Helminth infections are cryptic and can be difficult to study in wildlife species. Helminth research in wildlife hosts has historically required invasive animal handling and necropsy, while results from noninvasive parasite research, like scat analysis, may not be possible at the helminth species or individual host levels. To increase the utility of noninvasive sampling, individual hosts can be identified by applying molecular methods. This allows for longitudinal sampling of known hosts and can be paired with individual-level covariates. Here we evaluate a combination of methods and existing long-term monitoring data to identify patterns of cestode infections in gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park. Our goals were: (1) Identify the species and apparent prevalence of cestodes infecting Yellowstone wolves; (2) Assess the relationships between wolf biological and social characteristics and cestode infections; (3) Examine how wolf samples were affected by environmental conditions with respect to the success of individual genotyping. We collected over 200 wolf scats from 2018–2020 and conducted laboratory analyses including individual wolf genotyping, sex identification, cestode identification, and fecal glucocorticoid measurements. Wolf genotyping success rate was 45%, which was higher in the winter but decreased with higher precipitation and as more time elapsed between scat deposit and collection. One cestode species was detected in 28% of all fecal samples, and 38% of known individuals. The most common infection was Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (primarily E. canadensis). Adult wolves had 4x greater odds of having a cestode infection than pups, as well as wolves sampled in the winter. Our methods provide an alternative approach to estimate cestode prevalence and to linking parasites to known individuals in a wild host system, but may be most useful when employed in existing study systems and when field collections are designed to minimize the time between fecal deposition and collection.
The primary source of chronic exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in humans is through the ingestion of contaminated foods and drinking water, with fish and other seafood being a major contributor. Nevertheless, there is scant literature on the dietary exposure to PFASs for the general United States (U.S.) population. The Tampa Bay (Florida, USA) region has the highest population density in the State and communities and their attendant support services are arrayed in an urban to semi-rural continuum from the head of the Bay to the ocean mouth. Tampa Bay supports productive recreational and commercial fisheries, providing a diverse community of species. A variety of potential PFAS sources surround Tampa Bay including airports, industry, wastewater treatment plants, fire-fighting training areas and military installations. The objective of this study is to quantify PFASs in sediment and fishes collected from Tampa Bay to further estimate human health risks from dietary exposures. Sediment (n = 17) and fish (24 species, n = 140) were collected throughout Tampa Bay in 2020 and 2021 and analyzed for 25 PFAS compounds. Concentrations of PFASs in sediments and edible tissues of fish ranged from 36.8 to 2,990 ng kg-1 (dry weight) and 307 to 33,600 ng kg-1 (wet weight), respectively. Generally, levels were highest in Old Tampa Bay and decreased south towards the Gulf of Mexico. Profiles in both matrices were generally dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) with variations by location. Estimated human health risks from the consumption of contaminated fish collected in Tampa Bay exceeded concentration thresholds for minimum risk levels (MRLs) and tolerable weekly intake (TWIs) values for adults and youths. Additionally, concentrations of PFOS in edible fish tissues of several recreationally important species collected in Tampa Bay exceeded consumption guideline levels established by several governmental agencies. In the current context, the elevated levels of PFAS in Tampa Bay and the exceedances of available thresholds for potential human health risks are a cause for concern and justify a more intensive examination especially for more heavily utilized species, particularly those used in subsistence-level fishing, which, as elsewhere may be significantly under documented.
Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
USGS Scientific Collections
USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Samples Repository
Volcanic ashfall forecasts are highly dependent on eruption source parameters (ESPs) and synoptic weather conditions at the time and location of the eruption. In New Zealand, MetService and GNS Science have been jointly developing an ashfall forecast system that incorporates four-dimensional high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) and ESPs into the HYSPLIT model, a state-of-the art hybrid Eulerian and Lagrangian dispersion model widely used for volcanic ash. However, these forecasts are based on discrete ESPs combined with a deterministic weather forecast and thus provide no information on output uncertainty. This shortcoming hinders stakeholder decision making, particularly near the geographical margin of forecasted ashfall and in areas with large gradients in forecasted ash deposition. Our study presents a new approach that incorporates uncertainty from both eruptive and meteorological inputs to deliver uncertainty in the model output. To this end, we developed probability density functions (PDFs) for three key ESPs (plume height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration) tailored to New Zealand’s volcanoes and combine them with NWP ensemble datasets to generate probabilistic ashfall forecasts using the HYSPLIT model. We show that the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique can be used to representatively span this four-dimensional parameter space and allow us to add uncertainty quantification to rapid response forecast systems. For a case study of a hypothetical eruption at Tongariro, New Zealand we suggest that large parts of New Zealand’s North Island would not receive adequate warning for potential ashfall if uncertainties were not included in the forecasts. We also propose new probabilistic summary products to support public information and emergency responders decision making.
