The extended abstracts in this volume are summaries of the papers presented orally and as posters in the second V. E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources, entitled \"USGS Research on Energy Resources-1986.\" The Forum has been established to improve communication between the USGS and the earth science community by presenting the results of current USGS research on nonrenewable resources in a timely fashion and by providing an opportunity for individuals from other organizations to meet informally with USGS scientists and managers. It is our hope that the McKelvey Forum will help to make USGS programs more responsive to the needs of the earth science community, particularly the mining and petroleum industries, and Win foster closer cooperation between organizations and individuals.
The Forum was named after former Director Vincent E. McKelvey in recognition of his lifelong contributions to research, development, and administration in mineral and energy resources, as a scientist, as Chief Geologist, and as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Forum will be an annual event, and its subject matter will alternate between mineral and energy resources. We expect that the format will change somewhat from year to year as various approaches are tried, but its primary purpose will remain the same: to encourage direct communication between USGS scientists and the representatives of other earth-science related organizations.
Energy programs of the USGS include oil and gas, coal, geothermal, uranium-thorium, and oil shale; work in these programs spans the national domain, including surveys of the offshore Exclusive Economic Zone. The topics selected for presentation at this McKelvey Forum represent an overview of the scientific breadth of USGS research on energy resources. They include aspects of petroleum occurrence in Eastern United States rift basins, the origin of magnetic anomalies over oil fields, accreted terranes and energy-resource implications, coal quality, geothermal energy sources, integrated geology and chemistry in uranium-deposit studies, and interpretations of sea-floor geology seen in reconnaissance-scale sidescan-sonar mosaics of the Gulf of Mexico and west coast Exclusive Economic Zone. Data are presented that are being used in building models of geothermal energy settings, basin histories, and the occurrence of energy resources. In addition to the technical sessions presenting the results of USGS research, each congressionally mandated USGS Mineral Resource Program has a display outlining plans and progress.
We are all excited about this continuing opportunity to disseminate and discuss our research with our colleagues in industry and academia, and we welcome your suggestions on improving this series of Forums.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir974","usgsCitation":"1986, USGS research on energy resources, 1986; program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 974, xii, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir974.","productDescription":"xii, 84 p.","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":30339,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0974/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0974/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f94f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carter, Lorna M.H.","contributorId":37260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Lorna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730049,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27479,"text":"wri854102 - 1986 - Ground-water movement and effects of coal strip mining on water quality of high-wall lakes and aquifers in the Macon-Huntsville area, north-central Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T21:17:42.217943","indexId":"wri854102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4102","title":"Ground-water movement and effects of coal strip mining on water quality of high-wall lakes and aquifers in the Macon-Huntsville area, north-central Missouri","docAbstract":"Glacial drift and Pennsylvanian bedrock were mixed together forming spoil during pre-reclamation strip mining for coal in north-central Missouri. This restructuring of the land increases the porosity of the material, and increases aqueous concentrations of many dissolved constituents. Median sodium and bicarbonate concentrations were slightly greater, calcium 5 times greater, magnesium 6 times greater, manganese 15 times greater, iron 19 times greater, and sulfate 24 times greater in water from spoil than in water from glacial drift. Median potassium concentrations were slightly greater, and chloride concentrations were two times greater in water from glacial drift than in water from spoil. Water types in glacial drift and bedrock were mostly sodium bicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate; in spoil and lakes in the spoil, the water types were mostly calcium sulfate. Median pH values in water from spoil were 6.6, as compared to 7.4 in water from glacial drift and 9.0 in water from bedrock. Neutralization of acid by carbonate rocks causes the moderate pH values in water from spoil; a carbonate system closed to the atmosphere may result in alkaline pH values in bedrock. Transmissivities generally are greatest for spoil, and decrease in the following order: alluvium, glacial drift, and bedrock. Recharge to spoil is from precipitation, lateral flow from glacial drift, and lateral and vertical flow from bedrock. The rate of recharge to the aquifers is unknown, but probably is small. Groundwater discharge from the glacial drift, bedrock, and spoil is to alluvium. The direction of flow generally was from high-wall lakes in the spoil toward East Fork Little Chariton River or South Fork Claybank Creek. Significant differences (95% confidence level) in values and concentrations of aqueous constituents between spoil areas mined at different times (1940, 1952, and 1968) were obtained for pH, calcium, magnesium, manganese, sulfate, chloride, and dissolved solids, but not for iron. These differences are attributed to local variations in the geohydrologic system rather than spoil age. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854102","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.C., and Davis, R.E., 1986, Ground-water movement and effects of coal strip mining on water quality of high-wall lakes and aquifers in the Macon-Huntsville area, north-central Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4102, viii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854102.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56330,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396201,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36271.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Macon-Huntsville area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.583,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -92.493,\n 39.625\n ],\n [\n -92.493,\n 39.708\n ],\n [\n -92.583,\n 39.708\n ],\n [\n -92.583,\n 39.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4995e4b07f02db5b637f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D. C.","contributorId":7291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R. E.","contributorId":77153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4266,"text":"cir944 - 1986 - The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, mineral-occurrence, mineral-resource potential, and mineral-production maps of the Charlotte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir944","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"944","title":"The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, mineral-occurrence, mineral-resource potential, and mineral-production maps of the Charlotte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"This Circular and the folio of separately published maps described herein are part of a series of reports compiled under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program ICUSMAP). The folio on the Charlotte 1 degree ? 2 degree quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina, includes (1) a geologic map; (2) four geophysical maps; (3) geochemical maps for metamorphic heavy minerals, copper, lead and artifacts, zinc, gold, tin, beryllium, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, lithium, barium, antimony-arsenic-bismuth-cadmium, thorium-cerium-monazite, and limonite; (4) mineral-occurrence maps for kyanite-sillimanite-lithium-mica-feldspar-copper-lead-zinc, gold-quartz-barite-fluorite, iron-thorium-tin-niobium, and construction materials-gemstones; (5) mineral-resource potential maps for copper-lead-zinc-combined base metals, gold, tin-tungsten, beryllium-molybdenum-niobium, lithium-kyanite- sillimanitebarite, thorium (monazite)-uranium, and construction materials; and (6) mineral-production maps. \r\n\r\nThe Charlotte quadrangle is mainly within the Piedmont physiographic province and extends from near the Coastal Plain on the southeast into the Blue Ridge province on the northwest for a short distance. Parts of six lithotectonic belts are present--the Blue Ridge, the Inner Piedmont, the Kings Mountain belt, the Charlotte belt, the Carolina slate belt, and the Wadesboro basin. Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are present and range in age from Proterozoic to Mesozoic; alluvial sediments of Quaternary age occur along rivers and larger streams. \r\n\r\nRocks of the Blue Ridge include Middle Proterozoic granitoid gneiss intruded by Late Proterozoic granite; Late Proterozoic paragneiss, schist, and other metasedimentary and metavolcaniclastic rocks (Ashe and Grandfather Mountain Formations); Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian metasedimentary rocks (Chilhowee Group); and Early Cambrian sedimentary rocks (Shady Dolomite). Paleozoic granites intrude the Proterozoic rocks. The Inner Piedmont contains noncarbonate metasedimentary rocks and amphibolite of medium to high metamorphic grades. These rocks are intruded by the Toluca Granite and Henderson Gneiss of Cambrian and Ordovician(?) age. The Charlotte belt consists largely of Late Proterozoic to Late Paleozoic granitic and gabbroic plutonic rocks and intervening enclaves of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. \r\n\r\nThe narrow Kings Mountain belt is located between the Charlotte and the Inner Piedmont belts and contains mainly Late Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks and plutonic rocks similar to those of the Charlotte belt. The Carolina slate belt, flanking the Charlotte belt on the east, contains weakly metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks. East of this belt, at the southeast corner of the quadrangle, is the Wadesboro basin, which has continental sedimentary rocks of Triassic age. Layered rocks westward from and in the Charlotte belt are complexly folded, are steeply dipping, and in the Blue Ridge and Inner Piedmont are contained within major thrust slices. Rocks of the Carolina slate belt are gently folded. Rocks of the Wadesboro basin occur in downfaulted blocks. \r\n\r\nThe geophysical surveys of the Charlotte quadrangle consisted of Bouguer gravity, aeromagnetic, and aeroradioactivity surveys and used both newly obtained data and information from prior work. The gravity survey disclosed a distinct northeast-trending, northwest-decreasing gradient, which is part of the major gravity gradient that extends the length of the Appalachian Mountains. Granitic plutons of the Charlotte belt, in particular, are marked by gravity lows, and gabbro plutons, by highs. Several of the geologic belts display distinct magnetic character. The aeroradioactivity surveys showed a swath of consistently high gamma-ray intensities along the central part of the Inner Piedmont belt; these high intensities correspond to the so-called monazite belt. Oval patterns of high gamma-ray readi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir944","usgsCitation":"Gair, J.E., Goldsmith, R., Daniels, D.L., Griffitts, W.R., DeYoung, J.H., and Lee, M.P., 1986, The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, mineral-occurrence, mineral-resource potential, and mineral-production maps of the Charlotte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 944, iii, 18 p. :ill., map ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir944.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p. :ill., map ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0944/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31378,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0944/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gair, Jacob Eugene","contributorId":14387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gair","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldsmith, Richard","contributorId":33283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniels, D. L.","contributorId":69114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeYoung, J. H.","contributorId":75908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeYoung","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lee, M. P.","contributorId":40198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":4305,"text":"cir988 - 1986 - The Georges Bank monitoring program 1985: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments during the third year of monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-23T22:00:56.49744","indexId":"cir988","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"988","title":"The Georges Bank monitoring program 1985: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments during the third year of monitoring","docAbstract":"Of the 12 elements analyzed in bulk (undifferentiated) sediments collected adjacent to drilling rigs on Georges Bank, only barium was found to increase in concentration during the period when eight exploratory wells were drilled (July 1981 until September 1982). The maximum postdrilling concentration of barium (a major element in drilling mud) reached 172 ppm in bulk sediments near the drill site in block 410. This concentration is higher than the predrilling concentration at this location by a factor of 5.9. This maximum barium concentration is within the range of predrilling concentrations (28-300 ppm) measured in various sediment types from the regional stations of this program. No drilling-related changes in the concentrations of the 11 other metals have been observed in bulk sediments at any of the locations sampled in this program. \r\n\r\nWe estimate that about 25 percent of the barite discharged at block 312 was present in the sediments within 6 km of the rig, 4 weeks after drilling was completed at this location (drilling period was December 8, 1981-June 27, 1982). For almost a year following completion of this well, the inventory of barite decreased rapidly, with a half-life of 0.34 year. During the next year, the inventory decreased at a slower rate (half-life of 3.4 years). The faster rate probably reflects resuspension and sediment transport of bariterich material residing at the sediment surface. Elevated barium concentrations in post-drilling sediment-trap samples from block 312 indicate that such resuspension can occur up to at least 25 m above the sea floor. As the remaining barite particles are reworked deeper into the sediments by currents and bioturbation, removal by sediment-transport processes is slower. \r\n\r\nThe barite discharged during the exploratory phase of drilling is associated with the fine fraction of sediment and is widely distributed around the bank. We found evidence for barium transport to Great South Channel, 115 km west of the drilling, and to stations 2 and 3, 35 km east of the easternmost drilling site. Small increases in barium concentrations, present in the fine fraction of sediment only, were measured also at the heads of both Lydonia and Oceanographer Canyons, located 8 and 39 km, respectively, seaward of the nearest exploratory well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir988","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Rendigs, R., Campbell, E., Doughten, M., Parmenter, C., O’Dell, C.H., DiLisio, G., Johnson, R.G., Gillison, J., and Rait, N., 1986, The Georges Bank monitoring program 1985: Analysis of trace metals in bottom sediments during the third year of monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 988, iv, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir988.","productDescription":"iv, 60 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24086.htm"},{"id":124629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0988/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31416,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0988/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.083,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -66.5,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -66.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -71.083,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -71.083,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b24a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Esma","contributorId":92652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Esma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parmenter, C.M.","contributorId":43740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’Dell, C. H.","contributorId":103664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Dell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DiLisio, G.P.","contributorId":23127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiLisio","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, R. G.","contributorId":39350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gillison, J.R.","contributorId":97888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillison","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rait, Norma","contributorId":44128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":26617,"text":"wri854340 - 1986 - Shallow ground-water flow, water levels, and quality of water, 1980-84, Cowles Unit, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-09T13:30:32","indexId":"wri854340","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4340","title":"Shallow ground-water flow, water levels, and quality of water, 1980-84, Cowles Unit, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","docAbstract":"The Cowles Unit of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in Porter County, northwest Indiana, contains a broad dune-beach complex along the southern shoreline of Lake Michigan and a large wetland, called the Great Marsh, that occupies the lowland between the shoreline dunes and an older dune-beach complex farther inland. These lacustrine sediments form a surficial aquifer that extends from the Lake Michigan shoreline to the northern edge of the Lake Border moraine.
\nWater levels and water quality in the surficial aquifer were monitored from 1977 to 1984 near settling ponds on adjacent industrial property at the western end of the Cowles Unit, Seepage from the settling ponds from 1967 to 1980 created a water-table mound that extended north into the shoreline dune complex and caused perennial flooding of several intradunal lowlands on National Lakeshore property. Since 1980, when the settling-pond bottoms were sealed, these intradunal lowlands contained standing water only during periods of high snowmelt or rainfall.
\nWater-level declines following the cessation of seepage ranged from 6 feet at the easternmost settling pond to nearly 14 feet at the westernmost pond. No general pattern of water table decline was observed in the Great Marsh or in the shoreline dune complex at distances greater than approximately 3,000 feet east or north of the settling ponds.
