{"pageNumber":"344","pageRowStart":"8575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70024043,"text":"70024043 - 2001 - The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70024043","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers","docAbstract":"Estimating the annual mass flux at a network of fixed stations is one approach to characterizing water quality of large rivers. The interpretive context provided by annual flux includes identifying source and sink areas for constituents and estimating the loadings to receiving waters, such as reservoirs or the ocean. Since 1995, the US Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) has employed this approach at a network of 39 stations in four of the largest river basins of the USA: The Mississippi, the Columbia, the Colorado and the Rio Grande. In this paper, the design of NASQAN is described and its effectiveness at characterizing the water quality of these rivers is evaluated using data from the first 3 years of operation. A broad range of constituents was measured by NASQAN, including trace organic and inorganic chemicals, major ions, sediment and nutrients. Where possible, a regression model relating concentration to discharge and season was used to interpolate between chemical observations for flux estimation. For water-quality network design, the most important finding from NASQAN was the importance of having a specific objective (that is, estimating annual mass flux) and, from that, an explicitly stated data analysis strategy, namely the use of regression models to interpolate between observations. The use of such models aided in the design of sampling strategy and provided a context for data review. The regression models essentially form null hypotheses for concentration variation that can be evaluated by the observed data. The feedback between network operation and data collection established by the hypothesis tests places the water-quality network on a firm scientific footing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.205","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B., and Kelly, V., 2001, The national stream quality accounting network: A flux-basedapproach to monitoring the water quality of large rivers: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1089-1106, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.205.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1106","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207041,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.205"},{"id":231600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badfbe4b08c986b323e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, V.J.","contributorId":14009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023999,"text":"70023999 - 2001 - The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part III. Downstream effects: The Spokane River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023999","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part III. Downstream effects: The Spokane River Basin","docAbstract":"During 1998/1999, surface and subsurface sediment samples were collected along the entire length of the Spokane River from its outlet at the northern end of Lake Coeur d'Alene (CDA), Idaho, to Lake Roosevelt on the Columbia River, Washington. The study was conducted to determine if the trace element enrichments observed in Lake CDA and on the floodplain and in the CDA River extend through the Spokane River Basin (SRB). As in Lake CDA, surface sediments in the SRB are enriched in Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Hg relative to local background levels. Pb, Cd and Zn are the most elevated, with maximum enrichment occurring in the upper Spokane River in close proximity to Lake CDA. On average, enrichment decreases downstream, apparently reflecting both increased distance from the inferred source (the CDA River Basin), as well as increased dilution by locally derived but unenriched materials. Only Cd and Zn display marked enrichment throughout the SRB. Pb, Zn and Cd seem to be associated mainly with an operationally defined iron oxide phase, whereas the majority of the As and Sb seem to be matrix-held. Subsurface sediments also are enriched in Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Sb and Hg relative to background levels. Based on 137Cs and excess 210Pb dating, trace element enrichment began in the middle part of the SRB (Long Lake) between 1900 and 1920. This is contemporaneous with similar enrichments observed in Lake CDA, as well as the completion of Long Lake Dam (1913). In the most downstream part of the basin (Spokane River Arm of Lake Roosevelt), enrichment began substantially later, between 1930 and 1940. The temporal difference in enrichment between Long Lake and the River Arm may reflect the latter's greater distance from the presumed source of the enrichment (the CDA River Basin); however, the difference is more likely the result of the completion of Grand Coulee Dam (1934-1941), which formed Lake Roosevelt, backed up the Spokane River, and increased water levels in the River Armby about 30 m.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.192","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Grosbois, C., Horowitz, A.J., Smith, J., and Elrick, K.A., 2001, The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part III. Downstream effects: The Spokane River Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 5, p. 855-875, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.192.","startPage":"855","endPage":"875","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207019,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.192"},{"id":231556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab36e4b08c986b322ccb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grosbois, C.A.","contributorId":81281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosbois","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.J.","contributorId":106175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023998,"text":"70023998 - 2001 - Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70023998","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths","docAbstract":"Differential rates of plagioclase and K-feldspar weathering commonly observed in bedrock and soil environments are examined in terms of chemical kinetic and solubility controls and hydrologic permeability. For the Panola regolith, in the Georgia Piedmont Province of southeastern United States, petrographic observations, coupled with elemental balances and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, indicate that plagioclase is being converted to kaolinite at depths > 6 m in the granitic bedrock. K-feldspar remains pristine in the bedrock but subsequently weathers to kaolinite at the overlying saprolite. In contrast, both plagioclase and K-feldspar remain stable in granitic bedrocks elsewhere in Piedmont Province, such as Davis Run, Virginia, where feldspars weather concurrently in an overlying thick saprolite sequence. Kinetic rate constants, mineral surface areas, and secondary hydraulic conductivities are fitted to feldspar losses with depth in the Panola and Davis Run regoliths using a time-depth computer spreadsheet model. The primary hydraulic conductivities, describing the rates of meteoric water penetration into the pristine granites, are assumed to be equal to the propagation rates of weathering fronts, which, based on cosmogenic isotope dating, are 7 m/106 yr for the Panola regolith and 4 m/106 yr for the Davis Run regolith. Best fits in the calculations indicate that the kinetic rate constants for plagioclase in both regoliths are factors of two to three times faster than K-feldspar, which is in agreement with experimental findings. However, the range for plagioclase and K-feldspar rates (kr = 1.5 x 10-17 to 2.8 x 10-16 mol m-2 s-1) is three to four orders of magnitude lower than for that for experimental feldspar dissolution rates and are among the slowest yet recorded for natural feldspar weathering. Such slow rates are attributed to the relatively old geomorphic ages of the Panola and Davis Run regoliths, implying that mineral surface reactivity decreases significantly with time. Differential feldspar weathering in the low-permeability Panola bedrock environment is more dependent on relative feldspar solubilities than on differences in kinetic reaction rates. Such weathering is very sensitive to primary and secondary hydraulic conductivities (qp and qs), which control both the fluid volumes passing through the regolith and the thermodynamic saturation of the feldspars. Bedrock permeability is primarily intragranular and is created by internal weathering of networks of interconnected plagioclase phenocrysts. Saprolite permeability is principally intergranular and is the result of dissolution of silicate phases during isovolumetric weathering. A secondary to primary hydraulic conductivity ratio of qs/qp = 150 in the Panola bedrock results in kinetically controlled plagioclase dissolution but thermodynamically inhibited K-feldspar reaction. This result is in accord with calculated chemical saturation states for groundwater sampled in the Panola Granite. In contrast, greater secondary conductivities in the Davis Run saprolite, qs/qp = 800, produces both kinetically controlled plagioclase and K-feldspar dissolution. Faster plagioclase reaction, leading to bedrock weathering in the Panola Granite but not