The Northern Refuge in Lake Michigan was established in 1985 as part of a rehabilitation program to stock yearling lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in areas with the best potential for success. Stocking of hatchery-reared lake trout within the refuge began in 1986 at three reefs: Boulder Reef, Gull Island Reef, and Richards Reef. On each reef from 1991 to 1997 we conducted gill-net surveys during the fall spawning season to evaluate performance of adult lake trout, and we conducted beam trawl surveys for naturally reproduced age-0 lake trout in the spring. Criteria to evaluate performance included spawner density, growth, maturity, and mortality. We found no evidence of natural reproduction by lake trout from our surveys. Nevertheless, density of spawning lake trout on Boulder Reef (69 fish/305 m of gill net/night) and Gull Island Reef (34 fish/305 m of gill net/night) appeared to be sufficiently high to initiate a self-sustaining population. Growth and maturity rates of lake trout in the Northern Refuge were similar to those for lake trout stocked in the nearshore region of Lake Michigan. In the Northern Refuge, growth rate for the Marquette strain of lake trout was slightly higher than for the Lewis Lake strain. Annual mortality estimates from catch curve analyses ranged from 0.46 to 0.41, and therefore, these estimates approached a level that was considered to be sufficiently low to allow for a self-sustaining population. Thus, it appeared that the lack of evidence for natural reproduction by lake trout in the Northern Refuge should not be attributed to inability of the population to attain a sufficiently large stock of spawners.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0658:SOLTRI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and Desorcie, T.J., 1999, Status of lake trout rehabilitation in the Northern Refuge of Lake Michigan: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 19, no. 3, p. 658-669, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0658:SOLTRI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"658","endPage":"669","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49bee4b07f02db5d11db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":23480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021245,"text":"70021245 - 1999 - Community reorganization in the Gulf of Alaska following ocean climate regime shift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:45:35","indexId":"70021245","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Community reorganization in the Gulf of Alaska following ocean climate regime shift","docAbstract":"A shift in ocean climate during the late 1970s triggered a reorganization of community structure in the Gulf of Alaska ecosystem, as evidenced in changing catch composition on long-term (1953 to 1997) small-mesh trawl surveys. Forage species such as pandalid shrimp and capelin declined because of recruitment failure and predation, and populations have not yet recovered. Total trawl catch biomass declined >50% and remained low through the 1980s. In contrast, recruitment of high trophic-level groundfish improved during the 1980s, yielding a >250% increase in catch biomass during the 1990s. This trophic reorganization apparently had negative effects on piscivorous sea birds and marine mammals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps189117","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P., and Piatt, J.F., 1999, Community reorganization in the Gulf of Alaska following ocean climate regime shift: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 189, p. 117-123, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps189117.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","volume":"189","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f80ae4b0c8380cd4ce43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, P.J.","contributorId":83058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":389189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021741,"text":"70021741 - 1999 - Stasis and extinction of Silurian (Llandovery-Wenlock) trilobite associations related to oceanic cyclicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T21:36:49.003723","indexId":"70021741","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stasis and extinction of Silurian (Llandovery-Wenlock) trilobite associations related to oceanic cyclicity","docAbstract":"Silurian trilobites of the central United States belong to a series of temporally-successive associations which appeared abruptly, maintained taxonomic stasis for a time, and then disappeared abruptly. Their disappearance resulted from global perturbations of short-term duration and moderate magnitude, which caused substantial taxonomic replacement but no reorganization of major ecosystems. The most significant extinction and replacement in Silurian trilobite associations in the study area occurs near the Llandovery-Wenlock boundary. This turnover in trilobite associations appears to correspond to Jeppsson's Ireviken Event in his model of oceanic and climatic cyclicity. Major sea-level changes earlier in the Llandovery did not have a similar impact on trilobite associations.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Mikulic, D.G., and Kluessendorf, J., 1999, Stasis and extinction of Silurian (Llandovery-Wenlock) trilobite associations related to oceanic cyclicity: Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 320-325.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96c1e4b08c986b31b6c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikulic, Donald G.","contributorId":61159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikulic","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kluessendorf, Joanne","contributorId":41965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluessendorf","given":"Joanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021298,"text":"70021298 - 1999 - Linking the10Be continental record of Lake Baikal to marine and ice archives of the last 50 ka: Implication for the global dust-aerosol input","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T00:11:01.185225","indexId":"70021298","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking the10Be continental record of Lake Baikal to marine and ice archives of the last 50 ka: Implication for the global dust-aerosol input","docAbstract":"We present here a 10Be profile from the continental sediments of Lake Baikal (the world's largest fresh water lake), which, for the first time, shows the ≈ 40 ka 10Be enhancement and a pattern that strongly matches those from the marine and ice records for the last 50 ka. This finding provides a new horizon for global and regional correlation of continental archives. Additionally, our VADM-predicted 10Be production confirms and further strengthens a common global cause (geomagnetic field intensity) for the change in atmospheric 10Be over the last 50 ka. We also show that most of the 10Be inventory to the lake has been provided by riverine input, but with a significant addition from direct precipitation and dust-aerosol fallout. We estimate a higher dust-aerosol contribution of 10Be during the Holocene and interstadial stage 3 (22–50 ka) as compared with the glacial period (12–22 ka).
