The herbicide acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) acetamide] was first used on corn (Zea mays L.) in the USA during the growing season of 1994. By 1996, it was the third most heavily used corn herbicide in the midwestern USA. During the growing season of 1997, 78% of 375 samples collected at 32 stream sites in the Mississippi River Basin contained detectable concentrations of acetochlor. However, concentrations in only 2% of the samples exceeded 2/µg/L, the maximum annual average concentration allowable in public water supplies derived primarily from surface water. The largest acetochlor concentrations were detected in streams draining basins in parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa. The median concentration of acetochlor in streams was about 10% that of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), about 25% that of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide], about 50% that of cyanazine [2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile], and about threefold that of alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide]. Load estimates indicate that, during the growing season of 1997, agricultural subbasins draining areas of Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa contributed about 37 000 kg, or 74%, of the 50 000 kg of acetochlor measured in streams of the Mississippi River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060014x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.M., and Goolsby, D.A., 1999, Occurrence and transport of acetochlor in streams of the Mississippi River Basin: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1787-1795, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060014x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1787","endPage":"1795","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b81e4b0c8380cd74731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, G. M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021273,"text":"70021273 - 1999 - Emission of pesticides into the air","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021273","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Emission of pesticides into the air","docAbstract":"During and after the application of a pesticide in agriculture, a substantial fraction of the dosage may enter the atmosphere and be transported over varying distances downwind of the target. The rate and extent of the emission during application, predominantly as spray particle drift, depends primarily on the application method (equipment and technique), the formulation and environmental conditions, whereas the emission after application depends primarily on the properties of the pesticide, soils, crops and environmental conditions. The fraction of the dosage that misses the target area may be high in some cases and more experimental data on this loss term are needed for various application types and weather conditions. Such data are necessary to test spray drift models, and for further model development and verification as well. Following application, the emission of soil fumigants and soil incorporated pesticides into the air can be measured and computed with reasonable accuracy, but further model development is needed to improve the reliability of the model predictions. For soil surface applied pesticides reliable measurement methods are available, but there is not yet a reliable model. Further model development is required which must be verified by field experiments. Few data are available on pesticide volatilization from plants and more field experiments are also needed to study the fate processes on the plants. Once this information is available, a model needs to be developed to predict the volatilization of pesticides from plants, which, again, should be verified with field measurements. For regional emission estimates, a link between data on the temporal and spatial pesticide use and a geographical information system for crops and soils with their characteristics is needed.","largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005234329622","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Van Den, B.F., Kubiak, R., Benjey, W., Majewski, M., Yates, S., Reeves, G., Smelt, J., and Van Der Linden, A.M., 1999, Emission of pesticides into the air, in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 115, no. 1-4, p. 195-218, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622.","startPage":"195","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499908,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/emission-of-pesticides-into-the-air","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206433,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234329622"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08fbe4b0c8380cd51d3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Den, Berg F. F.","contributorId":74156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Den","given":"Berg","suffix":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubiak, R.","contributorId":60802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benjey, W.G.","contributorId":68059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benjey","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Majewski, M.S.","contributorId":88501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majewski","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, S.R.","contributorId":6614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reeves, G.L.","contributorId":58040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smelt, J.H.","contributorId":31545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smelt","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Van Der Linden, A. M. A.","contributorId":38308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Der Linden","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70021269,"text":"70021269 - 1999 - Kilauea summit overflows: Their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021269","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kilauea summit overflows: Their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"The tube-fed pahoehoe lava flows covering much of the northeast flank of Kilauea Volcano are named the 'Aila'au flows. Their eruption age, based on published and six new radiocarbon dates, is approximately AD 1445. The flows have distinctive paleomagnetic directions with steep inclinations (40??-50??) and easterly declinations (0??-10??E). The lava was transported ~40 km from the vent to the coast in long, large-diameter lava tubes; the longest tube (Kazumura Cave) reaches from near the summit to within several kilometers of the coast near Kaloli Point. The estimated volume of the 'Aila'au flow field is 5.2 ?? 