The Great Valley fault system defines the tectonic boundary between the Coast Ranges and the Central Valley in California, is active throughout the Quaternary, and has been the source of several significant (M > 6) historic earthquakes, including the 1983 M 6.5 Coalinga earthquake and the 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquake sequence. However, the locations and geometries of individual faults in the Great Valley fault system are poorly constrained, and fault slip rates and paleoearthquake chronology are largely unknown. Here, we report geomorphic and subsurface geophysical evidence of surface‐deforming displacement on a strand of the Great Valley fault system west of Winters, California. Detailed geomorphic mapping and a high‐resolution seismic reflection and tomography survey along an ∼800 m profile across the Bigelow Hills document a fault, which we call the West Winters strand of the Great Valley fault system, with apparent east side‐up displacement of surficial geologic units. These data together suggest that the West Winters strand is active in the latest Quaternary. Together with local reports from the time, this raises the possibility that the West Winters strand may have ruptured and deformed the surface during the 1892 M 6 Vacaville–Winters earthquake sequence. Future earthquakes with vertical displacement on this and Great Valley fault system structures could have significant hazard implications, given the region’s low relief and the presence of major water conveyance infrastructure.
Oceanic crust formed at mid-ocean ridges may be later modified by off-ridge magmatism forming seamounts, guyots, and islands. We investigate processes associated with seamount formation in the Gulf of Alaska Seamount Province using two coincident seismic reflection/wide-angle profiles. A north-south profile crosses the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount Chain and Aja fracture zone (FZ), and an orthogonal east-west profile is located about 90 km south of the seamount chain over Pacific plate oceanic crust. Structure along the profile away from the seamount chain is consistent with typical oceanic crust. Crust in our study region is thinnest (about 5.6 km) at the Aja FZ. Unlike observations from active transform faults, no low-velocity anomaly is observed at the Aja FZ suggesting that the crustal velocities have recovered to normal values through crack closure and crack healing. Higher lower crustal velocities (∼7.3 and > 7.5 km/s) and thicker crust (∼8.5 and ∼7.0 km) are observed near the Pratt and Durgin Seamounts and at the intersection of the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount Chain linear trend, respectively. These observations are attributed to magmatic underplating associated with seamount province magmatism. Lithospheric thickness variations across the Aja FZ may form a barrier or impediment to magmatic flow. The thickest crust (8.5 km) along our two profiles is located on the younger side of the FZ, and we suggest that the majority of magmatism jumped south of the Aja FZ when thinner lithosphere was encountered by the Bowie hot spot. The crustal structure near the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount Chain is most similar to that of other seamounts and guyots that formed on similarly young lithosphere (8–12 Ma). Our results suggest that lithospheric thickness at the time of hot spot interaction has a large control on magmatic underplating at seamounts and seamount provinces.
Understanding patterns of genetic structure and adaptive variation in natural populations is crucial for informing conservation and management. Past genetic research using 11 microsatellite loci identified six genetic stocks of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) within Lake Michigan, USA. However, ambiguity in genetic stock assignments suggested those neutral microsatellite markers did not provide adequate power for delineating lake whitefish stocks in this system, prompting calls for a genomics approach to investigate stock structure. Here, we generated a dense genomic dataset to characterize population structure and investigate patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity among lake whitefish populations in Lake Michigan. Using Rapture sequencing, we genotyped 829 individuals collected from 17 baseline populations at 197,588 SNP markers after quality filtering. Although the overall pattern of genetic structure was similar to the previous microsatellite study, our genomic data provided several novel insights. Our results indicated a large genetic break between the northwestern and eastern sides of Lake Michigan, and we found a much greater level of population structure on the eastern side compared to the northwestern side. Collectively, we observed five genomic islands of adaptive divergence on five different chromosomes. Each island displayed a different pattern of population structure, suggesting that combinations of genotypes at these adaptive regions are facilitating local adaptation to spatially heterogenous selection pressures. Additionally, we identified a large linkage disequilibrium block of ~8.5 Mb on chromosome 20 that is suggestive of a putative inversion but with a low frequency of the minor haplotype. Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of population structure and adaptive variation that can help inform the management of Lake Michigan's lake whitefish fishery and highlights the utility of incorporating adaptive loci into fisheries management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.13475","usgsCitation":"Shi, Y., Homola, J.J., Euclide, P., Isermann, D.A., Caroffino, D., and McPhee, M., 2022, High-density genomic data reveal fine-scale population structure and pronounced islands of adaptive divergence in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from Lake Michigan: Evolutionary Applications, v. 15, no. 11, p. 1776-1791, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13475.