{"pageNumber":"342","pageRowStart":"8525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":25553,"text":"wri20004162 - 2001 - Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri20004162","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4162","title":"Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"The upper Deschutes Basin is among the fastest growing regions in Oregon. The rapid population growth has been accompanied by increased demand for water. Surface streams, however, have been administratively closed to additional appropriation for many years, and surface water is not generally available to support new development. Consequently, ground water is being relied upon to satisfy the growth in water demand. Oregon water law requires that the potential effects of ground-water development on streamflow be evaluated when considering applications for new ground-water rights. Prior to this study, hydrologic understanding has been insufficient to quantitatively evaluate the connection between ground water and streamflow, and the behavior of the regional ground-water flow system in general. This report describes the results of a hydrologic investigation undertaken to provide that understanding. The investigation encompasses about 4,500 square miles of the upper Deschutes River drainage basin.A large proportion of the precipitation in the upper Deschutes Basin falls in the Cascade Range, making it the principal ground-water recharge area for the basin. Water-balance calculations indicate that the average annual rate of ground- water recharge from precipitation is about 3,500 ft3/s (cubic feet per second). Water-budget calculations indicate that in addition to recharge from precipitation, water enters the ground-water system through interbasin flow. Approximately 800 ft3/s flows into the Metolius River drainage from the west and about 50 ft3/s flows into the southeastern part of the study area from the Fort Rock Basin. East of the Cascade Range, there is little or no ground-water recharge from precipitation, but leaking irrigation canals are a significant source of artificial recharge north of Bend. The average annual rate of canal leakage during 1994 was estimated to be about 490 ft3/s. Ground water flows from the Cascade Range through permeable volcanic rocks eastward out into the basin and then generally northward. About one-half the ground water flowing from the Cascade Range discharges to spring-fed streams along the margins of the range, including the upper Metolius River and its tributaries. The remaining ground water flows through the subsurface, primarily through rocks of the Deschutes Formation, and eventually discharges to streams near the confluence of the Deschutes, Crooked, and Metolius Rivers. Substantial ground-water discharge occurs along the lower 2 miles of Squaw Creek, the Deschutes River between Lower Bridge and Pelton Dam, the lower Crooked River between Osborne Canyon and the mouth, and in Lake Billy Chinook (a reservoir that inundates the confluence of the Deschutes, Crooked, and Metolius Rivers).The large amount of ground-water discharge in the confluence area is primarily caused by geologic factors. North (downstream) of the confluence area, the upper Deschutes Basin is transected by a broad region of low-permeability rock of the John Day Formation. The Deschutes River flows north across the low-permeability region, but the permeable Deschutes Formation, through which most of the regional ground water flows, ends against this rampart of low-permeability rock. The northward-flowing ground water discharges to the streams in this area because the permeable strata through which it flows terminate, forcing the water to discharge to the surface. Virtually all of the regional ground water in the upper Deschutes Basin discharges to surface streams south of the area where the Deschutes River enters this low-permeability terrane, at roughly the location of Pelton Dam.The effects of ground-water withdrawal on streamflow cannot presently be measured because of measurement error and the large amount of natural variability in ground-water discharge. The summer streamflow near Madras, which is made up largely of ground-water discharge, is approximately 4,000 ft3/s. Estimated consumptive ground-water use in the basin i","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department; cities of Bend, Redmond, and Sisters; Deschutes and Jefferson Counties; The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., Morgan, D.S., and Collins, C., 2001, Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4162, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004162.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12120,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri004162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,43 ], [ -122.5,45 ], [ -120.5,45 ], [ -120.5,43 ], [ -122.5,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lite, Kenneth E. Jr.","contributorId":37373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lite","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, David S.","contributorId":73181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collins, Charles A.","contributorId":79510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"Charles A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":30696,"text":"fs15700 - 2001 - Developing landscape-indicator models for pesticides and nutrients in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"fs15700","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"157-00","title":"Developing landscape-indicator models for pesticides and nutrients in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Collaborative research between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Landscape Ecology Branch, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began in 1999 to relate land use, geology, and other geographic variables to water quality and aquatic ecology in small streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. Results of the study will include landscape-indicator models (see inset) for stream ecological condition and for concentrations of pesticides and nutrients in ground water discharging to small streams. A base network of 174 small (typically first-order) streams was designed across a gradient of hydrogeologic and land-use settings. Additional sites were selected to represent natural watershed conditions and to relate results from the base network to downstream conditions and seasonal hydrologic variability. Benthic-community and habitat assessments were conducted at each stream; water samples from all streams were analyzed for selected pesticides, pesticide metabolites, nutrients, and major ions.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs15700","usgsCitation":"Ator, S., Denver, J.M., and Pitchford, A., 2001, Developing landscape-indicator models for pesticides and nutrients in streams of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 157-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs15700.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3071,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://md.water.usgs.gov/publications/fs-157-00/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0157/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/0157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ator, S.W. 0000-0002-9186-4837","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-4837","contributorId":104100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ator","given":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitchford, A.M.","contributorId":75593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitchford","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30721,"text":"fs03101 - 2001 - The tides and inflows in the mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) interdisciplinary project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T14:59:23.539565","indexId":"fs03101","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"031-01","displayTitle":"The tides and Inflows in the Mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) Interdisciplinary Project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program","title":"The tides and inflows in the mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) interdisciplinary project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program","docAbstract":"The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a prominent role in the Federal Government's comprehensive restoration plan for the south Florida ecosystem encompassing the Everglades-the largest remaining subtropical wilderness in the continental United States. USGS scientists, in collaboration with researchers from the National Park Service (NPS), other governmental agencies, and academia, are providing scientific information to land and resource managers for planning, executing, and evaluating restoration actions. One major thrust of the restoration effort is to restore the natural functioning of the ecosystem to predrainage conditions, an objective that requires knowledge of the hydrologic and hydraulic factors that affect the flow of water. A vast network of interlaced canals, rimmed with levees and fitted