{"pageNumber":"3431","pageRowStart":"85750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184918,"records":[{"id":5223396,"text":"5223396 - 1998 - Monitoring populations of plants and animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-05T13:50:56.481582","indexId":"5223396","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":997,"text":"BioScience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring populations of plants and animals","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1313297","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Droege, S., and Eagle, P., 1998, Monitoring populations of plants and animals: BioScience, v. 48, no. 11, p. 935-940, https://doi.org/10.2307/1313297.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"935","endPage":"940","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479672,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1313297","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6358ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, J.P.","contributorId":54937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagle, P.","contributorId":76857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223796,"text":"5223796 - 1998 - Tick population trends and forest type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T15:59:10.94489","indexId":"5223796","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tick population trends and forest type","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.281.5375.347e","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., Hyland, K.E., Hu, R., Daniels, T., and Falco, R., 1998, Tick population trends and forest type: Science, v. 281, no. 5375, p. 347-351, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5375.347e.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"351","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82902954701626,\n              42.233645690694004\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82902954701626,\n              40.21226102367939\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.71744795333335,\n              40.21226102367939\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.71744795333335,\n              42.233645690694004\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82902954701626,\n              42.233645690694004\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"281","issue":"5375","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hyland, Kerwin E.","contributorId":177251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyland","given":"Kerwin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hu, Renjie","contributorId":177252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Renjie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, T.J.","contributorId":20046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falco, R.C.","contributorId":69685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falco","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223452,"text":"5223452 - 1998 - Size-sex variation in survival rates and abundance of pig frogs, Rana grylio, in northern Florida wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-26T21:38:43.806482","indexId":"5223452","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size-sex variation in survival rates and abundance of pig frogs, Rana grylio, in northern Florida wetlands","docAbstract":"During 1991-1993, we conducted capture-recapture studies on pig frogs, Rana grylio, in seven study locations in northcentral Florida.  Resulting data were used to test hypotheses about variation in survival probability over different size-sex classes of pig frogs.  We developed multistate capture-recapture models for the resulting data and used them to estimate survival rates and frog abundance.  Tests provided strong evidence of survival differences among size-sex classes, with adult females showing the highest survival probabilities.  Adult males and juvenile frogs had lower survival rates that were similar to each other.  Adult females were more abundant than adult males in most locations at most sampling occasions.  We recommended probabilistic capture-recapture models in general, and multistate models in particular, for robust estimation of demographic parameters in amphibian populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1565206","usgsCitation":"Wood, K., Nichols, J., Percival, H., and Hines, J., 1998, Size-sex variation in survival rates and abundance of pig frogs, Rana grylio, in northern Florida wetlands: Journal of Herpetology, v. 32, no. 4, p. 527-535, https://doi.org/10.2307/1565206.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"535","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, K.V.","contributorId":78441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"K.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Percival, H.F.","contributorId":31716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Percival","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223800,"text":"5223800 - 1998 - Breeding biology of Acadian flycatchers in a bottomland hardwood forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223800","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding biology of Acadian flycatchers in a bottomland hardwood forest","docAbstract":"From 1993-1995, we located and monitored 601 Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) nests in a large contiguous tract of bottomland hardwood forest on the White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas.  Annual reproductive success was significantly different among years; ranging from 10-25% (Mayfield estimate) over the three years of the study.  There was no significant difference in nest success among study plots, with nesting success showing a trend of increasing late in the breeding season.  Clutch size for non-parasitized nests averaged 2.9 ? 0.02 (SE) eggs with a mode of 3.  Rates of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism were low (21%), accounting for 7% of all nest failures.  However, parasitism by cowbirds resulted in a reduction of clutch size for nests initiated early (i.e., first nests and replacements) in the breeding season.  Predation was the leading cause of nest failures, accounting for 75% of all failures.  Snakes and avian predators were thought to be the leading cause of nest failures.  Although additional factors must be investigated, preliminary results indicate that nest predation is a major influence on this population, despite the size of the forest tract.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., and Cooper, R., 1998, Breeding biology of Acadian flycatchers in a bottomland hardwood forest: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 2, p. 226-232.","productDescription":"226-232","startPage":"226","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17308,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v110n02/p0244-p0261.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc64a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, R.J.","contributorId":89077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223935,"text":"5223935 - 1998 - Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T16:03:33","indexId":"5223935","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3820,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels","docAbstract":"<p>Effects of a single dietary exposure to fenthion and carbofuran on the survival, feeding behavior and brain ChE activity of eastern screech-owls, <i>Otus asio</i> and American kestrels, <i>Falco sparverius</i>, were evaluated. Birds were exposed to fenthion (23.6–189.0 ppm) or carbofuran (31.7–253.6 ppm) via meatballs. Carbofuran-exposed owls ate either ≤10% or ≥80% of the meatball whereas all kestrels ate ≤10% of the meatball before exhibiting acute signs of toxicity. Fenthion-exposed owls and kestrels displayed a wide spectrum of meatball consumption (&lt;10–100%). Significant brain ChE inhibition was observed in dead and surviving kestrels exposed to fenthion and carbofuran and dead owls exposed to fenthion (<i>P</i>&lt;0.0001). Brain ChE activity of owls exposed to carbofuran that survived was not different from that of controls (<i>P</i>=0.25). Data suggest: (1) slow feeding on a carbamate-contaminated item may provide limited protection from the toxicity of the chemical at certain rates of exposure; (2) the degree of ChE inhibition at neuromuscular junctions may be critical in determining the sensitivity of a species to a carbamate insecticide; (3) sensitivity may be a function of the ChE affinity for the carbamate inhibitor; and (4) the importance of neuromuscular junction ChE depression in determining the sensitivity of an animal may be species-specific.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0742-8413(98)00036-X","usgsCitation":"Vyas, N., Thiele, L., and Garland, S., 1998, Possible mechanisms for sensitivity to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in eastern screech-owls and American kestrels: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, v. 120, no. 1, p. 151-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(98)00036-X.