We assessed the relative importance of environmental variation, interspecific competition for space, and predator abundance on assemblage structure and microhabitat use in a stream fish assemblage inhabiting Coweeta Creek, North Carolina, USA. Our study encompassed a 10–yr time span (1983–1992) and included some of the highest and lowest flows in the last 58 years. We collected 16 seasonal samples which included data on: (1) habitat availability (total and microhabitat) and microhabitat diversity, (2) assemblage structure (i.e., the number and abundances of species comprising a subset of the community), and (3) microhabitat use and overlap. We classified habitat availability data on the basis of year, season, and hydrologic period. Hydrologic period (i.e., pre–drought [PR], drought [D], and post–drought [PO]) represented the temporal location of a sample with respect to a four–year drought that occurred during the study. Hydrologic period explained a greater amount of variance in habitat availability data than either season or year. Total habitat availability was significantly greater during PO than in PR or D, although microhabitat diversity did not differ among either seasons or hydrologic periods. There were significantly fewer high–flow events (i.e., ≥2.1 m3/s) during D than in either PR or PO periods. We observed a total of 16 species during our investigation, and the total number of species was significantly higher in D than in PR samples. Correlation analyses between the number of species present (total and abundant species) and environmental data yielded limited results, although the total number of species was inversely correlated with total habitat availability. A cluster analysis grouped assemblage structure samples by hydrologic period rather than season or year, supporting the contention that variation in annual flow had a strong impact on this assemblage. The drought had little effect on the numerical abundance of benthic species in this assemblage; however, a majority of water–column species increased in abundance. The increased abundances of water–column species may have been related to the decrease in high-flow events observed during the drought. Such high–flow events are known to cause mortality in stream fishes. Microhabitat use data showed that species belonged to one of three microhabitat guilds: benthic, lower water column, and mid water column. In general, species within the same guild did not exhibit statistically distinguishable patterns of microhabitat use, and most significant differences occurred between members of different guilds. However, lower water–column guild species frequentlywere not separable from all members of either benthic or mid–water–column species. Variations in the abundance of potential competitors or predators did not produce strong shifts in microhabitat use by assemblage members. Predators were present in the site in only 9 of 16 seasonal samples and never were abundant (maximum number observed per day was 2). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that variability in both mean and peak flows had a much stronger effect on the structure and use of spatial resources within this assemblage then either interspecific competition for space or predation. Consequently, we suspect that the patterns in both assemblage structure and resource use displayed by fishes in Coweeta Creek arose from the interaction between environmental variation and species–specific evolutionary constraints on behavior, morphology, and physiology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0395:AOISFE]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Grossman, G., Ratajczak, R., Crawford, M.M., and Freeman, M.C., 1998, Assemblage organization in stream fishes: Effects of environmental variation and interspecific interactions: Ecological Monographs, v. 68, no. 3, p. 395-420, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0395:AOISFE]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198429,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coweeta Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.38526807867306,\n 35.087349418853464\n ],\n [\n -83.43707831704533,\n 35.087349418853464\n ],\n [\n -83.43707831704533,\n 35.05232902906687\n ],\n [\n -83.38526807867306,\n 35.05232902906687\n ],\n [\n -83.38526807867306,\n 35.087349418853464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grossman, Gary D.","contributorId":316426,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grossman","given":"Gary D.","affiliations":[{"id":68595,"text":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratajczak, R. E. Jr.","contributorId":95982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ratajczak","given":"R. E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, M. M.","contributorId":21660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223763,"text":"5223763 - 1998 - Impact of a rare storm event on an Amazonian forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223763","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of a rare storm event on an Amazonian forest","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biotropica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00081.x","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., and Terborgh, J., 1998, Impact of a rare storm event on an Amazonian forest: Biotropica, v. 30, no. 3, p. 470-474, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00081.x.","productDescription":"470-474","startPage":"470","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17168,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00081.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terborgh, J.","contributorId":33253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terborgh","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223338,"text":"5223338 - 1998 - Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T16:58:05.335677","indexId":"5223338","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns","docAbstract":"The effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, PCB 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentaCB) and PCB 77 (3,3′4,4′-tetraCB), were examined in chicken (Gallus gallus), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), and common tern (Sterna hirundo) embryos through hatching, following air cell injections on day 4. PCB 126 caused malformations and edema in chickens starting at 0.3 ppb, in kestrels at 2.3 to 23 ppb, but in terns only at levels affecting hatching success (44 ppb). Extent of edema was most severe in chickens and least in terns. Defects of the beak were common in all species but with crossed beak most prevalent in terns. Effects on embryo growth were most apparent for PCB 126 in chickens and kestrels. The approximate 50% lethal dose (LD50) for PCB 126 in chickens was 0.4 ppb, in kestrels was 65 ppb, and in terns was 104 ppb. The approximate LD50 for PCB 77 in chickens was 2.6 ppb and in kestrels was 316 ppb. Induction of cytochrome P450 associated monooxygenase activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity) by PCB 126 in chick embryo liver was about 800 times more responsive than in tern and at least 1,000 times more responsive than in kestrel. High concentrations of PCB 126 found in bald eagle eggs are nearly 20-fold higher than the lowest toxic concentration tested in kestrels. Concentrations of PCB 126 causing low-level toxic effects in common tern eggs are comparable to highest levels in common terns and Forster's terns in the field, suggesting additional involvement of other compounds in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170432","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Melancon, M.J., Klein, P.N., Eisemann, J., and Spann, J.W., 1998, Comparative developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 4, p. 747-757, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170432.