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1776","endPage":"1791","ipdsId":"IP-137991","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13475","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.55725950240699,\n 45.37753522596927\n ],\n [\n -87.39148683074085,\n 44.817230157751304\n ],\n [\n -88.03397794894306,\n 42.98217615918885\n ],\n [\n -87.66163831918826,\n 42.48489493230767\n ],\n [\n -86.3437295978575,\n 42.617675976389194\n ],\n [\n -86.40170815429047,\n 43.587414879850954\n ],\n [\n -84.89518851103124,\n 46.04290477047883\n ],\n [\n -86.20220438971735,\n 46.00276060146369\n ],\n [\n -87.55725950240699,\n 45.37753522596927\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shi, Yue","contributorId":349037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Yue","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Homola, Jared Joseph 0000-0003-3821-7224","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3821-7224","contributorId":303741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homola","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"Joseph","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euclide, Peter T.","contributorId":349039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euclide","given":"Peter T.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isermann, Daniel A. 0000-0003-1151-9097 disermann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-9097","contributorId":5167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isermann","given":"Daniel","email":"disermann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caroffino, David C.","contributorId":349042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caroffino","given":"David C.","affiliations":[{"id":36986,"text":"Michigan Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McPhee, Megan V.","contributorId":349044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPhee","given":"Megan V.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70256603,"text":"70256603 - 2022 - Microhabitat use of larval fish in a South Carolina Piedmont stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-23T16:53:58.777118","indexId":"70256603","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-13T11:41:43","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microhabitat use of larval fish in a South Carolina Piedmont stream","docAbstract":"Understanding habitat use and nursery areas of larval fish is a key component to managing and conserving riverine fishes. Yet, freshwater researchers often focus only on adult fishes, resulting in a limited understanding of the habitat requirements for the early life stages of freshwater fishes. The goal of this study was to quantify the larval fish microhabitat use of three fish families in Twelvemile Creek, a fifth-order tributary of Lake Hartwell (Savannah River basin) in the Piedmont ecoregion of South Carolina, USA. We used handheld dipnets to sample larval fishes along 20 equidistant transects spaced 10 m apart weekly from May to July 2021 along a 200 m stream reach. We also collected microhabitat data at each larval fish capture location. Most captured individuals were in the metalarval stage and were identified to the family level. A partial distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that water velocity contributed to changes in larval fish assemblage structure. Larval fishes occupied a subset of the available habitat that was characterized by low water velocity, non-Podostemum substrate, and shallow habitats close to the shore or bed rock structure. We also detected temporal patterns in larval fish counts, with peak Percidae and Leuciscidae counts in late July and the highest Catostomidae counts in late May–early June. Our results suggest that larval fishes select habitats with low water velocity and shallow habitats close to shore microhabitat characteristics, and that riffle-pool sequences may serve as a nursery habitat for Percidae, Catostomidae and Leuciscidae metalarvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2022.2144957","usgsCitation":"Bower, L.M., and Peoples, B., 2022, Microhabitat use of larval fish in a South Carolina Piedmont stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 37, no. 1, p. 583-596, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2022.2144957.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"583","endPage":"596","ipdsId":"IP-144322","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445889,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2022.2144957","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Twelvemile Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.03663027265466,\n 34.94019201717681\n ],\n [\n -83.03663027265466,\n 34.54806571836822\n ],\n [\n -82.48826562971826,\n 34.54806571836822\n ],\n [\n -82.48826562971826,\n 34.94019201717681\n ],\n [\n -83.03663027265466,\n 34.94019201717681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bower, Luke Max 0000-0002-0739-858X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0739-858X","contributorId":341034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"Luke","email":"","middleInitial":"Max","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peoples, B.K.","contributorId":341333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peoples","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274633,"text":"70274633 - 2022 - Power-law viscoelastic flow of the lower accretionary prism in the Makran subduction zone following the 2013 Baluchistan Earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-02T16:20:27.367635","indexId":"70274633","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-12T11:15:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7501,"text":"JGR Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Power-law viscoelastic flow of the lower accretionary prism in the Makran subduction zone following the 2013 Baluchistan Earthquake","docAbstract":"Subduction zone accretionary prisms are commonly modeled as elastic structures where permanent deformation is accommodated by faulting and folding of otherwise elastic materials, yet accretionary prisms may exhibit other deformation styles over relatively short time scales. In this study, we use 6.5-year (2014–2021) Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time-series of post-seismic deformation in the Makran accretionary prism of southeast Pakistan to characterize non-linear viscoelastic deformation within an active accretionary prism on short timescales (months to years). We constructed a series of 3-D finite-element models of the Makran subduction zone, including an accretionary prism, and constrained the