0.8 km3, and the eruption that formed it probably lasted for approximately 50 years. Summit overflows from Kilauea may have been nearly continuous between approximately AD 1290 and 1470, during which time a series of shields formed at and around the summit. The 'Aila'au shield was either the youngest or the next to youngest in this series of shields. Site-mean paleomagnetic directions for lava flows underlying the 'Aila'au flows form only six groups. These older pahoehoe flows range in age from 2750 to <18,000 BP, and the region was inundated by lava flows only three times in the past 5000 years. The known intervals between eruptive events average ~1600 years and range from ~1250 years to >2200 years. Lava flows from most of these summit eruptions also reached the coast, but none appears as extensive as the 'Aila'au flow field. The chemistry of the melts erupted during each of these summit overflow events is remarkably similar, averaging approximately 6.3 wt.% MgO near the coast and 6.8 wt.% MgO near the summit. The present-day caldera probably formed more recently than the eruption that formed the 'Aila'au flows (estimated termination ca. AD 1470). The earliest explosive eruptions that formed the Keanakako'i Ash, which is stratigraphically above the 'Aila'au flows, cannot be older than this age.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004450050279","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Clague, D., Hagstrum, J., Beeson, M., and Champion, D., 1999, Kilauea summit overflows: Their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 61, no. 6, p. 363-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050279.","startPage":"363","endPage":"381","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206411,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050279"},{"id":229667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4091e4b0c8380cd64e74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, D.A.","contributorId":36129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beeson, M.H.","contributorId":83118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeson","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021265,"text":"70021265 - 1999 - The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021265","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout. Seven diets were each fed to four replicate lots of 300 first-feeding fry cultured in 75 1 aluminum troughs for 8 weeks. Two basal diets were manufactured with approximately equal nutrient content, one using krill and squid meals and the other anchovy meal as the primary protein-containing ingredients. The meals used to manufacture the diets were separated into two fractions: lipid (ether-extractable); and protein/ash (non-ether-extractable) using a large soxhlet. The fractions were then recombined to create two additional diets; one containing anchovy protein/ash with krill/squid lipid, the other krill/squid protein/ash with fish lipid. A fifth diet recombined krill/squid protein/ash with krill/squid lipid to evaluate effects of the extraction process. Two additional treatments included a diet with a portion of the krill meal replaced by poultry by-product meal, and the basal anchovy meal diet supplemented with sodium, magnesium, and copper. Fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal as the primary protein source gained more weight (P < 0.05) than fish consuming krill/squid meal-based diets. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height x 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.05) for fish consuming diets containing krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction (DFI = 9.9%-10.0%) than for fish consuming diets containing anchovy meal protein/ash fraction (DFI = 4.9%-5.3%), regardless of lipid source. Supplementation of the anchovy meal diet with sodium, magnesium, and copper improved (P < 0.05) DFI by approximately 20%, but not to the level supported by the krill/squid meal protein/ash fraction diets. The cost of the krill meal diet was reduced by inclusion of poultry by-product meal without affecting dorsal fin condition. These data indicate that the dietary agent contributing to dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout is not present in the ether-extractable fraction of the diet, but rather in the protein or mineral fraction.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F., and Lellis, W., 1999, The effect of dietary protein and lipid source on dorsal fin erosion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Aquaculture, v. 180, no. 1-2, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206564,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00188-X"},{"id":230223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab20e4b08c986b322c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021259,"text":"70021259 - 1999 - Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T15:37:26","indexId":"70021259","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands","docAbstract":"Avian botulism kills thousands of waterbirds annually throughout North America, but management efforts to reduce its effects have been hindered because environmental conditions that promote outbreaks are poorly understood. We measured sediment and water variables in 32 pairs of wetlands with and without a current outbreak of avian botulism. Wetlands with botulism outbreaks had greater percent organic matter (POM) in the sediment (P = 0.088) and lower redox potential in the water (P = 0.096) than paired control wetlands. We also found that pH, redox potential, temperature, and salinity measured just above the sediment-water interface were associated (P ≤ 0.05) with the risk of botulism outbreaks in wetlands, but relations were complex, involving nonlinear and multivariate associations. Regression models indicated that the risk of botulism outbreaks increased when water pH was between 7.5 and 9.0, redox potential was negative, and water temperature was >20°C. Risk declined when redox potential increased (>100), water temperature decreased (10-15°C), pH was <7.5 or >9.0, or salinity was low (<2.0 ppt). Our predictive models could allow managers to assess potential effects of wetland management practices on the risk of botulism outbreaks and to develop and evaluate alternative management strategies to reduce losses from avian botulism.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802842","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., and Samuel, M.D., 1999, Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 4, p. 1249-1260, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802842.