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"151","endPage":"157","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202281,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vyas, N.B. 0000-0003-0191-1319","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-1319","contributorId":65567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vyas","given":"N.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thiele, L.A.","contributorId":28713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiele","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garland, S.C.","contributorId":26404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garland","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223399,"text":"5223399 - 1998 - Morphological adaptation with no mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the coastal plain swamp sparrow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T17:42:27","indexId":"5223399","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphological adaptation with no mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the coastal plain swamp sparrow","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated genetic differentiation between morphologically distinct tidal marsh populations of Swamp Sparrows (<i>Melospiza georgiana nigrescens</i>) and the more widespread inland populations (<i>M. g. georgiana</i> and <i>M. g. ericrypta</i>). The tidal marsh populations are consistently grayer with more extensive black markings (particularly in the crown), and their bills are larger. These differences are variously shared with other species of salt marsh birds and small mammals. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequences (5′ end of control region, COII/t-lys/ATPase8, and ND2) of Swamp Sparrows and found low levels of genetic variation and no evidence of geographic structure. These results suggest a rapid and recent geographic expansion of Swamp Sparrows from restricted Pleistocene populations. Morphological differentiation has occurred without long-term genetic isolation, suggesting that selection on the divergent traits is intense. The grayer and more melanistic plumage is probably cryptic coloration for foraging on tidal mud, which tends to be grayish as a result of the formation of iron sulfides, rather than iron oxides, under anaerobic conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089418","usgsCitation":"Greenberg, R., Cordero, P., Droege, S., and Fleischer, R., 1998, Morphological adaptation with no mitochondrial DNA differentiation in the coastal plain swamp sparrow: The Auk, v. 115, no. 3, p. 706-712, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089418.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"712","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cordero, P.J.","contributorId":26786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cordero","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleischer, R.C.","contributorId":82259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223398,"text":"5223398 - 1998 - Checklists: An under-used tool for the inventory and monitoring of plants and animals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T11:59:54.995432","indexId":"5223398","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Checklists: An under-used tool for the inventory and monitoring of plants and animals","docAbstract":"<p><span>Checklists are widely used to catalog field observations of plants and animals. We used 25 years of bird checklist data from the Études des Populations d’Oiseaux du Quebec program to examine the ability of checklists to produce reliable conservation, management, and ecological information. We found that checklists can provide reliable information on changes in bird populations, phenology, and geographic and climate abundance patterns at local, regional, and continental scales. Professional and amateur conservation groups that need to develop extensive monitoring programs should take advantage of the fact that checklists, unlike other time-consuming and expensive techniques, can be used to detect large-scale changes in an entire community of species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96402.x","usgsCitation":"Droege, S., Cyr, A., and Larivee, J., 1998, Checklists: An under-used tool for the inventory and monitoring of plants and animals: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 5, p. 1134-1138, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96402.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1134","endPage":"1138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Quebec","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.54028540279332,\n              47.673525924830614\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.69245865362413,\n              47.07695912456657\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.05100157257266,\n              46.26100287182902\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.63298672136858,\n              45.993231401680674\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72179177901972,\n              45.268561265529456\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9189634796997,\n              45.083701441957515\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.53209713871327,\n              44.48480761571781\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.86168017647623,\n              44.87718070949347\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.58946534566395,\n              44.870479541788455\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.22670945102006,\n              45.07875163732646\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5724730540703,\n              45.18817082996276\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.14926929837459,\n              45.786708610248695\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.86065773793558,\n              46.579137599708645\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.05432536671248,\n              47.1778304829526\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.34164043909227,\n              47.38787232586995\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.14131229386095,\n              47.724451445262986\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.74980526928769,\n              47.852674352761994\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.41054900056892,\n              47.714305812340484\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.94744603533844,\n              48.01317669513267\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.31710014775251,\n              47.882023552726054\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.9950667075463,\n              48.333838263360576\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.08218331540725,\n              49.05204216811907\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.25725887076801,\n              49.39128980544666\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.3420026598738,\n              49.08987142577985\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.63058373862953,\n              49.85910646166701\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.8691415932801,\n              49.991744844763986\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.98981310755555,\n              49.52311508245009\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.37867842466214,\n              49.08484157797807\n            ],\n            [\n              -61.42204869069191,\n              48.878569323944674\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.778256165645274,\n              50.014835542854\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.181918540865524,\n              51.09587596677119\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.98049087215183,\n              51.411699487181295\n            ],\n            [\n              -57.096594839832036,\n              52.0653021834253\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.52898243808053,\n              52.069451947061225\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.637776247077156,\n              52.47408084346213\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.12050031583149,\n              52.57715187614235\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.41019879394547,\n              52.918798945988215\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.19768422378645,\n              52.9406772077038\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.49979855581306,\n              51.82331434380811\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.11881102867198,\n              52.48330202001574\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.89258340333657,\n              53.01416463585883\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.81352097808539,\n              53.18232213076999\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61399056321893,\n              