elastic thickness of the upper wedge and the flow-law parameters (power-law exponent, activation enthalpy, and pre-exponential constant) of the lower wedge through forward model fits to the InSAR time-series. Our results show that the prism is elastically thin (8–12 km) and the non-linear viscoelastic relaxation of the deep portions of the prism alone can sufficiently explain the post-seismic surface deformation. Our best fitting flow-law parameters (n = 3.76 ± 0.39, Q = 82.2 ± 37.73 kJ mol−1, and A = 10−3.36±4.69) are consistent with triggering of low temperature dislocation creep within fluid-saturated siliciclastic rocks. We believe that the fluids necessary for this weakening originate from sedimentary underplating and/or the presence the hydrocarbons. The presence of power-law rheology within the lower wedge impacts the estimated plate coupling and the stress state in the subduction system, with respect to the conventional elastic wedge model, and hence should to be considered in future earthquake cycle models.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2022JB024493","usgsCitation":"Cheng, G., Barnhart, W.D., and Li, S., 2022, Power-law viscoelastic flow of the lower accretionary prism in the Makran subduction zone following the 2013 Baluchistan Earthquake: JGR Solid Earth, v. 127, no. 11, e2022JB024493, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024493.","productDescription":"e2022JB024493, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139827","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jb024493","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502012,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran. Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Makran accretionary prism","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 57.41648936499405,\n 30.69926527865796\n ],\n [\n 57.41648936499405,\n 24.018536636005464\n ],\n [\n 67.65925595369796,\n 24.018536636005464\n ],\n [\n 67.65925595369796,\n 30.69926527865796\n ],\n [\n 57.41648936499405,\n 30.69926527865796\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Guo","contributorId":369215,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"Guo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnhart, William D. 0000-0003-0498-1697 wbarnhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-1697","contributorId":294678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"William","email":"wbarnhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Shaoyang","contributorId":207597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Shaoyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70262032,"text":"70262032 - 2022 - Effects of capture depth on walleye hooking mortality during ice fishing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T15:56:22.123422","indexId":"70262032","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-12T09:52:34","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of capture depth on walleye hooking mortality during ice fishing","docAbstract":"Length-based regulations are a common tool used to limit fishing mortality by controlling the size of fish harvested. While such regulations are helpful in managing fish populations, mortality associated with catch-and-release fishing may negatively impact a fishery. We evaluated factors affecting hooking mortality of walleye (Sander vitreus) in 2 mainstem Missouri River reservoirs in South Dakota. Winter walleye hooking mortality was evaluated during the ice fishing season in February and March 2020. After capture, walleye (n = 55) were placed into holding pens for 12 to 72 h to monitor postrelease mortality. Hooking mortality was found to be 20% following angling. Capture depth, landing time, and time in pen were the most influential variables on probability of hooking mortality (pm). We observed a sharp increase in pm for walleye captured at depths from 10 to 12 m, where the probability of mortality for fish increased appreciably from 5 to 37%, respectively. Our findings indicate that hooking mortality during the ice fishing season can be substantial in lakes where walleye angling occurs at depths greater than 10 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2022.2130118","usgsCitation":"Lyon, C., Davis, J., Fincel, M.J., and Chipps, S.R., 2022, Effects of capture depth on walleye hooking mortality during ice fishing: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 38, no. 4, p. 334-340, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2022.2130118.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"340","ipdsId":"IP-143949","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467148,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2022.2130118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465991,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.75589099165839,\n 45.88636049539926\n ],\n [\n -100.75589099165839,\n 43.865137140225414\n ],\n [\n -99.30414707132354,\n 43.865137140225414\n ],\n [\n -99.30414707132354,\n 45.88636049539926\n ],\n [\n -100.75589099165839,\n 45.88636049539926\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyon, Cade A.","contributorId":347943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyon","given":"Cade A.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jake L.","contributorId":347944,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Jake L.","affiliations":[{"id":37104,"text":"South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fincel, Mark J.","contributorId":171853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fincel","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":26957,"text":"South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks, Ft. Pierre, SD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":922762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":922763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70238160,"text":"70238160 - 2022 - GCPs free photogrammetry for estimating tree height and crown diameter in Arizona cypress plantation using UAV-Mounted GNSS RTK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T12:55:04.571611","indexId":"70238160","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-12T06:53:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1689,"text":"Forests","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GCPs