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"747","endPage":"757","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198411,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aee5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, P. N.","contributorId":33261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eisemann, J.D.","contributorId":108220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spann, J. W.","contributorId":93435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223787,"text":"5223787 - 1998 - Digital playback and improved trap design enhance capture of migrant Soras and Virginia Rails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T17:01:50","indexId":"5223787","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital playback and improved trap design enhance capture of migrant Soras and Virginia Rails","docAbstract":"We used playback of rail vocalizations and improved trap design to enhance capture of fall migrant Soras (Porzana carolina) and Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola) in marshes bordering the tidal Patuxent River, Maryland. Custom-fabricated microchip message repeating sound systems provided digitally recorded sound for long-life, high-quality playback. A single sound system accompanied each 30-45 m long drift fence trap line fitted with 1-3 cloverleaf traps. Ramped funnel entrances improved retention of captured rails and deterred raccoon (Procyon lotor) predation. Use of playback and improved trap design increased trap success by over an order of magnitude and resulted in capture and banding of 2315 Soras and 276 Virginia Rails during September and October 1993-1997. The Sora captures more than doubled the banding records for the species in North America. This capture success demonstrates the efficacy of banding large numbers of Soras and Virginia Rails on migration and winter concentration areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists, Inc","usgsCitation":"Kearns, G.D., Kwartin, N.B., Brinker, D.F., and Haramis, G., 1998, Digital playback and improved trap design enhance capture of migrant Soras and Virginia Rails: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 3, p. 466-473.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17180,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4514344"},{"id":201899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db65823d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kearns, Gregory D.","contributorId":28331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kearns","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwartin, Nina B.","contributorId":68862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kwartin","given":"Nina","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":33433,"text":"University of Maryland, College Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinker, David F.","contributorId":207103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brinker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":33964,"text":"Maryland Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":339493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haramis, G. Michael mharamis@usgs.gov","contributorId":4001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haramis","given":"G. Michael","email":"mharamis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223337,"text":"5223337 - 1998 - Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T17:00:07.349256","indexId":"5223337","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards","docAbstract":"Adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed a control diet or diets containing 10 ppm mercury as methylmercury chloride, 10 ppm selenium as seleno-DL-methionine, or 10 ppm mercury plus 10 ppm selenium. One of 12 adult males fed 10 ppm mercury died, and eight others suffered paralysis of the legs by the time the study was terminated. However, when the diet contained 10 ppm selenium in addition to the 10 ppm mercury, none of 12 males became sick. In contrast to the protective effect of selenium against mercury poisoning in males, selenium plus mercury was worse than selenium or mercury alone for some measurements of reproductive success. Both selenium and mercury lowered duckling production through reductions in hatching success and survival of ducklings, but the combination of mercury plus selenium was worse than either mercury or selenium alone. Controls produced an average of 7.6 young per female, females fed 10 ppm selenium produced an average of 2.8 young, females fed 10 ppm mercury produced 1.1 young, and females fed both mercury and selenium produced 0.2 young. Teratogenic effects also were worse for the combined mercury plus selenium treatment; deformities were recorded in 6.1% of the embryos of controls, 16.4% for those fed methylmercury chloride, 36.2% for those fed selenomethionine, and 73.4% for those fed methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine. The presence of methylmercury in the diet greatly enhanced the storage of selenium in tissues. The livers of males fed 10 ppm selenium contained a mean of 9.6 ppm selenium, whereas the livers of males fed 10 ppm selenium plus 10 ppm mercury contained a mean of 114 ppm selenium. However, selenium did not enhance the storage of mercury. The results show that mercury and selenium may be antagonistic to each other for adults and synergistic to young, even within the same experiment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170202","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., and Hoffman, D.J., 1998, Methylmercury chloride and selenomethionine interactions on health and reproduction in mallards: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 139-145, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170202.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198410,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62d751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223792,"text":"5223792 - 1998 - Induction of cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases in northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, by 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-07T12:15:57.175211","indexId":"5223792","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Induction of cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases in northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, by 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl","title":"Induction of cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases in northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, by 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl","docAbstract":"Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were injected intraperitoneally either with a solution of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 126 in corn oil at a concentration of 0.2, 0.7, 2.3, or 7.8 mg/kg body weight or with corn oil alone. Appropriate assay conditions with hepatic microsomes were determined for four cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases: ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD), methoxy-ROD (MROD), benzyloxy-ROD (BROD), and pentoxy-ROD (PROD). One week after PCB administration, the specific activities of EROD, MROD, BROD, and PROD were not elevated at doses ≤0.7 mg/kg (p > 0.05) but were significantly increased at doses ≥2.3 mg/kg compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). The increased activities of these four enzymes were 3 to 6.4 times those in the control groups. The increased activities were maintained for at least 4 weeks. Because of a lack of induction at low doses of PCB 126, which were still relatively high compared to currently known environmental concentrations, we suspect that EROD, MROD, BROD, and PROD activities are not sensitive biomarkers for coplanar PCB exposure in leopard frogs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170818","usgsCitation":"Huang, Y., Melancon, M.J., Jung, R., and Karasov, W.H., 1998, Induction of cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases in northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, by 3,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 8, p. 1564-1569, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170818.