{"pageNumber":"343","pageRowStart":"8550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":41079,"records":[{"id":70200529,"text":"sir20185139 - 2019 - Use of a Numerical Model to Simulate the Hydrologic System and Transport of Contaminants Near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-19T16:03:43","indexId":"sir20185139","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-18T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5139","displayTitle":"Use of a Numerical Model to Simulate the Hydrologic System and Transport of Contaminants Near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","title":"Use of a Numerical Model to Simulate the Hydrologic System and Transport of Contaminants Near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"

Historical training and operational activities at Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC) on western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, have resulted in the release of contaminants into an underlying glacial aquifer that is the sole source of water to the surrounding communities. Remedial systems have been installed to contain and remove contamination from the aquifer. Groundwater withdrawals for public supply are expected to increase as the region continues to urbanize. Increases in water-supply withdrawals and wastewater return flow likely will affect the hydrologic system around JBCC and could affect the transport of any contamination that may remain in the aquifer following remediation of contamination from the JBCC. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center, developed a numerical, steady-state regional model of the Sagamore flow lens on western Cape Cod and evaluated the potential effects of future (2030) groundwater withdrawals on water levels, streamflows, hydraulic gradients, and advective transport near the JBCC.

The aquifer consists generally of sandy sediments underlain by impermeable bedrock and is bounded laterally by a freshwater/saltwater interface. Data on the altitude of the bedrock surface, position of the freshwater/saltwater interface, lithology of the aquifer, spatial distribution of recharge, and hydrologic boundaries were incorporated into the three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater flow model.

Some inputs into the numerical model—aquifer properties, leakances, and recharge—are represented as parameters to facilitate estimation of optimal parameter values in an inverse calibration. A hybrid parameterization scheme, with both zones of piecewise constancy and pilot points, is used to represent hydraulic conductivity; other adjustable parameters include recharge, boundary leakance, and porosity. Data on water levels, the distribution of subsurface contamination, and groundwater ages were compiled, evaluated, and used to develop observations of long-term average hydraulic gradients and advective-transport patterns. These observations of steady-state hydrologic conditions were combined with the parameterized groundwater model in an inverse calibration to estimate model parameters that best fit the observations.

Current (2010) and future (2030) conditions were simulated in the calibrated model to characterize the groundwater flow system and to determine potential effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on advective-transport patterns at the JBCC. Groundwater flow and advective transport are radially outward from a water-table divide in the northern part of the JBCC; flow diverges from the divide toward all points of the compass. Most groundwater flow and contaminant transport occur in shallow parts of the aquifer. On average, about one-half of the groundwater flux occurs in the shallowest 20 percent of the saturated thickness; shallow flow is even more predominant near streams and lakes. Projected (2030) increases in groundwater withdrawals decrease water levels by a maximum of about 1.2 feet in the northern part of the JBCC; drawdowns exceeding 1 foot generally are limited to areas near the largest increases in withdrawals, such as in the northern part of the JBCC, near Long Pond in Falmouth, and in eastern Barnstable. Streamflow decreases average about 6 percent; the largest decreases are in areas with the largest drawdowns. Changes in hydraulic-gradient directions at the water table exceed 1 degree in about 13 percent of the aquifer, generally near groundwater divides where gradient magnitudes are small and near large groundwater withdrawals. Predictions of advective transport from randomly selected locations at the water table are similar for current (2010) and future (2030) groundwater withdrawals. The results indicate that projected increases in groundwater withdrawals affect water levels and streamflows, but effects on hydraulic gradients and advective transport at the JBCC likely are small.

Several underlying assumptions inherent in the model, including observations and weights used in the calibration, representation of local-scale heterogeneity, and simulation of the freshwater/saltwater interface, could affect model calibration and predictions; these assumptions were evaluated with alternative models and alternative inverse calibrations. Eight alternative calibrations were performed in which different, but reasonable, observations and weights were used. The preferred calibrated model had the best overall fit to the observations.

Fine-grained silty sediments occur in many parts of the aquifer, and silt lenses can locally affect hydraulic gradients. A set of alternative models in which silts were represented with different correlation distances and hydraulic conductivities indicated that explicitly representing silt lenses could affect model calibration but that the implicit representation of local-scale heterogeneity may be sufficient at the regional scale to represent regional-scale hydraulic gradients. For the coastal boundary, two alternative models representing silty and sandy seabeds and their associated interface positions were developed to test the importance of the assumed coastal-boundary condition. The two alternative models resulted in different predictions of streamflow—streamflows increase with smaller (silty) seabed leakances. However, predictions of advective transport, particularly near the JBCC, generally were similar between the alternative and preferred calibrated models, indicating that the seabed leakance and associated interface position at the coastal boundary does not affect simulations of advective transport in inland parts of the aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185139","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Air Force Civil Engineer Center","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., McCobb, T.D., and Fienen, M.N., 2019, Use of a numerical model to simulate the hydrologic system and transport of contaminants near Joint Base Cape Cod, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5139, 98 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185139.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 98 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-077209","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362939,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77P8XCT ","text":"USGS data release ","description":"USGS data release ","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW–2005 and MODPATH Used to Simulate the Hydrologic System and Transport of Contaminants Near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},{"id":437495,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77P8XCT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW2005 and MODPATH used to simulate the hydrologic system and transport contaminants near Joint Base Cape Cod, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts"},{"id":362937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5139/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":362938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5139/sir20185139.pdf","text":"Report","size":"43.8 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018-5139"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -69.840087890625,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -69.840087890625,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 42.21224516288584\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 41.21172151054787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-04-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCobb, Timothy D. 0000-0003-1533-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":209977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"Timothy D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":105948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":749378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70216745,"text":"70216745 - 2019 - Birth and evolution of the Virgin River fluvial system: ∼1 km of post–5 Ma uplift of the western Colorado Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T00:27:42.394548","indexId":"70216745","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-17T18:15:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Birth and evolution of the Virgin River fluvial system: ∼1 km of post–5 Ma uplift of the western Colorado Plateau","docAbstract":"

The uplift history of the Colorado Plateau has been debated for over a century with still no unified hypotheses for the cause, timing, and rate of uplift. 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar dating of recurrent basaltic volcanism over the past ∼6 Ma within the Virgin River drainage system, southwest Utah, northwest Arizona, and southern Nevada, provides a way to reconstruct paleoprofiles and quantify differential river incision across the boundary faults of the Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range boundary. We compare differential incision data with patterns of channel steepness, bedrock erodibility, basaltic migration, and mantle velocity structure to understand the birth and evolution of the Virgin River system.

New detrital sanidine ages constrain the arrival of the Virgin River across the Virgin Mountains to less than 5.9 Ma. Virgin River incision rates and amounts show an eastward stair-step increase in bedrock incision across multiple N-S–trending normal faults. Using block incision values away from fault-related flexures, average bedrock incision rates are near zero since 4.6 Ma in the Lower Colorado River corridor, 23 m/Ma from 6.8 to 3.6 Ma in the Lake Mead block, 85 m/Ma from 3 to 0.4 Ma in the combined St. George and Hurricane blocks, and 338 m/Ma from 1 to 0.1 Ma in the Zion block. Steady incision within each block is documented by incision constraints that span these age ranges. We test two end-member hypotheses to explain the observed differential incision magnitudes and rates along the Virgin River system over the past ∼5 Ma: (1) as a measure of mantle-driven differential uplift of the Colorado Plateau relative to sea level; or (2) due to river integration across previously uplifted topography and differential rock types with down-dropping of Transition Zone blocks but no post–5 Ma uplift.

We favor headwater uplift of the Colorado Plateau because basalt-preserved paleoprofiles indicate that eastern fault blocks have been the “active” blocks that moved upwards relative to western blocks with little base-level change of the lower Colorado River corridor in the past 4.6 Ma. Block-to-block differential incision adds cumulatively such that the Zion block (Colorado Plateau edge) has been deeply incised 880–1200 m (∼338 m/Ma) over the 2.6–3.6 Ma period of Hurricane fault neotectonic movement, which has a slip magnitude of 1100 m. Mantle-driven uplift is implicated by a strong correlation throughout the Virgin River drainage between high normalized channel steepness (ksn) and low underlying mantle velocity, whereas there is a weaker correlation between high ksn and resistant lithologies. Basaltic volcanism has migrated northeastward at a rate of ∼18 km/Ma parallel to the Virgin River between ca. 13 and 0.5 Ma, also suggesting a mantle-driven mechanism for the combined epeirogenic uplift of the western Colorado Plateau, recurrent slip on its bounding faults, and headward propagation and differential incision of the Virgin River. Thus, we interpret the Virgin River to be a <5 Ma disequilibrium river system responding to ongoing upper-mantle modification and related basalt extraction that has driven ∼1 km of young (and ongoing) surface uplift of the western Colorado Plateau.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02019.1","usgsCitation":"Walk, C., Karlstrom, K., Crow, R.S., and Heizler, M., 2019, Birth and evolution of the Virgin River fluvial system: ∼1 km of post–5 Ma uplift of the western Colorado Plateau: Geosphere, v. 15, no. 3, p. 759-782, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02019.1.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"782","ipdsId":"IP-102339","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02019.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -111.6650390625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -115.927734375,\n 35.460669951495305\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walk, Cory","contributorId":245362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walk","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl","contributorId":245363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crow, Ryan S. 0000-0002-2403-6361 rcrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-6361","contributorId":5792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Ryan","email":"rcrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heizler, Matt","contributorId":245364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heizler","given":"Matt","affiliations":[{"id":7026,"text":"New Mexico Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":806040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203687,"text":"70203687 - 2019 - Submarine permafrost map in the arctic modelled using 1D transient heat flux (SuPerMAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T14:02:28","indexId":"70203687","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-17T11:09:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Submarine permafrost map in the arctic modelled using 1D transient heat flux (SuPerMAP)","docAbstract":"