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1249","endPage":"1260","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288514,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802842"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 49.32512199104001\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 25.64152637306577\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 25.64152637306577\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7a4e4b08c986b32c565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021255,"text":"70021255 - 1999 - Geology and evolution of lakes in north-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T14:43:57.656369","indexId":"70021255","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and evolution of lakes in north-central Florida","docAbstract":"Fluid exchange between surficial waters and groundwater in karst environments, and the processes that control exchange, are of critical concern to water management districts and planners. High-resolution seismic data were collected from 30 lakes of north-central Florida. In each case study, lake structure and geomorphology were controlled by solution and/or mechanical processes. Processes that control lake development are twofold: (1) karstification or dissolution of the underlying limestone, and (2) the collapse, subsidence, or slumping of overburden to form sinkholes. Initial lake formation is directly related to the karst topography of the underlying host limestone. Case studies have shown that lakes can be divided by geomorphic types into progressive developmental phases: (1) active subsidence or collapse phase (young); (2) transitional phase (middle age); (3) baselevel phase (mature); and (4) polje (drowned prairie) – broad flat-bottom that have one or all phases of sinkhole. Using these criteria, Florida lakes can be classified by size, fill, subsurface features, and geomorphology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s002540050428","usgsCitation":"Kindinger, J., Davis, J.B., and Flocks, J.G., 1999, Geology and evolution of lakes in north-central Florida: Environmental Geology, v. 38, no. 4, p. 301-321, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050428.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"321","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.5,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 28.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 30.1\n ],\n [\n -82.5,\n 30.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a22cce4b0c8380cd57346","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J. B. hdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":81838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","email":"hdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flocks, J. G.","contributorId":92309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flocks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021254,"text":"70021254 - 1999 - Determination of uptake kinetics (sampling rates) by lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:00:08","indexId":"70021254","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of uptake kinetics (sampling rates) by lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water","docAbstract":"The use of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) is becoming commonplace, but very little sampling rate data are available for the estimation of ambient contaminant concentrations from analyte levels in exposed SPMDs. We determined the aqueous sampling rates (R(s)s; expressed as effective volumes of water extracted daily) of the standard (commercially available design) 1-g triolein SPMD for 15 of the priority pollutant (PP) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at multiple temperatures and concentrations. Under the experimental conditions of this study, recovery- corrected R(s) values for PP PAHs ranged from ???1.0 to 8.0 L/d. These values would be expected to be influenced by significant changes (relative to this study) in water temperature, degree of biofouling, and current velocity- turbulence. Included in this paper is a discussion of the effects of temperature and octanol-water partition coefficient (K(ow)); the impacts of biofouling and hydrodynamics are reported separately. Overall, SPMDs responded proportionally to aqueous PAH concentrations; i.e., SPMD R(s) values and SPMD-water concentration factors were independent of aqueous concentrations. Temperature effects (10, 18, and 26 ??C) on Rs values appeared to be complex but were relatively small.The use of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) is becoming commonplace, but very little sampling rate data are available for the estimation of ambient contaminant concentrations from analyte levels in exposed SPMDs. We determined the aqueous sampling rates (Rss; expressed as effective volumes of water extracted daily) of the standard (commercially available design) 1-g triolein SPMD for 15 of the priority pollutant (PP) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at multiple temperatures and concentrations. Under the experimental conditions of this study, recovery-corrected Rs values for PP PAHs ranged from ???1.0 to 8.0 L/d. These values would be expected to be influenced by significant changes (relative to this study) in water temperature, degree of biofouling, and current velocity-turbulence. Included in this paper is a discussion of the effects of temperature and octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW); the impacts of biofouling and hydrodynamics are reported separately. Overall, SPMDs responded proportionally to aqueous PAH concentrations; i.e., SPMD RS values and SPMD-water concentration factors were independent of aqueous concentrations. Temperature effects (10, 18, and 26??C) on RS values appeared to be complex but were relatively small.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/es990440u","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J., Petty, J.D., Orazio, C., Lebo, J., Clark, R., Gibson, V., Gala, W., and Echols, K.R., 1999, Determination of uptake kinetics (sampling rates) by lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 21, p. 3918-3923, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990440u.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3918","endPage":"3923","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206499,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990440u"}],"volume":"33","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffe4e4b0c8380cd4f465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orazio, C.E.","contributorId":68440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebo, J.A.","contributorId":65533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lebo","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clark, R.C.","contributorId":49952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, V.L.","contributorId":65246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"V.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gala, W.R.","contributorId":12646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gala","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Echols, K. R.","contributorId":32637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echols","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70021253,"text":"70021253 - 1999 - Differential expression of the virulence-associated protein p57 and characterization of its duplicated gene rosa in virulent and attenuated strains of Renibacterium salmoninarum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T12:24:04.026275","indexId":"70021253","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential expression of the virulence-associated protein p57 and characterization of its duplicated gene rosa in virulent and attenuated strains of Renibacterium salmoninarum","docAbstract":"Virulence mechanisms utilized by the salmonid fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum are poorly understood. One potential virulence factor is p57 (also designated MSA