with hydraulic control structures, and highways, built on elevated embankments lined by borrow ditches and undercut by culverts, now act to control and direct the flow of water through the shallow low-gradient wetlands. As water flows south from Lake Okeechobee past the city of Miami and through Everglades National Park (ENP), it is diminished by canal diversions, augmented by seasonably variable precipitation, and depleted through evapotranspiration. Along its path, the shallow flowing water, referred to as sheet flow, interacts with surficial aquifers and is subject to the resistance effects of variably dense vegetation and forcing effects of winds. New scientific investigations are providing additional insight into the hydrologic and hydraulic processes governing the flow, and recent data-collection efforts are supplying more comprehensive data describing the flow behavior, both of which are benefiting development of improved numerical models to evaluate and restore the natural functioning of the ecosystem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs03101","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R., 2001, The tides and inflows in the mangroves of the Everglades (TIME) interdisciplinary project of the South Florida Ecosystem Program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 031-01, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03101.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_031_01.jpg"},{"id":388842,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-031-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":362286,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-031-01/pdf/fs-031-01.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2001-031"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8206787109375,\n              25.045792240303445\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              25.045792240303445\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.2880859375,\n              26.504988828743404\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8206787109375,\n              26.504988828743404\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8206787109375,\n              25.045792240303445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Project Objectives</li><li>Project Overview</li><li>Summary</li><li>Collaborating Projects</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634a5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, R.W.","contributorId":61468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30861,"text":"wri004070 - 2001 - Use of borehole and surface geophysics to investigate ground-water quality near a road-deicing salt-storage facility, Valparaiso, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-15T09:01:17","indexId":"wri004070","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000–4070","displayTitle":"Use of borehole and surface geophysics to investigate ground-water quality near a road-deicing salt-storage facility, Valparaiso, Indiana","title":"Use of borehole and surface geophysics to investigate ground-water quality near a road-deicing salt-storage facility, Valparaiso, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Borehole and surface geophysics were used to investigate ground-water quality affected by a road-deicing salt-storage facility located near a public water-supply well field. From 1994 through 1998, borehole geophysical logs were made in an existing network of monitoring wells completed near the bottom of a thick sand aquifer. Logs of natural gamma activity indicated a uniform and negligible contribution of clay to the electromagnetic conductivity of the aquifer so that the logs of electromagnetic conductivity primarily measured the amount of dissolved solids in the ground water near the wells. Electromagnetic-conductivity data indicated the presence of a saltwater plume near the bottom of the aquifer. Increases in electromagnetic conductivity, observed from sequential logging of wells, indicated the saltwater plume had moved north about 60 to 100 feet per year between 1994 and 1998. These rates were consistent with estimates of horizontal ground-water flow based on velocity calculations made with hydrologic data from the study area.</p><p>Ratios of chloride to bromide concentrations in water samples were used to distinguish sources of chloride in the ground water?whether from road-deicing salt, domestic wastewater, or natural occurrences. Water samples identified with the chloride/bromide ratios as being affected by road-deicing salt had concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sodium many times the background levels for the study area. The largest concentrations were in water from wells near the salt-storage facility?12,400 to 12,800 milligrams per liter (mg/L) dissolved solids, 6,730 to 7,230 mg/L chloride, and 3,690 to 4,400 mg/L sodium.</p><p>A conceptual, multi-layer model was developed to describe the vertical extent of the saltwater plume in the vicinity of the monitoring wells. A relation was derived between average borehole electromagnetic conductivity in the screened interval of the wells in the saltwater plume and concentrations of dissolved solids in water samples from those wells. This relation was used in the model to show borehole electromagnetic conductivity in transects of wells as a zone of saline water overlain by zones of brackish water and freshwater. The thickness and altitude of the zones of saline and brackish water decreased with increased distance from the salt-storage facility.</p><p>Two surface surveys of terrain electromagnetic conductivity were used to map the horizontal extent of the saltwater plume in areas without monitoring wells. Background values of terrain conductivity were measured in an area where water-quality and borehole geophysical data did not indicate saline or brackish water. Based on a guideline from previous case studies, the boundaries of the saltwater plume were mapped where terrain conductivity was 1.5 times background. The extent of the saltwater plume, based on terrain conductivity, generally was consistent with the available water-quality and borehole electromagnetic-conductivity data and with directions of ground-water flow determined from water-level altitudes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri004070","usgsCitation":"Risch, M., and Robinson, B., 2001, Use of borehole and surface geophysics to investigate ground-water quality near a road-deicing salt-storage facility, Valparaiso, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000–4070, Report: vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004070.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"71","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2737,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4070/wri20004070.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.04 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2000-4070"},{"id":160294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4070/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Porter County","city":"Valparaiso","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.9369,39.9272],[-85.9379,39.87],[-85.9541,39.8696],[-85.9518,39.6969],[-85.9523,39.638],[-86.248,39.6335],[-86.3268,39.6318],[-86.3281,39.8526],[-86.328,39.8662],[-86.325,39.8662],[-86.3267,39.9238],[-86.2967,39.9246],[-86.2757,39.925],[-86.2385,39.9259],[-85.9801,39.9269],[-85.9411,39.9272],[-85.9369,39.9272]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/\">Director, Indiana Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>5957 Lakeside Blvd.<br>Indianapolis, IN 46278</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Physical and Hydrogeologic Setting</li><li>Methods of Investigation</li><li>Ground-Water Quality</li><li>Geophysical Investigations</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risch, M.R.","contributorId":55032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, B.A.","contributorId":63035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70243310,"text":"70243310 - 2001 - Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T15:19:45.282607","indexId":"70243310","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-25T10:10:08","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98","docAbstract":"<p>Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>) and other nutrients discharged by the Mississippi River are suspected of causing a zone of depleted dissolved oxygen (hypoxic zone) in the Gulf of Mexico each summer. The hypoxic zone may have an adverse affect on aquatic life and commercial fisheries. The amount of NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>delivered by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico is well documented, but the relative contributions of different sources of NO<sub>3</sub>, and the magnitude of subsequent in-stream transformations of NO<sub>3</sub>, are not well understood. Forty-two water samples collected in 1997 and 1998 at eight stations located either on the Mississippi River or its major tributaries were analysed for NO<sub>3</sub>, total nitrogen (N), atrazine, chloride concentrations and NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>stable isotopes (δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O). These data are used to assess the magnitude and nature of in-stream N transformation and to determine if the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O of NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>provide information about NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>sources and transformation processes in a large river system (drainage area 2 900 000 km<sup>2</sup>) that would otherwise be unavailable using concentration and discharge data alone.