Unique bedded Ni-Mo ores hosted by black shales were discovered in localized paleobasins along the Yangzte platform of southern China in 1971. Textural evidence and radiometric dates imply ore formation during sedimentation of black shales that grade into readily combustible beds, termed stone coals, which contain 10 to 15 percent organic carbon. Studies of 427 fluid inclusions indicate extreme variation in hydrothermal brine salinities that were contained by Proterozoic dolostones underlying the ore zone in Hunan and Guizhou. Variations of fluid inclusion salinities, which range from 0.1 to 21.6 wt percent NaCl equiv, are attributed to differences in the compositions of brines in strata underlying the ore bed, complicated by the presence of sea-water and dilute fluids that represent condensates of vapors generated by boiling of mineralizing fluids or Cambrian meteoric water. The complex processes of ore deposition led to scattered homogenization temperatures ranging from 100 degrees to 187 degrees C within the Hunan ore zone and from 65 degrees to 183 degrees C within the Guizhou ore zone. While living organisms probably did not directly accumulate metals in situ in sufficient amounts to explain the unusually high grades of the deposits, sulfur isotope ratios indicate that bacteria, now preserved as abundant microfossils, provided sufficient sulfide for the ores by reduction of seawater sulfate. Such microbiota may have depended on vent fluids and transported organic matter for key nutrients and are consistent with a sedex origin for the ores. Vent fluids interacted with organic remains, including rounded fragments of microbial mats that were likely transported to the site of ore deposition by the action of waves and bottom currents prior to replacement by ore minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.94.7.1051","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Lott, D., Coveney, R., Murowchick, J., and Grauch, R., 1999, Sedimentary exhalative nickel-molybdenum ores in south China: Economic Geology, v. 94, no. 7, p. 1051-1066, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.7.1051.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1de4b08c986b317041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lott, D.A.","contributorId":70138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lott","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coveney, R.M. Jr.","contributorId":8861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coveney","given":"R.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murowchick, J.B.","contributorId":45058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murowchick","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grauch, R. I. 0000-0002-1763-0813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0813","contributorId":107698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"R. I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021156,"text":"70021156 - 1999 - Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a donnan potential model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-18T13:18:55.482581","indexId":"70021156","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a donnan potential model","docAbstract":"Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid (Armadale Bh Horizon) was evaluated over a range of calcium ion concentrations, from pH 3.8 to 7.3, using potentiometric titrations and calcium ion electrode measurements. Fulvic acid concentration was constant (100 milligrams per liter) and calcium ion concentration varied up to 8 X 10-4 moles per liter. Experiments discussed here included: (1) titrations of fulvic acid-calcium ion containing solutions with sodium hydroxide; and (2) titrations of fully neutralized fulvic acid with calcium chloride solutions. Apparent binding constants (expressed as the logarithm of the value, log βapp) vary with solution pH, calcium ion concentration, degree of acid dissociation, and ionic strength (from log βapp = 2.5 to 3.9) and are similar to those reported by others. Fulvic acid charge, and the associated Donnan Potential, influences calcium ion-fulvic acid ion pair formation. A Donnan Potential corrrection term allowed calculation of intrinsic calcium ion-fulvic acid binding constants. Intrinsic binding constants vary from 1.2 to 2.5 (the average value is about log β= 1.6) and are similar to, but somewhat higher than, stability constants for calcium ion-carboxylic acid monodentate complexes.
","language":"English","publisher":"De Gruyter Brill","doi":"10.1524/ract.1999.84.4.205","issn":"00338230","usgsCitation":"Marinsky, J., Mathuthu, A., Ephraim, J., and Reddy, M., 1999, Calcium ion binding to a soil fulvic acid using a donnan potential model: Radiochimica Acta, v. 84, no. 4, p. 205-211, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.1999.84.4.205.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"211","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2f9e4b0c8380cd4b508","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marinsky, J.A.","contributorId":42706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marinsky","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathuthu, A.","contributorId":38718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathuthu","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ephraim, J.H.","contributorId":28381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ephraim","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021204,"text":"70021204 - 1999 - Stable isotope, chemical, and mineral compositions of the Middle Proterozoic Lijiaying Mn deposit, Shaanxi Province, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:10:10","indexId":"70021204","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope, chemical, and mineral compositions of the Middle Proterozoic Lijiaying Mn deposit, Shaanxi Province, China","docAbstract":"The Lijiaying Mn deposit, located about 250 km southwest of Xian, is a high-quality ore characterized by low P and Fe contents and a mean Mn content of about 23%. The ore deposit occurs in shallow-water marine sedimentary rocks of probable Middle Proterozoic age. Carbonate minerals in the ore deposit include kutnahorite, calcite, Mn calcite, and Mg calcite. Carbon (−0.4 to −4.0‰) and oxygen (−3.7 to −12.9‰) isotopes show that, with a few exceptions, those carbonate minerals are not pristine low-temperature marine precipitates. All samples are depleted in rare earth elements (REEs) relative to shale and have negative Eu and positive Ce anomalies on chondrite-normalized plots. The Fe/Mn ratios of representative ore samples range from about 0.034 to <0.008 and P/Mn from 0.0023 to <0.001. Based on mineralogical data, the low ends of those ranges of ratios are probably close to ratios for the pure Mn minerals. Manganese contents have a strong positive correlation with Ce anomaly values and a moderate correlation with total REE contents. Compositional data indicate that kutnahorite is a metamorphic mineral and that most calcites formed as low-temperature marine carbonates that were subsequently metamorphosed. The braunite ore precursor mineral was probably a Mn oxyhydroxide, similar to those that formed on the deep ocean-floor during the Cenozoic. Because the Lijiaying precursor mineral formed in a shallow-water marine environment, the atmospheric oxygen content during the Middle Proterozoic may have been lower than it has been during the Cenozoic.