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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Webless migratory game bird research program: Project abstracts - 1997","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Migratory Bird Management","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","usgsCitation":"Haramis, G., and Kearns, G.D., 1998, Length of stay, survival, habitat use and migration characteristics of fall migrant Soras on the Patuxent River marsh as determined by radio telemetry, chap. of Webless migratory game bird research program: Project abstracts - 1997, p. 14-15.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haramis, G. 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Traditionally, tropical birds were thought to have high survival rates for their size, but analyses by Kart et al. (1990. Am. Nat. 136:277-91) contradicted that view, suggesting tropical birds may not have systematically high survival rates. A persistent criticism of that study has been that the estimates were biased by transient birds captured only once as they passed through the area being sampled. New models that formally adjust for transient individuals have been developed since 1990. Preliminary analyses using these models indicate that, despite some variation among species, overall estimates of survival rates for understory birds in Panama are not strongly affected by adjustments for transients. We also compare estimates of survival rates based on mark-recapture models with observations of colour-marked birds. The demographic traits of birds in the tropics (and elsewhere) vary within and among species according to combinations of historical and ongoing ecological factors. Understanding sources of this variation is the challenge for future work.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban 16-22 August 1998, Abstracts of plenaries, symposia and Round Table Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brawn, J.D., Karr, J., Nichols, J., and Robinson, W., 1998, Demography of forest birds in Panama: How do transients affect estimates of survival rates?, chap. of Proceedings 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban 16-22 August 1998, Abstracts of plenaries, symposia and Round Table Discussions.","startPage":"22 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e32","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, N.J.","contributorId":112031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507495,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotow, R.H.","contributorId":113203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotow","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507496,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Brawn, J. 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In the absence of effective planning and management, ecotourism can lead to significant negative impacts on vegetation, soil, water, wildlife, historic resources, cultures, and visitor experiences. This chapter reviews visitor-related natural resource and experience impacts associated with ecotourism within protected areas. The influence of factors that control the nature and extent of impacts are also reviewed, including type and amount of use, the variable resistance and resilience of environmental attributes such as vegetation and soil types, and the role of management in shaping visitation, resources and facilities to support visitation while minimizing associated impacts. Implications for managing the effects of protected area visitation are highlighted, including carrying capacity decision frameworks and selecting management strategies and tactics.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotourism: A guide for planners and managers, Volume 2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecotourism Society","publisherLocation":"North Bennington, Vermont","collaboration":"OCLC: 40680876 ISBN: 0963633139 9780963633132","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., and Farrell, T.A., 1998, Managing ecotourism visitation in protected areas, chap. of Ecotourism: A guide for planners and managers, Volume 2, p. 155-181.","productDescription":"244","startPage":"155","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"244","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab76","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lindberg, Kreg","contributorId":111932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Kreg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507411,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Megan Epler","contributorId":112601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"Epler","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507412,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engeldrum, David","contributorId":113234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeldrum","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507413,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. 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A.","contributorId":100982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farrell","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5211000,"text":"5211000 - 1998 - Campsite survey implications for managing designated campsites at Great Smoky Mountains National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211000","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Campsite survey implications for managing designated campsites at Great Smoky Mountains National Park","docAbstract":"Backcountry campsites and shelters in Great Smoky Mountains National Park were surveyed in 1993 as part of a new impact monitoring program. A total of 395 campsites and shelters were located and assessed, including 309 legal campsites located at 84 designated campgrounds, 68 illegal campsites, and 18 shelters. Primary campsite management problems identified by the survey include: (1) campsite proliferation, (2) campsite expansion and excessive size, (3) excessive vegetation loss and soil exposure, (4) lack of visitor solitude at campsites, (5) excessive tree damage, and (6) illegal camping. A number of potential management options are recommended to address the identified campsite management problems. Many problems are linked to the ability of visitors to determine the location and number of individual campsites within each designated campground. A principal recommendation is that managers apply site-selection criteria to existing and potential new campsite locations to identify and designate campsites that will resist and constrain the areal extent of impacts and enhance visitor solitude. Educational solutions are also offered.