\nSince the settling ponds were sealed, the concentration of boron has decreased while concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, zinc, and molybdenum in shallow ground water downgradient of the ponds show no definite trends in time. Arsenic, boron and molybdenum have remained at concentrations above those of shallow ground water in areas unaffected by settling-pond seepage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis. IN","doi":"10.3133/wri854340","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Cohen, D., and Shedlock, R.J., 1986, Shallow ground-water flow, water levels, and quality of water, 1980-84, Cowles Unit, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4340, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854340.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4340/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4340/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.28869438171387,\n 41.621923034123846\n ],\n [\n -87.26963996887207,\n 41.621730547188456\n ],\n [\n -87.26912498474121,\n 41.60806250618307\n ],\n [\n -87.24603652954102,\n 41.608511736657555\n ],\n [\n -87.24303245544434,\n 41.609859409312534\n ],\n [\n -87.24311828613281,\n 41.61306804041503\n ],\n [\n -87.23959922790527,\n 41.61313221140915\n ],\n [\n -87.23779678344727,\n 41.61396642852365\n ],\n [\n -87.23367691040039,\n 41.61441561788573\n ],\n [\n -87.23221778869629,\n 41.61249049859493\n ],\n [\n -87.2306728363037,\n 41.61531398722544\n ],\n [\n -87.2303295135498,\n 41.61614817612265\n ],\n [\n -87.22672462463377,\n 41.61499314246908\n ],\n [\n -87.22346305847167,\n 41.618329849922084\n ],\n [\n -87.22466468811035,\n 41.62558017672615\n ],\n [\n -87.17668533325195,\n 41.63578058345409\n ],\n [\n -87.17471122741699,\n 41.62301378257129\n ],\n [\n -87.17968940734863,\n 41.62275713753768\n ],\n [\n -87.18063354492188,\n 41.621923034123846\n ],\n [\n -87.1805477142334,\n 41.61807318624671\n ],\n [\n -87.18818664550781,\n 41.616725685192804\n ],\n [\n -87.1889591217041,\n 41.61634067972058\n ],\n [\n -87.18844413757324,\n 41.61364557706411\n ],\n [\n -87.18973159790039,\n 41.61358140658068\n ],\n [\n -87.19127655029297,\n 41.60799833014563\n ],\n [\n -87.19874382019043,\n 41.605174521299304\n ],\n [\n -87.19951629638672,\n 41.60645808609603\n ],\n [\n -87.20681190490723,\n 41.607677449000946\n ],\n [\n -87.2068977355957,\n 41.60273567783677\n ],\n [\n -87.21256256103516,\n 41.59978327031246\n ],\n [\n -87.21359252929686,\n 41.603698390215456\n ],\n [\n -87.22123146057129,\n 41.60286404031713\n ],\n [\n -87.22294807434082,\n 41.600040006763784\n ],\n [\n -87.23161697387695,\n 41.600681843423565\n ],\n [\n -87.23153114318848,\n 41.59644560350027\n ],\n [\n -87.25247383117676,\n 41.59792190049485\n ],\n [\n -87.25273132324217,\n 41.60061766004485\n ],\n [\n -87.25496292114258,\n 41.60074602673845\n ],\n [\n -87.2548770904541,\n 41.60382675078074\n ],\n [\n -87.27805137634276,\n 41.60389093096761\n ],\n [\n -87.27865219116211,\n 41.59914142471562\n ],\n [\n -87.34139442443848,\n 41.605880485097465\n ],\n [\n -87.32903480529784,\n 41.60645808609603\n ],\n [\n -87.31126785278319,\n 41.60594466324155\n ],\n [\n -87.30174064636229,\n 41.609153489052005\n ],\n [\n -87.28517532348633,\n 41.609602711929725\n ],\n [\n -87.28526115417479,\n 41.61640484745891\n ],\n [\n -87.28963851928711,\n 41.616854019839494\n ],\n [\n -87.29006767272949,\n 41.62205135842823\n ],\n [\n -87.28869438171387,\n 41.621923034123846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e03a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, D.A.","contributorId":17628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shedlock, R. J.","contributorId":91510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70114860,"text":"70114860 - 1986 - Earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T11:49:58","indexId":"70114860","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T09:51:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Earthquakes","docAbstract":"An earthquake is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by sudden displacement of rock in the\nEarth's crust. Earthquakes result from crustal strain, volcanism, landslides, and collapse of caverns.\nStress accumulates in response to tectonic forces until it exceeds the strength of the rock. The rock\nthen breaks along a preexisting or new fracture called a fault. The rupture extends outward in all\ndirections along the fault plane from its point of origin (focus). The rupture travels in an irregular\nmanner until the stress is relatively equalized. If the rupture disturbs the surface, it produces a visible\nfault.
\nEarthquakes can affect hundreds of thousands of square kilometers; cause damage to property measured\nin the tens of billions of dollars; result in loss of life and injury to hundreds of thousands of persons;\nand disrupt the social and economic functioning of the affected area. Although earthquakes in the\nUnited States occur most frequently in states west of the Rocky Mountains, devastating earthquakes\nhave also occurred in the Midwest and East. All 50 states have some degree of risk from earthquakes.
\nMany of these earthquake effects are depicted in the slides included in this set.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"National Geophysical Data Center, 1986, Earthquakes, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":290173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290172,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70114860/report.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b106e4b0388651d916de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Geophysical Data Center","contributorId":128205,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Geophysical Data Center","id":535662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174099,"text":"70174099 - 1986 - Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T14:37:03.487347","indexId":"70174099","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":148,"text":"Water Supply Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the major source of water in Linn County and the surrounding area. Approximately 90 percent of the groundwater production is from Silurian, Devonian, and Quaternary aquifers.
\nThe Silurian and Devonian aquifers consist of limestone and dolomite with minor shale beds, which have a regional dip to the southwest of approximately 20 feet per mile. The Silurian aquifer in east-central Iowa is confined from below by Upper Ordovician, Maquoketa Formation shales, and from above by the Kenwood Member of the Wapsipinicon Formation and the Otis and Bertram formations. The Quaternary aquifer consists of unconsolidated sand and gravel beds in the glacial drift, and in the alluvium which is associated with modern streams. The alluvium consists of lenticular beds of poorly-to well-sorted silt, sand, and gravel. The sand and gravel beds are interlayered with relatively-impermeable beds of till, silt, and clay.
\nWater moves through the Silurian aquifer in part due to a complex distribution of porous and dense carbonate facies. Horizons containing skeletal molds in the Silurian dolomite have porosities as much as 39 percent, and are laterally equivalent to dolomites with porosities as little as less than one percent. Because of subsequent fracturing and solutional enlargement of these porous horizons, hydrologic correlation of the primary water-yielding zones is not always possible. One horizon, however, does occur approximately 70 to 105 feet above the base of the Silurian, and is the most consistently productive water-yielding unit in the area. This horizon is Informally referred to as the Farmers Creek aquifer.
\nThe potentiometric surface of the Silurian aquifer has a gradient towards the Cedar River, indicating discharge from the aquifer through the alluvium into the river. By comparison, the potentiometric surface of the overlying Devonian aquifer is equal to that of the Silurian and may range to more than 40 feet higher. Yields to individual wells completed in the Silurian and Devonian carbonate aquifers vary from less than 10 to about 500 gallons per minute. Individual wells completed in the Quaternary aquifer yield as much as 2,000 gallons per minute.