</p><p>Results from 42 samples indicate that the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>18</sup>O ratios between sites on the Mississippi River and its tributaries are somewhat distinctive, and vary with season and discharge rate. Of particular interest are two nearly Lagrangian sample sets, in which samples from the Mississippi River at St Francisville, LA, are compared with samples collected from the Ohio River at Grand Chain, II, and the Mississippi River at Thebes, IL. In both Lagrangian sets, mass-balance calculations indicate only a small amount of in-stream N loss. The stable isotope data from the samples suggest that in-stream N assimilation and not denitrification accounts for most of the N loss in the lower Mississippi River during the spring and early summer months.<span>&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.214","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001, Chemical and isotopic evidence of nitrogen transformation in the Mississippi River, 1997-98: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1285-1300, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.214.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1285","endPage":"1300","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416812,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":12,"text":"Errata"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5014","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.14527801629774,\n              42.10683635344469\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.62957895335668,\n              42.10683635344469\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.62957895335668,\n              27.13796183023227\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.14527801629774,\n              27.13796183023227\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.14527801629774,\n              42.10683635344469\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Steven R. srsilva@usgs.gov","contributorId":3162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"Steven","email":"srsilva@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":871975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":30796,"text":"wsp2495 - 2001 - Validation of a numerical modeling method for simulating rainfall-runoff relations for headwater basins in western King and Snohomish Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:05","indexId":"wsp2495","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2495","title":"Validation of a numerical modeling method for simulating rainfall-runoff relations for headwater basins in western King and Snohomish Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"The validity of a previously determined numerical modeling method was assessed. Numerical models for 11 drainage basins were constructed with the Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) with parameter values that were generalized for the physiographic region. Large and recurrent simulation errors were initially identified, but three systematic modifications of the models corrected those errors for 10 out of the 11 basins. The validity of the numerical modeling method for simulating rainfall-runoff relations in the study area, as modified during this investigation, was not rejected, but observed streamflow data were needed to apply the method.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wsp2495","usgsCitation":"Dinicola, R., 2001, Validation of a numerical modeling method for simulating rainfall-runoff relations for headwater basins in western King and Snohomish Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2495, 162 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2495.","productDescription":"162 p.","numberOfPages":"162","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160266,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2495/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59508,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2495/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602d39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70164488,"text":"70164488 - 2001 - Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:57:40","indexId":"70164488","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to groundwater. This paper examines the relation of soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence nitrate, atrazine, and atrazine residue from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the Midwestern United States. Soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement were directly related to the occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in groundwater. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in groundwater suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multi-variable analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19%), atrazine (33%), and atrazine residue (29%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to groundwater, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in groundwater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IWA","doi":"10.2166/wst.2001.0298","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M., Kolpin, D., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 2001, Soil characteristics and agrichemicals in groundwater of the Midwestern United States: Water Science and Technology, v. 43, no. 5, p. 251-260, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0298.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316663,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca90e4b08d617f63a86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M.","contributorId":88902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaquis, R.J.","contributorId":26835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaquis","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, K.","contributorId":52521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":38273,"text":"pp1636 - 2001 - Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T20:31:55.742573","indexId":"pp1636","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1636","title":"Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"<p>Numerical-simulation and optimization techniques were used to evaluate alternatives for the conjunctive management of ground- and surface-water resources of the Hunt­-Annaquatucket­-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system in central Rhode Island. Ground-water withdrawals from the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt aquifer exceeded 8 million gallons per day during months of peak water use during 1993­98, and additional withdrawals have been proposed to meet growing demands from within and outside of the system boundary. The system is defined by the Hunt­-Annaquatucket­-Pettaquamscutt aquifer, which is composed of glacial stratified deposits, and the network of rivers, brooks, and ponds that overlie and are in hydraulic connection with the aquifer. Nearly all of the water withdrawn, however, is derived from depletions of flow in the rivers, brooks, and ponds that overlie the aquifer. Streamflow depletions are of concern to environmental agencies because of the adverse effects that reductions in streamflow can have on aquatic and riparian ecosystems.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>A conjunctive-management model of the stream-aquifer system was developed to simultaneously address the water-demand and streamflow-depletion issues. The objective of the model was to maximize total ground-water withdrawal from the aquifer during July, August, and September. These three months are generally the time of year when water-supply demands are largest and streamflows are simultaneously lowest. Total withdrawal from the aquifer was limited by a set of constraints specified in the model. These constraints were (1) maximum rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt, Annaquatucket, and Pettaquamscutt Rivers; (2) minimum monthly water demands of each of three water-supply systems that withdraw water from the aquifer; and (3) minimum and maximum withdrawal rates at each supply well.