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ore Geology Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00014-1","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Yeh, H., Hein, J.R., Ye, J., and Fan, D., 1999, Stable isotope, chemical, and mineral compositions of the Middle Proterozoic Lijiaying Mn deposit, Shaanxi Province, China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 15, no. 1-3, p. 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00014-1.","startPage":"55","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206444,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00014-1"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9681e4b08c986b31b556","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yeh, Hsueh-Wen","contributorId":11786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeh","given":"Hsueh-Wen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":2828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ye, Jie","contributorId":10187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ye","given":"Jie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fan, Delian","contributorId":88515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Delian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021747,"text":"70021747 - 1999 - Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021747","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare","docAbstract":"For almost 30 years, serious interest has been directed toward natural gas hydrate, a crystalline solid composed of water and methane, as a potential (i) energy resource, (ii) factor in global climate change, and (iii) sub-marine geohazard. Although each of these issues can affect human welfare, only (iii) is considered to be of immediate importance. Assessments of gas hydrate as an energy resource have often been overly optimistic, based in part on its very high methane content and on its worldwide occurrence in continental margins. Although these attributes are attractive, geologic settings, reservoir properties, and phase-equilibria considerations diminish the energy resource potential of natural gas hydrate. The possible role of gas hydrate in global climate change has been often overstated. Although methane is a 'greenhouse' gas in the atmosphere, much methane from dissociated gas hydrate may never reach the atmosphere, but rather may be converted to carbon dioxide and sequestered by the hydrosphere/biosphere before reaching the atmosphere. Thus, methane from gas hydrate may have little opportunity to affect global climate change. However, submarine geohazards (such as sediment instabilities and slope failures on local and regional scales, leading to debris flows, slumps, slides, and possible tsunamis) caused by gas-hydrate dissociation are of immediate and increasing importance as humankind moves to exploit seabed resources in ever-deepening waters of coastal oceans. The vulnerability of gas hydrate to temperature and sea level changes enhances the instability of deep-water oceanic sediments, and thus human activities and installations in this setting can be affected.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.96.7.3420","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Kvenvolden, K., 1999, Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 96, no. 7, p. 3420-3426, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3420.","startPage":"3420","endPage":"3426","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479536,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":229184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206237,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3420"}],"volume":"96","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-03-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ed4e4b0c8380cd7a799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021210,"text":"70021210 - 1999 - Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021210","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California","docAbstract":"The abundance and orientation of trawl marks was quantified over an extensive portion (>2700 km2) of the Eureka, California, outer shelf and slope, an important commercial bottom trawling ground for such high-value species as rockfish, sole, and sablefish. Fishing logbook data indicate that the entire reporting area was trawled about one and a half times on an average annual basis and that some areas were trawled over three times annually. High-resolution sidescan-sonar images of the study area revealed deep gouges on the seafloor, caused by heavy steel trawl doors that act to weigh down and spread open the bottom trawls. These trawl marks are commonly oriented parallel to bathymetric contours and many could be traced for several kilometers. Trawl marks showed a quadratic relationship in relation to water depth, with the greatest number of trawl marks observed at ~400 m. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of trawl marks observed on the sidescan images and the number of annual trawl hours logged within reporting areas. This finding indicates that acoustic remote sensing is a promising independent approach to evaluate fishing effort on a scale consistent with commercial fishing activities. Bottom trawling gear is known to modify seafloor habitats by altering benthic habitat complexity and by removing or damaging infauna and sessile organisms. Identifying the extent of trawling in these areas may help determine the effects of this type of fishing gear on the benthos and develop indices of habitat disturbance caused by fishing activities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fishery Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900656","usgsCitation":"Friedlander, A.M., Boehlert, G., Field, M., Mason, J., Gardner, J., and Dartnell, P., 1999, Sidescan-sonar mapping of benthic trawl marks on the shelf and slope off Eureka, California: Fishery Bulletin, v. 97, no. 4, p. 786-801.","startPage":"786","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f07e4b08c986b318cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedlander, A. M.","contributorId":38099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedlander","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boehlert, G.W.","contributorId":68483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehlert","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, J.E.","contributorId":49136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021743,"text":"70021743 - 1999 - A geochemical reconnaissance of the Alid volcanic center and geothermal system, Danakil depression, Eritrea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70021743","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1828,"text":"Geothermics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geochemical reconnaissance of the Alid volcanic center and geothermal system, Danakil depression, Eritrea","docAbstract":"Geological and geochemical studies indicate that a high-temperature geothermal system underlies the Alid volcanic center in the northern Danakil depression of Eritrea. Alid is a very late-Pleistocene structural dome formed by shallow intrusion of rhyolitic magma, some of which vented as lavas and pyroclastic flows. Fumaroles and boiling pools distributed widely over an area of ~10 km2 on the northern half of Alid suggest that an active hydrothermal system underlies much of that part of the mountain. Geothermometers indicate that the fumarolic gases are derived from a geothermal system with temperatures >225??C. The isotopic composition of condensed fumarolic steam is consistent with these temperatures and implies that the source water is derived primarily from either lowland meteoric waters or fossil Red Sea water, or both. Some gases vented from the system (CO2, H2S and He) are largely magmatic in origin. Permeability beneath the volcanic center may be high, given the amount of intrusion-related deformation and the active normal faulting within the Danakil depression.Geological and geochemical studies indicate that a high-temperature geothermal system underlies the Alid volcanic center in the northern Danakil depression of Eritrea. Alid is a very late-Pleistocene structural dome formed by shallow intrusion of rhyolitic magma, some of which vented as lavas and pyroclastic flows. Fumaroles and boiling pools distributed widely over an area of approx. 