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1564","endPage":"1569","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200360,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":425381,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122672071/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"17","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef04c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huang, Y.-W.","contributorId":43888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Y.-W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jung, R.E.","contributorId":66213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jung","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karasov, W. H.","contributorId":25889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karasov","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223339,"text":"5223339 - 1998 - Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallard ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T17:06:54.312299","indexId":"5223339","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallard ducks","docAbstract":"Earlier studies have reported on the toxicity and related oxidative stress of different forms of Se, including seleno- D,L-methionine, in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). This study compares the effects of Se (seleno-D,L-methionine) and Hg (methylmercury chloride) separately and in combination. Mallard drakes received one of the following diets: untreated feed (controls), or feed containing 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, or 10 ppm Se in combination with 10 ppm Hg. After 10 weeks, blood, liver, and brain samples were collected for biochemical assays. The following clinical and biochemical alterations occurred in response to Hg exposure: hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations decreased; activities of the enzymes glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (plasma and liver), glutathione-S-transferase (liver), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) (liver and brain) decreased; hepatic oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration increased relative to reduced glutathione (GSH); and lipid peroxidation in the brain was detected by increased thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). Effects of Se alone included increased hepatic GSSG reductase activity and brain TBARS concentration. Selenium in combination with Hg partially or totally alleviated effects of Hg on GSH peroxidase, G-6-PDH, and GSSG. These findings are compared in relation to field observations for diving ducks and other aquatic birds. It is concluded that since both Hg and excess Se can affect thiol status, measurement of associated enzymes in conjunction with thiol status may be a useful bioindicator to discriminate between Hg and Se effects. The ability of Se to restore the activities of G-6-PDH, GSH peroxidase, and glutathione status involved in antioxidative defense mechanisms may be crucial to biological protection from the toxic effects of methylmercury.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170204","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., and Heinz, G.H., 1998, Effects of mercury and selenium on glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in mallard ducks: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 161-166, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170204.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611b71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223329,"text":"5223329 - 1998 - Estimating population change from count data: Application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-02T10:14:33","indexId":"5223329","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating population change from count data: Application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"For birds and many other animal taxa, surveys that collect count data form a primary source of information on population change. Because counts are only indices to population size, care must be taken in using them in analyses of population change. Temporal or geographic differences in the proportion of animals counted can be misinterpreted as differences in population size. Therefore, temporally or geographically varying factors that influence the proportion of animals counted must be incorporated as covariables in the analysis of population parameters from count data. We describe the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) for illustration. The BBS is a major, landscape-level survey of birds in North America; it is typical of many count surveys, in that the same sample units (survey routes) are sampled each year, and change is modeled on these routes over time. We identify covariables related to observer ability, the omission of which can bias estimation of population change from BBS data. Controlling for observer effects or other potential sources of confounding requires the specification of models relating counts to population size. We begin with a partial model specification relating expected counts to population sizes; we describe estimators currently in use in relation to this partial specification. Additional assumptions lead to a class of over-dispersed multinomial models, for which we describe estimators of population change and procedures for parsimonious model selection. We illustrate the use of over-dispersed multinomial models by an application to data for Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus).","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0258:EPCFCD]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Link, W., and Sauer, J., 1998, Estimating population change from count data: Application to the North American Breeding Bird Survey: Ecological Applications, v. 8, no. 2, p. 258-268, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0258:EPCFCD]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. wlink@usgs.gov","contributorId":3465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William A.","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223757,"text":"5223757 - 1998 - A new species of Bachia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with pleisomorphic limb morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223757","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new species of Bachia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with pleisomorphic limb morphology","docAbstract":"We describe a new species of Bachia from the upper Rio Negro drainage of southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela. The new taxon is diagnosed by a complement of phalanges that is unique among gymnophthalmid lizards and intermediate relative to other Bachia and closely related genera. Variation in limb osteology among the species of Bachia and close relatives is reported. We discuss the distribution of B. panoplia and the taxonomic status of B. flavescens.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetologica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"5214_Kizirian.