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>The conjunctive-management model was formulated mathematically as a linear program. The model was solved by a response-matrix technique that incorporates the results of transient, numerical simulation of the stream-aquifer system into the constraint set of the linear program. The basis of the technique was the assumption that streamflow-depletion rates in each river were a linear function of ground-water-withdrawal rates at each well. This assumption was shown to be valid for the conditions evaluated in this study, primarily because of the very high transmissivity of the aquifer near many of the wells pumped for water supply. A transient, numerical model of the system was developed to simulate an average annual cycle of monthly withdrawal and hydrologic conditions representative of the 56-year period 1941­96. The transient model was used to generate characteristic streamflow-depletion responses in each river to simulated withdrawals at each well; these characteristic responses, or response coefficients, were then incorporated directly into the streamflow-depletion constraints of the linear program.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Four sets of applications of the conjunctive-management model were made to determine whether total ground-water withdrawal from the aquifer during July, August, and September could be increased over the current total withdrawal for alternative definitions of the maximum rates of streamflow depletion allowed in the Hunt, Annaquatucket, and Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Current conditions were defined as the average monthly withdrawal rates at each supply well, water demands of each of the three water-supply systems, and estimated streamflow-depletion rates during the 6-year period 1993­98. Total withdrawal from all wells in the system from July through September during 1993­98 was 506.5 million gallons. Estimated streamflow-depletion rates for 1993­98 were calculated by use of the transient model, with the 1993­98 average monthly withdrawal rates specified at each supply well. Streamflow-depletion rates calculated for July, August, and September averaged 25 percent of the model-calculated pre-withdrawal streamflow rates for the Hunt River, 19 percent for the Annaquatucket River, and 7 percent for the Pettaquamscutt River.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>The first set of applications of the model were made with the current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt, Annaquatucket, and Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Results of these applications indicated that total withdrawal from the aquifer during July, August, and September could be increased from about 8 to 18 percent (from 546.0 to 596.3 million gallons) over the current total withdrawal. The increased withdrawal would require modifications to the current annual withdrawal schedule of each supply well and, for the 18-percent increase, a modified network of supply wells that would include two new wells in the Annaquatucket River Basin. A second set of model applications then was made to determine if current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River could be reduced without increasing current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket or Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Decreases in the current rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River would result in increased streamflow in the river during these three months. Results showed that current rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River during July, August, and September could be decreased from 5 to 15 percent, depending on whether the existing or modified well network was used.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Subsequent model applications indicated that substantial increases in total ground-water withdrawal from the aquifer are possible, but would require increased rates of streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt Rivers. Maximum increases in the July through September withdrawal from the aquifer of about 39 to 50 percent (from 705.1 to 760.3 million gallons) over the current total withdrawal were calculated when streamflow-depletion rates in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt Rivers were allowed to increase from current estimated rates to a maximum of 25 percent of the model-calculated pre-withdrawal streamflow for each river during July, August, and September. Alternatively, it was shown that current estimated rates of streamflow depletion in the Hunt River during July, August, and September could be reduced by as much as 35 percent for the maximum allowed increases in streamflow depletion in the Annaquatucket and Pettaquamscutt Rivers; maximum increased withdrawal from the aquifer, however, would range from 8 to 18 percent over the current total withdrawal for the 35-percent reduction in streamflow-depletion rates in the Hunt River.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Results of the different applications of the model demonstrate the usefulness of coupling numerical-simulation and optimization techniques for regional-scale evaluation of water-resource management alternatives. The results of the evaluation must be viewed, however, within the limitations of the quality of data available for the Hunt­-Annaquatucket­-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system and representation of the system by a simulation model. An additional limitation of the analysis was the use of an average annual cycle of monthly withdrawal and hydrologic conditions. Ground-water withdrawal strategies may need to be modified to meet streamflow-depletion constraints during extreme hydrologic events, such as droughts.</p><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p><p>Contributing areas and sources of water to the supply wells also were delineated by use of a steady-state model of the stream-aquifer system. The model was developed to simulate long-term-average ground-water flow and ground-water/ surface-water interactions in the system during the 56-year period 1941­96. Sources of water to the wells consisted of precipitation and wastewater recharge to the aquifer, streamflow leakage from natural stream-channel losses, streamflow leakage caused by induced infiltration, and lateral ground-water inflow from till and bedrock upland areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1636","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., and Dickerman, D.C., 2001, Numerical-simulation and conjunctive-management models of the Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1636, Report: vi, 88 p.; 1 Plate: 8.00 x 10.74 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1636.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 88 p.; 1 Plate: 8.00 x 10.74 inches","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411376,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37347.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3502,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1636/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Hunt-Annaquatucket-Pettaquamscutt stream-aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.53278939505572,\n              41.672256551048775\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.53278939505572,\n              41.46679169393127\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.42248696957856,\n              41.46679169393127\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.42248696957856,\n              41.672256551048775\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.53278939505572,\n              41.672256551048775\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerman, David C.","contributorId":41047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4916,"text":"twri03B8 - 2001 - System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"twri03B8","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-B8","title":"System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water flow simulation","docAbstract":"Ground-water models attempt to represent an actual ground-water system with a mathematical counterpart. The conceptualization of how and where water originates in the ground-water-flow system and how and where it leaves the system is critical to the development of an accurate model. The mathematical representation of these boundaries in the model is important because many hydrologic boundary conditions can be mathematically represented in more than one way. The determination of which mathematical representation of a boundary condition is best usually is dependent upon the objectives of the study. This report focuses on the specific aspect of describing different ways to simulate, in a numerical model, the physical features that act as hydrologic boundaries in an actual ground-water system. The ramifications, benefits, and limitations of each approach are enumerated, and descriptions of the representation of boundaries in models for Long Island, New York, and the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, illustrate the application of some of the methods.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri03B8","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.E., 2001, System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water flow simulation: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-B8, USGS-TWRI book 3, chap. B8. 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03B8.","productDescription":"USGS-TWRI book 3, chap. B8. 