\nWater analyses from the Devonian and Silurian aquifers indicate that they are of similar chemical quality at most locations in the study area. However, they may commonly contain concentrations of sulfate that exceed 1,000 mil grams per liter. Dissolved-solids concentrations as much as 2,350 milligrams per liter occur in the Silurian aquifer in the western and southwestern part of the study area. Water from the Quaternary aquifer generally is suitable for most uses and dissolved-solids concentrations generally are less than 750 milligrams per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K., and Bunker, B.J., 1986, Hydrology of carbonate aquifers in southwestern Linn County and adjacent parts of Benton, Iowa, and Johnson Counties, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 15, ix, 56 p.","productDescription":"ix, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":493181,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70174099/IGS_wsb_15.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":324479,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.9281005859375,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -91.9281005859375,\n 42.25088477477569\n ],\n [\n -91.45294189453125,\n 42.25088477477569\n ],\n [\n -91.45294189453125,\n 41.79384042311992\n ],\n [\n -91.9281005859375,\n 41.79384042311992\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57724e31e4b07657d1a8199b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth","contributorId":172488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunker, Bill J.","contributorId":172487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bunker","given":"Bill","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195036,"text":"70195036 - 1986 - Resource potential of the western North Atlantic Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:15:14","indexId":"70195036","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Resource potential of the western North Atlantic Basin","docAbstract":"We here consider the petroleum resources only of the off shelf portion of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Very little information is available for this region; off the eastern United States, only four petroleum exploration holes have been drilled in one restricted area seaward of the shelf, off the Baltimore Canyon trough. However, by interpreting seismic reflection profiles and Stratigraphie data from the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and other wells on the adjacent slope and shelf, we can evaluate the geologic conditions that existed during development of the basin and that might lead to petroleum accumulations.
The wellknown factors that lead to oil and gas accumulations are availability of source beds, adequate maturation, and the presence of reservoir beds and seals configured to create a trap. The western boundary of the area considered in this paper, the present sloperise break, is one that has developed from the interplay of sedimentation and erosion at the continental margin; these processes are affected by variations in margin subsidence, sedi-ment input, oceanic circulation, sea level, and other factors. Thus the sloperise break has migrated over time and is locally underlain by slope and shelf deposits, as well as deepbasin facies. These changes in depositional environments may well have caused juxtaposition of source and reservoir beds with effective seals.
","largerWorkTitle":"Geology of North America: The Western North Atlantic Region","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Manheim, F.T., Jansa, L., Palmason, G., Tucholke, B.E., and Landrum, R.S., 1986, Resource potential of the western North Atlantic Basin, chap. of Geology of North America: The Western North Atlantic Region, v. M, https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-M.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"M","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b98e4b00f54eb1f5e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T.","contributorId":26991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jansa, L.F.","contributorId":69073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jansa","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Palmason, Gudmundur","contributorId":201644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmason","given":"Gudmundur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tucholke, Brian E.","contributorId":96710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucholke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Landrum, Richard S.","contributorId":201645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Landrum","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70197688,"text":"70197688 - 1986 - Significance of Klamath rocks between the Franciscan Complex and Coast Range ophiolite, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T10:21:49","indexId":"70197688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of Klamath rocks between the Franciscan Complex and Coast Range ophiolite, northern California","docAbstract":"Small fault‐bounded slabs of low‐grade (prehnite‐pumpellyite‐bearing) slate, metagraywacke, and greenstone occur between the Coast Range ophiolite and South Fork Mountain Schist for at least 60 km south of the Klamath Mountains, northern California. The metagraywacke slabs differ from typical Franciscan Complex metagraywacke to the west by the absence of blueschist‐facies minerals and the abundance of quartz and chert clasts, and they differ from sandstone and mudstone of the Great Valley sequence to the east by the presence of a penetrative cleavage and low‐grade metamorphism. The metasedimentary rock in the slabs is petrographically identical to the Jurassic Galice Formation, which occurs along the western and southern margins of the Klamath Mountains. Upward drag along a west dipping reverse fault best explains the present structural position of the slabs and is consistent with available geological and geophysical data. These data imply that the Coast Range ophiolite structurally overlies Sierran‐Klamath basement at least locally.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/TC005i007p01055","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., Blake, and Brothers, R., 1986, Significance of Klamath rocks between the Franciscan Complex and Coast Range ophiolite, northern California: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 1055-1071, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC005i007p01055.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1071","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 45.182036837015886\n ],\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake","contributorId":146895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, R.N.","contributorId":90866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197689,"text":"70197689 - 1986 - Blueschist metamorphism of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T10:28:28","indexId":"70197689","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1726,"text":"GSA Memoirs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"seriesNumber":"164","title":"Blueschist metamorphism of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California","docAbstract":"Rocks of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California, are divided into two tectonostratigraphic terranes metamorphosed to the blueschist facies, both with a distinct lithologic association and deformational history. The easternmost terrane, the Pickett Peak terrane of Early Cretaceous isotopic age, consists of crenulated mica schist and gneissic to schistose metagraywacke, with lesser alkalic mafic metaigneous rocks and scarce metachert. The Pickett Peak terrane retains evidence of three periods of penetrative deformation, the first of which is characterized by segregation layering, and the second and third by crenulation cleavages. Blueschist-facies conditions persisted during the first two deformations.
The Yolla Body terrane of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous paleontologic age lies structurally below and to the west of the Pickett Peak terrane. It is characterized by voluminous metagraywacke and lesser argillite, coherent interbedded radiolarian chert, and alkalic gabbroic dikes and sills. The Yolla Bolly terrane retains evidence for two phases of penetrative deformation that were coaxial with the second and third phases of deformation in the Pickett Peak terrane. The first phase of deformation (parallel to the second phase in the Pickett Peak terrane) was also accompanied by blueschist-facies metamorphism.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1130/MEM164-p107","usgsCitation":"Jayko, A.S., Blake, M., and Brothers, R., 1986, Blueschist metamorphism of the Eastern Franciscan belt, northern California: GSA Memoirs, p. 107-123, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM164-p107.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 37.47485808497102\n ],\n [\n -119.35546875000001,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -125.46386718749999,\n 37.47485808497102\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brothers, R.N.","contributorId":90866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207375,"text":"70207375 - 1986 - Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:53:31","indexId":"70207375","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-18T12:47:47","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"The tholeiitic flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group of middle and late Miocene age cover more than 200,000 km2 in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The most voluminous formation of the Group, the Grande Ronde Basalt, erupted for 2 m.y. from north-northwest-trending fissure systems concentrated in southeast Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho. Four magnetostratigraphic units (designated R1, N1, R2, and N2 from oldest to youngest) are recognized on the basis of polarity in the Grande Ronde and provide the broad stratigraphic framework for the formation. In this study, major-element chemistry and relative stratigraphic position within the polarity intervals are used to identify and correlate individual flows and sequences of flows within the Grande Ronde Basalt on a regional scale.
Systematic examination of more than 350 analyses from 47 stratigraphic sections show that most flows fall into one of five major chemical groupings, which are distinguished primarily by small but significant variations in MgO, TiO2, and P2O5 content. In addition, four minor chemical types local to the eastern part of the province have been identified. Feeder dikes of each chemical type have also been located.
Flows or packets of flows of each chemical type can be correlated between field sections to define specific chemical-stratigraphic subunits. These subunits consist of several flows collectively 30–150 m thick. Subunits of most chemical types are repeated at irregular intervals throughout the formation; no progressive chemical trend occurs within the Grande Ronde.
Many of the chemical-stratigraphic subunits extend to the margins of the province, although most are confined to the source region in eastern Washington. Although the total number of subunits is less in the west away from the fissure systems, the total thicknesses of the N2 and R2 magnetostratigraphic units are each as thick or thicker than the corresponding units in eastern Washington. The greatest thicknesses occur in the central part of the province within the Pasco basin.