10 km2 on the northern half of Alid suggest that an active hydrothermal system underlies much of that part of the mountain. Geothermometers indicate that the fumarolic gases are derived from a geothermal system with temperatures >225??C. The isotopic composition of condensed fumarolic steam is consistent with these temperatures and implies that the source water is derived primarily from either lowland meteoric waters or fossil Red Sea water, or both. Some gases vented from the system (CO2, H2S and He) are largely magmatic in origin. Permeability beneath the volcanic center may be high, given the amount of intrusion-related deformation and the active normal faulting within the Danakil depression.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00002-4","issn":"03756505","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Janik, C.J., Fournier, R., Tesfai, T., Duffield, W.A., Clynne, M., Smith, J., Woldegiorgis, L., Weldemariam, K., and Kahsai, G., 1999, A geochemical reconnaissance of the Alid volcanic center and geothermal system, Danakil depression, Eritrea: Geothermics, v. 28, no. 2, p. 161-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00002-4.","startPage":"161","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206206,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00002-4"},{"id":229114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3f6e4b0c8380cd4630e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, R.O.","contributorId":73584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"R.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tesfai, T.","contributorId":51602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesfai","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":390989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Woldegiorgis, L.","contributorId":58518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woldegiorgis","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Weldemariam, K.","contributorId":7570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldemariam","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kahsai, G.","contributorId":52834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahsai","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70021163,"text":"70021163 - 1999 - Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T10:48:17","indexId":"70021163","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners","docAbstract":"We tested the hypothesis that the efficiency with which fish retain polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners from their food strongly depends on Kow and degree of chlorination of the congener. We used diet information, determinations of concentrations of individual PCB congeners in both coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and their prey, and bioenergetics modeling to estimate the efficiencies with which Lake Michigan coho salmon retain various PCB congeners from their food. The retention efficiency for the tetrachloro congeners averaged 38%, whereas retention efficiencies for higher chlorinated congeners ranged from 43 to 56%. Not including tetrachloro congeners, we found neither decreasing nor increasing trends in the efficiencies with which the coho salmon retained the PCB congeners from their food with either increasing Kow or increasing degree of chlorination of the PCB congeners. We concluded that (a) for PCB congeners with 5−8 chlorine atoms/molecule, Kow and degree of chlorination had little influence on the efficiency with which coho salmon retained the various PCB congeners in their food, and (b) the efficiency with which coho salmon retained tetrachloro PCB congeners in their food appeared to be slightly lower than that for higher chlorinated PCB congeners.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es9903882","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C., Schmidt, L., Chernyak, S., Elliott, R., Desorcie, T., Quintal, R., Begnoche, L., and Hesselberg, R., 1999, Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 21, p. 3768-3773, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9903882.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3768","endPage":"3773","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206442,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9903882"}],"volume":"33","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc15ee4b08c986b32a53f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, C.P.","contributorId":64175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"C.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, L.J.","contributorId":89858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chernyak, S.M.","contributorId":21509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernyak","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, R.F.","contributorId":82482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Desorcie, T.J.","contributorId":96442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quintal, R.T.","contributorId":93653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quintal","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Begnoche, L.J.","contributorId":103025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Begnoche","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hesselberg, R.J.","contributorId":72339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70021203,"text":"70021203 - 1999 - Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-30T11:15:51.95699","indexId":"70021203","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection","docAbstract":"We collected complete sets of tissues, fluids, and swabs (approx 30) from 37 Yellowstone National Park (YNP) female bison (Bison bison) killed as a result of management actions by the Montana Department of Livestock and YNP personnel. Our goal was to establish the relation between blood tests demonstrating an animal has antibody to Brucella and the potential of that animal to be infected during the second trimester of pregnancy, the time when most management actions are taken. Twenty-eight of the 37 bison were seropositive adults (27) or a seropositive calf (1). We cultured samples using macerated whole tissues plated onto 4 Brucella-selective media and incubated with added CO2 for 1 week. Specimens from 2 adult seropositive females were contaminated, thus eliminating them from our data. Twelve of the remaining 26 seropositive adult and calf female bison (46%) were culture positive for Brucella abortus from 1 or more tissues. Culture positive adult females had high serologic titers. All 11 adults measured <0.115 on the Particle Concentration Fluorescence Immunoassay (PCFIA), and 9 (82%) were <0.085. Complement fixation (CF) titers were >3+ at 1:40 for 10 of 11 (91%) animals. All culture positive female adults had either a PCFIA ???0.080 or a CF reaction ???4+ at 1:80. However 5 (36%) bison with high titers were culture negative for B. abortus. Our findings on the relation between Brucella serology and culture are similar to those reported from studies of chronically infected cattle herds.