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":685,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri-3_B8/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, T. E.","contributorId":79460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185671,"text":"70185671 - 2001 - Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T13:01:53","indexId":"70185671","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Diffusion, sorption and biodegradation are key processes impacting the efficiency of natural attenuation. While each process has been studied individually, limited information exists on the kinetic coupling of these processes. In this paper, a model is presented that couples nonlinear and nonequilibrium sorption (intraparticle diffusion) with biodegradation kinetics. Initially, these processes are studied independently (i.e., intraparticle diffusion, nonlinear sorption and biodegradation), with appropriate parameters determined from these independent studies. Then, the coupled processes are studied, with an initial data set used to determine biodegradation constants that were subsequently used to successfully predict the behavior of a second data set. The validated model is then used to conduct a sensitivity analysis, which reveals conditions where biodegradation becomes desorption rate-limited. If the chemical is not pre-equilibrated with the soil prior to the onset of biodegradation, then fast sorption will reduce aqueous concentrations and thus biodegradation rates. Another sensitivity analysis demonstrates the importance of including nonlinear sorption in a coupled diffusion/sorption and biodegradation model. While predictions based on linear sorption isotherms agree well with solution concentrations, for the conditions evaluated this approach overestimates the percentage of contaminant biodegraded by as much as 50%. This research demonstrates that nonlinear sorption should be coupled with diffusion/sorption and biodegradation models in order to accurately predict bioremediation and natural attenuation processes. To our knowledge this study is unique in studying nonlinear sorption coupled with intraparticle diffusion and biodegradation kinetics with natural media.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00179-0","usgsCitation":"Karapanagioti, H.K., Gossard, C.M., Strevett, K.A., Kolar, R.L., and Sabatini, D.A., 2001, Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 48, no. 1-2, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00179-0.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda84b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karapanagioti, Hrissi K.","contributorId":189380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karapanagioti","given":"Hrissi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gossard, Chris M.","contributorId":189867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gossard","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strevett, Keith A.","contributorId":189868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strevett","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolar, Randall L.","contributorId":189869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolar","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sabatini, David A.","contributorId":189382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabatini","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70073530,"text":"70073530 - 2001 - Evolution of the conceptual model of unsaturated zone hydrology at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-17T14:06:21","indexId":"70073530","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T14:02:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the conceptual model of unsaturated zone hydrology at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Yucca Mountain is an arid site proposed for consideration as the United States’ first underground high-level radioactive waste repository. Low rainfall (approximately 170 mm/yr) and a thick unsaturated zone (500–1000 m) are important physical attributes of the site because the quantity of water likely to reach the waste and the paths and rates of movement of the water to the saturated zone under future climates would be major factors in controlling the concentrations and times of arrival of radionuclides at the surrounding accessible environment. The framework for understanding the hydrologic processes that occur at this site and that control how quickly water will penetrate through the unsaturated zone to the water table has evolved during the past 15 yr. Early conceptual models assumed that very small volumes of water infiltrated into the bedrock (0.5–4.5 mm/yr, or 2–3 percent of rainfall), that much of the infiltrated water flowed laterally within the upper nonwelded units because of capillary barrier effects, and that the remaining water flowed down faults with a small amount flowing through the matrix of the lower welded, fractured rocks. It was believed that the matrix had to be saturated for fractures to flow. However, accumulating evidence indicated that infiltration rates were higher than initially estimated, such as infiltration modeling based on neutron borehole data, bomb-pulse isotopes deep in the mountain, perched water analyses and thermal analyses. Mechanisms supporting lateral diversion did not apply at these higher fluxes, and the flux calculated in the lower welded unit exceeded the conductivity of the matrix, implying vertical flow of water in the high permeability fractures of the potential repository host rock, and disequilibrium between matrix and fracture water potentials. The development of numerical modeling methods and parameter values evolved concurrently with the conceptual model in order to account for the observed field data, particularly fracture flow deep in the unsaturated zone. This paper presents the history of the evolution of conceptual models of hydrology and numerical models of unsaturated zone flow at Yucca Mountain, Nevada (Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., Kwicklis, E.M., Bodvarsson, G.S., Fabryka-Martin, J.M., 2001. Hydrology of Yucca Mountain. Reviews of Geophysics in press). This retrospective is the basis for recommendations for optimizing the efficiency with which a viable and robust conceptual model can be developed for a complex site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00358-4","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., Bodvarsson, G.S., Kwicklis, E.M., and Fabryka-Martin, J., 2001, Evolution of the conceptual model of unsaturated zone hydrology at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Journal of Hydrology, v. 247, no. 1-2, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00358-4.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281252,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00358-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.2379,35.4976 ], [ -117.2379,37.501 ], [ -115.4938,37.501 ], [ -115.4938,35.4976 ], [ -117.2379,35.4976 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"247","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd58abe4b0b290850f83e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodvarsson, Gudmundur S.","contributorId":36851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodvarsson","given":"Gudmundur","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kwicklis, Edward M.","contributorId":25970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwicklis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fabryka-Martin, June","contributorId":6760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabryka-Martin","given":"June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70074097,"text":"70074097 - 2001 - Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T13:29:19","indexId":"70074097","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:21:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California","docAbstract":"Tufa (spring) deposits in the Tecopa basin, California, reflect the response of arid groundwater regimes to wet climate episodes. Two types of tufa are represented, informally defined as (1) an easily disaggregated, fine-grained mixture of calcite and quartz (friable tufa) in the southwest Tecopa Valley, and (2) hard, vuggy micrite, laminated carbonate, and carbonate-cemented sands and gravels (indurated tufa) along the eastern margin of Lake Tecopa. High δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> (Vienna standard mean ocean water) water values, field relations, and the texture of friable tufa suggest rapid nucleation of calcite as subaqueous, fault- controlled groundwater discharge mixed with high-pH, hypersaline lake water. Variations between δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PDB</sub> (Peedee belemnite) values relative to other closed basin lakes such as the Great Salt Lake and Lake Lahontan suggest similarities in climatic and hydrologic settings. Indurated tufa, also fault controlled, formed mounds and associated feeder systems as well as stratabound carbonate-cemented ledges. Both deposits represent discharge of deeply circulated, high total dissolved solids, and high <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> regional groundwater with kinetic enrichments of as much as several per mil for δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>VSMOW</sub> values.