The distribution of basalt relative to the location of vents, as well as the relative east-west thicknesses, suggests that basalt flowed hundreds of kilometres westward during the most voluminous Grande Ronde eruptions, ponding against the irregular margin of the Cascade Range and being diverted through the ancestral Columbia Gorge toward the Washington-Oregon coast. Between these huge sheetflood events, smaller eruptions blanketed areas within the source region, and ongoing regional subsidence created a shallow westward-draining basin in the center of the province.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Wright, T., Swanson, D., and Byerly, G.R., 1986, Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA): GSA Bulletin, v. 97, no. 11, p. 1300-1318, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1318","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.4423828125,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -116.861572265625,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -116.630859375,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -117.50976562499999,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 46.9052455464292\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -117.410888671875,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -123.4423828125,\n 46.58906908309182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byerly, G. R.","contributorId":6826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015522,"text":"70015522 - 1986 - Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:28:40.658909","indexId":"70015522","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine","docAbstract":"Data from seismic-reflection profiles, sidescan sonar images, and sediment samples reveal the Holocene depositional history of the large (1100 km2) glaciated Penobscot Bay estuary of coastal Maine. Previous work has shown that the late Wisconsinan ice sheet retreated from the three main passages of the bay between 12,700 and 13,500 years ago and was accompanied by a marine transgression during which ice and sea were in contact. Isostatic recovery of the crust caused the bay to emerge during the immediate postglacial period, and relative sea level fell to at least −40 m sometime between 9000 and 11,500 years ago.
During lowered sea level, the ancestral Penobscot River flowed across the subaerially exposed head of the bay and debouched into Middle Passage. Organic-matter-rich mud from the river was deposited rapidly in remnant, glacially scoured depressions in the lower reaches of Middle and West Passages behind a shallow (⩽20 m water depth) bedrock sill across the bay mouth. East Passage was isolated from the rest of the bay system and received only small amounts of locally derived fine-grained sediments.
During the Holocene transgression that accompanied the eustatic rise of sea level, the locus of sedimentation shifted to the head of the bay. Here, heterogeneous fluvial deposits filled the ancestral valley of the Penobscot River as base level rose, and the migrating surf zone created a gently dipping erosional unconformity, marked by a thin (<2 m) lag deposit of coarse sand and gravel. As sea level continued to rise, a thin (⩽9 m) layer of acoustically transparent muddy sediments accumulated over a shallow platform in the eastern half of the bay head. Graded sediments within this stratum began to accumulate early in the transgression, and they record both the decrease in energy conditions and the waning influence of the Penobscot River at the head of the bay. In contrast, relatively thick (up to 25 m) silty clays accumulated within a subbottom trough in the western half of the bay head. This deposit apparently developed late in the transgression after sea level had reached −20 m and after the westward transport of fine-grained sediments from the Penobscot River had been established.
During and since the late Holocene transgression of sea level, waves and currents have eroded, reworked, and redistributed Holocene sediments: (1) atop the shallow margins; (2) within constricted channels; (3) around topographic highs; and (4) over the shallow bedrock sill at the bay mouth.
The variable distribution, characteristics, and thickness (0 to more than 30 m) of Holocene deposits in Penobscot Bay primarily reflect: (1) the irregular glacially eroded bedrock topography beneath the bay; (2) the paleogeography of the bay during the sea-level lowstand; (3) the postglacial location of the ancestral Penobscot River; and (4) the wave and current regime during and since the Holocene sea-level transgression.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90016-2","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H.J., 1986, Holocene depositional history of a large glaciated estuary, Penobscot Bay, Maine: Marine Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 215-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90016-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.03999551126985,\n 44.34162199068783\n ],\n [\n -69.03999551126985,\n 44.101920406934624\n ],\n [\n -68.75420601797863,\n 44.101920406934624\n ],\n [\n -68.75420601797863,\n 44.34162199068783\n ],\n [\n -69.03999551126985,\n 44.34162199068783\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31dee4b0c8380cd5e2d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, Harley J.","contributorId":25930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"Harley","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222152,"text":"5222152 - 1986 - Mortality of captive whooping cranes caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-17T15:34:30.172534","indexId":"5222152","displayToPublicDate":"1986-09-01T09:27:37","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2528,"text":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of captive whooping cranes caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus","docAbstract":"Of 39 captive whooping cranes (Grus americana), 7 died during a 7-week period (Sept 17 through Nov 4, 1984) at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Md. Before their deaths, 4 cranes did not develop clinical signs, whereas the other 3 cranes were lethargic and ataxic, with high aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase activities, and high uric acid concentrations. Necropsies indicated that the birds had ascites, intestinal mucosal discoloration, fat depletion, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and visceral gout. Microscopically, extensive necrosis and inflammation were seen in many visceral organs; the CNS was not affected. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus was isolated from specimens of the livers, kidneys, lungs, brains, and intestines of 4 of the 7 birds that died, and EEE virus-neutralizing antibody was detected in 14 (44%) of the 32 surviving birds. Other infectious or toxic agents were not found. Morbidity or mortality was not detected in 240 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) interspersed among the whooping cranes; however, 13 of the 32 sandhill cranes evaluated had EEE virus-neutralizing antibody. Of the 41 wild birds evaluated in the area, 3 (4%) had EEE virus-neutralizing antibody. Immature Culiseta melanura (the most probable mosquito vector) were found in scattered foci 5 km from the research center.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dein, F., Carpenter, J.W., Clark, G., Montali, R., Crabbs, C., Tsai, T., and Docherty, D.E., 1986, Mortality of captive whooping cranes caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 189, no. 9, p. 1006-1010.