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kizirian, D., and McDiarmid, R., 1998, A new species of Bachia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with pleisomorphic limb morphology: Herpetologica, v. 54, no. 2, p. 245-253.","productDescription":"245-253","startPage":"245","endPage":"253","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17181,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3893430","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":201466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6abac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kizirian, D.A.","contributorId":99673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kizirian","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDiarmid, R.W.","contributorId":15130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223806,"text":"5223806 - 1998 - Effect of restrictive harvest regulations on survival and recovery rates of American black ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T11:10:12.698816","indexId":"5223806","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of restrictive harvest regulations on survival and recovery rates of American black ducks","docAbstract":"Population management of waterfowl requires an understanding of the effects of changes in hunting regulations on harvest and survival rates. Mean survival and recovery rates of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) were estimated during 3 periods of increasingly restrictive harvest regulations: 1950-66, 1967-82, and 1983-93. From the first to the second period, direct recovery rates declined for at least 1 age class in 4 of 6 reference areas, with a mean decline of 14% for adult and 7% for immature black ducks. From the second to the third period, direct recovery rates declined in all areas, declines averaging 37% for adults and 27% for immatures. Estimated mean survival rates increased from the first to the second period, consistent with a model of additivity of hunting mortality. Limited evidence existed for increases in survival rates from the second to the third period for immature males. For adults, however, survival increased less between these periods than would be expected if hunting mortality were additive and changes in recovery rates were proportional to changes in hunting mortality. Changes in survival and recovery rates of black ducks banded postseason were similar to those of adults banded preseason. Comparisons among estimates by degree blocks of latitude and longitude indicate that, at least between 1967 and 1983, estimated survival rates of immature and adult black ducks were lower in areas with high direct recovery rates. Smaller samples of banded birds and changes in banding locations in recent years may be limiting ability to evaluate consequences of recent changes in harvest rates. These correlation-based studies are limited in their ability to explain causes of observed changes in survival rates, suggesting the need for alternative approaches such as adaptive harvest management to increase understanding of the effects of hunting on black duck populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802021","usgsCitation":"Francis, C., Sauer, J., and Serie, J., 1998, Effect of restrictive harvest regulations on survival and recovery rates of American black ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 4, p. 1544-1557, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1557","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4884e4b07f02db518392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Serie, J.R.","contributorId":54919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223377,"text":"5223377 - 1998 - Mercury in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T13:21:40.060444","indexId":"5223377","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Mercury methylation may be enhanced in wetlands and humic-rich, blackwater systems that crocodiles and alligators typically inhabit. Given their high trophic level and long life-spans, crocodilians could accumulate significant burdens of Hg. Our objectives were to survey Hg concentrations in alligators from several areas in the southeastern United States to test their utility as sentinels of Hg contamination, to examine relationships among Hg concentrations in various tissues and to look for any differences in tissue Hg concentrations among locations. We measured total Hg concentrations in alligators collected in the Florida Everglades (n=18), the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia (n=9), the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina (n=49) and various locations in central Florida (n=21), sampling tissues including blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, bone, fat, spleen, claws and dermal scutes. Alligators from the Everglades were mostly juvenile, but Hg concentrations in tissues were high (means: liver 41.0, kidney 36.4, muscle 5.6 mg Hg/kg dry wt.). Concentrations in alligators from other locations in Florida were lower (means: liver 14.6, kidney 12.6, muscle 1.8 mg Hg/kg dry wt.), although they tended to be larger adults. Alligators from the Okefenokee were smallest and had the lowest Hg concentrations (means: liver 4.3, kidney 4.8, muscle 0.8 mg Hg/kg dry wt.). SRS alligators had the greatest size range and intermediate Hg levels (means: liver 14.9, muscle 4.8 mg Hg/kg dry wt.). At some locations, alligator length was correlated with Hg concentrations in some internal organs. However, at three of the four locations, muscle Hg was not related to length. Tissue Hg concentrations were correlated at most locations however, claw or dermal scute Hg explained less than 74% of the variation of Hg in muscle or organs, suggesting readily-obtained tissues, such as scutes or claws, have limited value for non-destructive screening of Hg in alligator populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00098-9","usgsCitation":"Jagoe, C.H., Arnold-Hill, B., Yanochko, G.M., Winger, P.V., and Brisbin, I.L., 1998, Mercury in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in the southeastern United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 213, no. 1-3, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00098-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624bf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagoe, C. H.","contributorId":97456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagoe","given":"C.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold-Hill, B.","contributorId":25265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold-Hill","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yanochko, G. M.","contributorId":49075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanochko","given":"G.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brisbin, I. L. Jr.","contributorId":73713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brisbin","given":"I.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223326,"text":"5223326 - 1998 - Association of mercury and selenium with altered glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in diving ducks from the San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T17:19:53.343268","indexId":"5223326","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Association of mercury and selenium with altered glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in diving ducks from the San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"Ault male greater scaup (Aythya marila), surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata), and ruddy ducks (Oxyurajamaicensis) were collected from Suisun Bay and coastal Tomales Bay in the greater San Francisco Bay area to assess exposure to inorganic contaminants. Hepatic Se concentrations were highest in greater scaup (geometric mean = 67 ppm dry weight) and surf scoters (119 ppm) in Suisun Bay, whereas hepatic Hg was highest (19 ppm) in greater scaup and surf scoters from Tomales Bay. Hepatic Se and Hg were lower in ruddy ducks and did not differ between locations. Hepatic supernatants were assayed for enzymes related to glutathione metabolism and antioxidant activity, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH peroxidase), glutathione reductase (GSSG reductase), and glutathione-S-transferase (GSH transferase). Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in surf scoters and ruddy ducks, and G-6-PDH was higher in greater scaup and surf scoters from Suisun Bay than Tomales Bay. Glutathione reductase (GSSG) was higher in SS from Suisun Bay. The ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) was greater in all species from Tomales Bay. The following significant relationships were found in one or more species with increasing hepatic Hg concentration: lower body, liver, and heart weights; decreased hepatic GSH concentration and G-6-PDH and GSH peroxidase activities; increased ratio of GSSG to GSH; and increased GSSG reductase activity. With increasing hepatic Se concentration, GSH peroxidase increased, but GSH decreased. It is concluded that measurement of associated enzymes in conjunction with thiol status may be a useful bioindicator to discriminate between Hg and Se effects. Concentrations of Hg and Se and the above variables affected have been associated with adverse effects on reproduction and neurological function in experimental studies with mallards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170205","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Ohlendorf, H.M., Marn, C.M., and Pendleton, G., 1998, Association of mercury and selenium with altered glutathione metabolism and oxidative stress in diving ducks from the San Francisco Bay region: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 2, p. 167-172, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170205.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"172","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marn, C. M.","contributorId":15131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marn","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223316,"text":"5223316 - 1998 - Dispersal of mimetic seeds of three species of Ormosia (Leguminosae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T16:39:46.291458","indexId":"5223316","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2487,"text":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal of mimetic seeds of three species of Ormosia (Leguminosae)","docAbstract":"Seeds with ‘imitation arils’ appear wholly or partially covered by pulp or aril but actually carry no fleshy material. The mimetic seed hypothesis to explain this phenomenon proposes a parasitic relationship in which birds are deceived into dispersing seeds that resemble bird-dispersed fruits, without receiving a nutrient reward. The hard-seed for grit hypothesis proposes a mutualistic relationship in which large, terrestrial birds swallow the exceptionally hard mimetic seeds as grit for grinding the softer seeds on which they feed. They defecate, dispersing the seeds, and abrade the seed surface, enhancing germination. Any fruit mimicry is incidental. Fruiting trees of Ormosia spp. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) were observed to ascertain mechanisms of seed dispersal and the role of seemingly mimetic characteristics of the seeds in that dispersal. Seed predation and seed germination were also examined. Ormosia isthamensis and O. macrocalyx (but not O. bopiensis) deceived arboreally-foraging frugivorous birds into taking their mimetic seeds, although rates of seed dispersal were low. These results are consistent with the mimetic seed hypothesis. On the other hand, the rates of disappearance of seeds from the ground under the Ormosia trees, hardness of the seeds, and enhancement of germination with the abrasion of the seed coat are all consistent with the hard-seed for grit hypothesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0266467498000303","usgsCitation":"Foster, M., and DeLay, L., 1998, Dispersal of mimetic seeds of three species of Ormosia (Leguminosae): Journal of Tropical Ecology, v. 14, no. 4, p. 389-412, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467498000303.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLay, L.S.","contributorId":90427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLay","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5224549,"text":"5224549 - 1998 - The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. 315. Southern Dorchester County, Md","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5224549","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. 315. Southern Dorchester County, Md","docAbstract":"Because limited information is available regarding preferences for nocturnal habitat during winter, we studied use of nocturnal habitats by American woodcock (Scolopax minor) wintering in the Georgia Piedmont (1994-95). During the evening crepuscular period, woodcock on the wintering grounds move from forested to field habitats, presumably to feed, conduct courtship displays, roost, and avoid predators. We conducted crepuscular flight surveys and tracked radio-marked woodcock to compare the use of fields of different sizes (<5.5 ha, 5.540.0 ha, >40.0 ha) and types (seed tree-clearcuts, fallow-old fields, hayfields, pastures). Fields > 5.5 ha were used more frequently than fields <5.5 ha (P < 0.001). Seed tree-clearcuts and fallow-old fields were more frequently used than pastures (P = 0.003). Woodcock also most frequently used fields with greater foliage volume at 0.82.0 m in height and a high percentage of bare soil (P < 0.001). Nocturnal use of fields or forests by radio-marked woodcock did not differ among age or sex classes. However, females moved an average of 230 + 32.1 m between diurnal and nocturnal locations while males moved 525 + 53.1 m ( P = 0.085). Movements differed among moon phases (P < 0.003), ranging from 579 + 79.6 m during the new moon to 213 + 50.5 m during the full moon. To manage habitat on the wintering grounds, seed tree-clearcuts and fallow-old fields should be created or maintained near preferred diurnal habitats. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1998, The seventy-fourth Christmas bird count. 315. Southern Dorchester County, Md: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 3, p. 276-277.","productDescription":"939-947","startPage":"276","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17102,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3802546","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"62","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db63664f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223134,"text":"5223134 - 1998 - Saker falcon research and conservation efforts in Mongolia, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:34","indexId":"5223134","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1623,"text":"Falco","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Saker falcon research and conservation efforts in Mongolia, 1997","docAbstract":"This past summer. our small field team followed a 4000 km route through central and eastern Mongolia. Even though there was a population crash underway for picas (Ochotona sp.) and voles (Microtus sp.). we found 38 new saker nests and visited 60 eyries found in previous years. Many of the former eyries were unoccupied. Others were occupied but without young. Productivity was good at eyries with large young. and southeastern Mongolia seemed unaffected by food shortages. The main goal for 1997 was to create new eyries and enlarge. stabilise. or otherwise alter marginal eyries. \\Ve created 65 eyries as follows: 8 on wooden powerlines or telephone supports, 8 on metal power line towers, 3 in trees, 3 on boulders, 11 on cliffs, 17 on abandoned buildings, 9 on metal geological survey towers, and 6 on miscellaneous structures. \\Ve also enlarged or repaired three establishedeyries and did minor repairs on several others. Lesser accomplishments include what may be