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802831","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Roffe, T., Rhyan, J.C., Aune, K., Philo, L., Ewalt, D., Gidlewski, T., and Hennager, S., 1999, Brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park bison: Quantitative serology and infection: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 63, no. 4, p. 1132-1137, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802831.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1132","endPage":"1137","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f291e4b0c8380cd4b25a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roffe, T.J.","contributorId":22279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roffe","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rhyan, Jack C.","contributorId":11185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhyan","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aune, K.","contributorId":64419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aune","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Philo, L.M.","contributorId":95642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philo","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ewalt, D.R.","contributorId":23297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewalt","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gidlewski, T.","contributorId":53550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidlewski","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hennager, S.G.","contributorId":38309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hennager","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70021350,"text":"70021350 - 1999 - A thermal and chemical degradation approach to decipher pristane and phytane precursors in sedimentary organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021350","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A thermal and chemical degradation approach to decipher pristane and phytane precursors in sedimentary organic matter","docAbstract":"A thermal and chemical degradation approach was followed to determine the precursors of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) in samples from the Gessoso-solfifera, Ghareb and Green River Formations. Hydrous pyrolysis of these samples yields large amounts of Pr and Ph carbon skeletons, indicating that their precursors are predominantly sequestered in high-molecular-weight fractions. However, chemical degradation of the polar fraction and the kerogen of the unheated samples generally does not release large amounts of Pr and Ph. Additional information on the precursors of Pr and Ph is obtained from flash pyrolysis analyses of kerogens and residues after hydrous pyrolysis and after chemical degradation. Multiple precursors for Pr and Ph are recognised in these three samples. The main increase of the Pr/Ph ratio with increasing maturation temperature, which is associated with strongly increasing amounts of Pr and Ph, is probably due to the higher amount of precursors of Pr compared to Ph, and not to the different timing of generation of Pr and Ph.A thermal and chemical degradation approach was followed to determine the precursors of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) in samples from the Gessoso-solfifera, Ghareb and Green River Formations. Hydrous pyrolysis of these samples yields large amounts of Pr and Ph carbon skeletons, indicating that their precursors are predominantly sequestered in high-molecular-weight fractions. However, chemical degradation of the polar fraction and the kerogen of the unheated samples generally does not release large amounts of Pr and Ph. Additional information on the precursors of Pr and Ph is obtained from flash pyrolysis analyses of kerogens and residues after hydrous pyrolysis and after chemical degradation. Multiple precursors for Pr and Ph are recognised in these three samples. The main increase of the Pr/Ph ratio with increasing maturation temperature, which is associated with strongly increasing amounts of Pr and Ph, is probably due to the higher amount of precursors of Pr compared to Ph, and not to the different timing of generation of Pr and Ph.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00088-1","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Koopmans, M., Rijpstra, W., Klapwijk, M., De Leeuw, J.W., Lewan, M.D., and Sinninghe, D.J., 1999, A thermal and chemical degradation approach to decipher pristane and phytane precursors in sedimentary organic matter: Organic Geochemistry, v. 30, no. 9, p. 1089-1104, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00088-1.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1104","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206434,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00088-1"}],"volume":"30","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5fbe4b0c8380cd47097","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koopmans, M.P.","contributorId":38298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koopmans","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rijpstra, W.I.C.","contributorId":80026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rijpstra","given":"W.I.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klapwijk, M.M.","contributorId":32321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klapwijk","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Leeuw, J. W.","contributorId":64406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Leeuw","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sinninghe, Damste J.S.","contributorId":35484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinninghe","given":"Damste","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70021749,"text":"70021749 - 1999 - A comparison of sampling techniques to estimate number of wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021749","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of sampling techniques to estimate number of wetlands","docAbstract":"Service use annual estimates of the number of ponded wetlands to estimate duck production and establish duck hunting regulations. Sampling techniques that minimize bias may provide more reliable estimates of annual duck production. Using a wetland geographic information system (GIS), we estimated number of wetlands using standard counting protocol with belt transects and samples of square plots. Estimates were compared to the known number of wetlands in the GIS to determine bias. Bias in transect-derived estimates ranged from +67-87% of the known number of wetlands, compared to bias of +3-6% in estimates from samples of 10.24-km2 plots. We recommend using samples of 10.24-km2 plots stratified by wetland density to decrease bias.