free photogrammetry for estimating tree height and crown diameter in Arizona cypress plantation using UAV-Mounted GNSS RTK","docAbstract":"Expansion of an invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush population in Swan Lake, Montana, threatens a core area population of Bull Trout S. confluentus. Given the recent development of novel suppression methods, such as use of carcass analog pellets to cause high mortality of embryos, there was a need to quantify spawning season aggregation sites, site use, and spawning habitat for Lake Trout in Swan Lake. Acoustic tags were implanted in 85 Lake Trout during the summer in 2018 and 2019. Nightly tracking efforts during autumn in both years resulted in 1,744 relocations for 49 individual Lake Trout. Kernel density analysis was used to evaluate Lake Trout aggregation sites, identifying 10 distinct sites. All spawning sites were located in the littoral zone along areas of steep bathymetric relief, and these sites composed 48% of total relocations during both spawning seasons. In 2019, side-scan sonar imaging was used to classify and quantify the total area of spawning substrate, which constituted 12.8% of the total surface area estimated for spawning sites 1, 6, and 9 and 11.4% of the total surface area for aggregation sites 2–5, 7, 8, and 10. Simultaneous treatment of all spawning sites would require 205,709 ± 86 kg of carcass analog pellet material, resulting in 370.4 ± 0.2 kg of phosphorus inputs and 7,487.9 ± 3.1 kg of nitrogen inputs to Swan Lake. Thus, pellet treatment would increase the Carlson's trophic state index (TSI) values from 20.8 to 27.7 for total phosphorus and from 22.1 to 26.2 for total nitrogen. Based on a TSI threshold of less than 40 for an oligotrophic lake, the use of carcass analog pellets could be feasible for supplementing the gill-netting suppression of Lake Trout in Swan Lake.
System-wide survival of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts was evaluated (2017–2019) in the Penobscot River and compared to survival estimates from previous years that spanned major changes (2005–2016). This system was transformed through two dam removals in 2012 and construction of a nature-like passage structure at a third. The main stem had three dams (five prior to 2012), while the main tributary had four dams (one with the new nature-like passage). We estimated survival using acoustic telemetry mark–recapture (n = 1482) from 2017 to 2019. Six release sites and two release dates were included to assess system-wide survival. Survival from 2017 to 2019 was higher than previous years, with total cumulative survival > 0.75, independently of year and release sites, compared to survival < 0.5 in previous years. These years coincided with exceptional high flows not seen previously. We found an effect of delays on survival, longer delays associated with lower survival. Overall, survival in these years increased in all reaches relative to previous years except for one dam, Weldon Dam, which was a site of sustained high mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Scientific Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2022-0055","usgsCitation":"Molina-Moctezuma, A., Stich, D., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2022, Effects of dam-induced delays on system-wide survival of Atlantic salmon smolts during high-flow, high-survival years in the Penobscot River, Maine, USA: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 79, no. 12, p. 2237-2250, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2022-0055.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2237","endPage":"2250","ipdsId":"IP-129261","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.3833,\n 45.5667\n ],\n [\n -69.4,\n 45.5667\n ],\n [\n -69.4,\n 44.5667\n ],\n [\n -68.3833,\n 44.5667\n ],\n [\n -68.3833,\n 45.5667\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Moctezuma, Alejandro","contributorId":275649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molina-Moctezuma","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stich, Daniel S.","contributorId":350601,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"Daniel S.","affiliations":[{"id":33660,"text":"SUNY Oneonta","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":926391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":926392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70240241,"text":"70240241 - 2022 - Interaction between transect design and animal distribution in distance sampling of deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-02T13:21:55.250028","indexId":"70240241","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-11T07:18:52","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction between transect design and animal distribution in distance sampling of deer","docAbstract":"We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the consequences of violating statistical assumptions of distance sampling (DS) on the bias and precision of population estimates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Distance sampling is a method for estimating the density of organisms using a distribution of observed distances to individuals. A key assumption of DS is that sampling transects are randomly located with respect to the population being sampled. Most DS transects used in National Parks follow roads and trails, which are not positioned randomly. We constructed spatially explicit simulations of surveys using 7 different types of deer spatial distributions and 3 survey designs. A significant interaction between survey type and deer distribution type explained most of the variation in population estimates across simulations and this interaction was also a significant predictor of the coefficient of variation (CV) of population estimates. Simulation results suggested that 1) non-road surveys were more robust to bias than were road surveys, 2) effectiveness of each of 3 survey types was dependent on the way deer were distributed across the landscape, and 3) non-road surveys produced unbiased estimates of populations affected by roads, whereas road surveys did not. The results of our study suggest that DS surveys using pre-existing roads and trails have potential biases resulting from study design, something that could be considered by land managers when constructing surveys.