53.481383568504725\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.4161626799477,\n              54.03679611660078\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.42598953191109,\n              54.32925542159268\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.61157434270773,\n              54.5640058251075\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.32629520055958,\n              54.91378548195809\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.80377660199453,\n              54.59091510323336\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.78184225015097,\n              54.58721520950462\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.73353157228128,\n              54.48331307297309\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.06231803401704,\n              55.230181479645154\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.342686852809365,\n              55.715263906683276\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.0165740348465,\n              56.0331523554988\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.61157900486239,\n              56.347008356054886\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.8286382987373,\n              56.73219198339268\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.29982611543912,\n              57.541856186310014\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.93088447412684,\n              58.1280466968945\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.345551765700776,\n              58.53112322828747\n            ],\n            [\n              -63.849749700328005,\n              58.95315107186195\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.80318878987816,\n              60.900786342131966\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.27999274355469,\n              60.2668494300662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.9192870729175,\n              59.62422690733354\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.20957020777445,\n              59.01692035167085\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.84791126851333,\n              58.923638007604836\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.04189120434155,\n              58.61198597586588\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.80026254747266,\n              58.468131239178405\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.20495611081897,\n              58.91635712573134\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.944746565388,\n              59.12071992464047\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.32460311939998,\n              59.68316207989275\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.45682599884461,\n              60.54078006147037\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.27989746708931,\n              61.064079330381475\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.19603660439238,\n              61.60027524803428\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.23769143072407,\n              62.54666389527563\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.63357704460647,\n              62.84004638291316\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39417196413935,\n              62.5787787595971\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12499680562101,\n              62.77583774185243\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.34257198376307,\n              62.5482352630508\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.33868964379899,\n              61.73218877949043\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.18141009212661,\n              61.40102164407105\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.66974363126428,\n              59.6724684917198\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.05903725414062,\n              57.795768456642634\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.42059863379394,\n              56.00224996398762\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.21852832423538,\n              53.31918789093794\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.66674199469824,\n              52.102409539057874\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53613034718684,\n              51.59136461144266\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.54028540279332,\n              47.673525924830614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cyr, A.","contributorId":33807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cyr","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larivee, J.","contributorId":58734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larivee","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223395,"text":"5223395 - 1998 - Dasypodidae Borner, 1919 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): Proposed emendation of spelling to Dasypodaidae, so removing the homonymy with Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Mammalia, Xenarthra)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T12:23:06.237037","indexId":"5223395","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1110,"text":"Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dasypodidae Borner, 1919 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): Proposed emendation of spelling to Dasypodaidae, so removing the homonymy with Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Mammalia, Xenarthra)","docAbstract":"The family-group name DASYPODIDAE Borner, 1919 (Insecta,  Hymenoptera) is a junior homonym Of DASYPODIDAE Gray, 1821  (Mammalia, Xenarthra).  It is proposed that the homonymy between the two names, which relate to short-tongued bees and armadillos respectively, should be removed by emending the stem of the generic name Dasypoda Latreille, 1802, on which  the insect familygroup name is based, to give DASYPODAIDAE, while leaving the mammalian name (based on Dasypus Linnaeus,  1758) unchanged.  Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758, the  type species of Dasypus, has a wide distribution in the southern United States, Central and South America.  The genus Dasypoda ranges throughout most of the Palearctic region.","language":"English","publisher":"International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature","doi":"10.5962/bhl.part.137","usgsCitation":"Alexander, B., Michener, C., and Gardner, A.L., 1998, Dasypodidae Borner, 1919 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): Proposed emendation of spelling to Dasypodaidae, so removing the homonymy with Dasypodidae Gray, 1821 (Mammalia, Xenarthra): Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 55, no. 1, p. 24-28, https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.137.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479671,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.137","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, B.A.","contributorId":21252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michener, C.D.","contributorId":33425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michener","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardner, A. L.","contributorId":97213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"A.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223786,"text":"5223786 - 1998 - [Book review]  Natural History of the Waterfowl, by Frank S. Todd, 1996; Handbook of Waterfowl Identification, by Frank S. Todd, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223786","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1056,"text":"Birding","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review]  Natural History of the Waterfowl, by Frank S. Todd, 1996; Handbook of Waterfowl Identification, by Frank S. Todd, 1996","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Birding","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., 1998, [Book review]  Natural History of the Waterfowl, by Frank S. Todd, 1996; Handbook of Waterfowl Identification, by Frank S. Todd, 1996: Birding, v. 30, no. 3, p. 255-256.","productDescription":"255-256","startPage":"255","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e483be4b07f02db4f12d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223937,"text":"5223937 - 1998 - The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: A case history of Guam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T15:15:28.478151","indexId":"5223937","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":807,"text":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: A case history of Guam","docAbstract":"<p><span>The accidental introduction of the brown treesnake (</span><i>Boiga irregularis</i><span>) on Guam around 1950 induced a cascade of extirpations that may be unprecedented among historical extinction events in taxonomic scope and severity. Birds, bats, and reptiles were affected, and by 1990 most forested areas on Guam retained only three native vertebrates, all of which were small lizards. Of the hypotheses to account for the severity of this extinction event, we find some support for the importance of lack of coevolution between introduced predator and prey, availability of alternate prey, extraordinary predatory capabilities of the snake, and vulnerabilities of the Guam ecosystem. In addition, there were important interactions among these factors, especially the presence of introduced prey (possessing coevolutionary experience) that were thus able to maintain their populations and provide alternate prey to the introduced predator while it was driving the native prey species to extinction. This complex of vulnerabilities is common on oceanic islands.