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilderness and natural areas in Eastern North America :research, management and planning","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Center for Applied Studies in Forestry, Stephen F. 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Tree Swallows, Tachycineta bicolor, are secondary cavity nesters that will nest in boxes and tolerate handling. Because Tree Swallows are aquatic insectivores, residues in their tissues are primarily indicative of contaminants in sediments. We studied swallows at two contaminated and two reference colonies in 1993, 1994, and 1995 in the Green Bay area. Swallows at the two contaminated sites had significantly higher PCB levels in eggs when compared to two reference sites. Eggs from clutches that contained dead embryos had higher PCB concentrations than eggs from clutches where all eggs hatched; there were no contaminant effects overall on reproduction, however. Twelve-day-old nestlings at the two contaminated sites accumulated significantly more PCBs than did nestlings at the reference sites demonstrating that PCB contamination came from the local area. The PCB congener profile in 12-day-old nestlings mirrored the congener profile in their food.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban 16-22 August 1998, Abstracts of oral presentations and posters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Title on liner notes: Making rain for African ornithology. Within contents, click on Posters, then Programme for Poster J section: Conservation and human-related topics","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T., Allen, P., Stromborg, K., and Melancon, M.J., 1998, Organochlorine contaminants and Tree Swallows along the Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA, chap. of Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban 16-22 August 1998, Abstracts of oral presentations and posters, p. 423-424.","startPage":"423","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203183,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a9f6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, N.J.","contributorId":112031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507503,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotow, R.H.","contributorId":113203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotow","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507504,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, T. 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J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5210917,"text":"5210917 - 1998 - International impact research and management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:23","indexId":"5210917","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"International impact research and management","docAbstract":"To be sustainable, ecotourism requires the protection of natural environments and processes both from development and operation of the tourism infrastructure, and from the activities of ecotourists within protected areas. This book chapter reviews the international literature on the study of visitor or recreation-related resource impacts with special reference to ecotourism. Four case examples are presented to characterize the geographic scope, focus, and principal findings of this recreation ecology literature and its relevance to ecotourism management. Case examples include the Cairngorms National Nature Reserve, Scotland; the Great Barrier Reef, Australia; the Central American tropics; and wildlife viewing in Kenya?s protected areas. Implications for the management of international protected areas and ecotourism resources are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"New York","collaboration":"OCLC: 38550721.","usgsCitation":"Marion, J., and Leung, Y., 1998, International impact research and management, chap. of Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management, p. 328-346.","productDescription":"xii, 361","startPage":"328","endPage":"346","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d6e4b07f02db5491fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hammitt, William E.","contributorId":113687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammitt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507336,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, David N.","contributorId":40086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507335,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leung, Y.","contributorId":41562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210909,"text":"5210909 - 1998 - Foreword","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5210909","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Foreword","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Colorado Breeding Birds Atlas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership and Colorado Division of Wildlife","publisherLocation":"Denver","collaboration":"OCLC: 40665974","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1998, Foreword, chap. of Colorado Breeding Birds Atlas.","productDescription":"xi, 636","startPage":"xi","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de305","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kingery, Hugh E.","contributorId":111340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingery","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507320,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211026,"text":"5211026 - 1998 - Effects of contaminants on Double-crested Cormorant reproduction in Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5211026","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of contaminants on Double-crested Cormorant reproduction in Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"In 1994 and 1995, Double-crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus were monitored from egg-laying through 12 days of age at Cat Island, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Sample eggs at hatching were analysed for organochlorines (including total PCBs, PCB congeners, and DDE), hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity in livers of embryos, and eggshell thickness. The number of eggs per nest that hatched and survived to i 2 days of age was estimated to be 2.2 in 1994 and 2.0 in 1995. Hatching success