In most birds, parental incubation of eggs is necessary for embryo development and survival. Using a combination of weekly nest visits, temperature dataloggers, infrared video cameras, and GPS tracking of hens, we documented several instances of duck eggs hatching after being abandoned by the incubating female. Of 2826 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) nests monitored 2015–2019 in Suisun Marsh, California, 48 (1.7%) were abandoned during late incubation (≥ 20 days). Of these, we identified six (12.5%) where at least one egg hatched 2–9 days after abandonment. In all six cases, eggshell membranes were found in the nest (indicating hatch), and ducklings were observed at three nests. Abandoned nests were unattended for an average of 5.9 days before eggs hatched; during this time, mean nest temperatures (23.6°C–29.0°C) were substantially lower than before nest abandonment (31.7°C–36.4°C). We estimated that abandonment resulted in a 9% longer time period between clutch completion and hatch (0–4 days longer) and a lower rate of egg hatching success (36%). Our results provide evidence that some older embryos (≥ 20 days) in mild climates can survive without parental incubation for several days and continue to develop (at a reduced rate) to the point of successfully hatching.
Sea otters were extirpated throughout much of their range by the maritime fur trade in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the coast of Katmai National Park and Preserve in southcentral Alaska. Brown bears are an important component of the Katmai ecosystem where they are the focus of a thriving ecotourism bear-viewing industry as they forage in sedge meadows and dig clams in the extensive tidal flats that exist there. Sea otters began reoccupying Katmai in the 1970s where their use of intertidal clam resources overlapped that of brown bears. By 2008, the Katmai sea otter population had grown to an estimated 7,000 animals and was likely near carrying capacity; however, in 2006–2015, the age-at-death distribution (AADD) of sea otter carcasses collected at Katmai included a higher-than-expected proportion of prime-age animals compared to most other sea otter populations in Alaska. The unusual AADD warranted scientific investigation, particularly because the Katmai population is part of the Threatened southwest sea otter stock. Brown bears in Katmai are known to prey on marine mammals and sea otters, but depredation rates are unknown; thus, we investigated carnivore predation, especially by brown bears, as a potential explanation for abnormally high prime-age otter mortality. We installed camera traps at two island-based marine mammal haulout sites within Katmai to gather direct evidence that brown bears prey on seals and sea otters. Over a period of two summers, we gathered photo evidence of brown bears making 22 attempts to prey on sea otters of which nine (41%) were successful and 12 attempts to prey on harbor seals of which one (8%) was successful. We also developed a population model based on the AADD to determine if the living population is declining, as suggested by the high proportion of prime-age animals in the AADD. We found that the population trend predicted by the modeled AADDs was contradictory to aerial population surveys that indicated the population was not in steep decline but was consistent with otter predation. Future work should focus on the direct and indirect effects these top-level predators have on each other and the coastal community that connects them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyac095","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., Taylor, R.L., Hilderbrand, G., Erlenbach, J., Coletti, H., and Bodkin, J.L., 2022, Brown bear–sea otter interactions along the Katmai coast: Terrestrial and nearshore communities linked by predation: Journal of Mammalogy, gyac095, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyac095.","productDescription":"gyac095, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-109601","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":445905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyac095","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":409348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katmai National Park and Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.9563357076709,\n 59.34074602972433\n ],\n [\n -156.9563357076709,\n 57.706193986474744\n ],\n [\n -153.1440798482959,\n 57.706193986474744\n ],\n [\n -153.1440798482959,\n 59.34074602972433\n ],\n [\n -156.9563357076709,\n 59.34074602972433\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":196670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Rebecca L. 0000-0001-8459-7614 rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8459-7614","contributorId":5112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rebecca","email":"rebeccataylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hilderbrand, Grant 0000-0002-0051-8315 ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-8315","contributorId":297939,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Grant","email":"ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Erlenbach, Joy","contributorId":200750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Erlenbach","given":"Joy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coletti, Heather","contributorId":258849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coletti","given":"Heather","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":857015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70256723,"text":"70256723 - 2022 - Reproductive success of Red-Billed Tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus) on St. Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-15T11:12:13.575616","indexId":"70256723","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-11T06:09:47","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success of Red-Billed Tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus) on St. Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands","docAbstract":"The daily nest-survival rates of Red-billed Tropicbirds (Phaethon aethereus) were estimated over six breeding seasons on St. Eustatius in the Caribbean. We analyzed 338 nesting attempts between 2013 and 2020. The daily survival rate (DSR) of tropicbird nests was modeled as a function of nest initiation date, sea surface temperature (SST), elevation, vegetation in front of the nest, and year. Yearly nest survival rates (± SE) of the best fitting models ranged from 0.21 ± 0.06–0.74 ± 0.13 (n = 338 nests). DSR of the most parsimonious models averaged 0.39 ± 0.04 during the incubation period, 0.83 ± 0.05 during the chick-rearing period, and 0.30 ± 0.04 during the nesting period (incubation through fledging) when data were pooled across all years. Models with linear and quadratic trends of nest initiation date combined with SST and elevation received strong support in the incubation and nesting periods. Nests initiated in peak nesting season, when SSTs were lower, had higher DSR estimates than nests initiated early or late in the season. Compared to studies of the same species from Saba and the Gulf of California, survival probability on St. Eustatius was lower during the incubation stage but higher during the chick-rearing period. Similar to populations in the Gulf of California, tropicbird reproduction differed and laying date varied among years, and survival was influenced by SST. Our results are consistent with a study on White-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon lepturus) in Bermuda which found that survival was affected by temporal factors rather than physical site characteristics. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence Red-billed Tropicbird survival on a small Caribbean island.
The research described in this report was conducted as part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration process in the Big River. Our purpose was to compare habitat features and landscape factors that may be important for the establishment and persistence of mussel concentrations between the Big River and the adjacent Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers, thereby testing their appropriateness as reference systems for establishing baseline expectations of mussel populations in the absence of mining impacts for the Big River. Based on these comparisons and a published model dileneating suitable habitat for freshwater mussels, we establish expected baseline conditions related to suitable freshwater mussel habitat in the Big River to assist injury determination for mining-related impacts in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District Natural Resource Damage Assessment case.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rosenberger, A.E., and Lindner, G.A., 2022, Use of a riverscape-scale model of fundamental physical habitat requirements for freshwater mussels to quantify mussel declines in a mining-contaminated stream: The Big River, Old Lead Belt, Southeast Missouri: Cooperator Science Series FWS/CSS-147-2022, ii, 32 p.","productDescription":"ii, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132994","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/media/use-riverscape-scale-model-fundamental-physical-habitat-requirements-freshwater-mussels"},{"id":433629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River watershed, Bourbeuse River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.34550598548627,\n 38.669645646671654\n ],\n [\n -91.90534506180033,\n 38.65386249841083\n ],\n [\n -91.86155171390972,\n 37.44368900102869\n ],\n [\n -90.22760081808802,\n 37.470421694633586\n ],\n [\n -90.34550598548627,\n 38.669645646671654\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindner, Garth A.","contributorId":201828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindner","given":"Garth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36266,"text":"University of Missouri Cooperative Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70238114,"text":"sir20175022A - 2022 - Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70238114,"text":"sir20175022A - 2022 - Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington","indexId":"sir20175022A","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Geologic Field-Trip Guide to Volcanism and its Interaction with Snow and Ice at Mount Rainier, Washington","title":"Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T15:37:52.320114","indexId":"sir20175022A","displayToPublicDate":"2022-11-10T08:55:32","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5022","chapter":"A","displayTitle":"Geologic Field-Trip Guide to Volcanism and its Interaction with Snow and Ice at Mount Rainier, Washington","title":"Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Mount Rainier is the Pacific Northwest’s iconic volcano. At 4,393 meters and situated in the south-central Cascade Range of Washington State, it towers over cities of the Puget Lowland. As the highest summit in the Cascade Range, Mount Rainier hosts 26 glaciers and numerous permanent snow fields covering 87 square kilometers and having a snow and ice volume of about 3.8 cubic kilometers. It remains by far the most heavily glacier-clad mountain in the conterminous United States despite having lost about 14 percent of its ice volume between 1970 and 2008.