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.113","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., and Rodda, G.H., 1998, The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: A case history of Guam: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 29, p. 113-140, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.113.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zotero.org/groups/5435545/items/YRM4K76E","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Guam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              144.6902366109643,\n              13.22848539356734\n            ],\n            [\n              144.77921771846616,\n              13.26623990955089\n            ],\n            [\n              144.7974702533371,\n              13.408321832080418\n            ],\n            [\n              144.96402463404735,\n              13.525919919058609\n            ],\n            [\n              144.97315090148385,\n              13.605764796053847\n            ],\n            [\n              144.833975323081,\n              13.66119679686689\n            ],\n            [\n              144.7472757824383,\n              13.499299002759784\n            ],\n            [\n              144.60125550346015,\n              13.463799829207048\n            ],\n            [\n              144.62178960519242,\n              13.335071271352504\n            ],\n            [\n              144.65373154121818,\n              13.25291545511601\n            ],\n            [\n              144.6902366109643,\n              13.226264357384636\n            ],\n            [\n              144.6902366109643,\n              13.22848539356734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Thomas H.","contributorId":77204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223918,"text":"5223918 - 1998 - Lack of developmental and reproductive toxicity of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-105) in ring-necked pheasants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T16:11:16.249658","indexId":"5223918","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:47","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lack of developmental and reproductive toxicity of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-105) in ring-necked pheasants","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mono-</span><i>ortho</i><span>&nbsp;PCBs are global contaminants of wildlife with the potential to produce toxicity by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)–mediated mechanism. To determine the potency of 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105) for producing reproductive and developmental toxicity, adult ring-necked pheasant hens (</span><i>Phasianus colchicus</i><span>) were orally dosed with 0, 0.06, 0.6, or 6 mg PCB 105/kg hen/week for 10 weeks to achieve cumulative doses of 0, 0.6, 6, or 60 mg PCB 105/kg hen after which hens were bred with untreated roosters once per week for 8 weeks. Except at week 6 of the egg-laying period when cumulative egg production in the 6 mg PCB 105/kg hen group was greater than controls, fertilized egg production was not significantly different between treatment groups. Embryo mortality and chick mortality were not significantly different between treatment groups. Total body and heart weights of all chicks 1 day posthatch (dph) were not different between groups, however, liver weights of chicks from the 60 mg/kg treatment group were greater than controls at 1 dph. The first chick to hatch from each hen was reared to 21 dph and among these birds, the total body, liver, and heart weights were not different between groups. There were no dose-related malformations of the beak or limbs, and no signs of subcutaneous edema, ascites, or pericardial edema in chicks at 1 or 21 dph. Hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities [ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD), benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD), and methyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (MROD)] were significantly elevated in chicks at 1 dph from hens given a cumulative PCB 105 dose of 6 mg/kg and in chicks at 21 dph from hens given a cumulative PCB dose of 60 mg/kg. These results indicate that a cumulative PCB 105 dose up to 60 mg/kg hen does not decrease the production of fertilized eggs or increase embryo or chick mortality in ring-necked pheasants, but does increase chick hepatic monooxygenase activity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"SpringerLink","doi":"10.1007/s002449900427","usgsCitation":"Hornung, M.W., Miller, L., Goodman, B., Melancon, M.J., and Peterson, R.E., 1998, Lack of developmental and reproductive toxicity of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-105) in ring-necked pheasants: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 646-653, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900427.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"653","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b42c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornung, M. W.","contributorId":41940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hornung","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, L.","contributorId":97221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodman, B.","contributorId":70900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodman","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, R. E.","contributorId":38682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223762,"text":"5223762 - 1998 - Winter habitat of Kirtland's warbler: an endangered nearctic/neotropical migrant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223762","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat of Kirtland's warbler: an endangered nearctic/neotropical migrant","docAbstract":"Habitats of Kirtland?s Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) on the wintering grounds in the Bahama Archipelago are presented based upon data from 29 specimens, two bandings, and 67 sightings of at least 61 individuals on 13 islands scattered through the region.  Major emphasis is placed on a study site in central Eleuthera, with additional information on sites on Grand Turk, North Caicos, and Crooked Island.  The warblers used upland habitats that have a low shrub/scrub component with a patchiness of small openings and openings within the vegetation at the ground level.  Six broad habitats were identified as being used: Natural Shrub/Scrub, Secondary Shrub/Scrub, Low Coppice, Pineland Understory, Saline/Upland Ecotone, and Suburban; High Coppice is not used.  The structure and floristic composition of the habitats are described. Observations (N=451) of a Kirtland?s Warbler male (uniquely color banded) and female over three months indicated the birds generally stayed on or near the ground, generally < 3 m (98% of observations), and used a territory of 8.3 ha.  A crude estimate of potential winter habitat suggests that there is more than an adequate amount in the Bahama Archipelago for the currently small warbler population (733 singing males in 1997) and allows for a considerable population increase.  No serious future threat to the amount of that habitat is foreseen. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., and Clench, M., 1998, Winter habitat of Kirtland's warbler: an endangered nearctic/neotropical migrant: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 110, no. 2, p. 244-261.","productDescription":"244-261","startPage":"244","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202234,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v110n02/p0244-p0261.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"110","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cad12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clench, M.H.","contributorId":10902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clench","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224551,"text":"5224551 - 1998 - The seventy-second Christmas bird count. 302.  Southern Dorchester County, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T00:30:23.691016","indexId":"5224551","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-second Christmas bird count. 302.  Southern Dorchester County, Md","docAbstract":"We located 511 Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) nests in bottomland hardwood forest of eastern Arkansas.  