Offshore permafrost plays a role in the global climate system, but observations of permafrost thickness, state, and composition are limited to specific regions. The current global permafrost map shows potential offshore permafrost distribution based on bathymetry and global sea level rise. As a first‐order estimate, we employ a heat transfer model to calculate the subsurface temperature field. Our model uses dynamic upper boundary conditions that synthesize Earth System Model air temperature, ice mass distribution and thickness, and global sea level reconstruction and applies globally distributed geothermal heat flux as a lower boundary condition. Sea level reconstruction accounts for differences between marine and terrestrial sedimentation history. Sediment composition and pore water salinity are integrated in the model. Model runs for 450 ka for cross‐shelf transects were used to initialize the model for circumarctic modeling for the past 50 ka. Preindustrial submarine permafrost (i.e., cryotic sediment), modeled at 12.5‐km spatial resolution, lies beneath almost 2.5 ×106km2 of the Arctic shelf. Our simple modeling approach results in estimates of distribution of cryotic sediment that are similar to the current global map and recent seismically delineated permafrost distributions for the Beaufort and Kara seas, suggesting that sea level is a first‐order determinant for submarine permafrost distribution. Ice content and sediment thermal conductivity are also important for determining rates of permafrost thickness change. The model provides a consistent circumarctic approach to map submarine permafrost and to estimate the dynamics of permafrost in the past.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JC014675","usgsCitation":"Overduin, P., Schneider, T., Miesner, F., Grigoriev, M., Ruppel, C.D., Vasiliev, A., Lantuit, H., Juhls, B., and Westermann, S., 2019, Submarine permafrost map in the arctic modelled using 1D transient heat flux (SuPerMAP): Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 124, no. 6, p. 3490-3507, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014675.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3490","endPage":"3507","ipdsId":"IP-102127","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24566","text":"External Repository"},{"id":364479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Arctic shelf Regions","volume":"124","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overduin, P.P.","contributorId":37927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overduin","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, T.","contributorId":216061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miesner, F.","contributorId":216062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miesner","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grigoriev, M.N.","contributorId":64105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grigoriev","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn D. 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":195778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vasiliev, A.","contributorId":216063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vasiliev","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lantuit, H.","contributorId":216064,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lantuit","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Juhls, B.","contributorId":216065,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juhls","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Westermann, S.","contributorId":216066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westermann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70216089,"text":"70216089 - 2019 - Precipitation and temperature drive continental scale patterns in stream invertebrate production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-05T15:08:38.436614","indexId":"70216089","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-17T09:06:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation and temperature drive continental scale patterns in stream invertebrate production","docAbstract":"

Secondary production, the growth of new heterotrophic biomass, is a key process in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that has been carefully measured in many flowing water ecosystems. We combine structural equation modeling with the first worldwide dataset on annual secondary production of stream invertebrate communities to reveal core pathways linking air temperature and precipitation to secondary production. In the United States, where the most extensive set of secondary production estimates and covariate data were available, we show that precipitation-mediated, low–stream flow events have a strong negative effect on secondary production. At larger scales (United States, Europe, Central America, and Pacific), we demonstrate the significance of a positive two-step pathway from air to water temperature to increasing secondary production. Our results provide insights into the potential effects of climate change on secondary production and demonstrate a modeling framework that can be applied across ecosystems.

","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aav2348","usgsCitation":"Patrick, C.J., McGarvey, D., Larson, J.H., Cross, W., Allen, D., Benke, A., Brey, T., Huryn, A., Jones, J.D., Murphy, C., Ruffing, C., Saffarinia, P., Whiles, M., Wallace, B.P., and Woodward, G., 2019, Precipitation and temperature drive continental scale patterns in stream invertebrate production: Nature, v. 5, no. 4, eaav2348, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2348.","productDescription":"eaav2348, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-099195","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2348","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Christopher J.","contributorId":199778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patrick","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarvey, D.","contributorId":244474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGarvey","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38728,"text":"Virginia Commonwealth University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, James H. 0000-0002-6414-9758 jhlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9758","contributorId":4250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"James","email":"jhlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":804018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cross, W.","contributorId":244475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cross","given":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allen, D.","contributorId":244476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7062,"text":"University of Oklahoma","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benke, A.","contributorId":244477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benke","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brey, T.","contributorId":244478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brey","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Huryn, A.","contributorId":244479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huryn","given":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, J. Douglas","contributorId":65037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murphy, C.","contributorId":244480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murphy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Ruffing, C.","contributorId":244481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruffing","given":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Saffarinia, P.","contributorId":244482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saffarinia","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12655,"text":"University of California, Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Whiles, M.","contributorId":244483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiles","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13212,"text":"Southern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Wallace, B. P.","contributorId":178089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wallace","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":804029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Woodward, G.","contributorId":244484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woodward","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24608,"text":"Imperial College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":804030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70208597,"text":"70208597 - 2019 - Ground-motion attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, California, from 14 Bay Area earthquakes, including the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T20:08:21","indexId":"70208597","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T20:06:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-motion attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, California, from 14 Bay Area earthquakes, including the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"Peak ground motions (acceleration and velocity) radiated by earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area and recorded within the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta generally attenuate faster with distance than the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). We evaluate the attenuation for a wide set of paths into the Delta by analyzing recorded ground motions from fourteen 4 ≤ M < 7 earthquakes located on major Bay area faults: the San Andreas, Calaveras, Hayward, West Napa, and Green Valley faults. We select stations within azimuthal ranges of 38°–114° into the Delta and calculate the residuals of the peak ground motions relative to the Boore et al. (2014) GMPEs. We then fit the natural log of these peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity residuals for each earthquake to the function a−krγ, in which a is an event term and krγ is the differential attenuation. Although there is some variation in the differential attenuation obtained for each earthquake, the peak ground motions from most of the 14 events attenuate faster than predicted by the Boore et al. (2014) GMPEs. The differential attenuation does not appear to depend on azimuth or magnitude of the earthquake; however, earthquake depth may have an effect. Our results suggest that attenuation models for the Delta can be significantly improved through regionalization, although this regionalization will increase the model complexity and the epistemic uncertainty.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120180182","usgsCitation":"Erdem, J., Boatwright, J., and Fletcher, J.P., 2019, Ground-motion attenuation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta, California, from 14 Bay Area earthquakes, including the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 109, no. 3, p. 1025-1033, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180182.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1033","ipdsId":"IP-096562","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -120.3387451171875,\n 37.727280276860036\n ],\n [\n -120.3387451171875,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 39.35129035526705\n ],\n [\n -122.838134765625,\n 37.727280276860036\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdem, Jemile 0000-0003-2353-9431 jerdem@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-9431","contributorId":127700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdem","given":"Jemile","email":"jerdem@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, Jack 0000-0002-6931-5241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":205346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"Jack","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, Jon Peter B. 0000-0001-8885-6177 jfletcher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-6177","contributorId":1216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"jfletcher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203130,"text":"70203130 - 2019 - Quantifying risk of whale–vessel collisions across space, time, and management policies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-23T13:29:45","indexId":"70203130","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T13:02:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying risk of whale–vessel collisions across space, time, and management policies","docAbstract":"Transportation industries can negatively impact wildlife populations, including through increased risk of mortality. To mitigate this risk successfully, managers and conservationists must estimate risk across space, time, and alternative management policies. Evaluating this risk at fine spatial and temporal scales can be challenging, especially in systems where wildlife–vehicle collisions are rare or imperfectly detected. The sizes and behaviors of wildlife and vehicles influence collision risk, as well as how much they co‐occur in space and time. We applied a modeling framework based on encounter theory to quantify the risk of lethal collisions between endangered North Atlantic right whales and vessels. Using Automatic Identification System vessel traffic data and spatially explicit estimates of right whale abundance that account for imperfect detection, we modeled risk at fine spatiotemporal scales before and after implementation of a vessel speed rule in the southeastern United States. The expected seasonal mortality rates of right whales decreased by 22% on average after the speed rule was implemented, indicating that the rule is effective at reducing lethal collisions. The rule's effect on risk was greatest where right whales were abundant and vessel traffic was heavy, and its effect varied considerably across time and space. Our framework is spatiotemporally flexible, process‐oriented, computationally efficient and accounts for uncertainty, making it an ideal approach for evaluating many wildlife management policies, including those regarding collisions between wildlife and vehicles and cases in which wildlife may encounter other dangerous features such as wind farms, seismic surveys, or fishing gear.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.2713","usgsCitation":"Crum, N.J., Gowan, T.A., Krzystan, A., and Martin, J., 2019, Quantifying risk of whale–vessel collisions across space, time, and management policies: Ecosphere, v. 10, no. 4, Article: e02713; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2713.","productDescription":"Article: e02713; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-096433","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467696,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2713","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, Florida","city":"Brunswick, Fernandina Beach, Jacksonville","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 30.225848323247707\n ],\n [\n -81.14776611328124,\n 30.225848323247707\n ],\n [\n -81.14776611328124,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 30.225848323247707\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crum, Nathan J.","contributorId":200016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crum","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gowan, Timothy A.","contributorId":138595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gowan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krzystan, Andrea","contributorId":214962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krzystan","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[{"id":35758,"text":"FWC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martin, Julien 0000-0002-7375-129X julienmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-129X","contributorId":5785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Julien","email":"julienmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215592,"text":"70215592 - 2019 - Mechanisms of a coniferous refugium persistence under drought and heat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-25T17:51:11.992152","indexId":"70215592","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T12:47:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms of a coniferous refugium persistence under drought and heat","docAbstract":"