at Davis Run, is attributed to a higher anorthite component of the plagioclase and a wetter and warmer climate. In addition, the Panola Granite has an abnormally high content of disseminated calcite, the dissolution of which precedes the plagioclase weathering front, thus creating additional secondary permeability. Copyright ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00577-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., Bullen, T., Schulz, M.S., Blum, A., Huntington, T., and Peters, N., 2001, Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 6, p. 847-869, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00577-9.","startPage":"847","endPage":"869","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206996,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00577-9"}],"volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00ffe4b0c8380cd4fa30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schulz, M. S.","contributorId":7299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blum, A.E.","contributorId":100514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, T.G. 0000-0002-9427-3530","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":64675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"T.G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":399635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70022782,"text":"70022782 - 2001 - Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:53:40","indexId":"70022782","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado","docAbstract":"The water quality, habitats, and biota of streams in the upper Animas River watershed of Colorado, USA, are affected by metal contamination associated with acid drainage. We determined metal concentrations in components of the food web of the Animas River and its tributaries - periphyton (aufwuchs), benthic invertebrates, and livers of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) - and evaluated pathways of metal exposure and hazards of metal toxicity to stream biota. Concentrations of the toxic metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in periphyton, benthic invertebrates, and trout livers from one or more sites in the upper Animas River were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Periphyton from sites downstream from mixing zones of acid and neutral waters had elevated concentrations of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) reflecting deposition of colloidal Fe and Al oxides, and reduced algal biomass. Metal concentrations in benthic invertebrates reflected differences in feeding habits and body size among taxa, with greatest concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd in the small mayfly Rhithrogena, which feeds on periphyton, and greatest concentrations of Pb in the small stonefly Zapada, a detritivore. Concentrations of Zn and Pb decreased across each trophic linkage, whereas concentrations of Cu and Cd were similar across several trophic levels, suggesting that Cu and Cd were more efficiently transferred via dietary exposure. Concentrations of Cu in invertebrates and trout livers were more closely associated with impacts on trout populations and invertebrate communities than were concentrations of Zn, Cd, or Pb. Copper concentrations in livers of brook trout from the upper Animas River were substantially greater than background concentrations and approached levels associated with reduced brook trout populations in field studies and with toxic effects on other salmonids in laboratory studies. These results indicate that bioaccumulation and transfer of metals in stream food webs are significant components of metal exposure for stream biota of the upper Animas River watershed and suggest that chronic toxicity of Cu is an important factor limiting the distribution and abundance of brook trout populations in the watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002440010147","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Besser, J., Brumbaugh, W.G., May, T., Church, S.E., and Kimball, B.A., 2001, Bioavailability of metals in stream food webs and hazards to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 40, no. 1, p. 48-59, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010147.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"59","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208228,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010147"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Upper Animas River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f13de4b0c8380cd4ab07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, J.M.","contributorId":91569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023992,"text":"70023992 - 2001 - Simulation of stream discharge and transport of nitrate and selected herbicides in the Mississippi River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:02","indexId":"70023992","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of stream discharge and transport of nitrate and selected herbicides in the Mississippi River Basin","docAbstract":"Stream discharge and the transport of nitrate, atrazine, and metolachlor in the Mississippi River Basin were simulated using the DAFLOW/BLTM hydrologic model. The simulated domain for stream discharge included river reaches downstream from the following stations in the National Stream Quality Accounting Network: Mississippi River at Clinton, IA; Missouri River at Hermann, MO: Ohio River at Grand Chain, IL: And Arkansas River at Little Rock, AR. Coefficients of hydraulic geometry were calibrated using data from water year 1996; the model was validated by favourable simulation of observed discharges in water years 1992-1994. The transport of nitrate, atrazine, and metolachlor was simulated downstream from the Mississippi River at Thebes, IL, and the Ohio River at Grand Chain. Simulated concentrations compared favourably with observed concentrations at Baton Rouge, LA. Development of this model is a preliminary step in gaining a more quantitative understanding of the sources and fate of nutrients and pesticides delivered from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.208","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Broshears, R.E., Clark, G.M., and Jobson, H., 2001, Simulation of stream discharge and transport of nitrate and selected herbicides in the Mississippi River Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1157-1167, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.208.","startPage":"1157","endPage":"1167","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207257,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.208"}],"volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b908ae4b08c986b319577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broshears, R. E.","contributorId":75552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, G. M.","contributorId":90325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":399616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023987,"text":"70023987 - 2001 - Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:24:24","indexId":"70023987","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Reconstruction of continental palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology is currently hampered by limited information about isotopic patterns in the modern hydrologic cycle. To remedy this situation and to provide baseline data for other isotope hydrology studies, more than 4800, depth- and width-integrated, stream samples from 391 selected sites within the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN) were analysed for &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and &delta;<sup>2</sup>H (<a title=\"Link to external resource: http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr00-160/pdf/ofr00-160.pdf\" href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr00-160/pdf/ofr00-160.pdf\">http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/ofr/ofr00-160/pdf/ofr00-160.pdf</a>). Each site was sampled bimonthly or quarterly for 2&middot;5 to 3 years between 1984 and 1987. The ability of this dataset to serve as a proxy for the isotopic composition of modern precipitation in the USA is supported by the excellent agreement between the river dataset and the isotopic compositions of adjacent precipitation monitoring sites, the strong spatial coherence of the distributions of &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and &delta;<sup>2</sup>H, the good correlations of the isotopic compositions with climatic parameters, and the good agreement between the &lsquo;national&rsquo; meteoric water line (MWL) generated from unweighted analyses of samples from the 48 contiguous states of &delta;<sup>2</sup>H=8&middot;11&delta;<sup>18</sup>O+8&middot;99 (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>=0&middot;98) and the unweighted global MWL of sites from the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) of &delta;<sup>2</sup>H=8&middot;17&delta;<sup>18</sup>O+10&middot;35.