for major soluble antigen), an abundant 57 kDa soluble protein that is predominately localized on the bacterial cell surface with significant levels released into the extracellular milieu. Previous studies of an attenuated strain, MT 239, indicated that it differs from virulent strains in the amount of surface-associated p57. In this report, we show overall expression of p57 in R. salmoninarum MT 239 is considerably reduced as compared to a virulent strain, ATCC 33209. The amount of cell-associated p57 is decreased while the level of p57 in the culture supernatant is nearly equivalent between the strains. To determine if lowered amount of cell-associated p57 was due to a sequence defect in p57, a genetic comparison was performed. Two copies of the gene encoding p57 (msa1 and msa2) were found in 33209 and MT 239, as well as in several other virulent isolates. Both copies from 33209 and MT 239 were cloned and sequenced and found to be identical to each other, and identical between the 2 strains. A comparison of msa1 and msa2 within each strain showed that their sequences diverge 40 base pairs 5, to the open reading frame, while sequences 3' to the open reading frame are essentially identical for at least 225 base pairs. Northern blot analysis showed no difference in steady state levels of rosa mRNA between the 2 strains. These data suggest that while cell-surface localization of p57 may be important for R. salmoninarum virulence, the differences in localization, and total p57 expression between 33209 anti MT 239 are not due to differences in rosa sequence or differences in steady state transcript levels.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao038115","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"O'Farrell, C., and Strom, M., 1999, Differential expression of the virulence-associated protein p57 and characterization of its duplicated gene rosa in virulent and attenuated strains of Renibacterium salmoninarum: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 38, no. 2, p. 115-123, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao038115.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao038115","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00fae4b0c8380cd4fa12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Farrell, C. L.","contributorId":44689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Farrell","given":"C. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strom, M.S.","contributorId":10188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strom","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021252,"text":"70021252 - 1999 - Dynamics of food availability, body condition and physiological stress response in breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:33:59","indexId":"70021252","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1711,"text":"Functional Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of food availability, body condition and physiological stress response in breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes","docAbstract":"1. The seasonal dynamics of body condition (BC), circulating corticosterone levels (baseline, BL) and the adrenocortical response to acute stress (SR) were examined in long-lived Black-legged Kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla, breeding at Duck (food-poor colony) and Gull (food-rich colony) Islands in lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. It was tested whether the dynamics of corticosterone levels reflect a seasonal change in bird physiological condition due to reproduction and/or variation in foraging conditions. 2. BC declined seasonally, and the decline was more pronounced in birds at the food-poor colony. BL and SR levels of corticosterone rose steadily through the reproductive season, and BL levels were significantly higher in birds on Duck island compared with those on Gull Island. During the egg-laying and chick-rearing stages, birds had lower SR on Duck Island than on Gull Island. 3. The results suggest that, in addition to a seasonal change in bird physiology during reproduction, local ecological factors such as food availability affect circulating levels of corticosterone and adrenal response to acute stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Functional Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00352.x","issn":"02698463","usgsCitation":"Kitaysky, A., Wingfield, J., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Dynamics of food availability, body condition and physiological stress response in breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes: Functional Ecology, v. 13, no. 5, p. 577-584, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00352.x.","startPage":"577","endPage":"584","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206489,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00352.x"},{"id":229984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0432e4b0c8380cd5084b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kitaysky, A.S.","contributorId":104239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitaysky","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingfield, J.C.","contributorId":22929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingfield","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021251,"text":"70021251 - 1999 - The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021251","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks","docAbstract":"The effects of climatic temperature variations (5-35??C) on chemical weathering are investigated both experimentally using flow-through columns containing fresh and weathered granitoid rocks and for natural granitoid weathering in watersheds based on annual solute discharge. Although experimental Na and Si effluent concentrations are significantly higher in the fresh relative to the weathered granitoids, the proportional increases in concentration with increasing temperature are similar. Si and Na exhibit comparable average apparent activation energies (E(a)) of 56 and 61 kJ/mol, respectively, which are similar to those reported for experimental feldspar dissolution measured over larger temperature ranges. A coupled temperature-precipitation model, using an expanded database for solute discharge fluxes from a global distribution of 86 granitoid watersheds, produces an apparent activation energy for Si (51 kJ/mol), which is also comparable to those derived from the experimental study. This correlation reinforces evidence that temperature does significantly impact natural silicate weathering rates. Effluent K concentrations in the column study are elevated with respect to other cations compared to watershed discharge due to the rapid oxidation/dissolution of biotite. K concentrations are less sensitive to temperature, resulting in a lower average E(a) value (27 kJ/mol) indicative of K loss from lower energy interlayer sites in biotite. At lower temperatures, initial cation release from biotite is significantly faster than cation release from plagioclase. This agrees with reported higher K/Na ratios in cold glacial watersheds relative to warmer temperate environments. Increased