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00917648","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R., Higgins, K., Naugle, D., and Jenks, J., 1999, A comparison of sampling techniques to estimate number of wetlands: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 27, no. 1, p. 103-108.","startPage":"103","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229222,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e371e4b0c8380cd46015","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R.R.","contributorId":50307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naugle, D.E.","contributorId":85289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naugle","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenks, J.A.","contributorId":31726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenks","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021157,"text":"70021157 - 1999 - Subcutaneous implantation of satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae into male polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T15:58:04","indexId":"70021157","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subcutaneous implantation of satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae into male polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","docAbstract":"Male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have not been successfully instrumented with satellite transmitters because they readily shed collar-mounted transmitters. Seven male polar bears were captured on the pack ice off the northern coast of Alaska and surgically implanted with satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae into the subcutaneous space of the dorsal cervical region. Transmitters failed prematurely with lifetimes of 30-161 days (x̄ = 97 days). Efforts to relocate implanted bears after transmitters failed were not successful. The mean number of location solutions per transmitter was 204 (range 118-369). An average of 10% and 19% of the locations were accurate to <150 m and to 150-350 m, respectively. Our successful tracking of male polar bears, the high quality of locations obtained from transmitters with percutaneous antennae implanted in the subcutaneous space, and the low visibility of such units make further technical development worthwhile if the reason for premature failure of the transmitters can be determined.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians, and the American College of Zoological Medicine","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D.M., and Garner, G.W., 1999, Subcutaneous implantation of satellite transmitters with percutaneous antennae into male polar bears (Ursus maritimus): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 30, no. 4, p. 510-515.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"510","endPage":"515","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 70\n ],\n [\n -152,\n 73\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 73\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 70\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d0ae4b08c986b31d5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021294,"text":"70021294 - 1999 - Acute toxicity of an acid mine drainage mixing zone to juvenile bluegill and largemouth bass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:46:13","indexId":"70021294","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of an acid mine drainage mixing zone to juvenile bluegill and largemouth bass","docAbstract":"The toxicity of an acid mixing zone produced at the confluence of a stream that was contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD) and a pH-neutral stream was investigated in toxicity tests with juvenile bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Fish mortalities in instream cages located in the mixing zone, below the mixing zone, and upstream in both tributaries were compared to determine relative toxicity at each site. In all tests and for both species, significantly higher mortality was observed in the mixing zone than at any other location, including the acid stream, which had lower pH (2.9-4.3). The mixing zone was defined chemically by rapid precipitation of dissolved aluminum and iron, which arrived from the low-pH stream, and by the presence of white precipitates, which were attached to the substratum and which extended below the confluence. Possible seasonal changes in mixing zone toxicity were investigated by conducting field tests with bluegill in June, July, and August 1996 and in January 1997 and by conducting field tests with largemouth bass in April and May 1997. Toxicity was not significantly different at the extremes of temperature, pH, and metal concentration that occurred in June and July, as compared with January. Toxicity was significantly lower in August; however, elevated stream discharge during the August test may have disturbed mixing zone characteristics. High toxicity in AMD mixing zones may lower the survival of fishes in streams, reduce available habitat, and impede movements of migratory fish.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0919:ATOAAM>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Henry, T., Irwin, E., Grizzle, J., Wildhaber, M., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1999, Acute toxicity of an acid mine drainage mixing zone to juvenile bluegill and largemouth bass: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 128, no. 5, p. 919-928, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1999)128<0919:ATOAAM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6dae4b0c8380cd47690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henry, T.B.","contributorId":16183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, E.R.","contributorId":90269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grizzle, J.M.","contributorId":57016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grizzle","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wildhaber, M. L. 0000-0002-6538-9083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":62961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":389379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000926,"text":"1000926 - 1999 - Diatom (Bacillariophyta) community response to water quality and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T17:01:37.261091","indexId":"1000926","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatom (Bacillariophyta) community response to water quality and land use","docAbstract":"Aquatic algal communities are sensitive to environmental stresses and are used as indicators of water quality. Diatoms were collected from three streams that drain the Great Marsh at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Diatom communities, water chemistry, and land use were measured at each site to test the hypothesis that differences in land use indirectly affect diatom communities, through changes in water quality. Relationships among these variables were examined by correlation, cluster, and detrended correspondence analysis. Several water chemistry variables were correlated to several land-use categories. Diatom species diversity was most variable in disturbed areas with poorer water quality and was correlated with land use and total alkalinity, total hardness, and specific conductance. Sites within each stream were grouped in terms of their diatom assemblage by both cluster and detrended correspondence analysis with but two exceptions in Dunes Creek. Diatom communities in the three streams responded to land use through its effects on water quality. The results of this study demonstrate the use of diatom assemblages as indicators of water quality, which can be linked to land use in a watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Stewart, P.M., Butcher, J.T., and Gerovac, P.J., 1999, Diatom (Bacillariophyta) community response to water quality and land use: Natural Areas Journal, v. 19, no. 2, p. 155-165.