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>The national MWL is composed of water samples that arise in diverse local conditions where the local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) usually have much lower slopes. Adjacent sites often have similar LMWLs, allowing the datasets to be combined into regional MWLs. The slopes of regional MWLs probably reflect the humidity of the local air mass, which imparts a distinctive evaporative isotopic signature to rainfall and hence to stream samples. Deuterium excess values range from 6 to 15&permil; in the eastern half of the USA, along the northwest coast and on the Colorado Plateau. In the rest of the USA, these values range from &minus;2 to 6&permil;, with strong spatial correlations with regional aridity. The river samples have successfully integrated the spatial variability in the meteorological cycle and provide the best available dataset on the spatial distributions of &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and &delta;<sup>2</sup>H values of meteoric waters in the USA.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.217","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Coplen, T.B., 2001, Distribution of oxygen-18 and deuteriun in river waters across the United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1363-1393, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.217.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1363","endPage":"1393","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231977,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":399605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022754,"text":"70022754 - 2001 - Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:57:28","indexId":"70022754","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona","docAbstract":"A series of column experiments was conducted using manganese oxide coated sediments collected from the hyporheic zone in Pinal Creek (AZ), a metal-contaminated stream, to study the uptake and retention of Mn, Ni, and Co. Experimental variables included the absence (abiotic) and presence (biotic) of active Mn-oxidizing bacteria, the absence and presence of dissolved Mn, and sediment manganese oxide content. Uptake of Mn under biotic conditions was between 8 and 39% higher than under abiotic conditions. Continuous uptake of Mn due to biotic oxidation was evident from extraction of column sediments. Manganese uptake is hypothesized to initially occur as adsorption, which led to subsequent surface and/or microbial oxidation. Complete breakthrough of Ni within 100 pore volumes indicated no process of continuous uptake and was modeled as an equilibrium adsorption process. Nickel uptake in the presence of dissolved Mn was 67-100% reversible. Sediment extractions suggest that Ni uptake occurred through weak and strong adsorption. Continuous uptake of cobalt increased with sediment manganese oxide content, and Co uptake was up to 75% greater under biotic than abiotic conditions. Cobalt uptake was controlled by both existing and newly formed manganese oxides. Only a small amount of Co uptake was reversible (10-25%). XANES spectral analysis indicated that most Co(II) was oxidized to Co(III) and probably incorporated structurally into manganese oxides. Although manganese oxides were the primary phase controlling uptake and retention of Mn, Ni, and Co, the mechanisms varied among the metals.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es010514d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kay, J., Conklin, M., Fuller, C.C., and O’Day, P.A., 2001, Processes of nickel and cobalt uptake by a manganese oxide forming sediment in Pinal Creek, Globe mining district, Arizona: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 24, p. 4719-4725, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010514d.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4719","endPage":"4725","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208007,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010514d"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Pinal Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.913,33.604 ], [ -110.913,33.615 ], [ -110.906,33.615 ], [ -110.906,33.604 ], [ -110.913,33.604 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8dbae4b0c8380cd7edc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, J.T.","contributorId":50327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conklin, M.H.","contributorId":82875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Day, P. A.","contributorId":26857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Day","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022790,"text":"70022790 - 2001 - Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:50:41","indexId":"70022790","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para0045\">Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been implicated as an important complexing agent for Hg that can affect its mobility and bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems. However, binding constants for natural Hg-DOM complexes are not well known. We employed a competitive ligand approach to estimate conditional stability constants for Hg complexes with DOM isolates collected from Florida Everglades surface waters. The isolates examined were the hydrophobic fraction of DOM from a eutrophic, sulfidic site (F1-HPoA) and the hydrophilic fraction from an oligotrophic, low-sulfide site (2BS-HPiA). Our experimental determinations utilized overall octanol-water partitioning coefficients (D<sub>ow</sub>) for<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>203</sup>Hg at 0.01 M chloride and across pH and DOM concentration gradients. Use of this radioisotope allowed rapid determinations of Hg concentrations in both water and octanol phases without problems of matrix interference.</p><p id=\"simple-para0050\">Conditional stability constants (I = 0.06, 23°C) were log K′ = 11.8 for F1-HPoA and log K′ = 10.6 for 2BS-HPiA. These are similar to previously published stability constants for Hg binding to low-molecular-weight thiols. Further, F1-HPoA showed a pH-dependent decline in D<sub>ow</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>that was consistent with models of Hg complexation with thiol groups as the dominant Hg binding sites in DOM. These experiments demonstrate that the DOM isolates are stronger ligands for Hg than chloride ion or ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid. Speciation calculations indicate that at the DOM concentrations frequently measured in Everglades, 20 to 40 μM, significant complexation of Hg by DOM would be expected in aerobic (sulfide-free) surface waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00742-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Benoit, J., Mason, R., Gilmour, C., and Aiken, G., 2001, Constants for mercury binding by organic matter isolates from the Florida Everglades: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, no. 24, p. 4445-4451, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00742-6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4445","endPage":"4451","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00742-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.97448730468749,\n              24.943728712051445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.99969482421875,\n              24.943728712051445\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.99969482421875,\n              26.45090222367262\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.97448730468749,\n              26.45090222367262\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.97448730468749,\n              24.943728712051445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa04e4b0c8380cd4d89b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, R.P.","contributorId":61989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022791,"text":"70022791 - 2001 - Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:59:18","indexId":"70022791","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-6041348_20=\"1964\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-6041348_20=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-6041348_20=\"1\"><p id=\"p-2\">Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked the tropospheric mixing ratio of MeBr (12 pptv) at equilibrium with surface waters (≈2 pM). Kinetic investigations using picomolar concentrations of MeBr in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were performed using strain IMB-1 and<i>Leisingeria methylohalidivorans</i><span>&nbsp;</span>strain MB2<sup>T</sup>— terrestrial and marine methylotrophs capable of halorespiration. First-order uptake of MeBr with no indication of threshold was observed for both strains. Strain MB2<sup>T</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>displayed saturation kinetics in batch experiments using micromolar MeBr concentrations, with an apparent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub><i>s</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of 2.4 μM MeBr and a<i>V</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of 1.6 nmol h<sup>−1</sup>(10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>cells)<sup>−1</sup>. Apparent first-order degradation rate constants measured with the CSTR were consistent with kinetic parameters determined in batch experiments, which used 35- to 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>-fold-higher MeBr concentrations.