Microhabitat characteristics were measured and their relationship with nest success evaluated.  Fifty-two percent of all nesting attempts resulted in predation.  Attributes of nest placement were similar between successful and unsuccessful nests, although successful nests were placed higher.  Similarly, nonparasitized nests were typically higher than parasitized nests.  Nests initiated late in the breeding season were placed in larger trees with higher canopy bases resulting in increased vegetation around the nest.  Fifteen different tree species were used for nesting.  Acadian Flycatchers chose nest trees in a nonrandom fashion, selecting Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii) and possumhaw (Ilex decidua) in greater proportions than their availability.  However, there was no relationship between tree species used for nesting and nest success.  Nest height was positively correlated with concealment at the nest site, supporting the predator-avoidance theory.  No other attribute of nest placement differentiated successful nest sites, suggesting that nest predation is likely a function of random events in space and time.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1998, The seventy-second Christmas bird count. 302.  Southern Dorchester County, Md: Condor, v. 100, no. 4, p. 264-265.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db63415b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223795,"text":"5223795 - 1998 - Satellite tracking of threatened species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:36","indexId":"5223795","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":902,"text":"Argos Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite tracking of threatened species","docAbstract":"In 1990, a joint effort of two U.S. federal agencies, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, began. We initially joined forces in a project that used satellite telemetry to discover the winter home of a tiny dwindling population of Siberian Cranes. Since then several projects have emerged, and a web site was created to follow some of these activities.  This web site is called the Satellite Tracking of Threatened Species and its location is http://sdcd.gsfc.nasa.gov/ISTO/satellite_tracking.  It describes the overall program, and links you to three subsections that describe the projects in more detail: Satellite Direct Readout, Birdtracks, and Birdworld.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Argos Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Williams, M., Lunsford, A., Ellis, D., Robinson, J., Coronado, P., and Campbell, W., 1998, Satellite tracking of threatened species: Argos Newsletter, v. No. 53.","productDescription":"17","startPage":"17","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"No. 53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Murray","contributorId":100499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Murray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lunsford, A.","contributorId":55560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lunsford","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellis, D.","contributorId":108229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, J.","contributorId":73723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coronado, P.","contributorId":70521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coronado","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, W.","contributorId":14087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223448,"text":"5223448 - 1998 - Shorebird use of managed wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T10:12:57","indexId":"5223448","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shorebird use of managed wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"We assessed shorebird densities on managed wetland habitats during fall and winter within the primarily agricultural landscape of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.  From November through March, shorebird densities were greater on soybean fields than on rice or moist-soil fields.  Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) and Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) were common throughout winter, whereas Yellowlegs (Tringa spp.) and ?peep? sandpipers  (Calidris spp.) were present but less abundant.  During fall, Dowitchers (Limnodromus spp.), Pectoral Sandpipers (Calidris melanotos), Killdeer, and peep sandpipers were the most abundant species on managed shorebird habitat units.  Although shorebird densities were consistently greater on habitats managed by drawing down existing water, we were unable to detect a significant difference in densities from areas managed by flooding previously dry habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0140:SUOMWI]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., Nelms, C.O., Rettig, V., and Aycock, S.R., 1998, Shorebird use of managed wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: American Midland Naturalist, v. 140, no. 1, p. 140-152, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0140:SUOMWI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199902,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelms, Curtis O.","contributorId":176543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelms","given":"Curtis","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rettig, Virginia","contributorId":21255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettig","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aycock, S. Ray","contributorId":80385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aycock","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223432,"text":"5223432 - 1998 - First breeding records of whooping swan and brambling in North America at Attu Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T00:34:47.605941","indexId":"5223432","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:46","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First breeding records of whooping swan and brambling in North America at Attu Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"We document the first breeding records of Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) and Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla) in Alaska and North America on Attu Island in the Western Aleutians in the spring of 1996.  Five cygnets were seen with adults and the nest located, and a territorial pair of Bramblings was observed and a nest with eggs found.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369909","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., and Sonneborn, D., 1998, First breeding records of whooping swan and brambling in North America at Attu Island, Alaska: Condor, v. 100, no. 1, p. 162-164, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369909.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479674,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369909","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545381","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sonneborn, D.W.","contributorId":60350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonneborn","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222694,"text":"5222694 - 1998 - Yellow-throated Bunting at Attu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:50","indexId":"5222694","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1633,"text":"Field Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Yellow-throated Bunting at Attu","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., 1998, Yellow-throated Bunting at Attu: Field Notes, v. 52, no. 3, p. 398-403.","productDescription":"398-403","startPage":"398","endPage":"403","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b3e4b07f02db53186d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223312,"text":"5223312 - 1998 - Variations in growth of roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks: II. Early growth as an index of parental quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T00:36:21.20069","indexId":"5223312","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in growth of roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks: II. Early growth as an index of parental quality","docAbstract":"We measured growth of Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks at a colony in Connecticut in 10 successive years.  Data on body mass during the first three to four days of life were fitted to a quadratic regression model, yielding three parameters of early growth for each of 1,551 chicks: mass at hatching (Mo), linear growth (a) and quadratic growth (b).  First chicks in each brood (A-chicks) exceeded second chicks (B-chicks) in each of the three growth parameters; A-chicks from broods of two grew faster than single chicks during the first three days.  Mo depended on egg mass, hatch order, hatch date, and year.  The linear coefficient (a) depended on hatch date, hatch order, and year, but not on egg mass or Mo.  