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403930,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911824"},{"id":133565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.290189955885644\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 41.290189955885644\n ],\n [\n -86.77001953125,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.76926321969369\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 41.290189955885644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65dad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Paul M.","contributorId":63336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butcher, Jason T.","contributorId":98662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butcher","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerovac, Paul J.","contributorId":19920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerovac","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021372,"text":"70021372 - 1999 - The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T18:04:21.410611","indexId":"70021372","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","title":"The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.)","docAbstract":"Burning has been employed as an oil spill remediation technique in coastal marshes, even though the combined and interactive effects of oil and burning on vegetation are poorly understood. Variation among clones of perennial marsh grasses in response to these perturbations is not known. We performed a greenhouse experiment designed to assess the effects of Venezuelan crude oil alone and of oil followed by burning on three clonal genets ofSpartina alterniflora. The fully-crossed 6-mo experiment involved five dosages of oil (0 l m−2, 4 l m−2, 8 l m−2, 16 l m−2, and 24 l m−2) and two burn treatments (burned or unburned) applied to ramets from three clones. All oil-only dosages reduced survival, but burning after oiling (oil + burn treatments) increased survival relative to oil-only groups in all except the highest two oil dosages. Higher oil-only treatments also reduced ramet densities and inhibited density increases over 6 mo. Burning after treatment with the 16 l m−2 oil concentration allowed increased production of new ramets, but burning exacerbated the negative impacts on ramet density at the oil concentration of 24 l m−2. At some intermediate oil dosages, burning remediated the negative effects of oil on aboveground biomass production and growth in height. There was a significant effect of oil-only treatments on numbers of flowering ramets produced, in which two clones responded with decreased flower production and one exhibited increased flowering. There was no main effect of oil + burn on flowering. There were significant among-clones differences in all response variables to one or both treatments. Our experiment demonstrates that burning of oiledS. alterniflora marshes may have little measurable effect at low levels of Venezuelan crude oil, can remediate the effects of oil at intermediate oil concentrations, but can increase the negative impacts at high concentrations of oil. These results indicate that oil spills have the potential to adversely affect genetic diversity inS. alterniflora populations by eliminating some sensitive clonal variants or changing the relative dominance of genets. These results suggest certain clones may be better suited for phytoremediation or restoration planting following oil spills.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353049","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., and Proffitt, C., 1999, The effects of crude oil and remediation burning on three clones of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora loisel.): Estuaries, v. 22, no. 3A, p. 616-623, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353049.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"616","endPage":"623","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230109,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Calcasieu Lake Estuary, Cameron Prairie National Wildlife Refuge, Sabine Prairie National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.14669430393288,\n 29.839730356757784\n ],\n [\n -93.14738191985353,\n 29.945842389472347\n ],\n [\n -93.17282370893095,\n 29.990518665022392\n ],\n [\n -93.25258715576919,\n 30.04112748252976\n ],\n [\n -93.25533761945319,\n 30.057792966056326\n ],\n [\n -93.2821546403726,\n 30.112531230766237\n ],\n [\n -93.28215464037325,\n 30.16486120685866\n ],\n [\n -93.30140788616198,\n 30.196364730342964\n ],\n [\n -93.3619180872115,\n 30.154754169653046\n ],\n [\n -93.3722323260262,\n 30.119668770352064\n ],\n [\n -93.43205491115503,\n 30.120858310138573\n ],\n [\n -93.70007399001112,\n 30.11253123076567\n ],\n [\n -93.7158891561945,\n 30.107772584527027\n ],\n [\n -93.73858048158789,\n 30.086950812789112\n ],\n [\n -93.7186396198785,\n 30.06731484029423\n ],\n [\n -93.72276531540452,\n 30.05481719253119\n ],\n [\n -93.74133094527191,\n 30.039936983549808\n ],\n [\n -93.7461442567186,\n 30.024459195213993\n ],\n [\n -93.77158604579667,\n 30.008383549379715\n ],\n [\n -93.77708697316467,\n 29.998260509752996\n ],\n [\n -93.78877644382206,\n 29.989923113494243\n ],\n [\n -93.77914982092736,\n 29.981585017010957\n ],\n [\n -93.7626470388233,\n 29.970267909134108\n ],\n [\n -93.7585213432973,\n 29.951204603006474\n ],\n [\n -93.76539750250733,\n 29.93809645950634\n ],\n [\n -93.76677273434932,\n 29.92379469661573\n ],\n [\n -93.77158604579667,\n 29.910086912106905\n ],\n [\n -93.77296132007305,\n 29.898717473544664\n ],\n [\n -93.77158608823105,\n 29.886794766826057\n ],\n [\n -93.77983747928306,\n 29.879044242719175\n ],\n [\n -93.78946410217775,\n 29.852210854274816\n ],\n [\n -93.80802973204514,\n 29.83118596294986\n ],\n [\n -93.80321642059779,\n 29.807919628357652\n ],\n [\n -93.75714615388966,\n 29.77450209085154\n ],\n [\n -93.63475051994932,\n 29.806726337037006\n ],\n [\n -93.48347501732553,\n 29.80314637765308\n ],\n [\n -93.46765985114216,\n 29.810306168285933\n ],\n [\n -93.45459514864278,\n 29.819851758441047\n ],\n [\n -93.44496852574875,\n 29.820448327565643\n ],\n [\n -93.42915335956538,\n 29.810306168285933\n ],\n [\n -93.3693307744372,\n 29.81507907728067\n ],\n [\n -93.33082428286042,\n 29.819255185756745\n ],\n [\n -93.32463573957106,\n 29.834168434694234\n ],\n [\n -93.32607500373295,\n 29.819255185755424\n ],\n [\n -93.14660724834775,\n 29.819851758439697\n ],\n [\n -93.14669430393288,\n 29.839730356757784\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab73e4b08c986b322e54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D.L.","contributorId":41833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Proffitt, C.E. 0000-0002-0845-8441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-8441","contributorId":47339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021378,"text":"70021378 - 1999 - Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:50","indexId":"70021378","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Data from ice 3590 meters below Vostok Station indicate that the ice was accredit from liquid water associated with Lake Vostok. Microbes were observed at concentrations ranging from 2.8 x 103 to 3.6 x 104 cells per milliliter; no biological incorporation of selected organic substrates or bicarbonate was detected. Bacterial 165 ribosomal DNA genes revealed low diversity in the gene population. The phylotypes were closely related to extant members of the alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria and the Actinomycetes. Extrapolation of the data from accretion ice to Lake Vostok implies that Lake Vostok may support a microbial population, despite more than 106 years of isolation from the atmosphere.