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Ruegeria algicola</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(a phylogenetic relative of strain MB2<sup>T</sup>), the common heterotrophs<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Escherichia coli</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<i>Bacillus pumilus</i>, and a toluene oxidizer,<i>Pseudomonas mendocina</i><span>&nbsp;</span>KR1, were also tested. These bacteria showed no significant consumption of 12 pptv MeBr; thus, the ability to consume ambient mixing ratios of MeBr was limited to C<sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>compound-oxidizing bacteria in this study. Aerobic C<sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>bacteria may provide model organisms for the biological oxidation of tropospheric MeBr in soils and waters.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ASM","doi":"10.1128/AEM.67.12.5437-5443.2001","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, K., Varner, R., Crill, P., and Oremland, R.S., 2001, Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C1 compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 67, no. 12, p. 5437-5443, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.12.5437-5443.2001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5437","endPage":"5443","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/93327","text":"External Repository"},{"id":233385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa25e4b0c8380cd4d95e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, K.D.","contributorId":45472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varner, R.K.","contributorId":92837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varner","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crill, P.M.","contributorId":42723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crill","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023783,"text":"70023783 - 2001 - Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-03T16:49:35.074196","indexId":"70023783","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para.0080\">A spectacular submarine spring is located about 4 km east of Crescent Beach, FL, in the Atlantic Ocean. The single vent feature of Crescent Beach Spring provides a unique opportunity to examine onshore–offshore hydrogeologic processes, as well as point source submarine ground water discharge. The Floridan aquifer system in northeastern Florida consists of Tertiary interspersed limestone and dolomite strata. Impermeable beds confine the water-bearing zones under artesian pressure. Miocene and younger confining strata have been eroded away at the vent feature, enabling direct hydrologic communication of Eocene ground water with coastal bottom waters.</p><p id=\"simple-para.0085\">The spring water had a salinity of 6.02, which was immediately diluted by ambient seawater during advection/mixing. The concentration of major solutes in spring water and onshore well waters confirm a generalized easterly flow direction of artesian ground water. Nutrient concentrations were generally low in the reducing vent samples, and the majority of the total nitrogen species existed as NH<sub>3</sub>. The submarine ground water tracers, Rn-222 (1174 dpm l<sup>−1</sup>, dpm), methane (232 nM) and barium (294.5 nM) were all highly enriched in the spring water relative to ambient seawater. The concentrations of the reverse redox elements U, V and Mo were expectedly low in the submarine waters. The strontium isotope ratio of the vent water (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr=0.70798) suggests that the spring water contain an integrated signature indicative of Floridan aquifer system ground water. Additional Sr isotopic ratios from a series of surficial and Lower Floridan well samples suggest dynamic ground water mixing, and do not provide clear evidence for a single hydrogeologic water source at the spring vent. In this karst-dominated aquifer, such energetic mixing at the vent feature is expected, and would be facilitated by conduit and fractured flow. Radium isotope activities were utilized to estimate flow-path trajectories and to provide information on potential travel times between an onshore well and the spring. Using either<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>223</sup>Ra and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>224</sup>Ra or<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup>Ra, and qualifying this approach with several key assumptions, estimates of water mass travel times from an upper Floridan well in Crescent Beach to the submarine vent feature (distance=4050 m) are in the order of ∼0.01–0.1 m min<sup>−1</sup>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00322-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, P., Reich, C., Spechler, R., Kindinger, J., and Moore, W., 2001, Using multiple geochemical tracers to characterize the hydrogeology of the submarine spring off Crescent Beach, Florida: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 187-202, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00322-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Crescent Beach","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.28028869628905,\n              29.74798440371394\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23153686523438,\n              29.74798440371394\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.23153686523438,\n              29.786429141465277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.28028869628905,\n              29.786429141465277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.28028869628905,\n              29.74798440371394\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc07be4b08c986b32a152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reich, C. D. 0000-0002-2534-1456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":36978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spechler, R. M.","contributorId":85961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, J. L.","contributorId":38983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023782,"text":"70023782 - 2001 - In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:43:33","indexId":"70023782","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination","docAbstract":"In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped back into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, but in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor.In situ stimulation of denitrification has been proposed as a mechanism to remediate groundwater nitrate contamination. In this study, sodium formate was added to a sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, MA, to test whether formate could serve as a potential electron donor for subsurface denitrification. During 16- and 10-day trials, groundwater from an anoxic nitrate-containing zone (0.5-1.5 mM) was continuously withdrawn, amended with formate and bromide, and pumped back into the aquifer. Concentrations of groundwater constituents were monitored in multilevel samplers after up to 15 m of transport by natural gradient flow. Nitrate and formate concentrations were decreased 80-100% and 60-70%, respectively, with time and subsequent travel distance, while nitrite concentrations inversely increased. The field experiment breakthrough curves were simulated with a two-dimensional site-specific model that included transport, denitrification, and microbial growth. Initial values for model parameters were obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material and then refined to fit field breakthrough curves. The model and the lab results indicated that formate-enhanced nitrite reduction was nearly 4-fold slower than nitrate reduction, but in the lab, nitrite was completely consumed with sufficient exposure time. Results of this study suggest that a long-term injection of formate is necessary to test the remediation potential of this approach for nitrate contamination and that adaptation to nitrite accumulation will be a key determinative factor.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001360p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Miller, D., Brooks, M.H., Widdowson, M., and Killingstad, M., 2001, In situ stimulation of groundwater denitrification with formate to remediate nitrate contamination: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 196-203, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001360p.