The quadratic coefficient (b) depended on a, hatch date, Mo, and hatch order.  Subsequent growth and survival of chicks were predicted well by these parameters of early growth, with b contributing more to these predictions than Mo or a.  After controlling for effects of early growth, none of the other variables measured (hatch date, egg mass, parental age, hatch interval between chicks, mass difference between chicks, female-female pairing, or trapping) contributed significantly to explaining later growth and survival.  Year effects were substantial in only two of the 10 years of study.  Individual pairs were consistent in performance (as indexed by chick growth) in successive years.  These results suggest that growth and survival of Roseate Tern chicks are determined primarily by parental quality; much of the information about parental quality is expressed by the time the eggs are laid, and most of it is expressed by the time the chicks are three days old.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369019","usgsCitation":"Nisbet, I., Spendelow, J., Hatfield, J., Zingo, J.M., and Gough, G., 1998, Variations in growth of roseate tern (Sterna dougallii) chicks: II. Early growth as an index of parental quality: Condor, v. 100, no. 2, p. 305-315, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369019.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zingo, James M.","contributorId":79572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zingo","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gough, G.A.","contributorId":105013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223790,"text":"5223790 - 1998 - Effects of radio transmitters on migrating wood thrushes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223790","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of radio transmitters on migrating wood thrushes","docAbstract":"We quantified the effects of radio transmitters on Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) using 4 yr of banding and telemetry data from Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia.  Flight performance models suggest that the 1.6-g transmitter shortens the migratory range of Wood Thrushes by only 60 km, and the estimated migratory range is adequate to accomplish migration even with limited fat stores.  We used two strengths of line, 5- and 9-kg test-strength braided Dacron, to attach the transmitters using the thigh-harness method.  We recaptured 13 returning radio-marked Wood Thrushes, seven of which were still marked.  Six of the seven birds marked with the 5-kg test harnesses lost their transmitters within 1 yr while all six of the 9-kg test harnesses were still attached up to 21 mo later.  Radio-marking did not reduce the return rates of adults and immatures, and the transmitters did not cause radio-marked birds to lose more mass than banded-only birds.  Wood Thrushes can successfully carry a transmitter during migration with no detectable negative effects.  We recommend continued use of the thigh-harness method, but we encourage the use of 5-kg cotton line.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Powell, L., Krementz, D., Lang, J.D., and Conroy, M., 1998, Effects of radio transmitters on migrating wood thrushes: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 2, p. 306-315.","productDescription":"306-315","startPage":"306","endPage":"315","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17246,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v069n02/p0306-p0315.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"69","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6119ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lang, J. D.","contributorId":88058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lang","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223768,"text":"5223768 - 1998 - Blood changes in mallards exposed to white phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T09:33:54","indexId":"5223768","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Blood changes in mallards exposed to white phosphorus","docAbstract":"<p>White phosphorus (P<sub>4</sub>) has been extensively used by the military for various purposes, including marking artillery impacts and as an obscurant. Target practice in an Alaskan tidal marsh during the last 4 decades has deposited large amounts of P<sub>4</sub> particles in sediments and water, which have resulted in die-offs of several waterfowl species. Because the toxicity of P<sub>4</sub> in birds has not been well documented and because it is quickly excreted or metabolized in living animals, we sought to determine the effects of experimental dosing on blood characteristics in game farm mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>). In two experiments, one employing single doses of 5.4 mg P<sub>4</sub> per kilogram body weight in corn oil and the other using daily repeated doses of pelletized P<sub>4</sub> at either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg, there were significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inorganic P, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. Other indications of exposure included changes in uric acid, creatinine, and total protein, which were consistent with reported liver and kidney damage due to this contaminant. Changes in white blood cells included a greater frequency of thrombocytes and fewer lymphocytes in dosed birds compared to controls. A biomarker of exposure based on LDH activity and hemoglobin is proposed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620171221","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Vann, S., and Grove, R.A., 1998, Blood changes in mallards exposed to white phosphorus: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 12, p. 2521-2529, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620171221.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2521","endPage":"2529","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620171221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202272,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db6078e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, Donald W.","contributorId":7220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vann, S.","contributorId":41561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223804,"text":"5223804 - 1998 - Managing island biotas:  Can indigenous species be protected from introduced predators such as the brown treesnake?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223804","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3638,"text":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing island biotas:  Can indigenous species be protected from introduced predators such as the brown treesnake?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rodda, G., Fritts, T.H., Perry, G., and Campbell, E., 1998, Managing island biotas:  Can indigenous species be protected from introduced predators such as the brown treesnake?: Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, v. 63, p. 95-108.","productDescription":"95-108","startPage":"95","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200212,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64abca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, G.","contributorId":91818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, E.W. III","contributorId":55390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"E.W.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223777,"text":"5223777 - 1998 - Validity of the Red Wolf: Response to Roy et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T12:26:11.85688","indexId":"5223777","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validity of the Red Wolf: Response to Roy et al.","docAbstract":"<p>No access available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97287.x","usgsCitation":"Nowak, R.M., and Federoff, N., 1998, Validity of the Red Wolf: Response to Roy et al.: Conservation Biology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 722-725, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.97287.