\n\nField relations show that indurated tufa represents episodic discharge, and U-series ages imply that discharge was correlated with cold, wet climate episodes. In response to both the breaching of the Tecopa basin and a modern arid climate, most discharge has changed from fault-controlled locations near basin margins to topographic lows of the Amargosa River drainage at elevations 30–130 m lower. Because of episodic climate change, spring flows may have relocated from basin margin to basin center multiple times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:PROSDI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.T., Karlsson, H.R., Paces, J.B., Tingey, D.G., Ward, S., and Peters, M.T., 2001, Paleohydrologic record of spring deposits in and around Pleistocene pluvial Lake Tecopa, southeastern California: GSA Bulletin, v. 113, no. 5, p. 659-670, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:PROSDI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"670","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281580,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0659:PROSDI>2.0.CO;2"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Tecopa","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tecopa","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.286772,35.793291 ], [ -116.286772,35.899551 ], [ -116.10947,35.899551 ], [ -116.10947,35.793291 ], [ -116.286772,35.793291 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6a7ce4b0b290851034a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Stephen T.","contributorId":32078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlsson, Haraldur R.","contributorId":80180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlsson","given":"Haraldur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tingey, David G.","contributorId":67406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, Stephen","contributorId":44072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, Mark T.","contributorId":22243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70073357,"text":"70073357 - 2001 - Fractionation of Fe isotopes by soil microbes and organic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:52:34","indexId":"70073357","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:10:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of Fe isotopes by soil microbes and organic acids","docAbstract":"Small natural variations in Fe isotopes have been attributed to biological cycling. However, without understanding the mechanism of fractionation, it is impossible to interpret such variations. Here we show that the &delta;<sup>56</sup>Fe of Fe dissolved from a silicate soil mineral by siderophore-producing bacteria is as much as 0.8% lighter than bulk Fe in the mineral. A smaller isotopic shift is observed for Fe released abiotically by two chelates, and the magnitude of the shift increases with affinity of the ligand for Fe, consistent with a kinetic isotope effect during hydrolysis of Fe at the mineral surface.  Fe dissolved abiotically without chelates shows no isotopic shift. The &delta;<sup>56</sup>Fe of the exchange fraction on soil grains is also lighter by ~0.6%-1% than Fe from both hornblende and iron oxyhydroxides. The kinetic isotope effect is therefore preserved in open systems such as soils. when recorded in the rock record, Fe isotopic fractionation could document Fe transport by organic molecules or by microbes where such entities were present in the geologic past.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0535:FOFIBS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., Liermann, L., and Bullen, T.D., 2001, Fractionation of Fe isotopes by soil microbes and organic acids: Geology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 535-538, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0535:FOFIBS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"538","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281190,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0535:FOFIBS>2.0.CO;2"},{"id":281191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5a40e4b0b290850f93aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Susan L.","contributorId":38461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liermann, Laura","contributorId":98632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liermann","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70100286,"text":"70100286 - 2001 - Processes controlling the episodic streamwater transport of atrazine and other agrichemicals in an agricultural watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-31T13:07:25","indexId":"70100286","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:03:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes controlling the episodic streamwater transport of atrazine and other agrichemicals in an agricultural watershed","docAbstract":"Episodic streamwater transport of atrazine (a common agricultural herbicide) and nutrients has been observed throughout agricultural watersheds in the United States and poses a serious threat to the quality of its water resources. Catchment-scale atrazine and nutrient transport processes after agricultural application are still poorly understood, and predicting episodic streamwater composition remains an elusive goal. We instrumented a 1.2-km<sup>2</sup> agricultural catchment near Harrisonburg, Virginia, and examined streamwater, overland flow, soil water, groundwater, and rainfall during the summer of 1998. Storm chemographs demonstrated different patterns for constituents derived primarily from weathering (silica and calcium), compared to constituents derived primarily from early spring land applications (nitrate, atrazine, DOC, potassium, chloride, and sulfate). During storms, the concentrations of silica and calcium decreased, the atrazine response was variable, and the concentrations of nitrate, DOC, potassium, chloride, and sulfate increased; the elevated nitrate signal lagged several hours behind the other elevated constituents. Graphical and statistical analyses indicated a relatively stable spring-fed baseflow was modified by a mixture of overland flow and soil water. A rapid, short-duration overland-flow pulse dominated the streamflow early in the event and contributed most of the potassium, DOC, chloride, suspended sediment, and atrazine. A longer-duration soil–water pulse dominated the streamflow later in the event and contributed the nitrate as well as additional potassium, DOC, sulfate, and atrazine. The contributions to the episodic streamflow were quantified using a flushing model in which overland-flow and soil–water concentrations decreased exponentially with time during an episode. Flushing time constants for the overland-flow and soil–water reservoirs were calculated on a storm-by-storm basis using separate tracers for each time-variable reservoir. Initial component concentrations were estimated through regression analyses. Mass-balance calculations were used for flow separations and to predict the observed streamwater composition. Model forecasts indicated that reduced fertilizer and pesticide application (rather than elimination of overland-flow or soil–water contributions) was necessary to improve the episodic streamwater composition. This study provides important additional understanding of the catchment-scale processes by which land-applied pesticides and nutrients can move through agricultural systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00497-8","usgsCitation":"Hyer, K., Hornberger, G., and Herman, J.S., 2001, Processes controlling the episodic streamwater transport of atrazine and other agrichemicals in an agricultural watershed: Journal of Hydrology, v. 254, no. 1-4, p. 47-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00497-8.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285151,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00497-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Muddy Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.8909,38.2642 ], [ -78.8909,38.6171 ], [ -78.2909,38.6171 ], [ -78.2909,38.2642 ], [ -78.8909,38.2642 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"254","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355952de4b0120853e8c167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth kenhyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073923,"text":"70073923 - 2001 - Occurrence of Coliform bacteria in a karst aquifer, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T11:05:44","indexId":"70073923","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Occurrence of Coliform bacteria in a karst aquifer, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Geotechnical and Environmental Applications of Karst Geology and Hydrology: Proceedings of the Eighth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karsts, Louisville, Kentucky, 1-4 April 2001","conferenceTitle":"Eighth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karsts","conferenceDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Louisville, Kentucky","language":"English","publisher":"Balkema","isbn":"9058091902","usgsCitation":"Kozar, M., and Mathes, M., 2001, Occurrence of Coliform bacteria in a karst aquifer, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA, p. 