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"196","endPage":"203","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207525,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001360p"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39abe4b0c8380cd619da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, D.N.","contributorId":36324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Widdowson, M.A.","contributorId":46262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widdowson","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Killingstad, M.W.","contributorId":105478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killingstad","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023776,"text":"70023776 - 2001 - Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T11:00:49","indexId":"70023776","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996","docAbstract":"<p><span>Estuaries receive large quantities of suspended sediments following the first major storm of the water year. The first-flush events transport the majority of suspended sediments in any given year, and because of their relative freshness in the hydrologic system, these sediments may carry a significant amount of the sediment-associated pesticide load transported into estuaries. To characterize sediment-associated pesticides during a first-flush event, water and suspended sediment samples were collected at the head of the San Francisco Bay during the peak in suspended sediment concentration that followed the first major storm of the 1996 hydrologic year. Samples were analyzed for a variety of parameters as well as 19 pesticides and degradation products that span a wide range of hydrophobicity. Tidal mixing at the head of the estuary mixed relatively fresh suspended sediment transported down the rivers with suspended sediments in estuary waters. Segregation of the samples into groups with similar degrees of mixing between river and estuary water revealed that transport of suspended sediments from the Sacramento-San Joaquin drainage basin strongly influenced the concentration and distribution of sediment-associated pesticides entering the San Francisco Bay. The less-mixed suspended sediment contained a different distribution of pesticides than the sediments exposed to greater mixing. Temporal trends were evident in pesticide content after samples were segregated according to mixing history. These results indicate sampling strategies that collect at a low frequency or do not compare samples with similar mixing histories will not elucidate basin processes. Despite the considerable influence of mixing, a large number of pesticides were found associated with the suspended sediments. Few pesticides were found in the concurrent water samples and in concentrations much lower than predicted from equilibrium partitioning between the aqueous and sedimentary phases. The observed sediment-associated pesticide concentrations may reflect disequilibria between sedimentary and aqueous phases resulting from long equilibration times at locations where pesticides were applied, and relatively short transit times over which re-equilibration may occur.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1353239","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B.A., Kuivila, K., and Fram, M.S., 2001, Pesticides associated with suspended sediments entering San Francisco Bay following the first major storm of water year 1996: Estuaries, v. 24, no. 3, p. 368-380, https://doi.org/10.2307/1353239.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"368","endPage":"380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7736e4b0c8380cd7844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":140776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":190790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023772,"text":"70023772 - 2001 - Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T10:31:23","indexId":"70023772","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range","docAbstract":"<p>A wildfire in May 1996 burned 4690 hectares in two watersheds forested by ponderosa pine and Douglas fir in a steep, mountainous landscape with a summer, convective thunderstorm precipitation regime. The wildfire lowered the erosion threshold in the watersheds, and consequently amplified the subsequent erosional response to shorter time interval episodic rainfall and created both erosional and depositional features in a complex pattern throughout the watersheds. The initial response during the first four years was an increase in runoff and erosion rates followed by decreases toward pre-fire rates. The maximum unit-area peak discharge was 24 m3 s-1 km-2 for a rainstorm in 1996 with a rain intensity of 90 mm h-1. Recovery to pre-fire conditions seems to have occurred by 2000 because for a maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1, the unit-area peak discharge in 1997 was 6.6 m3 s-1 km-2, while in 2000 a similar intensity produced only 0.11 m3 s-1 km-2. Rill erosion accounted for 6 per cent, interrill erosion for 14 per cent, and drainage erosion for 80 per cent of the initial erosion in 1996. This represents about a 200-fold increase in erosion rates on hillslopes which had a recovery or relaxation time of about three years. About 67 per cent of the initially eroded sediment is still stored in the watersheds after four years with an estimated residence time greater than 300 years. This residence time is much greater than the fire recurrence interval so erosional and depositional features may become legacies from the wildfire and may affect landscape evolution by acting as a new set of initial conditions for subsequent wildfire and flood sequences.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.253","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D.A., 2001, Initial hydrologic and geomorphic response following a wildfire in the Colorado front range: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 26, no. 10, p. 1049-1070, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.253.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1049","endPage":"1070","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes 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,{"id":70022794,"text":"70022794 - 2001 - Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:04","indexId":"70022794","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research","docAbstract":"Remarkable advances in age dating Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits provide a new opportunity to understand how and where these deposits form in the Earth's crust. These dates are summarized and examined in a framework of global tectonics, paleogeography, fluid migration, and paleoclimate. Nineteen districts have been dated by paleomagnetic and/or radiometric methods. Of the districts that have both paleomagnetic and radiometric dates, only the Pine Point and East Tennessee districts have significant disagreements. This broad agreement between paleomagnetic and radiometric dates provides added confidence in the dating techniques used. The new dates confirm the direct connection between the genesis of MVT lead-zinc ores with global-scale tectonic events. The dates show that MVT deposits formed mainly during large contractional tectonic events at restricted times in the history of the Earth. Only the deposits in the Lennard Shelf of Australia and Nanisivik in Canada have dates that correspond to extensional tectonic events. The most important period for MVT genesis was the Devonian to Permian time, which corresponds to a series of intense tectonic events during the assimilation of Pangea. The second most important period for MVT genesis was Cretaceous to Tertiary time when microplate assimilation affected the western margin of North America and Africa-Eurasia. There is a notable paucity of MVT lead-zinc ore formation following the breakup of Rodinia and Pangea. Of the five MVT deposits hosted in Proterozoic rocks, only the Nanisivik deposit has been dated as Proterozoic. The contrast in abundance between SEDEX and MVT lead-zinc deposits in the Proterozoic questions the frequently suggested notion that the two types of ores share similar genetic paths. The ages of MVT deposits, when viewed with respect to the orogenic cycle in the adjacent orogen suggest that no single hydrologic model can be universally applied to the migration of the ore fluids. However, topographically driven models best explain most MVT districts. The migration of MVT ore fluids is not a natural consequence of basin evolution; rather, MVT districts formed mainly where platform carbonates had some hydrological connection to orogenic belts. There may be a connection between paleoclimate and the formation of some MVT deposits. This possible relationship is suggested by the dominance of evaporated seawater in fluid inclusions in MVT ores, by hydrological considerations that include the need for multiple-basin volumes of ore fluid to form most MVT districts, and the need for adequate precipitation to provide sufficient topographic head for topographically-driven fluid migration. Paleoclimatic conditions that lead to formation of evaporite conditions but yet have adequate precipitation to form large hydrological systems are most commonly present in low latitudes. For the MVT deposits and districts that have been dated, more than 75% of the combined metal produced are from deposits that have dates that correspond to assembly of Pangea in Devonian through Permian time. The exceptional endowment of Pangea and especially, North America with MVT lead-zinc deposits may be explained by the following: (1) Laurentia, which formed the core of North America, stayed in low latitudes during the Paleozoic, which allowed the development of vast carbonate platforms; (2) intense orogenic activity during the assembly of Pangea created ground preparation for many MVT districts through far-field deformation of the craton; (3) uplifted orogenic belts along Pangean suture zones established large-scale migration of basin fluids; and (4) the location of Pangea in low latitudes with paleoclimates with high evaporation rates led to the formation of brines by the evaporation of seawater and infiltration of these brines into deep basin aquifers during Pangean orogenic events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001260100208","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Leach, D.L., Bradley, D., Lewchuk, M.T., Symons, D.T., De Marsily, G., and Brannon, J., 2001, Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits through geological time: Implications from recent age-dating research: Mineralium Deposita, v. 36, no. 8, p. 711-740, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001260100208.","startPage":"711","endPage":"740","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208061,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260100208"},{"id":233456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b5ae4b0c8380cd6f4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, D.","contributorId":20087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewchuk, Michael T.","contributorId":74890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewchuk","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Symons, David T. A.","contributorId":26824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symons","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"T. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"De Marsily, G.","contributorId":8262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Marsily","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brannon, J.","contributorId":33890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannon","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023771,"text":"70023771 - 2001 - Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:21:29","indexId":"70023771","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>Standard reference water samples (SRWS) were collected from two mine sites, one near Ophir, CO, USA and the other near Redding, CA, USA. The samples were filtered, preserved, and analyzed for rare earth element (REE) concentrations (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These two samples were acid mine waters with elevated concentrations of REEs (0.45–161&nbsp;μg/l). Seventeen international laboratories participated in a ‘round-robin’ chemical analysis program, which made it possible to evaluate the data by robust statistical procedures that are insensitive to outliers. The resulting most probable values are reported. Ten to 15 of the participants also reported values for Ba, Y, and Sc. Field parameters, major ion, and other trace element concentrations, not subject to statistical evaluation, are provided.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00030-5","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P., Antweiler, R.C., Nordstrom, D.K., and Taylor, H.E., 2001, Standard reference water samples for rare earth element determinations: Applied Geochemistry, v. 16, no. 2, p. 231-244, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00030-5.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"244","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207439,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(00)00030-5"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96ace4b08c986b31b648","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023747,"text":"70023747 - 2001 - Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:03:00","indexId":"70023747","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field and laboratory studies reveal that the mineral ferrihydrite, formed as a result of abiotic oxidation of aqueous ferrous to ferric Fe, contains Fe that is isotopically heavy relative to coexisting aqueous Fe. Because the electron transfer step of the oxidation process at pH &gt;5 is essentially irreversible and should favor the lighter Fe isotopes in the ferric iron product, this result suggests that relatively heavy Fe isotopes are preferentially partitioned into the readily oxidized Fe(II)(OH)</span><sub><i>x</i>(aq)</sub><span>&nbsp;species or their transition complexes prior to oxidation. The apparent Fe isotope fractionation factor, α</span><sub>ferrihydrite- water</sub><span>, depends primarily on the relative abundances of the Fe(II)</span><sub>(aq)</sub><span>species. This study demonstrates that abiotic processes can fractionate the Fe isotopes to the same extent as biotic processes, and thus Fe isotopes on their own do not provide an effective biosignature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSW","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0699:DOSAII>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Bullen, T., White, A.F., Childs, C., Vivit, D., and Schultz, M., 2001, Demonstration of significant abiotic iron isotope fractionation in nature: Geology, v. 29, no. 8, p. 699-702, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0699:DOSAII>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"702","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe91e4b0c8380cd4edcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Childs, C.W.","contributorId":82891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schultz, M.S.","contributorId":66023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023050,"text":"70023050 - 2001 - Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:58:34","indexId":"70023050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","docAbstract":"Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding. Speciation calculations done with PHREEQC, modified to use the estimated mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant, suggest that mercury-fulvic acid and mercury-sulfide complex concentrations are equivalent for very low sulfide ion concentrations (about 10-11 M) in Everglades' surface water. Where measurable total sulfide concentration (about 10-7 M or greater) is present in Everglades' surface water, mercury-sulfide complexes should dominate dissolved inorganic mercury solution speciation. In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012073503678","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Aiken, G., 2001, Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 132, no. 1-2, p. 89-104, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012073503678.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140ee4b0c8380cd548ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023040,"text":"70023040 - 2001 - River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","docAbstract":"An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Over, T., 2001, River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 967-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8.","startPage":"967","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8"},{"id":233805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaee4b0c8380cd86f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, T.M.","contributorId":35918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022802,"text":"70022802 - 2001 - Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:09","indexId":"70022802","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2997,"text":"Palaeontologia Electronica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA","docAbstract":"The middle Pliocene warm period represents a unique time slice in which to model and understand climatic processes operating under a warm climatic regime. Palaeoclimatic model simulations, focussed on the United States of America (USA), for the middle Pliocene (ca 3 Ma) were generated using the USGS PRISM2 2?? ?? 2?? data set of boundary conditions and the UK Meteorological Office's HadAMS General Circulation Model (GCM). Model results suggest that conditions in the USA during the middle Pliocene can be characterised as annually warmer (by 2?? to 4??C), less seasonal, wetter (by a maximum of 4 to 8 mm/day) and with an absence of freezing winters over the central and southern Great Plains. A sensitivity experiment suggests that the main forcing mechanisms for surface temperature changes in near coastal areas are the imposed Pliocene sea surface temperatures (SST's). In interior regions, reduced Northern Hemisphere terrestrial ice, combined with less snow cover and a reduction in the elevation of the western cordillera of North America, generate atmospheric circulation changes and positive albedo feedbacks that raise surface temperatures. A complex set of climatic feedback mechanisms cause an enhancement of the hydrological cycle magnifying the moisture bearing westerly wind belt during the winter season (Dec., Jan., Feb.). Predictions produced by the model are in broad agreement with available geological evidence. However, the GCM appears to underestimate precipitation levels in the interior and central regions of the southern USA. Copyright: Palaeontological Association, 22 June 2001.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeontologia Electronica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10948074","usgsCitation":"Haywood, A., Valdes, P., Sellwood, B., Kaplan, J., and Dowsett, H., 2001, Modelling middle pliocene warm climates of the USA: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 4, no. 1.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6de4b0c8380cd6fcaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haywood, A.M.","contributorId":101050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haywood","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valdes, P.J.","contributorId":77331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdes","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sellwood, B.W.","contributorId":78509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sellwood","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaplan, J.O.","contributorId":97288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dowsett, H.J. 