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"725","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.39100243784705,\n              32.059533747583046\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.42901273966363,\n              31.451898156449218\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.09518275450453,\n              30.458579038387356\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.64271695407975,\n              29.369437276493244\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.98086816926578,\n              28.7009123476695\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.3805727274236,\n              29.635663232645115\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.60184923129292,\n              29.686397318466305\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.4959286213451,\n              29.33085204528406\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.93731079304577,\n              29.000284064924585\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.3214379273082,\n              28.059201838267654\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.67828886116506,\n              27.394042562529876\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.30047071062783,\n              26.167735191148253\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.48573722670405,\n              25.76297107249549\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.91417062437533,\n              25.855790670852883\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.18280103506324,\n              26.685100477395764\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.27531396586507,\n              27.301918025162323\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.16898441958553,\n              28.492486774373845\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.32151004954274,\n              28.490096529579787\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4208586621311,\n              29.243800418483957\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.11347795295505,\n              29.412122332966106\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.44760009569531,\n              29.142688926168276\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.95445912273483,\n              28.69727976889304\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12842117201826,\n              29.843226870959484\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.46733724513332,\n              30.033633818841693\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.79114534699721,\n              29.803272518476305\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.51332170473387,\n              29.055447058600436\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.94911604405577,\n              29.807506813732516\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.01720934291569,\n              28.69057003274594\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.09021100941015,\n              27.823540488402983\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.62197361039041,\n              26.86289842447458\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9585356489253,\n              24.919851713472198\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.14673576891879,\n              24.935739212799717\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.83478791751902,\n              26.411631969566727\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.26144692581653,\n              27.953229255973824\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27115096015558,\n              30.42139064298607\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.10569393524908,\n              30.724189567081808\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1164335318428,\n              30.11480702547979\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.34296785633573,\n              29.404228786837905\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.44074471213497,\n              30.051725228073323\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.12468359658148,\n              30.287053834665002\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.74506674477966,\n              32.2903611159614\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.09064176695134,\n              32.605894048173326\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.47030276984809,\n              34.86880374179404\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.33937820777403,\n              34.77843308982331\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.24830051354384,\n              35.05808492081985\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.18408911650761,\n              35.052455166505794\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.80774219636807,\n              34.76255488012734\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.6855029104391,\n              34.65464397956735\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.8753903334391,\n              33.4422211924099\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32574523861668,\n              34.38984955493274\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.99038255498229,\n              34.30388764760659\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.38583069140009,\n              35.556039136874446\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.59085120537429,\n              36.68590121761005\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.41282364971744,\n              36.60986510546435\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.55275014058549,\n              36.788889030790074\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.1716941869185,\n              35.05564646328742\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.45628056012318,\n              31.996205297091308\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.47032804141156,\n              31.2031204176744\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.84350356727509,\n              31.10250138246576\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.42535187348258,\n              31.114270964141113\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.71175545574869,\n              32.25996294456678\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.76799682855184,\n              33.63707701685095\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.04419659484651,\n              34.97164018417847\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.15670721930374,\n              36.57403532693101\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.46852784720018,\n              36.889578248063685\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.37175866316917,\n              37.49466040447507\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.43330202654231,\n              37.87496362280534\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.2289331063744,\n              38.58423376253444\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.02550867216254,\n              38.31728432062039\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.93231741849453,\n              37.983737186947096\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.13656450164599,\n              37.33740445578161\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.43215703221735,\n              37.01927930157932\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.28580290440988,\n              37.34194291277244\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.89396869970382,\n              37.74983724692578\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.61832832730593,\n              38.54549979290513\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.4342367816792,\n              39.77454496845604\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56760029544976,\n              39.61670699876467\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.55589400157248,\n              40.00199932558428\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.7917197083782,\n              40.55272620992659\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.64918972638674,\n              41.4944304919527\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.27143488963236,\n              42.226082717482996\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.77151420105639,\n              42.30034049155935\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.63175534726798,\n              41.36625547011667\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.59961459874035,\n              38.44976648482597\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.6293093530423,\n              38.98634393623868\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.62883361082231,\n              39.054929003066235\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6964589275818,\n              37.07942753636806\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.02409551646426,\n              37.0497877869542\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.29682343276602,\n              38.493366895631794\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.91646807394551,\n              39.95609207026351\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.21457236511355,\n              40.317173349660635\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.82514890984109,\n              40.76049648564356\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.14642789429124,\n              39.987079916436215\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.10078483195386,\n              37.09967192022482\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.14681386151841,\n              37.093076874226014\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.14051493611322,\n              32.1047458668659\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.39100243784705,\n              