the first observation of siblicide for the saker falcon (please contact us immediately if you have other records of sakerchicks attacking or killing their nest mates) and the description of a new saker flight display. We also documented an unusual golden eagle eyrie containing the remains of nearly 30 foxes, several predatory birds, and a number of gazelle. In 1998. we plan to return to Mongolia to see how many of our 'fake eyries' attracted falcons. Our work in 1997 was supported by Mr. Howell. another philanthropist (anonymous) and the Institute of Raptor Studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Falco","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Tsengeg, P., and Whitlock, P., 1998, Saker falcon research and conservation efforts in Mongolia, 1997: Falco, v. 11.","productDescription":"7","startPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e694","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tsengeg, Pu","contributorId":14909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsengeg","given":"Pu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitlock, P.L.","contributorId":26384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlock","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223645,"text":"5223645 - 1998 - Use of a helicopter to capture flighted cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223645","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of a helicopter to capture flighted cranes","docAbstract":"Using a helicopter, we pursued 12 sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) and captured 6. In forested habitat, cranes could be forced down, but we were unable to deploy the pursuit team, so cranes could not be captured. In open habitat, every crane we pursued was captured. Target cranes were forced to the ground in 0.3-14 minutes. Adjusting pursuit distance (50-150 m) was essential in promoting fatigue and in preventing escape of target cranes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"5189_Ellis.pdf","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Hjertaas, D., Johns, B., and Urbanek, R., 1998, Use of a helicopter to capture flighted cranes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 26, no. 1, p. 103-107.","productDescription":"103-107","startPage":"103","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17115,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783809","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dee4b07f02db5e2ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hjertaas, D.","contributorId":84044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hjertaas","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johns, B.W.","contributorId":72098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johns","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urbanek, R.P.","contributorId":47891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urbanek","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223779,"text":"5223779 - 1998 - Wintering ovenbird from Belize recovered on Pennsylvania breeding ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223779","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering ovenbird from Belize recovered on Pennsylvania breeding ground","docAbstract":"A first-winter Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) banded in a cacao plantation in central Belize on 8 February 1989 was found dead on the deck of a home on its breeding ground in northwestern Pennsylvania on 28 June 1997, tying the 9-year age record for the species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Bird Bander","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dowell, B., and Robbins, C., 1998, Wintering ovenbird from Belize recovered on Pennsylvania breeding ground: North American Bird Bander, v. 23, no. 4.","productDescription":"109","startPage":"109","numberOfPages":"109","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17113,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v023n04/p0109-p0109.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e1172","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223497,"text":"5223497 - 1998 - Caribou antlers as nest materials for golden eagles in northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"5223497","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caribou antlers as nest materials for golden eagles in northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"There are few published records of antlers in golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nests. This note reports extensive use of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) antlers in three golden eagle nests in the Cape Kruzenstern region of northwestern Alaska. The importance of antlers to this population of eagles can be explained at least in part by (1) the lack of suitable woody vegetation on the open tundra, (2) the similarity of antlers to sticks, and (3) the abundance of antlers, especially cow caribou antlers, in the region. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., and Bunn, R., 1998, Caribou antlers as nest materials for golden eagles in northwestern Alaska: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 32, no. 3.","productDescription":"268","startPage":"268","numberOfPages":"268","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v032n03/p00268-p00268.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5efe9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunn, R.L.","contributorId":73714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunn","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223812,"text":"5223812 - 1998 - The North American Bird Banding Program: Into the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223812","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The North American Bird Banding Program: Into the 21st century","docAbstract":"The authors examined the legal, scientific, and philosophical underpinnings of the North American Bird Banding Program [BBP], with emphasis on the U.S. Bird Banding Laboratory [BBL], but also considering the Canadian Bird Banding Office [BBO]. In this report, we review the value of banding data, enumerate and expand on tile principles under which any modern BBP should operate, and from them derive our recommendations. These are cast into a Mission Statement, a Role and Function Statement, and a series of specific recommendations addressing five areas: (1) permitting procedures and practices; (2) operational issues; (3) data management; (4) BBL organization and staffing; and (5) implementation. Our major tenets and recommendations are as follows: banding provides valuable data for numerous scientific, management, and educational purposes, and its benefits far outweigh necessary biological and fiscal costs, especially those incurred by the BBL and BBO; because of the value of banding data for management of avian resources, including both game and nongame birds, government support of the program is fully justified and appropriate; all banding data, if collected to appropriate standards, are potentially valuable; there are many ways to increase the value of banding data such as by endorsing, promoting, and applying competence and/or training standards for permit issuance; promoting bander participation in well-designed projects; and by encouraging the use of banding data for meta-analytical approaches; the BBL should apply, promote, and encourage such standards, participation, and approaches; the BBP should be driven by the needs of users, including scientists and managers; all exchange of data and most communication between banders and the BBL should become electronic in the near future; the computer system at the BBL should be modernized to one designed for a true client-server relationship and storage of data in on-line relational databases; the BBL