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":87924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023739,"text":"70023739 - 2001 - Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023739","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters","docAbstract":"Field runoff is an important transport mechanism by which agricultural pesticides, including atrazine, move into the hydrologic environment. Atrazine is chosen because it is widely used, is transported in runoff relatively easily, is widely observed in surface waters, and has relatively little loss in the stream network. Data on runoff of atrazine from experimental plot and field studies is combined with annual estimates of load in numerous streams and rivers, resulting in a data set with 408 observations that span 14 orders of magnitude in area. The load as a percent of use (LAPU) on an annual basis is the parameter that is compared among the studies. There is no difference in the mean or range of LAPU values for areas from the size of experimental field plots (???0.000023 ha) and small watersheds (<100 000 ha). The relatively invariant LAPU value observed across a large range of watershed areas implies that the characteristics of atrazine itself (application method and chemical properties) are important in determining the extent of runoff. The variable influences on the extent of runoff from individual watershed characteristics and weather events are superimposed on the relatively invariant LAPU value observed across the range of watershed areas. The results from this study establish the direct relevance for agricultural field plot studies to watershed studies across the full range of scale.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es001220f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Capel, P., and Larson, S., 2001, Effect of scale on the behavior of atrazine in surface waters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 648-657, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001220f.","startPage":"648","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207508,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001220f"},{"id":232508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0603e4b0c8380cd5109d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Capel, P. D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, S.J.","contributorId":17641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023737,"text":"70023737 - 2001 - Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:32:04","indexId":"70023737","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id10\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p><span>In January 1999,&nbsp;wastewater&nbsp;influent and&nbsp;effluent&nbsp;from the&nbsp;pretreatment&nbsp;plant at the Stringfellow hazardous&nbsp;waste disposal&nbsp;site were sampled along with&nbsp;groundwater&nbsp;at six locations along the groundwater contaminant&nbsp;plume. The objectives of this sampling and study were to identify at the compound class level the unidentified 40–60% of wastewater&nbsp;organic contaminants, and to determine what organic compound classes were being removed by the wastewater pretreatment plant, and what organic compound classes persisted during subsurface waste migration. The unidentified&nbsp;organic wastes&nbsp;are primarily chlorinated aromatic&nbsp;sulfonic acids&nbsp;derived from wastes from DDT manufacture. Trace amounts of&nbsp;EDTA&nbsp;and NTA organic&nbsp;complexing agents&nbsp;were discovered along with&nbsp;carboxylate&nbsp;metabolites&nbsp;of the common alkylphenolpolyethoxylate&nbsp;plasticizers&nbsp;and nonionic&nbsp;surfactants. The wastewater pretreatment plant removed most of the aromatic chlorinated sulfonic acids that have hydrophobic neutral properties, but the&nbsp;</span><i>p</i>-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid which is the primary waste constituent passed through the pretreatment plant and was discharged in the treated wastewaters transported to an industrial sewer. During migration in groundwater,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid is removed by natural&nbsp;remediation&nbsp;processes. Wastewater organic contaminants have decreased 3- to 45-fold in the groundwater from 1985 to 1999 as a result of site remediation and natural remediation processes. The chlorinated aromatic sulfonic acids with hydrophobic neutral properties persist and have migrated into groundwater that underlies the adjacent residential community.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00133-4","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Hsu, J., and Barber, L.B., 2001, Transport and fate of organic wastes in groundwater at the Stringfellow hazardous waste disposal site, southern California: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 51, no. 3-4, p. 163-178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00133-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207506,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00133-4"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb743e4b08c986b32715d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsu, J.","contributorId":68925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023721,"text":"70023721 - 2001 - Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:11:42","indexId":"70023721","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Chemical and isotopic properties of water discharging from springs and wells in Shenandoah National Park (SNP), near the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains, VA, USA were monitored to obtain information on groundwater residence times. Investigated time scales included seasonal (wet season, April, 1996; dry season, August–September, 1997), monthly (March through September, 1999) and hourly (30-min interval recording of specific conductance and temperature, March, 1999 through February, 2000). Multiple environmental tracers, including tritium/helium-3 (</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>), sulfur-35 (</span><sup>35</sup><span>S), and stable isotopes (</span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O and </span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H) of water, were used to estimate the residence times of shallow groundwater discharging from 34 springs and 15 wells. The most reliable ages of water from springs appear to be based on SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> and </span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He, with most ages in the range of 0–3 years. This range is consistent with apparent ages estimated from concentrations of CFCs; however, CFC-based ages have large uncertainties owing to the post-1995 leveling-off of the CFC atmospheric growth curves. Somewhat higher apparent ages are indicated by </span><sup>35</sup><span>S (&gt;1.5 years) and seasonal variation of </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O (mean residence time of 5 years) for spring discharge. The higher ages indicated by the </span><sup>35</sup><span>S and </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O data reflect travel times through the unsaturated zone and, in the case of </span><sup>35</sup><span>S, possible sorption and exchange of S with soils or biomass. In springs sampled in April, 1996, apparent ages derived from the </span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He data (median age of 0.2 years) are lower than those obtained from SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> (median age of 4.3 years), and in contrast to median ages from </span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He (0.3 years) and SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> (0.7 years) obtained during the late summer dry season of 1997. Monthly samples from 1999 at four springs in SNP had SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>apparent ages of only 1.2 to 2.5±0.8 years, and were consistent with the 1997 SF</span><sub>6</sub><span> data. Water from springs has low excess air (0–1 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>–Ar temperatures that vary seasonally. Concentrations of He and Ne in excess of solubility equilibrium indicate that the dissolved gases are not fractionated. The seasonal variations in N</span><sub>2</sub><span>–Ar temperatures suggest shallow, seasonal recharge, and the excess He and Ne data suggest waters mostly confined to gas exchange in the shallow, mountain-slope, water-table spring systems. Water from wells in the fractured rock contains up to 8 cm</span><sup>3</sup><span> kg</span><sup>−1</sup><span> of excess air with ages in the range of 0–25 years. Transient responses in specific conductance and temperature were observed in spring discharge within several hours of large precipitation events in September, 1999; both parameters increased initially, then decreased to values below pre-storm base-flow values. The groundwater residence times indicate that flushing rates of mobile atmospheric constituents through groundwater to streams draining the higher elevations in SNP average less than 3 years in base-flow conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Böhlke, J., Nelms, D., Michel, R.L., and Schlosser, P., 2001, Groundwater residence times in Shenandoah National Park, Blue Ridge Mountains, Virginia, USA: A multi-tracer approach: Chemical Geology, v. 179, no. 1-4, p. 93-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207329,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00317-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah National Park","volume":"179","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dc0e4b0c8380cd5bff4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelms, D.L.","contributorId":32189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schlosser, P.","contributorId":106656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023720,"text":"70023720 - 2001 - Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T06:20:32","indexId":"70023720","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Compound-specific isotope analysis was used to study a contaminated site near Kingsford, Michigan, USA. Organic compounds at three of the sites studied had similar 13C values indicating that the contaminant source is the same for all sites. At a fourth site, chemical and 13C values had evolved due to microbial degradation of organics, with the 13C being much heavier than the starting materials. A microcosm experiment was run to observe isotopic changes with time in the methane evolved and in compounds remaining in the water during degradation. The 13C values of the methane became heavier during the initial period of the run when volatile fatty acids were being consumed. There was an abrupt decrease in the 13C values when fatty acids had been consumed and phenols began to be utilized. The 13C value of the propionate remaining in solution also increased, similar to the results found in the field.