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1010","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.8215560913086,\n 39.01211473926839\n ],\n [\n -76.8112564086914,\n 39.006779213995024\n ],\n [\n -76.7973518371582,\n 39.01024735120522\n ],\n [\n -76.7892837524414,\n 39.0111810513999\n ],\n [\n -76.78773880004883,\n 39.021717670472995\n ],\n [\n -76.78018569946289,\n 39.02091747601645\n ],\n [\n -76.77452087402342,\n 39.025318433450245\n ],\n [\n -76.7702293395996,\n 39.02878566149626\n ],\n [\n -76.761474609375,\n 39.033052785617514\n ],\n [\n -76.75048828125,\n 39.034786231200506\n ],\n [\n -76.7398452758789,\n 39.0446527269137\n ],\n [\n -76.7281723022461,\n 39.06584769863456\n ],\n [\n -76.71976089477539,\n 39.07424394651966\n ],\n [\n -76.72199249267578,\n 39.08783575382141\n ],\n [\n -76.75580978393555,\n 39.090500507014646\n ],\n [\n -76.76971435546875,\n 39.092632237079165\n ],\n [\n -76.78876876831055,\n 39.094230992341096\n ],\n [\n -76.80473327636719,\n 39.09742839412634\n ],\n [\n -76.83511734008789,\n 39.066380823434486\n ],\n [\n -76.8303108215332,\n 39.058650119748236\n ],\n [\n -76.82722091674805,\n 39.050785259521625\n ],\n [\n -76.83425903320312,\n 39.042919523376106\n ],\n [\n -76.83528900146484,\n 39.03945298873317\n ],\n [\n -76.82104110717773,\n 39.03438620907069\n ],\n [\n -76.8156337738037,\n 39.01704974180402\n ],\n [\n -76.81503295898438,\n 39.01478235097201\n ],\n [\n -76.8215560913086,\n 39.01211473926839\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"189","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, G.G.","contributorId":68275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Montali, R.J.","contributorId":19131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montali","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crabbs, C.L.","contributorId":51265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabbs","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tsai, T.F.","contributorId":100342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsai","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Docherty, D. E.","contributorId":83469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70015541,"text":"70015541 - 1986 - Correlations between stream sulphate and regional SO2 emissions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-03T23:05:56.570711","indexId":"70015541","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlations between stream sulphate and regional SO2 emissions","docAbstract":"The relationship between atmospheric SO2 emissions and stream and lake acidification has been difficult to quantify, largely because of the limitations of sulphur deposition measurements. Precipitation sulphate (SO4) records are mostly <5 yr in length1 and do not account for dry sulphur deposition2. Moreover, a variable fraction of wet- and dry-deposited sulphur is retained in soils and vegetation and does not contribute to the acidity of aquatic systems3,4. We have compared annual SO2 emissions for the eastern United States from 1967 to 1980 with stream SO4 measurements from fifteen predominantly undeveloped watersheds (Figs 1,2). We find that the two forms of sulphur are strongly correlated on a regional basis and that streams in the southeastern United States (SE) receive a smaller fraction (on average, 16%, compared with 24% of regional sulphur emissions than do streams in the northeastern United States (NE). In addition to providing direct empirical evidence of a relationship between sulphur emissions and aquatic chemistry, these results suggest that there are significant regional differences in the fraction of deposited sulphur retained in basin soils and vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/322722a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.A., and Alexander, R.B., 1986, Correlations between stream sulphate and regional SO2 emissions: Nature, v. 322, no. 6081, p. 722-724, https://doi.org/10.1038/322722a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"724","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"322","issue":"6081","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc4de4b0c8380cd4e204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70209665,"text":"70209665 - 1986 - Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-20T17:21:17.936625","indexId":"70209665","displayToPublicDate":"1986-08-10T12:15:06","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"Rocks of the 23.1‐m.y.‐old Lake City caldera consist of the compositionally zoned Sunshine Peak Tuff, postcollapse intracaldera lava flows, and resurgent quartz syenite intrusions. Declinations of reversely magnetized (I = −45° to −75°) Sunshine Peak Tuff change from easterly (D = 93°–130°) throughout most of the tuff to southerly (D = 195°–207°) within the late eruptive phases. The postcollapse lava flows are also reversely magnetized, and their emplacement appears to have spanned resurgence of the caldera. In contrast, the uppermost levels of the resurgent intrusion record two distinct components of magnetization: a reversed component isolated by thermal demagnetization typically at temperatures greater than 400°C and a normal component defined by thermal demagnetization at lower temperatures. A baked‐contact test implies that emplacement and initial cooling of the intrusion occurred during a time of reversed polarity and that continued cooling at lower blocking temperatures took place during normal polarity. Assuming that the reversed directions of the extrusive and intrusive rocks record a single period of reversed polarity as suggested by the paleomagnetic and radiometric age data, the time for caldera development (from eruption of the ash flow tuffs to emplacement of the resurgent intrusion) was less than about 300,000 years on the basis of best estimates of durations of reversed polarities in the early Miocene. The estimated 300,000‐year time span for the development of the Lake City caldera is very close in duration to the radiometrically determined time spans of much younger (Pleistocene) calderas having similar dimensions and similar volumes of erupted material.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB09p09599","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., Hudson, M., and Hon, K., 1986, Paleomagnetic evidence for the timing of collapse and resurgence of the Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B9, p. 9599-9613, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB09p09599.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"9599","endPage":"9613","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Lake City Caldera, San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.0560302734375,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -105.8477783203125,\n 36.99816565700228\n ],\n [\n -105.8477783203125,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -108.0560302734375,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -108.0560302734375,\n 36.99816565700228\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Mark R. 0000-0003-0338-6079 mhudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-6079","contributorId":1236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Mark R.","email":"mhudson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hon, Ken","contributorId":220212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hon","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":787443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121097,"text":"70121097 - 1986 - Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-19T14:24:48","indexId":"70121097","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T13:59:05","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna","docAbstract":"The avifauna of continental North America has changed dramatically since colonial times. Excessive hunting contributed, at least in part, to the extinction of birds such as the great auk (Pinguinus impennis) and passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), while more recently organochlorine insecticide residues have resulted in drastic reductions in numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) (Anderson et al. 1975) and other species. Generally, however, vertebrate populations change in direct response to changes in their habitats. For example, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) have increased in numners (Kadlec and Drury 1968) with urbanization of the New England coastline, in the same locations formerly occupied by the extinct heath hen (Tympanuchus cupido cupido). Also, passerine birds of forest interiors have declined in numbers with fragmentation of the eastern deciduous forest into small stands; this fragmentation has led to increases in numbers of edge species (Robbins 1979, Ambuel and Temple 1983). Even subtle community shifts can introduce new competitive processes that can augment population changes among species (Brittingham and Temple 1983). Such studies of broad-scale changes in vegetative communities and their influence on native wildlife species have fostered the recent topical emphasis on \"conservation biology\" (Soule and Wilcox 1980, Soule 1985) and \"landscape ecology\" (Burgess and Sharpe 1981, Harris 1984:25-43). As changes in landscapes are causing subtle (but potentially dramatic) changes in the distribution of native species, conservation biologists are finding that mere presence-absence data on populations, or even accurate information on reproductive success, is inadequate to evaluate management activities or environmental perturbations. The principles of \"conservation genetics\" are attracting interest in the management of natural preserves especially (Schonewald-Cox et al. 1983).