release of less radiogenic Sr from plagioclase relative to biotite at increasing temperature produces corresponding decreases in 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the column effluents. A simple mixing calculation using effluent K/Na ratios, Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for biotite and plagioclase approximates stoichiometric cation ratios from biotite/plagioclase dissolution at warmer temperatures (35??C), but progressively overestimates the relative proportion of biotite with decreasing temperature. Ca, Mg, and Sr concentrations closely correlate, exhibit no consistent trends with temperature, and are controlled by trace amounts of calcite or exchange within weathered biotite. The inability of the watershed model to differentiate a climate signal for such species correlates with the lower temperature dependence observed in the experimental studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Blum, A., Bullen, T., Vivit, D., Schulz, M., and Fitzpatrick, J., 1999, The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 19-20, p. 3277-3291, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1.","startPage":"3277","endPage":"3291","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206480,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00250-1"}],"volume":"63","issue":"19-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab54e4b08c986b322d8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schulz, M.","contributorId":28390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.","contributorId":28744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021229,"text":"70021229 - 1999 - Anthropogenic degradation of the southern California desert ecosystem and prospects for natural recovery and restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021229","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic degradation of the southern California desert ecosystem and prospects for natural recovery and restoration","docAbstract":"Large areas of the southern California desert ecosystem have been negatively affected by off-highway vehicle use, overgrazing by domestic livestock, agriculture, urbanization, construction of roads and utility corridors, air pollution, military training exercises, and other activities. Secondary contributions to degradation include the proliferation of exotic plant species and a higher frequency of an- thropogenic fire. Effects of these impacts include alteration or destruction of macro- and micro- vegetation elements, establishment of annual plant communities dominated by exotic species, destruction of soil stabilizers, soil compaction, and increased erosion. Published estimates of recovery time are based on return to predisturbance levels of biomass, cover, density, community structure, or soil characteristics. Natural recovery rates depend on the nature and severity of the impact but are generally very slow. Recovery to predisturbance plant cover and biomass may take 50-300 years, while complete ecosystem recovery may require over 3000 years. Restorative intervention can be used to enhance the success and rate of recovery, but the costs are high and the probability for long-term success is low to moderate. Given the sensitivity of desert habitats to disturbance and the slow rate of natural recovery, the best management option is to limit the extent and intensity of impacts as much as possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag New York","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","doi":"10.1007/s002679900235","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., and Bainbridge, D., 1999, Anthropogenic degradation of the southern California desert ecosystem and prospects for natural recovery and restoration: Environmental Management, v. 24, no. 3, p. 309-326, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900235.","startPage":"309","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206563,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900235"},{"id":230221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec59e4b0c8380cd491f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.E.","contributorId":102411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bainbridge, D.","contributorId":7866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bainbridge","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021228,"text":"70021228 - 1999 - Role for acetotrophic methanogens in methanogenic biodegradation of vinyl chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:57:33","indexId":"70021228","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role for acetotrophic methanogens in methanogenic biodegradation of vinyl chloride","docAbstract":"Under methanogenic conditions, stream-bed sediment microorganisms rapidly degraded [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14CH4 and 14CO2. Amendment with 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid eliminated 14CH4 production and decreased 14CO2 recovery by an equal molar amount. Results obtained with [14C]ethene, [14C]acetate, or 14CO2 as substrates indicated that acetotrophic methanogens were responsible for the production of 14CH4 during biodegradation of [1,2-14C]VC.Under methanogenic conditions, stream-bed sediment microorganisms rapidly degraded [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14CH4 and 14CO2. Amendment with 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid eliminated 14CH4 production and decreased 14CO2 recovery by an equal molar amount. Results obtained with [14C]-ethene, [14C]acetate, or 14CO2 as substrates indicated that acetotrophic methanogens were responsible for the production of 14CH4, during biodegradation of [1,2-14C]VC.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es990395q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999, Role for acetotrophic methanogens in methanogenic biodegradation of vinyl chloride: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 19, p. 3473-3476, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990395q.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3473","endPage":"3476","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae38e4b0c8380cd8704a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021227,"text":"70021227 - 1999 - Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T14:27:14.760345","indexId":"70021227","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dipping San Andreas and Hayward faults revealed beneath San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"The San Francisco Bay area is crossed by several right-lateral strike-slip faults of the San Andreas fault zone. Fault-plane reflections reveal that two of these faults, the San Andreas and Hayward, dip toward each other below seismogenic depths at 60° and 70°, respectively, and persist to the base of the crust. Previously, a horizontal detachment linking the two faults in the lower crust beneath San Francisco Bay was proposed. The only near-vertical-incidence reflection data available prior to the most recent experiment in 1997 were recorded parallel to the major fault structures. When the new reflection data recorded orthogonal to the faults are compared with the older data, the highest amplitude reflections show clear variations in moveout with recording azimuth. In addition, reflection times consistently increase with distance from the faults. If the reflectors were horizontal, reflection moveout would be independent of azimuth, and reflection times would be independent of distance from the faults. The best-fit solution from three-dimensional traveltime modeling is a pair of high-angle dipping surfaces. The close correspondence of these dipping structures with the San Andreas and Hayward faults leads us to conclude that they are the faults beneath seismogenic depths. If the faults retain their observed dips, they would converge into a single zone in the upper mantle ∼45 km beneath the surface, although we can only observe them in the crust.