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS-AISH Publication","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Michel, R.L., Silva, S.R., Bemis, B., Godsy, E., and Warren, E., 2001, Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of a contaminant plume in Kingsford, Michigan, USA: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 269, p. 311-316.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","city":"Kingsford","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.6203,45.9852],[-87.6208,45.8973],[-87.6993,45.8976],[-87.6994,45.7219],[-87.8187,45.7217],[-87.8468,45.7218],[-87.8475,45.7218],[-87.8495,45.724],[-87.8527,45.7259],[-87.8566,45.7278],[-87.8593,45.7304],[-87.8621,45.7331],[-87.8635,45.7365],[-87.8642,45.7397],[-87.8654,45.7427],[-87.8665,45.7458],[-87.8691,45.7485],[-87.873,45.7508],[-87.8775,45.7536],[-87.8814,45.7545],[-87.8853,45.7549],[-87.8877,45.7551],[-87.8892,45.7551],[-87.8925,45.7543],[-87.8957,45.7539],[-87.899,45.7543],[-87.9016,45.7552],[-87.9056,45.7574],[-87.9076,45.758],[-87.9087,45.7581],[-87.9121,45.7577],[-87.9146,45.7582],[-87.9151,45.7583],[-87.9173,45.7587],[-87.9199,45.7586],[-87.9219,45.7573],[-87.9232,45.7569],[-87.9258,45.7574],[-87.9284,45.7581],[-87.9324,45.7593],[-87.9356,45.7598],[-87.9415,45.7584],[-87.9472,45.7581],[-87.9545,45.7587],[-87.9591,45.7588],[-87.9641,45.7601],[-87.9673,45.7615],[-87.9705,45.7633],[-87.9725,45.7644],[-87.9757,45.7663],[-87.9796,45.7676],[-87.9841,45.7695],[-87.9874,45.7705],[-87.9908,45.772],[-87.9919,45.7732],[-87.9905,45.7755],[-87.9892,45.7764],[-87.9879,45.7773],[-87.9858,45.7796],[-87.9845,45.7823],[-87.9858,45.7845],[-87.9872,45.7881],[-87.9885,45.7903],[-87.9901,45.7924],[-87.994,45.7952],[-87.9971,45.7967],[-87.9984,45.7964],[-87.9991,45.7962],[-88.0031,45.7953],[-88.0064,45.7931],[-88.0084,45.7926],[-88.0104,45.7922],[-88.014,45.791],[-88.0199,45.79],[-88.0264,45.789],[-88.0296,45.7886],[-88.0313,45.7883],[-88.0333,45.7879],[-88.0392,45.7866],[-88.0439,45.7847],[-88.0497,45.7833],[-88.0509,45.783],[-88.0549,45.7819],[-88.0583,45.7818],[-88.0595,45.7818],[-88.0641,45.7809],[-88.0694,45.7814],[-88.071,45.7818],[-88.0732,45.7826],[-88.0779,45.7848],[-88.0805,45.7861],[-88.0862,45.788],[-88.0908,45.789],[-88.095,45.7905],[-88.0989,45.7914],[-88.103,45.7937],[-88.1064,45.7966],[-88.1082,45.7991],[-88.1109,45.8013],[-88.1155,45.8035],[-88.1201,45.8053],[-88.1237,45.8067],[-88.1275,45.8086],[-88.1283,45.8092],[-88.1314,45.8118],[-88.1341,45.8143],[-88.1359,45.8164],[-88.1365,45.8196],[-88.1349,45.8225],[-88.1323,45.8249],[-88.1298,45.8273],[-88.1265,45.8296],[-88.1195,45.8342],[-88.1159,45.8368],[-88.1154,45.8371],[-88.1124,45.8388],[-88.1093,45.8408],[-88.1079,45.8431],[-88.1059,45.8454],[-88.1042,45.8472],[-88.1025,45.8486],[-88.101,45.8499],[-88.0984,45.8523],[-88.0951,45.8541],[-88.0926,45.8562],[-88.0899,45.8584],[-88.0873,45.8603],[-88.0853,45.8626],[-88.0817,45.8644],[-88.0772,45.8658],[-88.074,45.869],[-88.0733,45.8713],[-88.0728,45.8721],[-88.0748,45.8735],[-88.0774,45.8749],[-88.0807,45.8768],[-88.085,45.8777],[-88.0882,45.879],[-88.089,45.8792],[-88.0925,45.8802],[-88.0965,45.882],[-88.1005,45.8838],[-88.1018,45.8865],[-88.1037,45.8893],[-88.1042,45.8906],[-88.1046,45.8925],[-88.1061,45.8985],[-88.1055,45.9016],[-88.1053,45.9044],[-88.104,45.9067],[-88.1036,45.9071],[-88.103,45.9076],[-88.1005,45.9099],[-88.0992,45.9117],[-88.0965,45.9131],[-88.0954,45.9141],[-88.096,45.9154],[-88.098,45.9168],[-88.1013,45.9182],[-88.1046,45.9196],[-88.1085,45.9203],[-88.1125,45.9216],[-88.1149,45.9221],[-88.1171,45.9225],[-88.1187,46.1216],[-88.1178,46.2471],[-87.7424,46.2469],[-87.6189,46.2476],[-87.6187,46.1582],[-87.6205,46.0712],[-87.6203,45.9852]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dickinson\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","issue":"269","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f93ee4b0c8380cd4d50b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silva, S. R.","contributorId":27474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silva","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bemis, B.","contributorId":55608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bemis","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70023718,"text":"70023718 - 2001 - Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T15:34:57.210806","indexId":"70023718","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline","docAbstract":"<p>The specific storage of a porous medium, a function of the compressibility of the aquifer material and the fluid within it, is essentially constant under normal hydrologic conditions. Gases dissolved in ground water can increase the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer, however, during water level declines. This causes a reduction in pore pressure that lowers the gas solubility and results in exsolution. The exsolved gas then displaces water from storage, and the specific storage increases because gas compressibility is typically much greater than that of water or aquifer material.</p><p>This work describes the effective specific storage of a confined aquifer exsolving dissolved gas as a function of hydraulic head and the dimensionless Henry's law constant for the gas. This relation is applied in a transient simulation of ground water discharge from a confined aquifer system to a collapsed salt mine in the Genesee Valley in western New York. Results indicate that exsolution of gas significantly increased the effective specific storage in the aquifer system, thereby decreasing the water level drawdown.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02340.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., and Fountain, J., 2001, Effect of natural gas exsolution on specific storage in a confined aquifer undergoing water level decline: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 4, p. 517-525, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02340.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"517","endPage":"525","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05f5e4b0c8380cd5104e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, R. M.","contributorId":8069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fountain, J.C.","contributorId":43104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023714,"text":"70023714 - 2001 - Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T08:45:43","indexId":"70023714","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient","docAbstract":"The inter-annual variation in the structure of the benthic community of riffles and pools was evaluated in contrasting geomorphic settings. The community structure of riffles and pools was a function of habitat, reach gradient, and discharge and was taxon specific. In years of below average peak discharge, riffles had higher taxon richness than pools (66 versus 47) but richness was similar between habitats during a year of average discharge (56 versus 54). The percentage composition of oligochaetes and elmid beetles was more variable inter-annually in pools and low gradient reaches than in high gradient reaches. Differences in the percentage of collector-gatherers and scrapers in riffles and pools appeared related to inter-annual differences in discharge regimes. Two components of the annual discharge regime appear to differentially affect the composition of the benthic community in the snowmelt dominated stream studied: the magnitude of the annual peak discharge and the duration and timing of the period of extended high flow.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012535013043","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Fend, S., 2001, Inter-annual changes in the benthic community structure of riffles and pools in reaches of contrasting gradient: Hydrobiologia, v. 459, no. 1-3, p. 187-200, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012535013043.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207634,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012535013043"}],"volume":"459","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c9fe4b0c8380cd62ec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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