\nChanging patterns in landscape complexion or genetic makeup of a population are difficult to detect locally. Contemporary issues in the conservation of native species demand regional and continental perspectives (Samson and Knopf 1982). Thus, management activities at specific sites are often viewed as short-sighted by planners and conservation critics. This paper illustrates how these contemporary theories can influence a local conservation perspective. That perspective is developed around historical processes that have led to cosmopolitism of the local avifauna on the Colorado Division of Wildlife's South Platte Wildlife Management Area (SPWMA) near Crook, Colorado.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Knopf, F., 1986, Changing landscapes and the cosmopolitism of the eastern Colorado avifauna: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 14, no. 2, p. 132-142.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0603,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,41.0034 ], [ -102.0409,36.9924 ], [ -109.0603,36.9924 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464c9e4b073ff773a7cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knopf, Fritz L.","contributorId":30549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"Fritz L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197499,"text":"70197499 - 1986 - Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:46:52","indexId":"70197499","displayToPublicDate":"1986-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California","docAbstract":"The Western Cascade Series (WCS) is a 3.5‐km‐thick, crudely homoclinal (east dipping) calcalkaline volcanic sequence of mid‐Oligocene to early Miocene age that crops out near the southern tip of the Cascade Range in northern California. The mean direction of remanent magnetization in the WCS is D, 4.9°; I, 57.6° (N, 53; k, 14.4; α95, 5.3°). When compared to a reference direction for the North American craton, the WCS direction indicates that the southern Cascade Range has rotated 14.0° ± 9.0° since the WCS accumulated. A difference in mean direction between the lower and upper halves of the WCS suggests that much of this rotation occurred during the late Oligocene. Six other paleomagnetic studies of rock units of an age roughly comparable to the WCS also are available from western Oregon, northwestern California, and southwestern Washington. All show statistically significant clockwise rotation (inclinations of all but one are concordant). Comparison of directions indicates that the Pacific Northwest did not rotate as a rigid body, but neither did it behave as a collection of small, independently rotating domains. The amount of rotation found throughout the area increases to the west or northwest, suggesting a driving force for rotation operating at the continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB08p08219","usgsCitation":"Beck, M.E., Burmester, R.F., Craig, D.E., Gromme, C.S., and Wells, R., 1986, Paleomagnetism of Middle Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Western Cascade Series, northern California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8219-8230, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB08p08219.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"8219","endPage":"8230","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.61360168457033,\n 41.85115059465234\n ],\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 41.85115059465234\n ],\n [\n -122.35336303710938,\n 41.996753126923714\n ],\n [\n -122.61360168457033,\n 41.996753126923714\n ],\n [\n -122.61360168457033,\n 41.85115059465234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Myrl E. Jr.","contributorId":60700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Myrl","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burmester, Russell F.","contributorId":6083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burmester","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Craig, Douglas E.","contributorId":205482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gromme, C. Sherman","contributorId":22236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gromme","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sherman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, Ray E. 0000-0002-7796-0160 rwells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":2692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray E.","email":"rwells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":737467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121080,"text":"70121080 - 1986 - Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:49:19","indexId":"70121080","displayToPublicDate":"1986-06-01T12:56:29","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"We examined 63 specimens of Coluber constrictor from Colorado and Utah using eight external morphological characters that have been used to distinguish C. c. mormon from C. c. flaviventris. We grouped the snakes into three Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's) in a transect across the Rocky Mountains: the eastern Front Range foothills in Colorado; the inter-mountain region (western slope of Colorado and northeastern Utah); and the western foothills of the Wasatch Mountains in Utah. Statistically significant variation among the OTU's was discovered for ration of tail length to total length, number of central and subcaudal scales, and number of dentary teeth. However, variation is clinal with nearly complete overlap from one end f the transect to the other for each character, suggesting a wide zone of intergradiation in the inter-mountain region. We do not believe reported differences in reproductive parameters between Great Plains and Great Basin racers are sufficient grounds for recognition of species, because clutch size is both geographically variable and dependent on the environment. The distribution of C. constrictor is similar to that of other reptiles with transmontane distributions in the western United States, and we suggest two possible routes of dispersal across the Continental Divide in southwestern Wyoming. Thus, elevation of C. c. mormon to species status is not supported by morphological, reproductive, or zoogeographic evidence.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Herpetologists' League","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Corn, P., and Bury, R.B., 1986, Morphological variation and zoogeography of racers (Coluber constrictor) in the central Rocky Mountains: Herpetologica, v. 42, no. 2, p. 258-264.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"264","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Utah","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.05,36.96 ], [ -114.05,42.08 ], [ -101.98,42.08 ], [ -101.98,36.96 ], [ -114.05,36.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464cde4b073ff773a7d3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corn, Paul Stephen 0000-0002-4106-6335","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6335","contributorId":107379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corn","given":"Paul Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208741,"text":"70208741 - 1986 - Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T11:47:58","indexId":"70208741","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-01T11:07:56","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia","docAbstract":"In downtown Richmond, Va., a highly diatomaceous deposit contains a diatom assemblage in which 87 taxa have been identified. The diatoms indicate that this sedimentary unit is correlative with Lithologic Unit 19 of the Choptank Formation of middle Miocene age. Also in Richmond, a sedimentary unit correlated with the Eastover Formation overlies the Choptank Formation and contains a sparse diatom assemblage in which 24 taxa have been identified. The diatoms in this upper deposit form an assemblage that is distinctive from that of the Choptank Formation and is of late Miocene age. Both diatom assemblages are dominated by taxa indicating deposition in a littoral or shallow neritic marine environment. Although reasons for differences in diatom diversity and abundance between the two formations are obscure, these differences appear to reflect the greater primary productivity of diatoms in middle Miocene than in later Tertiary time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000022010","usgsCitation":"Andrews, G.W., 1986, Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, no. 2, p. 497-538, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000022010.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"538","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372694,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Richmond","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.70492553710938,\n 37.38325280195101\n ],\n [\n -77.27371215820312,\n 37.38325280195101\n ],\n [\n -77.27371215820312,\n 37.65338320128765\n ],\n [\n -77.70492553710938,\n 37.65338320128765\n ],\n [\n -77.70492553710938,\n 37.38325280195101\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, George William","contributorId":62995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014538,"text":"70014538 - 1986 - Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landforms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T16:23:43.113484","indexId":"70014538","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landforms","docAbstract":"The first accelerator radiocarbon dates of rock varnishes are reported along with potassium/argon ages of lava flows and conventional radiocarbon dates of pluvial lake shorelines, in an empirical calibration of rock varnish K+ + Ca2+/Ti4+ ratios with age in the Mojave Desert, eastern California. This calibration was used to determine the cation-ratio dates of 167 artifacts. Although cation-ratio dating is an experimental method, some dates suggest human occupation of the Mojave Desert in the late Pleistocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.231.4740.830","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dorn, R., Bamforth, D., Cahill, T., Dohrenwend, J.C., Turrin, B.D., Donahue, D., Jull, A., Long, A., Macko, M., Weil, E., Whitley, D., and Zabel, T., 1986, Cation-ratio and accelerator radiocarbon dating of rock varnish on Mojave artifacts and landforms: Science, v. 231, no. 4740, p. 830-833, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4740.830.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"830","endPage":"833","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"eastern California, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.10107822219314,\n 35.63752245494534\n ],\n [\n -116.10107822219314,\n 34.317456232441515\n ],\n [\n -114.71218451844791,\n 34.317456232441515\n ],\n [\n -114.71218451844791,\n 35.63752245494534\n ],\n [\n -116.10107822219314,\n 35.63752245494534\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"231","issue":"4740","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3cfe4b0c8380cd4b993","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorn, R.I.","contributorId":61172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorn","given":"R.