Predictions of warmer droughts causing increasing forest mortality are becoming abundant, yet few studies have investigated the mechanisms of forest persistence. To examine the resistance of forests to warmer droughts, we used a five-year precipitation reduction (~45% removal), heat (+4 °C above ambient) and combined drought and heat experiment in an isolated stand of mature Pinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma. Despite severe experimental drought and heating, no trees died, and we observed only minor evidence of hydraulic failure or carbon starvation. Two mechanisms promoting survival were supported. First, access to bedrock water, or 'hydraulic refugia' aided trees in their resistance to the experimental conditions. Second, the isolation of this stand amongst a landscape of dead trees precluded ingress by Ips confusus, frequently the ultimate biotic mortality agent of piñon. These combined abiotic and biotic landscape-scale processes can moderate the impacts of future droughts on tree mortality by enabling tree avoidance of hydraulic failure, carbon starvation, and exposure to attacking abiotic agents.

","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ab0921","usgsCitation":"McDowell, N.G., Grossiord, C., Adams, H.D., Pinzon-Navarro, S., MacKay, D.S., Breshears, D., Allen, C.D., Borrego, I., Dickman, L.T., and Collins, A.D., 2019, Mechanisms of a coniferous refugium persistence under drought and heat: Environmental Research Letters, v. 14, no. 4, 045014, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0921.","productDescription":"045014, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-105101","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0921","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":379721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDowell, Nate G.","contributorId":207743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDowell","given":"Nate","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37622,"text":"Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossiord, Charlotte","contributorId":207749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossiord","given":"Charlotte","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37625,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Henry D.","contributorId":218785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39910,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pinzon-Navarro, Sara","contributorId":243957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinzon-Navarro","given":"Sara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48775,"text":"Univ. de Panama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacKay, D. Scott","contributorId":243958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKay","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":37334,"text":"University at Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breshears, Dave","contributorId":243959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breshears","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":28236,"text":"Univ of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Borrego, Isaac","contributorId":207748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borrego","given":"Isaac","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37625,"text":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dickman, L. Turin","contributorId":199441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dickman","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Turin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Collins, Adam D.","contributorId":199440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70203540,"text":"70203540 - 2019 - Examination of Bathymodiolus childressi nutritional sources, isotopic niches, and food-web linkages at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin using stable isotope analysis and mixing models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-19T16:48:54","indexId":"70203540","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T12:34:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1369,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Examination of Bathymodiolus childressi nutritional sources, isotopic niches, and food-web linkages at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin using stable isotope analysis and mixing models","title":"Examination of Bathymodiolus childressi nutritional sources, isotopic niches, and food-web linkages at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin using stable isotope analysis and mixing models","docAbstract":"