should continue to maintain high quality control and editing standards and should strive to bring all data in the database up to current standards; however, the BBL should transfer a major portion of the responsibility for editing banding data to the bander by providing software that will permit the bander to edit his/her own data electronically before submission to the BBL; the BBL should build the capacity to store additional data tied to original band records able to be pre-edited and submitted electronically, such as recapture data, appropriate data from auxiliary marking (e.g. resightings of color-marked birds), and other data that gain value when pooled from many banders (e.g., measurements); however, the BBL should only accept such data if they are collected using standardized methods and as part of an established program designed to utilize such data; now is the time to consider options for implementing a Western Hemisphere banding program, with leadership from the BBL; the Patuxent Electronic Data Processing Section should become part of the BBL; additional scientific and technical staff must be added to the BBL; an Implementation Team should be formed to expedite our recommendations, following timetables outlined in this document.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Buckley, P.A., Francis, C., Blancher, P., DeSante, D., Robbins, C., Smith, G., and Cannell, P., 1998, The North American Bird Banding Program: Into the 21st century: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 69, no. 4, p. 511-529.","productDescription":"511-529","startPage":"511","endPage":"529","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17110,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v069n04/p0511-p0529.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67af59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Francis, C.M.","contributorId":29092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blancher, P.","contributorId":23253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blancher","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeSante, D.F.","contributorId":70514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSante","given":"D.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, G.","contributorId":52918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cannell, P.","contributorId":93163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":5221360,"text":"5221360 - 1998 - Contaminants in eggs of colonial waterbirds and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme levels in pipped tern embryos, Washington State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-19T10:07:29","indexId":"5221360","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in eggs of colonial waterbirds and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme levels in pipped tern embryos, Washington State","docAbstract":"Eggs of Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) collected in 1991 from nesting colonies on Crescent Island (Columbia River) and the Potholes Reservoir in south central Washington generally contained low residues of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in pipped embryos of Forster's terns from the two colonies seemed unaffected by contaminants. At Crescent Island, examination of 23 Forster's tern eggs with large embryos (19 viable [10 pipped] and four dead [two pipped]) revealed developmental abnormalities in two viable pipped embryos (missing maxilla and deformed pelvic girdle) and a viable prepipping embryo (shortened beak). Our limited sample sizes and number of compounds analyzed preclude us from determining whether or not the abnormalities are related to contaminants. No abnormalities were noted in 10 pipped eggs (nine viable and one dead at collection) of Forster's terns collected from the Potholes Reservoir colony. Eggs of Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) collected from Crescent Island in 1991 also contained generally low residues of contaminants, only one developmental abnormality was noted, and limited data indicated that cytochrome P450 enzyme activity apparently was unaffected by contaminants. Organochlorine contaminants were generally low in addled eggs of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) collected from Crescent Island in 1994.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900407","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Melancon, M.J., Hoffman, D.J., and Henny, C.J., 1998, Contaminants in eggs of colonial waterbirds and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme levels in pipped tern embryos, Washington State: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 492-497, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900407.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"497","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223774,"text":"5223774 - 1998 - Predaceous diving beetles in Maine: Faunal list and keys to subfamilies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:41","indexId":"5223774","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2898,"text":"Northeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predaceous diving beetles in Maine: Faunal list and keys to subfamilies","docAbstract":"Records of predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) collected in Maine are summarized. These records are augmented by field surveys of beetles in Aroostook Co., Maine during 1993-95. Keys to subfamilies are presented with color plates for selected species. A list of diving beetles that have been collected near Maine (state or province) is presented so that investigators will know what additional species might be expected in Maine. Basic taxonomy is presented to facilitate use of keys.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Boobar, L., Spangler, P., Gibbs, K., Longcore, J.R., and Hopkins, K., 1998, Predaceous diving beetles in Maine: Faunal list and keys to subfamilies: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-20.","productDescription":"1-20","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6804f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boobar, L.R.","contributorId":34608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boobar","given":"L.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, P.J.","contributorId":106608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, K.E.","contributorId":96371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hopkins, K.M.","contributorId":15732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223776,"text":"5223776 - 1998 - Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T09:59:41","indexId":"5223776","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":648,"text":"Acta Theriologica","onlineIssn":"2190-3743","printIssn":"0001-7051","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus","title":"Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus","docAbstract":"Three skulls of captive-raised female endangered red wolves (Canis rufus) exhibited severe malocclusion of the jaws. Cranial and dental abnormalities (including crowding of upper toothrows, and an extra tooth behind the lower left M3 in one of the three mandibles) were also evident. Ratios of alveolar length of maxillary toothrow to maximum width across the outer sides of crowns of P4 were significantly different (p=0.008) compared to unaffected skulls. Significant differences were also evident when ratios of maximum width across inner edges of alveoli of P1 to alveolar length of maxillary toothrow and maximum width across outer sides of crowns of P4 were compared between the two groups. Although the three skulls all exhibited malocclusion, the abnormality expressed itself differently in relation to the effects to each skull. Captive inbreeding may increase the probability and frequency of expressing these anomalies, although inbreeding coefficients calculated for the wolves expressing malocclusion were not considered high (0.0313-0.0508). A wild female red wolf specimen captured in 1921 in Arkansas also exhibited the malocclusion, although not as severely as in the captive females. This demonstrates that this trait was present in wild populations prior to, and not a result of, the captive breeding program.