Five major rivers head at Mount Rainier—the White, Carbon, Puyallup, Nisqually, and Cowlitz Rivers. Because Mount Rainier is situated west of the Cascade Range crest, all of these rivers eventually turn and drain westward. The Puget Lowland, situated west to northwest of Mount Rainier, is the Pacific Northwest’s most densely populated area, including Seattle, Tacoma, and Olympia. The Puget Lowland is now home to a population of more than 4.5 million and a vibrant economy.
Mount Rainier is one of the most hazardous volcanoes in the United States, not so much because of its explosivity, but rather because of its frequent eruptions, its propensity to produce voluminous far-traveled lahars, and its proximity to large population centers of the Puget Lowland. Steep-sided, glacially carved valleys serve as lahar conduits, and even mild eruptions commonly produced large lahars that traveled into areas now populated by hundreds of thousands of people.
This guide describes a five-day field trip to view the geology of Mount Rainier as it relates to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice. Day 1 will focus on lahars in the White River valley. We will drive to Enumclaw, Washington, to begin the day then work our way back upvalley toward Mount Rainier. Day 2 concentrates on geology of the Sunrise-Glacier Basin area within Mount Rainier National Park. As part of day 2 activities, we will hike about 10 miles from Sunrise to the top of Burroughs Mountain, down into Glacier Basin, and be picked up at White River Campground. On day 3 we will pack up and move to Paradise, stopping to examine geology along Stevens Canyon Road. We will hike from Paradise along the Golden Gate Trail and eventually eastward to the former Paradise Ice Caves area (the ice caves have melted out). Day 4 involves hiking from Comet Falls trailhead to Mildred Point and return (~7 miles; 11 km), examining geology along the way. During the first half of day 5, we will visit sites on the south side of Mount Rainier to study lahar deposits, then return to the tour origin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022A","usgsCitation":"Vallance, J.W., and Sisson, T.W., 2022, Geologic field-trip guide to volcanism and its interaction with snow and ice at Mount Rainier, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5022–A, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022A.","productDescription":"xi, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-098758","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501941,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113827.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409296,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/a/sir20175022a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":409295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/a/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.71753266545278,\n 46.79677402550709\n ],\n [\n -121.65639469361994,\n 46.82263284533062\n ],\n [\n -121.65158608909377,\n 46.84659991518495\n ],\n [\n -121.66738578967957,\n 46.890746508867124\n ],\n [\n -121.72577598749758,\n 46.927351224979105\n ],\n [\n -121.79447033787142,\n 46.95033371096099\n ],\n [\n -121.82194807802095,\n 46.92828947873738\n ],\n [\n -121.82675668254714,\n 46.908113401053384\n ],\n [\n -121.8377477786071,\n 46.890746508867124\n ],\n [\n -121.854234422697,\n 46.852237672335264\n ],\n [\n -121.84324332663707,\n 46.82780311745222\n ],\n [\n -121.80546143393136,\n 46.798655086153445\n ],\n [\n -121.74913206662472,\n 46.78830843882821\n ],\n [\n -121.71753266545278,\n 46.79677402550709\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center
Cascades Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
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A decrease in the ground surface height of coastal wetlands is of worldwide concern because of its relationship to peat loss, coastal carbon, and biodiversity in freshwater wetlands. We asked if it is possible to determine indicators of impending transitions of freshwater swamps to other coastal types by examining long-term changes in the environment and vegetation. In a tidal Taxodium distichum swamp in Hickory Point State Forest, Maryland, the topographic surface height (ground surface height) decreased by as much as 25.6 ± 2.2 to 50.8 ± 3.8 cm at two Surface Elevation Tables from 2015 to 2021 following salinity intrusion events related to hurricanes and offshore storms (e.g., Hurricane Melissa). In 2019, rooting zone salinity exceeded 5 ppt for >24.9 % of the time, with a maximum salinity level of 12.5 ppt. Tree growth of T. distichum trees declined and 60 % of these trees died along a 4 m wide × 125 m transect in 2014–2016. Root biomass and ground surface height decreased roughly in conjunction with a salinity pulse in the rooting zone during Hurricane Melissa in 2019. Saplings survived but T. distichum seedlings were uncommon and did not survive in the study area. Typha × glauca increased in cover (0.2 to 5.6 % cover plot−1) from 2014 to 2016 so a vegetation shift toward T. × glauca was apparent by 2021. This work captures a multi-year trend of decreasing ground surface height, tree growth and health, and freshwater status in the rooting zone that may be an indicator of impending vegetation transition.
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