Chemosynthetic environments support distinct benthic communities capable of utilizing reduced chemical compounds for nutrition. Hundreds of methane seeps have been documented along the U.S. Atlantic margin (USAM), and detailed investigations at a few seeps have revealed distinct environments containing mussels, microbial mats, authigenic carbonates, and soft sediments. The dominant mussel, Bathymodiolus childressi, contains methanotrophic endosymbionts but is also capable of filter feeding, and stable isotope analysis (SIA) of mussel-shell periostracum suggests that these mussels are mixotrophic, assimilating multiple food resources. However, it is unknown whether mixotrophy is widespread or varies spatially and temporally. We used SIA (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) and an isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to estimate resource contribution to B. childressi and characterize food webs at two seep sites (Baltimore Seep; 400 m and Norfolk Seep; 1500 m depths) along the USAM, and applied a linear mixed-effects model to explore the role of mussel population density and tissue type in influencing SIA variance. After controlling for location and temporal variation, isotopic variability was a function of proportion of live mussels present and tissue type. Isotopic differences were also spatially discrete, possibly reflecting variations in the underlying carbon source at the two sites. Low mussel δ13C values (∼−63‰) are consistent with a dependence on microbial methane. However, MixSIAR results revealed mixotrophy for mussels at both sites, implying a reliance on a mixture of methane and phytoplankton-derived particulate organic material. The mixing model results also reveal population density-driven patterns, suggesting that resource use is a function of live mussel abundance. Mussel isotopes differed by tissue type, with gill having the lowest δ15N values relative to muscle and mantle tissues. Based on mass balance equations, up to 79% of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the pore fluids within the anaerobic oxidation of the methane zone is derived from methane and available to fuel upper slope deep-sea communities, such as fishes (Dysommina rugosa and Symphurus nebulosus), echinoderms (Odontaster robustus, Echinus wallisi, and Gracilechinus affinis), and shrimp, (Alvinocaris markensis). The presence of these seeps thereby increases the overall trophic and community diversity of the USAM continental slope. Given the presence of hundreds of seeps within the region, primary production at seeps may serve as an important, yet unquantified, energy source to the USAM deep-sea environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.002","usgsCitation":"Demopoulos, A., McClain Counts, J., Bourque, J.R., Prouty, N.G., Smith, B., Brooke, S., Ross, S., and Ruppel, C., 2019, Examination of Bathymodiolus childressi nutritional sources, isotopic niches, and food-web linkages at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin using stable isotope analysis and mixing models: Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 148, p. 53-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.002.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-102400","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2019.04.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92KEVAT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Stable isotopic insights into Bathymodiolus childressi at two seeps in the US Atlantic margin, data release"},{"id":364051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -72.630615234375,\n 34.45221847282654\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 39.41922073655956\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -77.255859375,\n 34.379712580462204\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demopoulos, Amanda 0000-0003-2096-4694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-4694","contributorId":215717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demopoulos","given":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClain Counts, Jennifer 0000-0002-3383-5472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-5472","contributorId":215718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClain Counts","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bourque, Jill R. 0000-0003-3809-2601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3809-2601","contributorId":215719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourque","given":"Jill","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":215720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Brian 0000-0002-0531-0492","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0492","contributorId":215722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooke, Sandra","contributorId":150169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooke","given":"Sandra","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":41134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve W.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ruppel, Carolyn 0000-0003-2284-6632 cruppel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-6632","contributorId":215721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"Carolyn","email":"cruppel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70203628,"text":"70203628 - 2019 - North-facing slopes and elevation shape asymmetric genetic structure in the range-restricted salamander Plethodon shenandoah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T11:55:12","indexId":"70203628","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T11:54:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North-facing slopes and elevation shape asymmetric genetic structure in the range-restricted salamander Plethodon shenandoah","docAbstract":"Species with narrow environmental preferences are often distributed across fragmented patches of suitable habitat, and dispersal among subpopulations can be difficult to directly observe. Genetic data collected at population centers can help quantify gene flow, which is especially important for vulnerable species with a disjunct range. Plethodon shenandoah is a Federally Endangered salamander known only from three mountaintops in Virginia, USA. To reconstruct the evolutionary history and population connectivity of this species, we generated both mitochondrial and nuclear data using sequence capture for all three populations and found strong population structure that was independent of geographic distance. Both the nuclear markers and mitochondrial genome indicated a deep split between the most southern population and the combined central and northern population. Although there was some mitochondrial haplotype-splitting between the central and northern populations, there was complete admixture in nuclear markers. This is indicative of either a recent split or current male-biased dispersal among mountain isolates. Models of landscape resistance found that dispersal across north-facing slopes at mid-elevation levels best explain the observed genetic structure among populations. These unexpected results highlight the importance of landscape features in understanding and predicting movement and fragmentation of salamanders across space.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5064","usgsCitation":"Mulder, K., Cortes-Rodriguez, N., Brand, A.B., Campbell Grant, E.H., and Fleischer, R.C., 2019, North-facing slopes and elevation shape asymmetric genetic structure in the range-restricted salamander Plethodon shenandoah: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 9, p. 5094-5105, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5094","endPage":"5105","ipdsId":"IP-102918","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulder, KP","contributorId":215882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulder","given":"KP","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cortes-Rodriguez, Nandadevi","contributorId":215883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cortes-Rodriguez","given":"Nandadevi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36858,"text":"Smithsonian","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Adrianne B. 0000-0003-2664-0041 abrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2664-0041","contributorId":3352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"Adrianne","email":"abrand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fleischer, Robert C.","contributorId":127479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleischer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7035,"text":"Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203554,"text":"70203554 - 2019 - Monitoring the Riverine Pulse: Applying high-frequency nitrate data to advance integrative understanding of biogeochemical and hydrological processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-23T07:29:18","indexId":"70203554","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T09:48:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5067,"text":"WIREs Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the Riverine Pulse: Applying high-frequency nitrate data to advance integrative understanding of biogeochemical and hydrological processes","docAbstract":"Widespread deployment of sensors that measure river nitrate (NO3-) concentrations has led to many recent publications in water resources journals including review papers focused on data quality assurance, improved load calculations, and better nutrient management. The principal objective of this paper is to review and synthesize studies of high-frequency NO3- data that have aimed to improve understanding of the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes underlying episodic, diel, and long-term stream NO3- dynamics. Investigations have provided unprecedented detail on hysteresis and flushing patterns during high flow, seasonal variation during baseflow, and responses to multi-year climate variation. Analyses of high-frequency data have led to notable advances in understanding how climate variation affects spatial and temporal NO3- patterns, especially dry-wet cycles and antecedent moisture. Further advances have been limited by few investigations that include high-frequency measurements outside the channel and the short duration of many records. High-frequency data for multiple constituents have provided new insight to the relative roles of hydrology and biogeochemistry as highlighted by studies of the roles of autotrophic uptake, denitrification, riparian evapotranspiration, and temperature-driven changes in viscosity as drivers of diel patterns. Comparisons of short-duration high-frequency data with long-duration low frequency data have described similarities and differences in concentration – discharge patterns and highlighted the role of legacy stores. Investigators have applied innovative analysis approaches not previously possible with low-frequency or temporally-irregular data. Future availability of long-duration high-frequency data will provide new insight to processes, resulting in improved conceptual models and a deeper understanding of the role of climate variation.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wat2.1348","usgsCitation":"Burns, D., Pellerin, B., Miller, M.P., Capel, P., Tesoriero, A.J., and Duncan, J.M., 2019, Monitoring the Riverine Pulse: Applying high-frequency nitrate data to advance integrative understanding of biogeochemical and hydrological processes: WIREs Water, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1348.","productDescription":"24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-102881","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1348","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":202943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pellerin, Brian A. 0000-0003-3712-7884","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3712-7884","contributorId":204324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellerin","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Capel, Paul 0000-0003-1020-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-5185","contributorId":215743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tesoriero, Anthony J. 0000-0003-4674-7364 tesorier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-7364","contributorId":2693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"Anthony","email":"tesorier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duncan, Jonathan M.","contributorId":207569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":763128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203402,"text":"70203402 - 2019 - Peak ground displacement saturates exactly when expected: Implications for earthquake early warning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-22T14:25:52","indexId":"70203402","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T09:27:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peak ground displacement saturates exactly when expected: Implications for earthquake early warning","docAbstract":"The scaling of rupture properties with magnitude is of critical importance to earthquake early warning (EEW) systems that rely on source characterization using limited snapshots of waveform data. ShakeAlert, a prototype EEW system that is being developed for the western United States, provides real-time estimates of earthquake magnitude based on P-wave peak ground displacements measured at stations triggered by the event. The algorithms used in ShakeAlert assume that the displacement measurements at each station are statistically independent and that there exists a linear and time-independent relation between log peak ground displacement and earthquake magnitude. Here we challenge this basic assumption using a comprehensive database of more than 130,000 vertical component waveforms from M4.5-M9 earthquakes occurring near Japan from 1997 through 2017 and recorded by the K-NET and KiK-net strong-motion networks. By analyzing the time-evolution of P-wave peak ground displacements for these earthquakes, we show that there is a break, or saturation, in the magnitude-displacement scaling that depends on the length of the measurement time window. We demonstrate that the magnitude at which this saturation occurs is well-explained by a simple and non-deterministic model of earthquake rupture growth. We then use the predictions of this saturation model to develop a Bayesian framework for estimating posterior uncertainties in real-time magnitude estimates which incorporates the expected time-dependence of the peak displacement measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB017093","usgsCitation":"Trugman, D.T., Page, M.T., Minson, S.E., and Cochran, E.S., 2019, Peak ground displacement saturates exactly when expected: Implications for earthquake early warning: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 124, no. 5, p. 4642-4653, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB017093.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4642","endPage":"4653","ipdsId":"IP-103663","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb017093","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 128.2763671875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n 130.3857421875,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n 141.8115234375,\n 35.496456056584165\n ],\n [\n 142.734375,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n 146.42578125,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n 144.84375,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n 141.6796875,\n 45.82879925192134\n ],\n [\n 140.9765625,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n 138.9111328125,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n 138.9111328125,\n 38.238180119798635\n ],\n [\n 130.166015625,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n 128.2763671875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trugman, Daniel T.","contributorId":197011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trugman","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":762534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Morgan T. 0000-0001-9321-2990 mpage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-2990","contributorId":3762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Morgan","email":"mpage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E. 0000-0001-5869-3477 sminson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3477","contributorId":5357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah","email":"sminson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochran, Elizabeth S. 0000-0003-2485-4484 ecochran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-4484","contributorId":2025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochran","given":"Elizabeth","email":"ecochran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70203135,"text":"70203135 - 2019 - Modelling development of riparian ranchlands using ecosystem services at the Aravaipa Watershed, SE Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T08:26:17","indexId":"70203135","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T08:12:12","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2596,"text":"Land","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling development of riparian ranchlands using ecosystem services at the Aravaipa Watershed, SE Arizona","docAbstract":"This paper describes how subdivision and development of rangelands within a remote and celebrated semiarid watershed near the US-Mexico border might affect multiple ecohydrological services provided, such as recharge of the aquifer, water and sediment yield, water quality, flow rates and downstream cultural and natural resources. Specifically, we apply an uncalibrated watershed model and land-change forecasting scenario to consider the potential effects of converting rangelands to housing developments and document potential changes in hydrological ecosystem services. A new method to incorporate weather data in watershed modelling is introduced. Results of introducing residential development in this fragile arid environment portray changes in the water budget, including increases in surface-water runoff, water yield, and total sediment loading. Our findings also predict slight reductions in lateral soil water, a component of the water budget that is increasingly becoming recognized as critical to maintaining water availability in arid regions. We discuss how the proposed development on shrub/scrub rangelands could threaten to sever imperative ecohydrological interactions and impact multiple ecosystem services. This research highlights rangeland management issues important for the protection of open-space, economic valuation of rangeland ecosystem services, conservation easements, and incentives to develop markets for these.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/land8040064","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Villarreal, M.L., Niraula, R., Haberstich, M., and Wilson, N., 2019, Modelling development of riparian ranchlands using ecosystem services at the Aravaipa Watershed, SE Arizona: Land, v. 8, no. 4, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/land8040064.","productDescription":"21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104937","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land8040064","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363164,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.25,31 ], [ -111.25,33 ], [ -109,33 ], [ -109,31 ], [ -111.25,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura","contributorId":214979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villarreal, Miguel L. 0000-0003-0720-1422 mvillarreal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-1422","contributorId":1424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villarreal","given":"Miguel","email":"mvillarreal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haberstich, Mark","contributorId":214981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haberstich","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39150,"text":"The Nature Conservancy, Aravaipa Canyon Preserve, Willcox, AZ 85643","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Natalie R. 0000-0001-5145-1221 nrwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-1221","contributorId":214982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie","email":"nrwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70204537,"text":"70204537 - 2019 - Detecting signals of large‐scale climate phenomena in discharge and nutrient loads in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T09:17:26","indexId":"70204537","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-16T07:24:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting signals of large‐scale climate phenomena in discharge and nutrient loads in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin","docAbstract":"