Anecdotal data gathered from many populations suggest that southern flying squirrel (SFS, Glaucomys volans) use of the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker's (RCW, Picoides borealis) nest and roost cavities may negatively affect RCW populations. We conducted a controlled experiment to determine the effects of SFSs on RCW reproductive success. During the 1994 and 1995 breeding seasons, SFSs were removed from 30 RCW clusters and 32 clusters served as controls. SFSs were the most frequently encountered occupants of RCW cavities and used 20–33% of RCW cavities in control and treatment clusters over both years. Treatment groups produced significantly more successful nests (≥ 1 fledgling) than control groups in 1994. In 1995 however, there was no difference in the number of successful nests. In both years, RCW groups nesting in treatment clusters produced significantly more fledglings than groups in control clusters in each of four experimental areas, averaging approximately 0.7 additional fledglings per nesting group. Loss of entire clutches or broods, possibly as a result of predation or abandonment, was a major factor limiting reproduction in control groups in 1994. In contrast, differences in partial brood loss appeared to be the cause of differential fledging success in 1995. Usurpation of RCW roost cavities by SFSs may have placed greater energetic demands on RCWs for cavity defence or thermoregulation, thus reducing energy available for reproduction. Our results show that SFS use of RCW cavities during the breeding season has a significant impact on RCWs and that management of RCW populations should include activities that either minimize SFS populations in RCW clusters or limit access of SFSs to RCW cavities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00076.x","usgsCitation":"Laves, K.S., and Loeb, S.C., 1999, Effects of southern flying squirrels Glaucomys volans on red-cockaded woodpecker Picoides borealis reproductive success: Animal Conservation, v. 2, no. 4, p. 295-303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00076.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230178,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d4e4b0c8380cd51866","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laves, K. S.","contributorId":94456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laves","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loeb, Susan C.","contributorId":138944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loeb","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6762,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, La Grande, Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":389137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021741,"text":"70021741 - 1999 - Stasis and extinction of Silurian (Llandovery-Wenlock) trilobite associations related to oceanic cyclicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:36:49.003723","indexId":"70021741","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stasis and extinction of Silurian (Llandovery-Wenlock) trilobite associations related to oceanic cyclicity","docAbstract":"Silurian trilobites of the central United States belong to a series of temporally-successive associations which appeared abruptly, maintained taxonomic stasis for a time, and then disappeared abruptly. Their disappearance resulted from global perturbations of short-term duration and moderate magnitude, which caused substantial taxonomic replacement but no reorganization of major ecosystems. The most significant extinction and replacement in Silurian trilobite associations in the study area occurs near the Llandovery-Wenlock boundary. This turnover in trilobite associations appears to correspond to Jeppsson's Ireviken Event in his model of oceanic and climatic cyclicity. Major sea-level changes earlier in the Llandovery did not have a similar impact on trilobite associations.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Mikulic, D.G., and Kluessendorf, J., 1999, Stasis and extinction of Silurian (Llandovery-Wenlock) trilobite associations related to oceanic cyclicity: Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 320-325.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96c1e4b08c986b31b6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021225,"text":"70021225 - 1999 - Comparison of temporal trends in ambient and compliance trace element and PCB data in pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, 1985-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T10:27:48","indexId":"70021225","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of temporal trends in ambient and compliance trace element and PCB data in pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, 1985-1995","docAbstract":"The Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring has suggested studies on ambient (in-stream) and compliance (wastewater) data to determine if monitoring can be reduced locally or nationally. The similarity in temporal trends between retrospective ambient and compliance water-quality data collected from Pool 2 of the Mississippi River, USA, was determined for 1985–1995. Constituents studied included the following trace elements: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), hexavalent chromium (Cr61), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Water-column, bed-sediment, and fish-tissue (fillets) data collected by five government agencies comprised the ambient data set; effluent data from five registered facilities comprised the compliance data set. The nonparametric MannKendall trend test indicated that 33% of temporal trends in all data were statistically significant (P , 0.05). Possible reasons for this were low sample sizes, and a high percentage of samples below the analytical detection limit. Trends in compliance data were more distinct; most trace elements decreased significantly, probably due to improvements in wastewater treatment. Seven trace elements (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn) had statistically significant decreases in wastewater and portions of either or both ambient water and bed sediment. No trends were found in fish tissue. Inconsistency in trends between ambient and compliance data were often found for individual constituents, making overall similarity between the data sets difficult to determine. Logistical differences in monitoring programs, such as varying field and laboratory methods among agencies, made it difficult to assess ambient temporal trends.