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bamforth, D.B.","contributorId":12209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bamforth","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahill, T.A.","contributorId":82862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahill","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dohrenwend, J. C.","contributorId":40960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohrenwend","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donahue, D.J.","contributorId":22909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donahue","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jull, A.J.T.","contributorId":79625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jull","given":"A.J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Long, A.","contributorId":25307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Macko, M.E.","contributorId":34274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macko","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Weil, E.B.","contributorId":108258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weil","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Whitley, D.S.","contributorId":36692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitley","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zabel, T.H.","contributorId":41971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabel","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":16427,"text":"ofr86313 - 1986 - Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T16:30:41.56629","indexId":"ofr86313","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T22:05:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-313","title":"Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","docAbstract":"During 1983-84, ground water from 63 wells located at 31 sites throughout, eastern Broward County, Florida, was sampled and analyzed to determine baseline water-quality conditions. The physical and chemical parameters analyzed included field measurements (pH and temperature), physical characteristics (color, turbidity, and specific conductance), major inorganic ions, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), selected trace metals, and total phenolic compounds. Ground-water samples were collected at the end of the dry season (April), during rising water levels (June and July), and during yearly peak water levels (September and October). These data are tabulated, by well, in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., and Cannon, F.L., 1986, Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-313, iii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86313.","productDescription":"iii, 68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45390,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/ofr86313.pdf","text":"Report","size":"878 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ],\n [\n -80.49339294433592,\n 26.327268243699777\n ],\n [\n -80.49888610839844,\n 25.949401131968656\n ],\n [\n -80.11711120605469,\n 25.9500185488265\n ],\n [\n -80.09170532226562,\n 26.191796007381587\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Using several isotopic techniques, we have determined the ages of selected metamorphic rocks in the Yukon-Tanana terrane (YTT) of east-central Alaska. U-Pb zircon data from an augen gneiss body in the Big Delta quadrangle indicate that the granitoid protolith of the gneiss was intruded 341 ± 3 m.y. ago (lower intercept age). An upper intercept age of 2,136 ± 31 m.y. indicates an inherited early Proterozoic component in these zircons. This inheritance age is substantiated by a Sm-Nd whole-rock model age of 2.09 ± 0.08 b.y. from the Big Delta augen gneiss body. Detrital zircons from quartzitic wall rocks to this body were also derived from an early Proterozoic (∼2.1 to 2.3 b.y. old) crustal source(s). Zircons from three other augen gneisses occurring in an east-west belt which extends into the southern Yukon Territory, Canada, have similar Mississippian and early Proterozoic intercept ages. A Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron from widely separated bodies of augen gneiss has an age of 333 ± 26 m.y. and an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.728 ± 0.002, confirming the Mississippian intrusive age for the protolith. The high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio further indicates an old crustal component in these rocks. A Rb-Sr mineral isochron (115 ± 4 m.y.), K-Ar data from hornblende and micas (128 to 107 m.y.), and U-Pb data from sphene (134. m.y.) from augen gneiss and related rocks are similar to many K-Ar ages in this region and confirm the occurrence of an early Cretaceous thermal event. U-Pb ages of zircons from three metavolcanic units in the YTT suggest that extrusion of the protoliths of these rocks occurred 360–380 m.y. ago. Scatter in the data is caused by ubiquitous inheritance and multiple lead-loss events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<626:GOAGAR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Dusel-Bacon, C., and Foster, H.L., 1986, Geochronology of augen gneiss and related rocks, Yukon-Tanana terrane, east-central Alaska : Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 5, p. 626-637, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<626:GOAGAR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"626","endPage":"637","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 61.77312286453146\n ],\n [\n -141.50390625,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 69.28725695167886\n ],\n [\n -159.78515624999997,\n 61.77312286453146\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Helen L.","contributorId":56195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38487,"text":"pp1403B - 1986 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T16:59:22.807123","indexId":"pp1403B","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and in parts of Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system of the Southeastern United States is comprised of a thick sequence of carbonate rocks that are mostly of Paleocene to early Miocene age and that are hydraulically connected in varying degrees. The aquifer system consists of a single vertically continuous permeable unit updip and of two major permeable zones (the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers) separated by one of seven middle confining units downdip. Neither the boundaries of the aquifer system or of its component high- and low-permeability zones necessarily conform to either formation boundaries or time-stratigraphic breaks. The rocks that make up the Floridan aquifer system, its upper and lower confining units, and a surficial aquifer have been separated into several chronostratigraphic units. The external and internal geometry of these stratigraphic units is presented on a series of structure contour and isopach maps and by a series of geohydrologic cross sections and a fence diagram. Paleocene through middle Eocene units consist of an updip clastic facies and a downdip carbonate bank facies, that extends progressively farther north and east in progressively younger units. Upper Eocene and Oligocene strata are predominantly carbonate rocks throughout the study area. Miocene and younger strata are mostly clastic rocks. Subsurface data show that some modifications in current stratigraphic nomenclature are necessary. First, the middle Eocene Lake City Limestone cannot be distinguished lithologically or faunally from the overlying middle Eocene Avon Park 'Limestone.' Accordingly, it is proposed that the term Lake City be abandoned and the term Avon Park Formation be applied to the entire middle Eocene carbonate section of peninsular Florida and southeastern Georgia. A reference well section in Levy County, Fla., is proposed for the expanded Avon Park Formation. The Avon Park is called a 'formation' more properly than a 'limestone' because the unit contains rock types other than limestone. Second, like the Avon Park, the lower Eocene Oldsmar and Paleocene Cedar Keys 'Limestones' of peninsular Florida practically everywhere contain rock types other than limestone. It is therefore proposed that these units be referred to more accurately as Oldsmar Formation and Cedar Keys Formation. The uppermost hydrologic unit in the study area is a surficial aquifer that can be divided into (1) a fluvial sand-and-gravel aquifer in southwestern Alabama and westernmost panhandle Florida, (2) limestone and sandy limestone of the Biscayne aquifer in southeastern peninsular Florida, and (3) a thin blanket of terrace and fluvial sands elsewhere. The surficial aquifer is underlain by a thick sequence of fine clastic rocks and low-permeability carbonate rocks, most of which are part of the middle Miocene Hawthorn Formation and all of which form the upper confining unit of the Floridan aquifer system. In places, the upper confining unit has been removed by erosion or is breached by sinkholes. Water in the Floridan aquifer system thus occurs under unconfined, semiconfined, or fully confined conditions, depending upon the presence, thickness, and integrity of the upper confining unit. Within the Floridan aquifer system, seven low permeability zones of subregional extent split the aquifer system in most places into an Upper and Lower Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer, which consists of all or parts of rocks of Oligocene age, late Eocene age, and the upper half of rocks of middle Eocene age, is highly permeable. The middle confining units that underlie the Upper Floridan are mostly of middle Eocene age but may be as young as Oligocene or as old as early Eocene. Where no middle confining unit exists, the entire aquifer system is comprised of permeable rocks and for hydrologic discussions is treated as the Upper Floridan aquifer.
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U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Water levels in 52 wells near the Manorville scavenger-waste disposal facility in the Town of Brookhaven were measured in November 1983 to determine the direction and gradients of groundwater flow in the upper glacial aquifer. Groundwater moves south-southeastward (S22 degrees E) from the groundwater divide, about 6 miles north of the facility, to discharge points near East Moriches and beneath Moriches Bay. The hydraulic gradient beneath the disposal facility is 6.5 ft/mi (0.0012 foot/foot), and the rate of horizontal flow is 0.9 to 1.7 ft/day. Vertical movement of groundwater since closure of the disposal facility in 1982 is probably negligible because the vertical gradients are small and the upper glacial aquifer is anisotropic. During operation of the facility, however, groundwater mounding may have developed beneath the unlined settling basins, which could have induced downward movement of water in the upper glacial aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854035","usgsCitation":"Eckhardt, D., and Wexler, E.J., 1986, Ground-water movement in the upper glacial aquifer in the Manorville area, Town of Brookhaven, Long Island, New York, in November 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4035, Report: iv, 12 p.; 2 Plates: 18.18 x 25.03 inches and 19.94 x 26.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854035.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 2 Plates: 18.18 x 25.03 inches and 19.94 x 26.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4035/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55816,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55814,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4035/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55815,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4035/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415602,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Brookhaven, Long Island, Manorville area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.8431,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -72.8431,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -72.7206,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -72.7206,\n 40.875\n ],\n [\n -72.8431,\n 40.875\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66744a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckhardt, D. A.","contributorId":99591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wexler, E. J.","contributorId":104931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wexler","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}