Agricultural runoff from the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin delivers nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the Gulf of Mexico, causing hypoxia, and climate drives interannual variation in nutrient loads. Climate phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation may influence nutrient export through effects on river flow, nutrient uptake, or biogeochemical transformation, but landscape variation at smaller spatial scales can mask climate signals in load or discharge time series within large river networks. We used multivariate autoregressive state‐space modeling to investigate climate signals in the long‐term record (1979–2014) of discharge, N, P, and SiO2 loads at three nested spatial scales within the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin. We detected significant signals of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and land‐surface temperature anomalies in N loads but not discharge, SiO2, or P, suggesting that large‐scale climate phenomena contribute to interannual variation in nutrient loads through biogeochemical mechanisms beyond simple discharge‐load relationships.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2018GL081166","usgsCitation":"Smits, A.P., Ruffing, C.M., Royer, T.V., Appling, A.P., Griffiths, N.A., Bellmore, R., Scheuerell, M., Harms, T., and Jones, J.B., 2019, Detecting signals of large‐scale climate phenomena in discharge and nutrient loads in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 46, no. 7, p. 3791-3801, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081166.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3791","endPage":"3801","ipdsId":"IP-093030","costCenters":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081166","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.801513671875,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -88.48388671874999,\n 28.8831596093235\n ],\n [\n -88.48388671874999,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -92.801513671875,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -92.801513671875,\n 28.8831596093235\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smits, Adrianne P 0000-0001-9967-5419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9967-5419","contributorId":217759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smits","given":"Adrianne","email":"","middleInitial":"P","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruffing, Claire M","contributorId":217760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruffing","given":"Claire","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36972,"text":"University of British Columbia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royer, Todd V","contributorId":217761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Royer","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[{"id":37145,"text":"Indiana University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Appling, Alison P. 0000-0003-3638-8572 aappling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-8572","contributorId":150595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appling","given":"Alison","email":"aappling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffiths, Natalie A. 0000-0003-0068-7714","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0068-7714","contributorId":211188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37070,"text":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bellmore, Rebecca","contributorId":217762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellmore","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":39693,"text":"Southeast Alaska Watershed Coalition","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scheuerell, Mark D","contributorId":217763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheuerell","given":"Mark D","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harms, Tamara K","contributorId":217764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harms","given":"Tamara K","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":767459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jones, Jack B.","contributorId":65788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Jack","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":767460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70203055,"text":"70203055 - 2019 - Three-dimensional partitioning of resources by congeneric forest predators with recent sympatry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-16T10:18:15","indexId":"70203055","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-15T08:13:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional partitioning of resources by congeneric forest predators with recent sympatry","docAbstract":"Coexistence of ecologically similar species can be maintained by partitioning along one or more niche axes. Three-dimensional structural complexity is central to facilitating resource partitioning between many forest species, but is underrepresented in field-based studies. We examined resource selection by sympatric northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), a threatened species under the US Endangered Species Act, and nonnative barred owls (S. varia) in western Oregon, USA to explore the relative importance of canopy heterogeneity, vertical complexity of forest, and abiotic features to resource selection and identify potential differences that may facilitate long-term coexistence. We predicted that within home range selection of understory densities, measured with airborne lidar, would differ between species based on proportional differences in arboreal and terrestrial prey taken by each owl species. We used discrete choice models and telemetry data from 41 spotted owls and 38 barred owls monitored during 2007–2009 and 2012–2015. Our results suggested that while both species used tall canopy areas more often than low canopy areas, spotted owls were more commonly found in areas with lower tree cover, more developed understory, and steeper slopes. This is the first evidence of\nfine-scale partitioning based on structural forest properties by northern spotted owls and barred owls.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-42426-0","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, J.M., Lesmeister, D.B., Wiens, D., Kane, J.T., Kane, V.R., and Verschuyl, J.V., 2019, Three-dimensional partitioning of resources by congeneric forest predators with recent sympatry: Scientific Reports, v. 9, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42426-0.","productDescription":"Article 6036; 10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-099120","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42426-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 43.265206318396025\n ],\n [\n -123.42041015624999,\n 43.265206318396025\n ],\n [\n -123.42041015624999,\n 43.872158236415416\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 43.872158236415416\n ],\n [\n -124.21142578125,\n 43.265206318396025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Julianna M","contributorId":214850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Julianna","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":36493,"text":"USDA Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesmeister, Damon B. 0000-0003-1102-0122","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-0122","contributorId":205006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lesmeister","given":"Damon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37019,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiens, David 0000-0002-2020-038X jwiens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-038X","contributorId":167538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"David","email":"jwiens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jonathan T","contributorId":214851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":39124,"text":"University of Washington, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kane, Van R.","contributorId":194879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Van","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Verschuyl, Jake V","contributorId":207280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verschuyl","given":"Jake","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70215426,"text":"70215426 - 2019 - Integrating fish assemblage data, modeled stream temperatures, and thermal tolerance metrics to develop thermal guilds for water temperature regulation: Wyoming case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-20T15:02:00.988058","indexId":"70215426","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-13T09:55:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating fish assemblage data, modeled stream temperatures, and thermal tolerance metrics to develop thermal guilds for water temperature regulation: Wyoming case study","docAbstract":"

Many streams are experiencing increased average temperatures due to anthropogenic activity and climate change. As a result, surface water temperature regulation is critical for preserving a diverse stream fish species assemblage. The development of temperature regulations has generally been based on laboratory measurements of individual species' thermal tolerances rather than community response to temperature in the field, despite multiple limitations of using laboratory data for this purpose. Using field data to develop temperature regulations may avoid some of the limitations of laboratory data, but the use of field data comes with additional challenges that prevent its widespread adoption. We used Wyoming stream fish assemblages as a case study to examine the feasibility of addressing the limitations of field and laboratory data through a hybrid approach that integrates both types of data to classify species into thermal guilds that can potentially inform regulatory standards. We identified coldwater, coolwater, and warmwater classes of sites with modeled mean August temperatures of <15.5, 15.5–19.9, and >19.9°C, respectively. We used species' associations with these temperature classes to place species into site‐groups. Finally, we used standardized laboratory measures of species' upper acute and chronic thermal tolerances to identify and reclassify species with unusual thermal distributions. Through this process we classified species into five thermal guilds that may be useful for surface water temperature regulation in Wyoming. Our approach addresses the limitations identified for field and laboratory data and demonstrates a framework that could be used for incorporating multiple types of data to develop temperature standards.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10169","usgsCitation":"Mandeville, C.P., Rahel, F.J., Patterson, L.S., and Walters, A.W., 2019, Integrating fish assemblage data, modeled stream temperatures, and thermal tolerance metrics to develop thermal guilds for water temperature regulation: Wyoming case study: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 148, no. 4, p. 739-754, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10169.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"754","ipdsId":"IP-098236","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":379546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 44.933696389694674\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandeville, Caitlin P. 0000-0002-1361-607X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-607X","contributorId":243378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rahel, Frank J.","contributorId":171824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rahel","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":802165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson, Lindsay S.","contributorId":243379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":48707,"text":"Wyoming Dept of Environmental Quality","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":802166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walters, Annika W. 0000-0002-8638-6682 awalters@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-6682","contributorId":4190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Annika","email":"awalters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":802167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70217883,"text":"70217883 - 2019 - A framework for characterising and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-09T13:22:03.223877","indexId":"70217883","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-13T07:20:32","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for characterising and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental modelling","docAbstract":"

Environmental modelling is transitioning from the traditional paradigm that focuses on the model and its quantitative performance to a more holistic paradigm that recognises successful model-based outcomes are closely tied to undertaking modelling as a social process, not just as a technical procedure. This paper redefines evaluation as a multi-dimensional and multi-perspective concept, and proposes a more complete framework for identifying and measuring the effectiveness of modelling that serves the new paradigm. Under this framework, evaluation considers a broader set of success criteria, and emphasises the importance of contextual factors in determining the relevance and outcome of the criteria. These evaluation criteria are grouped into eight categories: project efficiency, model accessibility, credibility, saliency, legitimacy, satisfaction, application, and impact. Evaluation should be part of an iterative and adaptive process that attempts to improve model-based outcomes and foster pathways to better futures.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.04.008","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.H., Fu, B., Guillaume, J., Badham, J., Elsawah, S., Gober, P., Hunt, R., Iwanaga, T., Jakeman, A.J., Ames, D.P., Curtis, A., Hill, M.C., Pierce, S.A., and Zare, F., 2019, A framework for characterising and evaluating the effectiveness of environmental modelling: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 118, p. 83-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.04.008.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"98","ipdsId":"IP-102391","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.04.008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Serena H","contributorId":248834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Serena","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":50035,"text":"School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fu, Baihua 0000-0003-2494-0518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-0518","contributorId":174165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fu","given":"Baihua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guillaume, Joseph H. A.","contributorId":248835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guillaume","given":"Joseph H. A.","affiliations":[{"id":50037,"text":"Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Badham, Jennifer","contributorId":248836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Badham","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50038,"text":"Queens University, Belfast BT9 7BK, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Elsawah, Sondoss","contributorId":146686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elsawah","given":"Sondoss","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gober, Patricia","contributorId":248837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gober","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50039,"text":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":16118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":810036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Iwanaga, Takuya","contributorId":248838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iwanaga","given":"Takuya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50040,"text":"Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jakeman, Anthony J. 0000-0001-5282-2215","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5282-2215","contributorId":173848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakeman","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17939,"text":"The Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ames, Daniel P.","contributorId":204468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ames","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":6681,"text":"Brigham Young University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Curtis, Allan","contributorId":248839,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curtis","given":"Allan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50041,"text":"Charles Sturt University, Albury-Wodonga, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hill, Mary C","contributorId":248840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":50042,"text":"University of Kansas, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pierce, Suzanne A","contributorId":191335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pierce","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":810042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zare, Fateme","contributorId":248841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zare","given":"Fateme","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":50040,"text":"Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":810043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70204568,"text":"70204568 - 2019 - The rise of an apex predator following deglaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-19T13:39:34","indexId":"70204568","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-11T10:43:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rise of an apex predator following deglaciation","docAbstract":"

Aim

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are an apex predator of the nearshore marine community and nearly went extinct at the turn of the 20th century. Reintroductions and legal protection allowed sea otters to re‐colonize much of their former range. Our objective was to chronicle the colonization of this apex predator in Glacier Bay, Alaska, to help understand the mechanisms that governed their successful colonization.