217-221.","productDescription":"p. 217-221","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Berkeley County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.229912,39.264403 ], [ -78.229912,39.622517 ], [ -77.823422,39.622517 ], [ -77.823422,39.264403 ], [ -78.229912,39.264403 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd69b3e4b0b29085102c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozar, M.D.","contributorId":67544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozar","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathes, M.V.","contributorId":44916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathes","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198718,"text":"70198718 - 2001 - Bacterial respiration of arsenate and its significance in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T10:49:41","indexId":"70198718","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T10:46:38","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bacterial respiration of arsenate and its significance in the environment","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental chemistry of arsenic","language":"English","publisher":"Marcel Dekker","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Newman, D., Kail, B., and Stolz, J., 2001, Bacterial respiration of arsenate and its significance in the environment, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental chemistry of arsenic, p. 273-296.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"296","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/427f/759137d43de30d69a41481fb59379857df45.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d469e4b0702d0e8476fe","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Frankenberger, W.T.","contributorId":207069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frankenberger","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742696,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newman, Diane","contributorId":149869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17846,"text":"Professor at CalTech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":742693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kail, B.W.","contributorId":207080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kail","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199473,"text":"70199473 - 2001 - Stressor interactions in ecological systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:19:34","indexId":"70199473","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T10:16:12","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stressor interactions in ecological systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological variability: Separating natural from anthropogenic causes of ecosystem impairment","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","publisherLocation":"Pensacola","usgsCitation":"Clements, W., Luoma, S.N., Gerritsen, J., Hatch, A., Jepson, P., Reynoldson, T.B., and Thom, R., 2001, Stressor interactions in ecological systems, chap. <i>of</i> Ecological variability: Separating natural from anthropogenic causes of ecosystem impairment, p. 215-233.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f694e4b034bf6a80765a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baird, D.J.","contributorId":113177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745519,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clements, William","contributorId":82596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerritsen, Jeroen","contributorId":80128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerritsen","given":"Jeroen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatch, Anne","contributorId":206913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jepson, P.","contributorId":206914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jepson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reynoldson, Trefor B.","contributorId":42177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynoldson","given":"Trefor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thom, R.","contributorId":207994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thom","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70198595,"text":"70198595 - 2001 - Separating stressor influences from environmental variability: Eight case studies from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T10:22:28","indexId":"70198595","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T08:58:39","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Separating stressor influences from environmental variability: Eight case studies from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological variability: Separating natural from anthropogenic causes of ecosystem impairment","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Pensacola","isbn":"1-880611-4-30","usgsCitation":"Suoma, S., Clements, W., DeWitt, T., Gerritsen, J., Hatch, A., Jepson, P., Reynoldson, T.B., and Thom, R., 2001, Separating stressor influences from environmental variability: Eight case studies from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, chap. <i>of</i> Ecological variability: Separating natural from anthropogenic causes of ecosystem impairment, p. 179-214.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98d47ee4b0702d0e847707","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baird, D.J.","contributorId":113177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742272,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, G.A.","contributorId":63910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742273,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Suoma, S.N.","contributorId":206911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suoma","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clements, W.H.","contributorId":78855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clements","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeWitt, T.","contributorId":206912,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWitt","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerritsen, Jeroen","contributorId":80128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerritsen","given":"Jeroen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hatch, Anne","contributorId":206913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jepson, P.","contributorId":206914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jepson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reynoldson, Trefor B.","contributorId":42177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynoldson","given":"Trefor","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thom, Ron","contributorId":56555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thom","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70199894,"text":"70199894 - 2001 - Biogeochemical cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T07:57:05","indexId":"70199894","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T07:55:44","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biogeochemical cycles","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of life sciences","language":"English","publisher":"Macmillian Press","publisherLocation":"London","usgsCitation":"Ehrlich, H., Oremland, R., and Zehr, J., 2001, Biogeochemical cycles, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of life sciences.","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10f6d2e4b034bf6a80765e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ehrlich, H.L.","contributorId":208425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ron roremlan@usgs.gov","contributorId":145773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ron","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zehr, J.P.","contributorId":106645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehr","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185194,"text":"70185194 - 2001 - Water sustainability -- Science or management?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T10:43:59","indexId":"70185194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water sustainability -- Science or management?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02352.x","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., 2001, Water sustainability -- Science or management?: Groundwater, v. 39, no. 5, p. 641-641, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02352.x.