","language":"English","publisher":"Polska Akademia Nauk","doi":"10.4098/AT.arch.98-26","usgsCitation":"Federoff, N.E., and Nowak, R.M., 1998, Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus: Acta Theriologica, v. 43, no. 3, p. 293-300, https://doi.org/10.4098/AT.arch.98-26.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"300","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479679,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.98-26","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":200373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=12774"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Federoff, Nicholas E.","contributorId":174756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Federoff","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nowak, Ronald M.","contributorId":25622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowak","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":727945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223794,"text":"5223794 - 1998 - Modeling colony site dynamics: A case study of gull-billed terns (Sterna nilotica) in coastal Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T17:49:10","indexId":"5223794","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling colony site dynamics: A case study of gull-billed terns (Sterna nilotica) in coastal Virginia","docAbstract":"We developed a Markov process model for colony-site dynamics of Gull-billed Terns (Sterna nilotica). From 1993 through 1996, we monitored breeding numbers of Gull-billed Terns and their frequent colony associates, Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger), at colony sites along 80 km of the barrier island region of coastal Virginia. We also monitored flooding events and renesting. We developed the model for colony survival, extinction, and recolonization at potential colony sites over the four-year period. We then used data on annual site occupation by Gull-billed Terns to estimate model parameters and tested for differences between nesting substrates (barrier island vs. shellpile). Results revealed a dynamic system but provided no evidence that the dynamics were Markovian, i.e. the probability that a site was occupied in one year was not influenced by whether it had been occupied in the previous year. Nor did colony-level reproductive success the previous season seem to affect the probability of site occupancy. Site survival and recolonization rates were similar, and the estimated overall annual probability of a site being occupied was 0.59. Of the 25 sites that were used during the four-year period, 16 were used in one or two years only, and only three were used in all four years. Flooding and renesting were frequent in both habitat types in all years. The frequent flooding of nests on shellpiles argues for more effective management; augmentation with shell and sand to increase elevations as little as 20 cm could have reduced flooding at a number of sites. The low colonysite fidelity that we observed suggests that an effective management approach would be to provide a large number of sand and/or shellpile sites for use by nesting terns. Sites not used in one year may still be used in subsequent years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089515","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Nichols, J., Eyler, T., Stotts, D.B., and Truitt, B., 1998, Modeling colony site dynamics: A case study of gull-billed terns (Sterna nilotica) in coastal Virginia: The Auk, v. 115, no. 4, p. 970-978, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089515.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"970","endPage":"978","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089515","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202189,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eyler, T.B.","contributorId":88453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eyler","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Truitt, B.R.","contributorId":85298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truitt","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223798,"text":"5223798 - 1998 - Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T14:59:57","indexId":"5223798","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Concentration, accumulation, and effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) o nreproduction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were studied at four sites in the Fox River drainage and in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Wisconsin, USA, in 1994 and 1995. Total PCBs in eggs and newly hatched young (mean = 3.01 μg/g wet weight, years and sites combined) and 12-d-old nestlings (mean = 2.34 μg/g wet weight) at two contaminated sites (Kidney Island and Arrowhead) were higher than concentrations at two reference sites (Lake Poygan and High Cliff State Park, years and sites combined, pippers mean = 0.26 μg/g, nestlings mean = 0.01 μg/g). Concentrations of 11 PCB congeners were also higher at contaminated compared to reference sites. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulated in nestlings at a higher rate (1.34–6.69 μg/d) at contaminated sites compared to reference locations (0.06–0.42 μg/d). Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) was the only other organochlorine found in all samples; concentrations for all samples averaged ≤0.20 μg/g wet weight. Total PCBs and p,p′-DDE concentrations did not differ among clutches where all eggs hatched, some eggs hatched, and no eggs hatched.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620170919","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., Allen, P., Stromborg, K.L., and Melancon, M.J., 1998, Reproduction and environmental contamination in tree swallows nesting in the Fox River drainage and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1786-1798, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170919.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1786","endPage":"1798","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River, Green Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.945556640625,\n 44.54448397425684\n ],\n [\n -87.97439575195312,\n 44.55524925971063\n ],\n [\n -88.02658081054688,\n 44.54154764174371\n ],\n [\n -88.15017700195312,\n 44.491607329696045\n ],\n [\n -88.22296142578125,\n 44.46025037930627\n ],\n [\n -88.51821899414062,\n 44.280604121518145\n ],\n [\n -88.64593505859375,\n 44.204850563427364\n ],\n [\n -88.78738403320312,\n 44.24126379833976\n ],\n [\n -88.91647338867188,\n 44.204850563427364\n ],\n [\n -88.9508056640625,\n 44.156592967556605\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 44.110267956688524\n ],\n [\n -88.90960693359375,\n 44.0609461392979\n ],\n [\n -88.64593505859375,\n 43.99676629896825\n ],\n [\n -88.44818115234375,\n 44.00170567699191\n ],\n [\n -88.275146484375,\n 44.08758502824516\n ],\n [\n -88.11721801757812,\n 44.22552029849434\n ],\n [\n -87.98126220703125,\n 44.37785821716272\n ],\n [\n -87.90985107421875,\n 44.4906276800508\n ],\n [\n -87.945556640625,\n 44.54448397425684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, P. David","contributorId":76691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"P. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stromborg, Kenneth L.","contributorId":193164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stromborg","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}