Location

Glacier Bay is a tidewater glacier fjord in southeastern Alaska that was entirely covered by glaciers in the mid‐18th century. Since then, it has endured the fastest tidewater glacier retreat in recorded history.

Methods

We collected and analysed several data sets, spanning 20 years, to document the spatio‐temporal dynamics of an apex predator expanding into an area where they were formerly absent. We used novel quantitative tools to model the occupancy, abundance and colonization dynamics of sea otters, while accounting for uncertainty in the data collection process, the ecological process and model parameters.

Results

Twenty years after sea otters were first observed colonizing Glacier Bay, they became one of the most abundant and widely distributed marine mammal. The population grew exponentially at a rate of 20% per year. They colonized Glacier Bay at a maximum rate of 6 km per year, with faster colonization rates occurring early in the colonization process. During colonization, sea otters selected shallow areas, close to shore, with a steep bottom slope, and a relatively simple shoreline complexity index.

Main conclusions

The growth and expansion of sea otters in Glacier Bay demonstrate how legal protection and translocation of apex predators can facilitate their successful establishment into a community in which they were formerly absent. The success of sea otters was, in part, a consequence of habitat that was left largely unperturbed by humans for the past 250 years. Further, sea otters and other marine predators, whose distribution is limited by ice, have the potential to expand in distribution and abundance, reshaping future marine communities in the wake of deglaciation and global loss of sea ice.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12908","usgsCitation":"Hooten, M., and Esslinger, G.G., 2019, The rise of an apex predator following deglaciation: Diversity and Distributions, v. 25, no. 6, p. 895-908, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12908.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"908","ipdsId":"IP-085724","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460409,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12908","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -137.779541015625,\n 58.82511777083639\n ],\n [\n -134.7802734375,\n 56.23724470041031\n ],\n [\n -133.87939453125,\n 57.314657355733274\n ],\n [\n -134.593505859375,\n 57.92068300017787\n ],\n [\n -136.12060546875,\n 59.2377959767454\n ],\n [\n -137.779541015625,\n 58.82511777083639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooten, Mevin 0000-0002-1614-723X mhooten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":2958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"mhooten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12963,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203037,"text":"70203037 - 2019 - Three-dimensional basin and fault structure from a detailed seismic velocity model of Coachella Valley, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-23T13:32:02","indexId":"70203037","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-11T09:50:02","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional basin and fault structure from a detailed seismic velocity model of Coachella Valley, Southern California","docAbstract":"The Coachella Valley in the northern Salton Trough is known to produce destructive earthquakes, making it a high seismic hazard area. Knowledge of the seismic velocity structure and geometry of the sedimentary basins and fault zones is required to improve earthquake hazard estimates in this region. We simultaneously inverted first P wave travel times from the Southern California Seismic Network (39,998 local earthquakes) and explosions (251 land/sea shots) from the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project to obtain a 3-D seismic velocity model. Earthquakes with focal depths ≤10 km were selected to focus on the upper crustal structure. Strong lateral velocity contrasts in the top ~3 km correlate well with the surface geology, including the low-velocity (<5 km/s) sedimentary basin and the high-velocity crystalline basement rocks outside the valley. Sediment thickness is ~4 km in the southeastern valley near the Salton Sea and decreases to <2 km at the northwestern end of the valley. Eastward thickening of sediments toward the San Andreas fault within the valley defines Coachella Valley basin asymmetry. In the Peninsular Ranges, zones of relatively high seismic velocities (~6.4 km/s) between 2 to 4 km depth may be related to Late Cretaceous mylonite rocks or older inherited basement structures. Other high-velocity domains exist in the model down to 9 km depth and help define crustal heterogeneity. We identify a potential fault zone in Lost Horse Valley unassociated with mapped faults in Southern California from the combined interpretation of surface geology, seismicity, and lateral velocity changes in the model.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JB016260","usgsCitation":"Ajala, R., Persaud, P., Stock, J.M., Fuis, G.S., Hole, J.A., Goldman, M., and Scheirer, D.S., 2019, Three-dimensional basin and fault structure from a detailed seismic velocity model of Coachella Valley, Southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 124, no. 5, p. 4728-4750, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016260.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4728","endPage":"4750","ipdsId":"IP-098981","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016260","text":"External Repository"},{"id":362944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.4276123046875,\n 33.27543541298162\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 33.27543541298162\n ],\n [\n -115.6805419921875,\n 33.81110228864701\n ],\n [\n -116.4276123046875,\n 33.81110228864701\n ],\n [\n -116.4276123046875,\n 33.27543541298162\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ajala, Rasheed 0000-0001-5650-8362","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-8362","contributorId":214826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ajala","given":"Rasheed","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Persaud, Patricia","contributorId":175210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Persaud","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13711,"text":"Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stock, Joann M.","contributorId":198445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stock","given":"Joann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":204656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hole, John A.","contributorId":198446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hole","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goldman, Mark 0000-0002-0802-829X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":205863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scheirer, Daniel S. 0000-0001-8015-7072 dscheirer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8015-7072","contributorId":214825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheirer","given":"Daniel","email":"dscheirer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203170,"text":"70203170 - 2019 - Environmental DNA sampling reveals high occupancy rates of invasive Burmese pythons at wading bird breeding aggregations in the central Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-04T14:54:34","indexId":"70203170","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-10T16:38:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA sampling reveals high occupancy rates of invasive Burmese pythons at wading bird breeding aggregations in the central Everglades","docAbstract":"

The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is now established as a breeding population throughout south Florida, USA. However, the extent of the invasion, and the ecological impacts of this novel apex predator on animal communities are incompletely known, in large part because Burmese pythons (hereafter “pythons”) are extremely cryptic and there has been no efficient way to detect them. Pythons are recently confirmed nest predators of long-legged wading bird breeding colonies (orders Ciconiiformes and Pelecaniformes). Pythons can consume large quantities of prey and may not be recognized as predators by wading birds, therefore they could be a particular threat to colonies. To quantify python occupancy rates at tree islands where wading birds breed, we utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis—a genetic tool which detects shed DNA in water samples and provides high detection probabilities. We fitted multi-scale Bayesian occupancy models to test the prediction that pythons occupy islands with wading bird colonies at higher rates compared to representative control islands containing no breeding birds. Our results suggest that pythons are widely distributed across the central Everglades in proximity to active wading bird colonies. In support of our prediction that pythons are attracted to colonies, site-level python eDNA occupancy rates were higher at wading bird colonies (ψ = 0.88, 95% credible interval [0.59–1.00]) than at the control islands (ψ = 0.42 [0.16–0.80]) in April through June (n = 15 colony-control pairs). We found our water temperature proxy (time of day) to be informative of detection probability, in accordance with other studies demonstrating an effect of temperature on eDNA degradation in occupied samples. Individual sample concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 38.29 copies/μL and we generally detected higher concentrations of python eDNA in colony sites. Continued monitoring of wading bird colonies is warranted to determine the effect pythons are having on populations and investigate putative management activities.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0213943","usgsCitation":"Orzechowski, S.C., Frederick, P.C., Dorazio, R., and Hunter, M., 2019, Environmental DNA sampling reveals high occupancy rates of invasive Burmese pythons at wading bird breeding aggregations in the central Everglades: PLoS ONE, v. 14, no. 4, e0213943; 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213943.","productDescription":"e0213943; 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-104085","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467710,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213943","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FKPZMB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Burmese python environmental DNA data, and environmental covariates, collected from wading bird aggregations and control sites in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, United States, in 2017"},{"id":363212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.75750732421875,\n 27.23753666659069\n ],\n [\n -80.80169677734375,\n 27.23753666659069\n ],\n [\n -80.80169677734375,\n 28.29954416560909\n ],\n [\n -81.75750732421875,\n 28.29954416560909\n ],\n [\n -81.75750732421875,\n 27.23753666659069\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orzechowski, Sophia C. M.","contributorId":215039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orzechowski","given":"Sophia","email":"","middleInitial":"C. M.","affiliations":[{"id":39161,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frederick, Peter C.","contributorId":215042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frederick","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":39161,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":215040,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert M.","affiliations":[{"id":39162,"text":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":215041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201911,"text":"sir20185171 - 2019 - Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Best Management Practice Implementation in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985–2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-11T17:04:09","indexId":"sir20185171","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-10T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5171","displayTitle":"Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Best Management Practice Implementation in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985–2014","title":"Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Best Management Practice Implementation in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1985–2014","docAbstract":"

Efforts to restore water quality in Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries often include extensive Best Management Practice (BMP) implementation on agricultural and developed lands. These BMPs include a variety of methods to reduce nutrient and sediment loads, such as cover crops, conservation tillage, urban filtering systems, and other practices.

