). Predictions produced by the model are in broad agreement with available geological evidence. However, the GCM appears to underestimate precipitation levels in the interior and central regions of the southern USA. Copyright: Palaeontological Association, 22 June 2001.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontologia Electronica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10948074","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Valdes, P., Sellwood, B., Kaplan, J., and Dowsett, H., 2001, Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 4, no. 1.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6de4b0c8380cd6fcaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sellwood, B.W.","contributorId":78509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellwood","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaplan, J.O.","contributorId":97288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023771,"text":"70023771 - 2001 - Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:21:29","indexId":"70023771","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","docAbstract":"Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These two samples were acid mine waters with elevated concentrations of REEs (0.45–161 μg/l). Seventeen international laboratories participated in a ‘round-robin’ chemical analysis program, which made it possible to evaluate the data by robust statistical procedures that are insensitive to outliers. The resulting most probable values are reported. Ten to 15 of the participants also reported values for Ba, Y, and Sc. Field parameters, major ion, and other trace element concentrations, not subject to statistical evaluation, are provided.
A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the watersheds, and consequently amplified the subsequent erosional response to shorter time interval episodic rainfall and created both erosional and depositional features in a complex pattern throughout the watersheds. The initial response during the first four years was an increase in runoff and erosion rates followed by decreases toward pre-fire rates. The maximum unit-area peak discharge was 24 m3 s-1 km-2 for a rainstorm in 1996 with a rain intensity of 90 mm h-1. Recovery to pre-fire conditions seems to have occurred by 2000 because for a maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1, the unit-area peak discharge in 1997 was 6.6 m3 s-1 km-2, while in 2000 a similar intensity produced only 0.11 m3 s-1 km-2. Rill erosion accounted for 6 per cent, interrill erosion for 14 per cent, and drainage erosion for 80 per cent of the initial erosion in 1996. This represents about a 200-fold increase in erosion rates on hillslopes which had a recovery or relaxation time of about three years. About 67 per cent of the initially eroded sediment is still stored in the watersheds after four years with an estimated residence time greater than 300 years. This residence time is much greater than the fire recurrence interval so erosional and depositional features may become legacies from the wildfire and may affect landscape evolution by acting as a new set of initial conditions for subsequent wildfire and flood sequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.253","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D.A., 2001, Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1049-1070, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.253.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1049","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3be3e4b0c8380cd628de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, John A. 0000-0003-2609-364X jamoody@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-364X","contributorId":771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"John","email":"jamoody@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Deborah A. 0000-0001-8237-0838 damartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-0838","contributorId":168662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Deborah","email":"damartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023776,"text":"70023776 - 2001 - Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T11:00:49","indexId":"70023776","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","docAbstract":"Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide load transported into estuaries. To characterize sediment-associated pesticides during a first-flush event, water and suspended sediment samples were collected at the head of the San Francisco Bay during the peak in suspended sediment concentration that followed the first major storm of the 1996 hydrologic year. Samples were analyzed for a variety of parameters as well as 19 pesticides and degradation products that span a wide range of hydrophobicity. Tidal mixing at the head of the estuary mixed relatively fresh suspended sediment transported down the rivers with suspended sediments in estuary waters. Segregation of the samples into groups with similar degrees of mixing between river and estuary water revealed that transport of suspended sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin drainage basin strongly influenced the concentration and distribution of sediment-associated pesticides entering the San Francisco Bay. The less-mixed suspended sediment contained a different distribution of pesticides than the sediments exposed to greater mixing. Temporal trends were evident in pesticide content after samples were segregated according to mixing history. These results indicate sampling strategies that collect at a low frequency or do not compare samples with similar mixing histories will not elucidate basin processes. Despite the considerable influence of mixing, a large number of pesticides were found associated with the suspended sediments. Few pesticides were found in the concurrent water samples and in concentrations much lower than predicted from equilibrium partitioning between the aqueous and sedimentary phases. The observed sediment-associated pesticide concentrations may reflect disequilibria between sedimentary and aqueous phases resulting from long equilibration times at locations where pesticides were applied, and relatively short transit times over which re-equilibration may occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353239","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B.A., Kuivila, K., and Fram, M.S., 2001, Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996: Estuaries, v. 24, no. 3, p. 368-380, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353239.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7736e4b0c8380cd7844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178174,"text":"70178174 - 2001 - Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T13:02:32","indexId":"70178174","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems","docAbstract":"The selenium literature has grown substantially in recent years to encompass new information in a variety of areas. Correspondingly, several different approaches to establishing a new water quality criterion for selenium have been proposed since establishment of the national water quality criterion in 1987. Diverging viewpoints and interpretations of the selenium literature have lead to opposing perspectives on issues such as establishing a national criterion based on a sediment-based model, using hydrologic units to set criteria for stream reaches, and applying lentic-derived effects to lotic environments. This Commentary presents information on the lotic verse lentic controversy. Recently, an article was published that concluded that no adverse effects were occurring in a cutthroat trout population in a coldwater river with elevated selenium concentrations (C. J. Kennedy, L. E. McDonald, R. Loveridge, and M. M. Strosher, 2000, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 39, 46–52). This article has added to the controversy rather than provided further insight into selenium toxicology. Information, or rather missing information, in the article has been critically reviewed and problems in the interpretations are discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.2001.2111","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Palace, V.P., 2001, Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 50, no. 3, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ce4b0dee4cc90cbd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palace, Vince P.","contributorId":176210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palace","given":"Vince","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023978,"text":"70023978 - 2001 - Anthropogenic organic matter in the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and its implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023978","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic organic matter in the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and its implications","docAbstract":"Cores from the Great Marsh area of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore were examined in order to document variations in concentration, type and size of anthropogenic organic matter (AnOM-coal, coke, etc.) and discuss their relationship to the concentration of such trace elements as Pb, Zn, and Mn in the near-surface sediment section. The results indicate that the first appearance of AnOM corresponds to the onset of industrialization in the area. There is also a general relationship between the occurrence of AnOM and Zn, Pb, and Mn. Trace metals were likely transported from the industrial sites to the area of their deposition as sulfur-bearing coatings on small anthropogenic particles. After deposition, these sulfur-bearing compounds reacted with organic matter within the marsh. As a result of bacterial reduction, the pyrite was produced, as suggested by a close relationship between the pyrite and AnOM. Distance from the industrial complex upwind as well as local hydrologic conditions are among the major factors controlling distribution of AnOM and trace elements. At the same distance from the source, types and sizes of AnOM are influenced by the duration and frequency of flooding. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00016-7","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., Souch, C., Filippelli, G.M., Dollar, N., and Perkins, S., 2001, Anthropogenic organic matter in the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and its implications: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 46, no. 2-4, p. 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00016-7.","startPage":"157","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207148,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00016-7"}],"volume":"46","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5be4b0c8380cd4920e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Souch, C.","contributorId":46368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souch","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filippelli, G. M.","contributorId":64070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filippelli","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dollar, N.L.","contributorId":24635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dollar","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perkins, S.M.","contributorId":63273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023979,"text":"70023979 - 2001 - Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023979","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme","docAbstract":"In 1994, the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting Network) programme was redesigned as a flux-based water-quality monitoring network for the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, and Rio Grande Basins. As the new programme represented a departure from the original, new sampling, processing, analytical, and data handling procedures had to be selected/developed to provide data on discharge, suspended sediment concentration, and the concentrations of suspended sediment and dissolved trace elements. Annual suspended sediment fluxes were estimated by summing daily instantaneous fluxes based on predicted suspended sediment concentrations derived from discharge-based log-log regression (rating-curve) models. The models were developed using both historical and current site-specific discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Errors using this approach typically are less than ?? 10% for the 3-year reporting period; however, the magnitude of the errors increases substantially for temporal spans shorter than 1 year. Total, rather than total-recoverable, suspended sediment-associated trace element concentrations were determined by direct analysis of material dewatered from large-volume whole-water samples. Site-specific intra- and inter-annual suspended sediment-associated chemical variations were less (typically by no more than a factor of two) than those for either discharge or suspended sediment concentrations (usually more than 10-fold). The concentrations, hence the annual fluxes, for suspended sediment-associated phosphorus and organic carbon, determined by direct analyses, were higher than those determined using a more traditional paired, whole-water/filtered-water approach (by factors ranging from 1.5- to 10-fold). This may be important for such issues as eutrophication and coastal productivity. Filtered water-associated (dissolved) trace element concentrations were markedly lower than those determined during the historical NASQAN programme; many were below their respective detection limits. This resulted from the use of clean sampling, processing, and analytical protocols. Hence, the fluxes for filtered water-associated (dissolved) Ag, Pb, Co, V, Be, Sb, and Se, as well as the total (filtered water plus suspended sediment-associated) fluxes for these constituents, could not be estimated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.206","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Smith, J., 2001, Estimating suspended sediment and trace element fluxes in large river basins: Methodological considerations as applied to the NASQAN programme: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1107-1132, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206.","startPage":"1107","endPage":"1132","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207166,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.206"},{"id":231865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b4fe4b0c8380cd52684","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024009,"text":"70024009 - 2001 - Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:10:10","indexId":"70024009","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98","docAbstract":"Nitrate (NO3) and other nutrients discharged by the Mississippi River are suspected of causing a zone of depleted dissolved oxygen (hypoxic zone) in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. The hypoxic zone may have an adverse affect on aquatic life and commercial fisheries. The amount of NO3 delivered by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico is well documented, but the relative contributions of different sources of NO3, and the magnitude of subsequent in-stream transformations of NO3, are not well understood. Forty-two water samples collected in 1997 and 1998 at eight stations located either on the Mississippi River or its major tributaries were analysed for NO3, total nitrogen (N), atrazine, chloride concentrations and NO3 stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). These data are used to assess the magnitude and nature of in-stream N transformation and to determine if the δ15N and δ18O of NO3 provide information about NO3 sources and transformation processes in a large river system (drainage area 2 900 000 km2) that would otherwise be unavailable using concentration and discharge data alone. Results from 42 samples indicate that the δ15N and δ18O ratios between sites on the Mississippi River and its tributaries are somewhat distinctive, and vary with season and discharge rate. Of particular interest are two nearly Lagrangian sample sets, in which samples from the Mississippi River at St Francisville, LA, are compared with samples collected from the Ohio River at Grand Chain, II, and the Mississippi River at Thebes, IL. In both Lagrangian sets, mass-balance calculations indicate only a small amount of in-stream N loss. The stable isotope data from the samples suggest that in-stream N assimilation and not denitrification accounts for most of the N loss in the lower Mississippi River during the spring and early summer months.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.214","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, K., 2001, Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.214.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1300","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":207092,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.214"},{"id":231711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f546e4b0c8380cd4c14a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":399676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}