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Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-455","title":"Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management","docAbstract":"A team of fire scientists and resource managers convened 17-19 April 1996 in Seattle, Washington, to assess the effects of fire disturbance on ecosystems. Objectives of this workshop were to develop scientific recommendations for future fire research and management activities. These recommendations included a series of numerically ranked scientific and managerial questions and responses focusing on (1) links among fire effects, fuels, and climate; (2) fire as a large-scale disturbance; (3) fire-effects modeling structures; and (4) managerial concerns, applications, and decision support. At the present time, understanding of fire effects and the ability to extrapolate fire effects knowledge to large spatial scales are limited, because most data have been collected at small spatial scales for specific applications. Although we clearly need more large-scale fire-effects data, it will be more expedient to concentrate efforts on improving and linking existing models that simulate fire effects in a georeferenced format while integrating empirical data as they become available. A significant component of this effort should be improved communication between modelers and managers to develop modeling tools to use in a planning context. Another component of this modeling effort should improve our ability to predict the interactions of fire and potential climatic change at very large spatial scales. The priority issues and approaches described here provide a template for fire science and fire management programs in the next decade and beyond.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Forest Service","doi":"10.2737/PNW-GTR-455","usgsCitation":"Schmoldt, D.L., Peterson, D.L., Keane, R.E., Lenihan, J.M., McKenzie, D., Weise, D.R., and Sandberg, D.V., 1999, Assessing the effects of fire disturbances on ecosystems: A scientific agenda for research and management: General Technical Report PNW-GTR-455, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-455.","productDescription":"104 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230099,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ede8e4b0c8380cd49ac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoldt, D. L.","contributorId":79077,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmoldt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David L. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":292421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keane, Robert E.","contributorId":73930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keane","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lenihan, J. 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V.","contributorId":36339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandberg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021202,"text":"70021202 - 1999 - Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of paleohydrology at Laxemar at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:40","indexId":"70021202","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of paleohydrology at Laxemar at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden","docAbstract":"Isotopic compositions of C (??13C), O (??18O) and Sr (??87Sr) were determined for calcite fracture fillings in the crystalline rock penetrated by a 1.6 km drill hole at Laxemar, near the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (AHRL) in southern Sweden. These calcites precipitated from groundwater some time in the past, and their ??13C, ??18O and ??87Sr values reflect those of the source waters. The present-day groundwater system is hydrochemically stratified with highly saline water underlying more shallow brackish and fresh water. The origin of this stratified system is probably related to past glaciations although the ultimate origin of the deep, highly saline water is still problematical. None of the calcite fracture fillings sampled below 900 m could have precipitated from any of the present-day ground waters which in view of the glacial history of the region is not surprising. However, several shallow calcite fracture fillings are formed by precipitation from the present-day groundwater. Coupled variations in ??13C, ??18O and ??87Sr isotopes at depths in excess of 900 m suggest that these isotope systems in calcite are recording a time-dependent evolution of groundwater composition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00028-1","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Wallin, B., and Peterman, Z., 1999, Calcite fracture fillings as indicators of paleohydrology at Laxemar at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, southern Sweden: Applied Geochemistry, v. 14, no. 7, p. 953-962, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00028-1.","startPage":"953","endPage":"962","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206432,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00028-1"}],"volume":"14","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f5e4b0c8380cd4b4eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallin, B.","contributorId":66016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Z.","contributorId":104229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021200,"text":"70021200 - 1999 - Molecular aggregation of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:43:37","indexId":"70021200","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular aggregation of humic substances","docAbstract":"Humic substances (HS) form molecular aggregates in solution and on mineral surfaces. Elucidation of the mechanism of formation of these aggregates is important for an understanding of the interactions of HS in soils arid natural waters. The HS are formed mainly by enzymatic depolymerization and oxidation of plant biopolymers. These reactions transform the aromatic and lipid plant components into amphiphilic molecules, that is, molecules that consist of separate hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) parts. The nonpolar parts of the molecules are composed of relatively unaltered segments of plant polymers and the polar parts of carboxylic acid groups. These amphiphiles form membrane-like aggregates on mineral surfaces and micelle-like aggregates in solution. The exterior surfaces of these aggregates are hydrophilic, and the interiors constitute separate hydrophobic liquid-like phases.