32.059533747583046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-07-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f14e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowak, R. M.","contributorId":51870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Federoff, N.E.","contributorId":50492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federoff","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223797,"text":"5223797 - 1998 - Reservoir competence of Microtus pennsylvanicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T16:28:46.293045","indexId":"5223797","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2385,"text":"Journal of Medical Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir competence of Microtus pennsylvanicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reservoir competence of the meadow vole,&nbsp;</span><i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i><span>&nbsp;Ord, for the Lyme disease spirochete&nbsp;</span><i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i><span>&nbsp;Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt &amp; Brenner was established on Patience Island, RI. Meadow voles were collected from 5 locations throughout Rhode Island. At 4 of the field sites,&nbsp;</span><i>M. pennsylvanicus</i><span>&nbsp;represented only 4.0% (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 141) of the animals captured. However, on Patience Island,&nbsp;</span><i>M. pennsylvanicus</i><span>&nbsp;was the sole small mammal collected (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 48). Of the larval&nbsp;</span><i>Ixodes scapularis</i><span>&nbsp;Say obtained from the meadow voles on Patience Island, 62% (</span><i>n</i><span>&nbsp;= 78) was infected with&nbsp;</span><i>B. burgdorferi</i><span>. Meadow voles from all 5 locations were successfully infected with&nbsp;</span><i>B. burgdorferi</i><span>&nbsp;in the laboratory and were capable of passing the infection to xenodiagnostic&nbsp;</span><i>I. scapularis</i><span>&nbsp;larvae for 9 wk. We concluded that&nbsp;</span><i>M. pennsylvanicus</i><span>&nbsp;was physiologically capable of maintaining&nbsp;</span><i>B. burgdorferi</i><span>&nbsp;infection. However, in locations where&nbsp;</span><i>Peromyscus leucopus</i><span>&nbsp;(Rafinesque) is abundant, the role of&nbsp;</span><i>M. pennsylvanicus</i><span>&nbsp;as a primary reservoir for&nbsp;</span><i>B. burgdorferi</i><span>&nbsp;was reduced.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jmedent/35.5.804","usgsCitation":"Markowski, D., Ginsberg, H., Hyland, K., and Hu, R., 1998, Reservoir competence of Microtus pennsylvanicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) for the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi: Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 35, no. 5, p. 804-808, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/35.5.804.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"804","endPage":"808","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/176","text":"External Repository"},{"id":202190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c5be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markowski, D.","contributorId":83227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyland, K.E.","contributorId":79984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyland","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hu, R.","contributorId":57190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223454,"text":"5223454 - 1998 - Estimating rates of local species extinction, colonization and turnover in animal communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T10:10:48","indexId":"5223454","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating rates of local species extinction, colonization and turnover in animal communities","docAbstract":"Species richness has been identified as a useful state variable for conservation and management purposes.  Changes in richness over time provide a basis for predicting and evaluating community responses to management, to natural disturbance, and to changes in factors such as community composition (e.g., the removal of a keystone species).  Probabilistic capture-recapture models have been used recently to estimate species richness from species count and presence-absence data.  These models do not require the common assumption that all species are detected in sampling efforts.  We extend this approach to the development of estimators useful for studying the vital rates responsible for changes in animal communities over time; rates of local species extinction, turnover, and colonization.  Our approach to estimation is based on capture-recapture models for closed animal populations that permit heterogeneity in detection probabilities among the different species in the sampled community.  We have developed a computer program, COMDYN, to compute many of these estimators and associated bootstrap variances.  Analyses using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) suggested that the estimators performed reasonably well.  We recommend estimators based on probabilistic modeling for future work on community responses to management efforts as well as on basic questions about community dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[1213:EROLSE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Boulinier, T., Hines, J., Pollock, K.H., and Sauer, J., 1998, Estimating rates of local species extinction, colonization and turnover in animal communities: Ecological Applications, v. 8, no. 4, p. 1213-1225, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[1213:EROLSE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1213","endPage":"1225","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db64863f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. jnichols@usgs.gov","contributorId":139082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, K. H.","contributorId":65184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223506,"text":"5223506 - 1998 - Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T16:51:54.286444","indexId":"5223506","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>) eggs prior to incubation","title":"Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Double-crested cormorant (</span><i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i><span>) eggs were injected with either 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] 126; 70-698 μg/kg egg) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxin (TCDD; 1.3-11.7 μg/kg egg) prior to incubation. These compounds were injected into the yolks of cormorant eggs collected from incomplete clutches at isolated colonies on Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, Canada. Eggs were incubated for approximately 26 to 28 d. After hatching the brain, bursa, heart, liver, and spleen were dissected and weighed. Torsos were preserved in formalin for examination of the gonads. Median lethal doses (LD50s) calculated from mortality data at hatching were 177 and 4.0 μg/kg egg for PCB 126 and TCDD, respectively. No significant differences were found in the incidence of developmental abnormalities in any of the treatment groups. Bursa weights were significantly less in the greatest (11.7 μg/kg egg) TCDD group compared to the vehicle control group. Spleen weights were significantly less in the 349 μg PCB 126/kg egg and the 5.4 and 11.7 μg TCDD/kg egg groups when compared to the vehicle control group. No histological alterations of the gonads were found. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-</span><i>O</i><span>-deethylase activity in all PCB 126 and TCDD dose groups was significantly greater compared to the control activity. The toxic equivalency factor for PCB 126 was 0.02.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620171020","usgsCitation":"Powell, D., Aulerich, R., Meadows, J., Tillitt, D.E., Kelly, M., Stromborg, K., Melancon, M.J., Fitzgerald, S., and Bursian, S., 1998, Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin injected into the yolks of double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs prior to incubation: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 10, p. 2035-2040, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620171020.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2035","endPage":"2040","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6252d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, D.C.","contributorId":72899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulerich, R.J.","contributorId":39904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulerich","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meadows, J.C.","contributorId":91962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, M.E.","contributorId":73312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fitzgerald, S.D.","contributorId":10515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bursian, S.J.","contributorId":16127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursian","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
]}