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.286.5447.2141","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Priscu, J., Adams, E., Lyons, W., Voytek, M., Mogk, D., Brown, R., McKay, C., Takacs, C., Welch, K., Wolf, C., Kirshtein, J., and Avci, R., 1999, Geomicrobiology of subglacial ice above Lake Vostok, Antarctica: Science, v. 286, no. 5447, p. 2141-2144, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5447.2141.","startPage":"2141","endPage":"2144","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206553,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5447.2141"}],"volume":"286","issue":"5447","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2774e4b0c8380cd598e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Priscu, J.C.","contributorId":66396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priscu","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, E.E.","contributorId":98903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voytek, M.A.","contributorId":44272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McKay, C.P.","contributorId":41122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Takacs, C.D.","contributorId":52740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takacs","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Welch, K.A.","contributorId":44315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wolf, C.F.","contributorId":86918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Kirshtein, J. D.","contributorId":33479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Avci, R.","contributorId":74900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avci","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70021247,"text":"70021247 - 1999 - Estimation of nitrate contamination of an agro-ecosystem outwash aquifer using a nitrogen mass-balance budget","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T00:56:36.790895","indexId":"70021247","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of nitrate contamination of an agro-ecosystem outwash aquifer using a nitrogen mass-balance budget","docAbstract":"A mass-balance budget of N cycling was developed for an intensive agricultural area in west-central Minnesota to better understand NO3/- contamination of ground water in the Otter Tail outwash aquifer. Fertilizer, biological fixation, atmospheric deposition, and animal feed were the N sources, and crop harvests, animal product exports, volatilization from fertilizer and manure, and denitrification were the N sinks in the model. Excess N, calculated as the difference between the sources and sinks, was assumed to leach to ground water as NO3/-. The budget was developed using ground water data collected throughout the 212-km2 study area. Denitrification was estimated by adjusting its value so the predicted and measured concentrations of NO3/- in ground water agreed. Although biological fixation was the largest single N source, most was removed when crops were harvested, indicating that inorganic fertilizer was the primary source of N reaching the water table. It was estimated that denitrification removed almost half of the excess NO3/- that leached below the root zone. Even after accounting for denitrification losses, however, it was concluded that the ground water system was receiving approximately three times as much N as would be expected under background conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060043x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Puckett, L., Cowdery, T., Lorenz, D., and Stoner, J., 1999, Estimation of nitrate contamination of an agro-ecosystem outwash aquifer using a nitrogen mass-balance budget: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 6, p. 2015-2025, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060043x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2015","endPage":"2025","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479450,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.567.6377","text":"External Repository"},{"id":229861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b9be4b0c8380cd527c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puckett, L.J.","contributorId":27503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowdery, T.K.","contributorId":92658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021209,"text":"70021209 - 1999 - Surface water-ground water interaction: Herbicide transport into municipal collector wells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:11:42.263672","indexId":"70021209","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface water-ground water interaction: Herbicide transport into municipal collector wells","docAbstract":"During spring runoff events, herbicides in the Platte River are transported through an alluvial aquifer into collector wells located on an island in the river in 6 to 7 d. During two spring runoff events in 1995 and 1996, atrazine [2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine] concentrations in water from these wells reached approximately 7 µg/L, 70 times more than the background concentration in ground water. Concentrations of herbicides and metabolites in the collector wells generally were one-half to one-fifth the concentrations of herbicides in the river for atrazine, alachlor [2-chloro-2′-6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide], alachlor ethane-sulfonic acid (ESA) [2-((2,6-diethylphenyl) (methoxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethane-sulfonic acid], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], cyanazine [2-((4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5 triazin-2-yl)-amino)-2-methylpropionitrile], and acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6methyl-phenyl) acetamide], suggesting that 20 to 50% river water could be present in the water from the collector wells, assuming no degradation. The effect of the river on the quality of water from the collector wells can be reduced through selective management of horizontal laterals of the collector wells. The quality of the water from the collector wells is dependent on the (i) selection of the collector well used, (ii) number and selection of laterals used, (iii) chemical characteristics of the contaminant, and (iv) relative mixing of the Platte River and a major upstream tributary.