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199911000-00004","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., 1999, Molecular aggregation of humic substances: Soil Science, v. 164, no. 11, p. 803-813, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199911000-00004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ceee4b0c8380cd70047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021199,"text":"70021199 - 1999 - Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:15:03","indexId":"70021199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics","docAbstract":"A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to ground water. This paper examines the relation of local soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence of nitrate, atrazine (2-chloro-4 ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-trazine), and atrazine residue [atrazine + deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) + deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-s-triazine)] from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the midwestern USA. The occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in ground water were directly related to soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in ground water suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multivariate analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19.0%), atrazine (33.4%), and atrazine residue (28.6%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to ground water, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060030x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 1999, Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1908-1915, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060030x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1908","endPage":"1915","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e90ee4b0c8380cd48082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaquis, R.J.","contributorId":26835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaquis","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, K.J.","contributorId":65245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021198,"text":"70021198 - 1999 - Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T09:21:36","indexId":"70021198","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus)","docAbstract":"Data on the nutritional status of spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus) were collected on the commercial trapping grounds of Necker Bank, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in the summers of 1991, 1994, and 1995. Glycogen levels measured in abdominal tissue of intermolt males were used as an index of nutritional health of the field population. The range of glycogen sampled from wild lobster was less than half the level measured in captive lobster fed to satiation in a previous study. An analysis of covariance identified significant interannual and spatial effects explaining 46% of the variance in the sample of wild lobsters. Most significant was a decline in lobster glycogen levels between samples collected in 1991 and 1994-1995. Seasonal influences on lobster nutrition are unknown and were identified as an obvious direction for future ecological research.
","language":"English","publisher":" University of Hawai'i Press","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Parrish, F., and Martinelli-Liedtke, T.L., 1999, Some preliminary findings on the nutritional status of the Hawaiian spiny lobster (Panulirus marginatus): Pacific Science, v. 53, no. 4, p. 361-366.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314724,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/708"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Necker Bank, Necker Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -152.4462890625,\n 17.769612247142653\n ],\n [\n -181.23046875,\n 17.769612247142653\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92d8e4b08c986b31a148","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrish, F.A.","contributorId":39151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinelli-Liedtke, T. L.","contributorId":36704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinelli-Liedtke","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021196,"text":"70021196 - 1999 - Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:35:34","indexId":"70021196","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China","docAbstract":"The Jiaodingshan Mn-Co and Dawashan Mn deposits are located in the approximately 2-m thick Daduhe unit of the Wufengian strata of Late Ordovician (Ashgill) age. Paleogeographic reconstruction places the deposits at the time of their formation in a gulf between Chengdu submarine rise and the Kangdian continent. The Jiaodingshan and Dawashan deposits occur in algal-reef facies, the former in an atoll-like structure and the latter in a pinnacle reef. Ores are mainly composed of rhodochrosite, kutnahorite, hausmannite, braunite, manganosite, and bementite. Dark red, yellowish-pink, brown, green-gray, and black ores are massive, banded, laminated, spheroidal, and cryptalgal (oncolite, stromatolite, algal filaments) boundstones. Blue, green, and red algal fossils show in situ growth positions. Samples of high-grade Jiaodingshan and Dawashan ores assay as much as 66.7% MnO. Jiaodingshan Mn carbonate ores have mean contents of Ba, Co, and Pb somewhat higher than in Dawashan ores. Cobalt is widely distributed and strongly enriched in all rock types as compared to its crustal mean content. Cobalt is correlated with Cu, Ni, and MgO in both deposits and additionally with Ba and Zn in the Dawashan deposit. The δ13C(PDB) values of Mn carbonate ores (-7.8 to -16.3‰) indicate contributions of carbon from both seawater bicarbonate and the bacterial degradation of organic matter, the latter being 33% to 68%, assuming about -24‰ for the δ13C(PDB) of the organic matter. Host limestones derived carbon predominantly from seawater bicarbonate δ1313C(PDB) of +0.2 to -7‰). NW-trending fault zones controlled development of lithofacies, whereas NE-trending fault zones provided pathways for movement of fluids. The source of Co, Ni, and Cu was mainly from weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks on the Kangdian continent, whereas contemporaneous volcanic eruptions were of secondary importance. The reefs were likely mineralized during early diagenesis under shallow burial. The reefs were highly porous and acted as the locus for metasomatic replacement by Mn that combined with CO2 produced during oxidation of organic matter in the zone of sulfate reduction and seawater bicarbonate. That metasomatic replacement formed the rhodochrosite ores.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00018-9","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Fan, D., Hein, J.R., and Ye, J., 1999, Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, no. 1-3, p. 135-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00018-9.","startPage":"135","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206409,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00018-9"},{"id":229664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f62e4b0c8380cd75a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fan, Delian","contributorId":88515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Delian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ye, Jie","contributorId":10187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}