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"641","endPage":"641","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41fe4b0849ce97dc770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185193,"text":"70185193 - 2001 - In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:40:13","indexId":"70185193","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II)","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reductive dissolution of MnO</span><sub>2</sub><span> by Fe(II) under conditions simulating acid mine drainage (pH 3, 100 mM SO</span><sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup><span>) was investigated by utilizing a flow-through reaction cell and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This configuration allows collection of in situ, real-time X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra and bulk solution samples. Analysis of the solution chemistry suggests that the reaction mechanism changed (decreased reaction rate) as MnO</span><sub>2</sub><span> was reduced and Fe(III) precipitated, primarily as ferrihydrite. Simultaneously, we observed an additional phase, with the local structure of jacobsite (MnFe</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>4</sub><span>), in the Mn XANES spectra of reactants and products. The X-ray absorbance of this intermediate phase increased during the experiment, implying an increase in concentration. The presence of this phase, which probably formed as a surface coating, helps to explain the reduced rate of dissolution of manganese(IV) oxide. In natural environments affected by acid mine drainage, the formation of complex intermediate solid phases on mineral surfaces undergoing reductive dissolution may likewise influence the rate of release of metals to solution.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es001356d","usgsCitation":"Villinski, J.E., O’Day, P.A., Corley, T.L., and Conklin, M.H., 2001, In situ spectroscopic and solution analyses of the reductive dissolution of Mn02 by Fe(II): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1157-1163, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001356d.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1163","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41fe4b0849ce97dc772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villinski, John E.","contributorId":189392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villinski","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Day, Peggy A.","contributorId":189393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Day","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corley, Timothy L.","contributorId":189394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corley","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conklin, Martha H.","contributorId":189395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conklin","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185184,"text":"70185184 - 2001 - Annual maxima in Zn concentrations during spring snowmelt in streams impacted by mine drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:57:41","indexId":"70185184","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual maxima in Zn concentrations during spring snowmelt in streams impacted by mine drainage","docAbstract":"<p><span>Long-term hydrochemical monitoring and 2&nbsp;years of intensive sampling were used to identify annual patterns in Zn export from three neighboring catchments in Summit County, Colorado. These catchments are characterized by a snowmelt-dominated hydrologic cycle, but range in the level of mining impact from little to severe. Zn concentrations increased during snowmelt along stream reaches with a history of mining, but were diluted by snowmelt where metals originated in widely disseminated pyrite in the host rock of the catchment. Inter-site differences in the relationship between Zn and sulfate, together with inter-annual variability in the timing and magnitude of peak Zn concentrations suggest that a portion of the Zn flush is retarded, perhaps through interaction with cation exchange sites in soil. Although Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentrations also increase during snowmelt, there was no indication that the export of Zn was facilitated by the flush of organic carbon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s002540100338","usgsCitation":"Brooks, P., McKnight, D., and Bencala, K.E., 2001, Annual maxima in Zn concentrations during spring snowmelt in streams impacted by mine drainage: Environmental Geology, v. 40, no. 11, p. 1447-1454, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540100338.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1454","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52ffe4b0849ce97c8752","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, P. ","contributorId":189374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"P. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, D.","contributorId":48713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185672,"text":"70185672 - 2001 - Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:37:05","indexId":"70185672","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water","docAbstract":"<p><span>At contaminated groundwater sites, poplar trees can be used to affect ground-water levels, flow directions, and ultimately total groundwater and contaminant flux to areas downgradient of the trees. The magnitude of the hydrologic changes can be monitored using fundamental concepts of groundwater hydrology, in addition to plant physiology-based approaches, and can be viewed as being almost independent of the contaminant released. The affect of poplar trees on the fate of groundwater contaminants, however, is contaminant dependent. Some petroleum hydrocarbons or chlorinated solvents may be mineralized or transformed to innocuous compounds by rhizospheric bacteria associated with the tree roots, mineralized or transformed by plant tissues in the transpiration stream or leaves after uptake, or passively volatilized and rapidly dispersed or oxidized in the atmosphere. These processes also can be monitored using a combination of physiological- or geochemical-based field or laboratory approaches. When combined, such hydrologic and contaminant monitoring approaches can result in a more accurate assessment of the use of poplar trees to meet regulatory goals at contaminated groundwater sites, verify that these goals continue to be met in the future, and ultimately lead to a consensus on how the performance of plant-based remedial strategies (phytoremediation) is to be assessed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15226510108500050","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., 2001, Monitoring the effect of poplar trees on petroleum-hydrocarbon and chlorinated-solvent contaminated ground water: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 3, no. 1, p. 61-85, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510108500050.","productDescription":"25 p. ","startPage":"61","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da2539e4b0543bf7fda84d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70178174,"text":"70178174 - 2001 - Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T13:02:32","indexId":"70178174","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The selenium literature has grown substantially in recent years to encompass new information in a variety of areas. Correspondingly, several different approaches to establishing a new water quality criterion for selenium have been proposed since establishment of the national water quality criterion in 1987. Diverging viewpoints and interpretations of the selenium literature have lead to opposing perspectives on issues such as establishing a national criterion based on a sediment-based model, using hydrologic units to set criteria for stream reaches, and applying lentic-derived effects to lotic environments. This Commentary presents information on the lotic verse lentic controversy. Recently, an article was published that concluded that no adverse effects were occurring in a cutthroat trout population in a coldwater river with elevated selenium concentrations (C. J. Kennedy, L. E. McDonald, R. Loveridge, and M. M. Strosher, 2000, </span><i>Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.</i><span> 39, 46–52). This article has added to the controversy rather than provided further insight into selenium toxicology. Information, or rather missing information, in the article has been critically reviewed and problems in the interpretations are discussed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.2001.2111","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Palace, V.P., 2001, Assessment of selenium effects in lotic ecosystems: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 50, no. 3, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2ce4b0dee4cc90cbd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palace, Vince P.","contributorId":176210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palace","given":"Vince","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176091,"text":"70176091 - 2001 - Online bibliographic sources in hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T12:28:06","indexId":"70176091","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Online bibliographic sources in hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Information and the professional scientist and engineer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Haworth Information Press","publisherLocation":"Binghamton, NY","usgsCitation":"Haworth Information Press, 2001, Online bibliographic sources in hydrology, chap. <i>of</i> Information and the professional scientist and engineer.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":327846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016c9e4b0f2f0ceb8735b"}
]}