Estimates of BMP implementation throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed were provided for each year from 1985 through 2014 by the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP). This dataset of BMP implementation is a compilation of actions reported by New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, and the District of Columbia, and includes a wide array of management activities. Management actions vary among the jurisdictions and generally reflect the typical land use in each region.

The amount of implementation also varies according to different priorities, reporting practices, and special programs within each jurisdiction. For example, extensive cover crop implementation was reported in Maryland whereas Pennsylvania, in general, has lower levels of BMP implementation reported on cropland. Pennsylvania and Maryland have higher levels of infiltration BMPs on developed land compared to those in Virginia.

Conservation tillage BMPs accounted for the majority of reported agricultural BMP implementation in 1985. By 2014, however, a more diverse collection of agricultural BMPs was reported and conservation tillage BMPs accounted for a smaller proportion of overall reported agricultural BMP implementation. After the year 2000, land-use change BMPs, such as land retirement, pasture fencing, and forest buffers, were more commonly reported across the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

Expected changes in nutrient and sediment loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed due to BMP implementation were estimated by use of specially designed annual scenarios of the CBP Partnership Phase 5.3.2 Watershed Model. Nitrogen loads to streams were estimated to be reduced by 11 percent from 1985 to 2014 due to the implementation of BMPs. Compared with 1985, phosphorus loads were estimated to be 19 percent lower and sediment loads were estimated to be 23 percent lower by 2014 due to the effects of BMPs.

Reductions in total nitrogen from 1985 to 2014 due to BMPs varied spatially across the watershed and were estimated to be as high as 42 percent in areas of the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Reductions in phosphorus and sediment also varied spatially, with the largest reductions occurring in the Potomac watershed upstream of Washington, D.C. and the Eastern Shore of Maryland, according to the CBP model results.

Additional model scenarios were developed to estimate the effect of individual BMP types. The largest estimated reductions in total nitrogen loads on agricultural lands in 2014 were attributed to land retirement, animal waste management systems, and conservation tillage. The largest estimated reductions in total phosphorus loads on agricultural lands were attributed to animal waste management systems, pasture fencing, and phytase feed additives in 2014. The largest estimated reduction in total sediment loads on agricultural lands was attributed to conservation tillage, pasture fencing, and conservation plans.

Dry ponds, wet ponds, and constructed wetlands were reported extensively throughout the watershed. These BMPs accounted for about half of the reduction in nitrogen loads from developed land to streams, half of the phosphorus reduction, and about a third of the sediment reduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185171","collaboration":" ","usgsCitation":"Sekellick, A.J., Devereux, O.H., Keisman, J.L.D., Sweeney, J.S., and Blomquist, J.D., 2019, Spatial and temporal patterns of Best Management Practice implementation in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, 1985–2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5171, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185171.","productDescription":"vii, 25 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-084330","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362890,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OVU9PX","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Estimated effect of best management practice implementation on water quality in the Chesapeake Bay watershed from 1985 to 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Director, MD-DE-DC Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5522 Research Park Drive
Baltimore, MD 21228

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-04-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sekellick, Andrew J. 0000-0002-0440-7655 ajsekell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-7655","contributorId":4125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sekellick","given":"Andrew","email":"ajsekell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H. 0000-0002-3911-3307","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-3307","contributorId":198108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keisman, Jennifer L. 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D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sweeney, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":212334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweeney","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blomquist, Joel D. 0000-0002-0140-6534 jdblomqu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-6534","contributorId":197860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blomquist","given":"Joel","email":"jdblomqu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203014,"text":"70203014 - 2019 - A landscape model of variable social-ecological fire regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:26:21","indexId":"70203014","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-10T10:09:30","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landscape model of variable social-ecological fire regimes","docAbstract":"Fire regimes are now recognized as the product of social processes whereby fire on any landscape is the product of human-generated drivers: climate change, historical patterns of vegetation manipulation, invasive species, active fire suppression, ongoing fuel management efforts, prescribed burning, and accidental ignitions. We developed a new fire model (Social-Climate Related Pyrogenic Processes and their Landscape Effects: SCRPPLE) that emphasizes the social dimensions of fire and enables simulation of fuel-treatment effects, fire suppression, and prescribed fires. Fire behavior was parameterized with daily fire weather, ignition, and fire-boundary data. SCRPPLE was initially parameterized and developed for the Lake Tahoe Basin (LTB) in California and Nevada, USA although its behavior is general and could be applied worldwide. We demonstrate the behavior and utility of our model via four simple scenarios that emphasize the social dimensions of fire regimes: a) Recent Historical: simulated recent historical patterns of lightning and accidental fires and current patterns of fire suppression, b) Natural-Fire-Regime: simulated wildfire without suppression, accidental fires, or prescribed fires, holding all other factors the same as Recent Historical, c) Enhanced Suppression: simulated a doubling of the effectiveness of suppression, holding all other factors the same as Recent Historical, and d) Reduced Accidental Ignitions: within which the number of accidental fires was reduced by half, holding all other factors the same as Recent Historical. Results indicate that SCRPPLE can recreate past fire regimes, including size, intensity, and locations. Furthermore, our results indicate that the ‘Enhanced Suppression’ and ‘Reduced Accidental Ignitions’ scenarios had similar capacity to reduce fire and related tree mortality over time, suggesting that within the broad outlines of the scenarios, reducing accidental fires can be as effective as substantially increasing resources for suppression.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.022","usgsCitation":"Scheller, R., Kretchun, A., Hawbaker, T., and Henne, P., 2019, A landscape model of variable social-ecological fire regimes: Ecological Modelling, v. 401, p. 85-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.022.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"93","ipdsId":"IP-101796","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.03.022","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362909,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.24810791015625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -119.85260009765624,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -119.85260009765624,\n 39.29604824402406\n ],\n [\n -120.24810791015625,\n 39.29604824402406\n ],\n [\n -120.24810791015625,\n 38.75408327579141\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"401","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scheller, Robert M","contributorId":147807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheller","given":"Robert M","affiliations":[{"id":16941,"text":"Environmental Science and Management Department, Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kretchun, Alec","contributorId":214789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kretchun","given":"Alec","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd","contributorId":214787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henne, Paul D. 0000-0003-1211-5545 phenne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-5545","contributorId":169166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henne","given":"Paul D.","email":"phenne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202017,"text":"ofr20181180 - 2019 - Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T15:51:15","indexId":"ofr20181180","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1180","displayTitle":"Optimizing Historical Preservation Under Climate Change—An Overview of the Optimal Preservation Model and Pilot Testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore","title":"Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore","docAbstract":"

Adapting cultural resources to climate-change effects challenges traditional cultural resource decision making because some adaptation strategies can negatively affect the integrity of cultural resources. Yet, the inevitability of climate-change effects—even given the uncertain timing of those effects—necessitates that managers begin prioritizing resources for climate-change adaptation. Prioritization imposes an additional management challenge: managers must make difficult tradeoffs to achieve desired management outcomes related to maximizing the resource values. This report provides an overview of a pilot effort to integrate vulnerability (exposure and sensitivity), significance, and use potential metrics in a decision framework—the Optimal Preservation (OptiPres) Model—to inform climate adaptation planning of a subset of buildings in historic districts (listed on the National Register of Historic Places) at Cape Lookout National Seashore. The OptiPres Model uses a numerical optimization algorithm to assess the timing and application of a portfolio of adaptation actions that could most effectively preserve an assortment of buildings associated with different histories, intended uses, and construction design and materials over a 30-year planning horizon. The outputs from the different budget scenarios, though not prescriptive, provide visualizations of and insights to the sequence and type of optimal actions and the changes to individual building resource values and accumulated resource values. Study findings suggest the OptiPres Model has planning utility related to fiscal efficiency by identifying a budget threshold necessary to maintain the historical significance and use potential of historical buildings while reducing vulnerability (collectively, the accumulated resource value). Specifically, findings identify that a minimum of the industry standard ($222,000 annually for the 17 buildings) is needed to maintain the current accumulated resource value. Additionally, results suggest that additional appropriations provided on regular intervals when annual appropriations are at the industry standard are nearly as efficient as annual appropriations at twice the rate of industry standards and increase the amount of accumulated resource values to nearly the same level. However, periodic increases in funding may increase the risks posed to buildings from the probability of a natural hazard (that is, damage or loss from a hurricane). Suggestions for model refinements include developing standardized cost estimations for adaptation actions based on square footage and building materials, developing metrics to quantify the historical integrity of buildings, integrating social values data, including additional objectives (such as public safety) in the model, refining vulnerability data and transforming the data to include risk assessment, and incorporating stochastic events (that is, hurricane and wind effects) into the model.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Seekamp, E., Post van der Burg, M., Fatorić, S., Eaton, M.J., Xiao, X., and McCreary, A., 2019, Optimizing historical preservation under climate change—An overview of the optimal preservation model and pilot testing at Cape Lookout National Seashore: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1180, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181180.","productDescription":"vii, 46 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-096582","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1180/ofr20181180.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1180"},{"id":362668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1180/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Lookout National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.66397094726562,\n 34.699848377328934\n ],\n [\n -76.67770385742188,\n 34.67274685882317\n ],\n [\n -76.53213500976562,\n 34.557466483188996\n ],\n [\n -76.02264404296875,\n 35.06147690849717\n ],\n [\n -76.0638427734375,\n 35.09519259251624\n ],\n [\n -76.53076171875,\n 34.66597009307397\n ],\n [\n -76.66397094726562,\n 34.699848377328934\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

National Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 516
Reston, VA 20192
Email: casc@usgs.gov

","tableOfContents":"","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2019-04-09","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seekamp, Erin","contributorId":212832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seekamp","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13595,"text":"NCSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post van der Burg, Max 0000-0002-3943-4194 maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-4194","contributorId":4947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post van der Burg","given":"Max","email":"maxpostvanderburg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fatoric, Sandra","contributorId":212834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fatoric","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13595,"text":"NCSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333 meaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":169429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","email":"meaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Xiao, Xiao","contributorId":212835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xiao","given":"Xiao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13595,"text":"NCSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCreary, Allie","contributorId":212836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCreary","given":"Allie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13595,"text":"NCSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":756707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70227747,"text":"70227747 - 2019 - Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) survival and site fidelity in an area undergoing shale gas development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-28T15:45:42.288767","indexId":"70227747","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T09:40:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) survival and site fidelity in an area undergoing shale gas development","title":"Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) survival and site fidelity in an area undergoing shale gas development","docAbstract":"

We quantified Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) site fidelity and apparent survival across a 6 year period in an area undergoing shale gas development.Waterthrush initially exhibited high site fidelity that declined over time. At the same time, the number of unpaired males defending territories increased as did natal fidelity. We identified site fidelity factors that influenced if adult males and females returned. More males returned either due to or regardless of amount of shale gas disturbance and lower riparian habitat quality. Females were less likely to return with increased number of breeding attempts. Females in shale gas disturbed areas had a higher number of breeding attempts and lower individual productivity. We saw a general nonsignificant trend in declining apparent survival over time. Overall apparent survival estimates for adult males (0.56) and females (0.44) were similar to those reported for other populations. Apparent survival candidate models suggested weak, positive relationships of increased survival with shale gas territory disturbance, disturbance with year, and year for adult males, and a positive relationship of increased survival with hydraulic fracturing runoff for adult females although regression coefficients overlapped zero for all model-supported covariates implying no statistical significance. Since waterthrush can maintain pair bonds from the previous year and females must pick a nest site within the defended male's territory, there are potential conflicts between factors that influence adult survival and site fidelity that may affect long-term population persistence. Our study adds to previous evidence that shale gas disturbed areas may serve as sink habitats.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/18-6","usgsCitation":"Frantz, M.W., Wood, P.B., Sheehan, J., and George, G., 2019, Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) survival and site fidelity in an area undergoing shale gas development: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 84-95, https://doi.org/10.1676/18-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"95","ipdsId":"IP-090682","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Wetzel County","otherGeospatial":"Lewis Wetzel Wildlife Management Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.43407169253772\n ],\n [\n -80.57304382324219,\n 39.43407169253772\n ],\n [\n -80.57304382324219,\n 39.546941396253146\n ],\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.546941396253146\n ],\n [\n -80.71311950683594,\n 39.43407169253772\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frantz, Mack W.","contributorId":272515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frantz","given":"Mack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra B. 0000-0002-8575-1705 pbwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8575-1705","contributorId":199090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":272516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"George, Gregory","contributorId":272517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205074,"text":"70205074 - 2019 - Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T08:57:05","indexId":"70205074","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-09T08:55:49","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models","docAbstract":"Resource managers conduct landscape-level monitoring using environmental DNA (eDNA). These managers must contend with imperfect detection in samples and sub-samples (i.e., molecular analyses). This imperfect detection impacts their ability to both detect species and estimate occurrence. Although occurrence (synonymously occupancy) models can estimate these probabilities, most models and guidance for their application do not consider three levels. We studied this with three aims. First, we examined the number of samples required to detect a species at a site given imperfect detection. Second, we examined the ability of a three-level occurrence model to recover parameter estimates. Third, we examined the number of samples required to reliably recover parameter estimates. We found detecting eDNA in 1 sample at a site required 12 samples under most condition, but detection eDNA in situations that might be expected when looking for species at very low abundance required >50 samples. We found our occupancy model generally recovered known parameters unless detection and sample occurrence probabilities were <0.3. In these situations, >50 samples per site and 8 molecular replicates were required. Conversely, estimating and comparing occurrence and detection probabilities for species with moderate to high abundance may require 4 molecular replicates and 20-30 samples per site. More broadly, our findings illustrate the importance of study design, sample sizes, and molecular replicates for eDNA-based research, monitoring, and management.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4155","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R.A., Merkes, C.M., and Mize, E.L., 2019, Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 760-771, https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4155.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"760","endPage":"771","ipdsId":"IP-090372","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WRFUDQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs using three-level occurrence models: Data"},{"id":367044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":367042,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4155"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Richard A. 0000-0003-4649-482X rerickson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-482X","contributorId":5455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Richard","email":"rerickson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mize, Erica L.","contributorId":217242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mize","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":39581,"text":"Whitney Genetics Laboratory, Midwest Fisheries Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 555 Lester Avenue, Onalaska, WI USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203075,"text":"70203075 - 2019 - Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T11:42:08","indexId":"70203075","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-08T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5739,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","onlineIssn":"2169-9011","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery","docAbstract":"A 2.5-km3 debris avalanche during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens reset the fluvial landscape of upper North Fork Toutle River valley. Since then, a new drainage network has formed and evolved. Cross-section surveys repeated over nearly 40 years at 16 locations along a 20-km reach of river valley document channel evolution, geomorphic processes, and their impacts on sediment delivery. We analyzed spatial and temporal changes in channel morphology using two new metrics: 1) a shape index that defines the degree of U-shaped or V-shaped valley geometry; and 2) an alluvial phase-space diagram that relates bed degradation or aggradation between consecutive surveys to increases or decreases in cross-section area. Metric relations reveal more diverse channel evolution than originally described by a simple, linear-response model of sequential channel initiation and incision; aggradation and widening; and subsequent episodic scour and fill with little change in bed elevation. Instead, vertical and lateral adjustments have been crucial processes intertwined throughout channel evolution. Channel evolution has followed a distinctly nonlinear and non-sequential trajectory, migrating through several phase spaces and involving varied combinations of (1) degradation and aggradation with widening and narrowing, (2) bed-level fluctuations with little change in cross-section area, and (3) changes in cross-section area with little change of bed elevation. Persistent channel widening and reworking of the channel bed presently drive elevated sediment delivery from this basin. Elevated sediment delivery is likely to persist until valley-floor widths greatly exceed that of the channel-migration corridor, and/or channel banks and valley walls stabilize.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2018JF004843","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Zheng, S., Mosbrucker, A.R., Spicer, K.R., Christianson, T., and Thorne, C.R., 2019, Multidecadal geomorphic evolution of a profoundly disturbed gravel-bed river system—a complex, nonlinear response and its impact on sediment delivery: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 124, no. 5, p. 1281-1309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004843.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1281","endPage":"1309","ipdsId":"IP-100648","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jf004843","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YUFZJ6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of upper North Fork Toutle River near Mount St. Helens, based on 2006-2014 airborne lidar surveys"},{"id":437504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96B0IEC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevation models of Mount St. Helens crater and upper North Fork Toutle River basin, based on 1987 and 1999 airborne photogrammetry surveys"},{"id":363048,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington ","otherGeospatial":"North Fork Toutle River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.30697982530866\n ],\n [\n -122.68758773803711,\n 46.30697982530866\n ],\n [\n -122.68758773803711,\n 46.358775940085025\n ],\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.358775940085025\n ],\n [\n -122.7912712097168,\n 46.30697982530866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"124","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zheng, Shan 0000-0003-4595-9496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4595-9496","contributorId":214875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Shan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39129,"text":"Wuhan University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosbrucker, Adam R. 0000-0003-0298-0324 amosbrucker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-0324","contributorId":4968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosbrucker","given":"Adam","email":"amosbrucker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Christianson, Tami 0000-0002-6873-9229","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6873-9229","contributorId":214877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christianson","given":"Tami","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, Colin R. 0000-0002-2450-9624","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-9624","contributorId":214876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorne","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39130,"text":"University of Nottingham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}