of eggs was not correlated with PCBs, the toxicity of PCBs based on congeners, or EROD activity. Hatching success was correlated with eggshell thickness and negatively correlated with DDE concentrations. Even though the insecticide DDT was banned in the early 1970s, we suggest that DDE concentrations in cormorant eggs in Green Bay are still having an affect on reproduction in this species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban 16-22 August 1998, Abstracts of oral presentations and posters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Custer, C.M., Stromborg, K., and Melancon, M.J., 1998, Effects of contaminants on Double-crested Cormorant reproduction in Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA, chap. of Proceedings of the 22nd International Ornithological Congress, Durban 16-22 August 1998, Abstracts of oral presentations and posters.","startPage":"424 (abstr","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615dbb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Adams, N.J.","contributorId":112031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507507,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slotow, R.H.","contributorId":113203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slotow","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507508,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210888,"text":"5210888 - 1998 - Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210888","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Iowa Press","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, Iowa","collaboration":"OCLC: 38055901; Papers from the second annual meeting of the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force, Central Division, held September 1995 at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore --page xiii","usgsCitation":"Mossman, M., Hartman, L., Hay, R., Sauer, J., and Dhuey, B., 1998, Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations, chap. of Status and Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians, p. 169-198.","productDescription":"xviii, 507","startPage":"169","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203175,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699100","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lannoo, M.J.","contributorId":17937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lannoo","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507274,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mossman, M.J.","contributorId":54946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mossman","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, L.M.","contributorId":68015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, R.","contributorId":67199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dhuey, B.J.","contributorId":75500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dhuey","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5210871,"text":"5210871 - 1998 - Contaminant effects on Great Lakes' fish-eating birds: a population perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5210871","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Contaminant effects on Great Lakes' fish-eating birds: a population perspective","docAbstract":"Preventing environmental contaminants from reducing wildlife populations is the greatest concern in wildlife toxicology. In the Great Lakes, environmental contaminants have a history of reducing populations of many species of fish-eating birds. Endocrine effects may have contributed to declines in fish-eating bird populations, but the overriding harm was caused by DDE-induced eggshell thinning. Toxic effects may still be occurring today, but apparently they are not of a sufficient magnitude to depress populations of most fish-eating birds. Once DDE levels in the Great Lakes declined, eggshells of birds began to get thicker and reproductive success improved. Populations of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) have increased dramatically since the bans on DDT and other organochlorine pesticides. Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are still not reproducing at a normal rate along the shores of the Great Lakes, but success is much improved compared to earlier records when eggshell thinning was worse. Other species, such as herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), seem to be having improved reproductive success, but data on Great Lakes'-wide population changes are incomplete. Reproductive success of common terns (Sterna hirundo), Caspian terns (Sterna caspia), and Forster's terns (Sterna forsteri) seems to have improved in recent years, but, again, data on population changes are not very complete, and these birds face many habitat related problems as well as contaminant problems. Although contaminants are still producing toxic effects, and these effects may include endocrine disfunction, fish-eating birds in the Great Lakes seem to be largely weathering these effects, at least as far as populations are concerned. A lack of obvious contaminant effects on populations of fish-eating birds in the Great Lakes, however, should not be equated with a lack of any harm to these birds or with a conclusion that certain contaminants do not need additional control.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Principles and Processes for Evaluating Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC Press","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","collaboration":" PDF on file: 5202_Heinz.pdf","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., 1998, Contaminant effects on Great Lakes' fish-eating birds: a population perspective, chap. of Principles and Processes for Evaluating Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife, p. 141-154.","productDescription":"xxiv, 491","startPage":"141","endPage":"154","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697001","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kendall, Ronald J.","contributorId":113771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507242,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dickerson, Richard L.","contributorId":113056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507241,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507240,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suk, William P.","contributorId":114099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suk","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507243,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211001,"text":"5211001 - 1998 - Effects of landscape composition and wetland fragmentation on frog and toad abundance and species richness in Iowa and Wisconsin, USA [abstract]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:25","indexId":"5211001","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of landscape composition and wetland fragmentation on frog and toad abundance and species richness in Iowa and Wisconsin, USA [abstract]","docAbstract":"We examined the relationships between anuran diversity and landscape features in the Upper Midwestern United States. Anuran relative abundance and species richness were measured using data collected by Wisconsin and Iowa state calling surveys conducted from 1990-1995. Landscape features surrounding survey points were determined using National Wetland Inventory and Wisconsin Wetland Inventory maps. We tested several hypotheses suggested by the literature. We hypothesized that the relative abundance and species richness of anurans that breed in ephemeral wetlands is positively correlated with the surrounding area of temporary wetlands and emergent wetlands. We hypothesized that the relative abundance and species richness of anurans is positively correlated with patch diversity and wetland edges, in the absence of local fragmentation effects. We hypothesized that the relative abundance and species richness of anurans is positively associated with forests but negatively associated with agriculture and urban areas. Our results show that the interspersion of different wetland types and the concomitant increase in wetland edge habitats were generally positive for frogs and toads and anuran abundance and diversity were generally higher in association with forests, especially forested wetlands. The presence of agriculture did not always depress frog and toad populations or diversity; some species were associated with agricultural landscapes. The two states differed in how anurans were associated with landscape features like lakes and permanent wetlands. We found that frog and toad relative abundance and diversity were lower when urban areas were present. Managers can use models like ours, generated from landscape analyses, along with range maps and population trend analyses to get a comprehensive picture of the health of individual species and groups of species. Our models could be applied to the landscape as a whole, and used to predict species relative abundance and richness at new locations. Our work provides a framework for future experimental and intensive research on specific factors affecting the health of amphibians in the Upper Midwest.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Midwest Declining Amphibians Conference, a joint meeting of the Great Lakes and Central Division Working Groups of the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force, March 20 & 21, 1998","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Milwaukee Public Museum","publisherLocation":"Milwaukee, Wisconsin","collaboration":"OCLC: 42917615; published as OCLC: 45165303 ; see MERRIAM QL667 .I58 2000, Investigating amphibian declines : proceedings of the 1998 declining amphibians conference","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Sauer, J., Olsen, D., Mossman, M., Hemesath, L., and Lannoo, M., 1998, Effects of landscape composition and wetland fragmentation on frog and toad abundance and species richness in Iowa and Wisconsin, USA [abstract], chap. of Midwest Declining Amphibians Conference, a joint meeting of the Great Lakes and Central Division Working Groups of the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force, March 20 & 21, 1998, 20.","productDescription":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4822e4b07f02db4e1f0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. 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The black duck’s distribution is confined to eastern North America but extends into Manitoba. The black duck breeds in a variety of habitat types, from the brackish coastal marshes of North Carolina to the open boreal forests of northern Quebec and Labrador (Bellrose 1976). In acidic bogs, beaver streams, and sluggish riverine and floodplain habitats of the boreal forest, the black duck’s dark plumage (males and females have similar plumage) blends with the dark organic-stained waters of forested wetlands (Fig. 2).
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It's protocols were recently modified for continent-wide use by the North American Amphibian Monitoring Plan (NAAMP). In 1997 we initiated a study to compare data collected by the WFTS and NAAMP protocols, in order to guide WFTS transition from its current methodology to one more compatible with NAAMP, without losing the use of data collected since 1981. 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Such human-related impacts present a dilemma for managers charged with the dual objectives of providing recreational opportunities and preserving natural environments. This paper presents some of the principal findings and management implications from research on visitor impacts to protected areas, termed recreation ecology research. This field of study seeks to identify the type and extent of resource impacts and to evaluate relationships between use-related, environmental, and managerial factors. 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Started mainly to investigate bird movements, bird ringing has become a much more flexible method to study different aspects of bird biology. Bird ringing can only be properly organised if an effective international co-operation exists. In Europe, this co-ordination is ensured by EURING, made of 35 national ringing centres; sister organisations exist in other parts of the world (like Africa, Australia, U.S. and Canada), sharing the same aims and problems. This RTD is mainly targeted to ornithologists involved with the co-ordination of bird ringing stations and national centres world-wide. Common aspects of the organisation of ringing activities, as well as of the potential ringing has and will have in the future in addressing major scientific questions in Ornithology will be taken into account. The advisability of setting up a standing committee on bird ringing within the IOC will be discussed, and the project of creating a world-wide organisation of ringing schemes in order to further improve communication and exchange of experiences will also be addressed. 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