Lac Vieux Desert, a 6.6 square-mile lake on the Michigan-Wisconsin border, is the headwaters of the Wisconsin River. The Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians have a number of homes and tribal property on the Lake's north shore. Most drinking water is obtained from wells drilled in unconsolidated glacial deposits. A gravel layer at or near the bedrock surface is the most productive aquifer on tribal property.
Water quality of Lac Vieux Desert is a concern for tribal members. To assess general water-quality conditions, water samples were collected at three sites on the lake in March 1996 and at 10 sites in October 1996. Profiles of pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and temperature indicate that the lake is well mixed in the fall but not when the lake is ice covered in winter.
Between 1913 and 1995, the minimum and maximum daily recorded lake levels were 1,679.28 feet (in 1925) and 1,682.16 feet (in 1951) above sea level. Since the early 1950's, the annual minimum lake-level has been lower and less variable than before the 1950's. Although the level of Lac Vieux Desert is regulated, historical levels show year-to-year fluctuations that reflect transient changes in precipitation amounts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984051","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., and Grannemann, N.G., 1998, Water resources of Lac Vieux Desert indian community and vicinity, western Upper Peninsula, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4051, ii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984051.","productDescription":"ii, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343737,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4051/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.19387817382811,\n 46.08370938230368\n ],\n [\n -88.87390136718749,\n 46.08370938230368\n ],\n [\n -88.87390136718749,\n 46.25157368856837\n ],\n [\n -89.19387817382811,\n 46.25157368856837\n ],\n [\n -89.19387817382811,\n 46.08370938230368\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0829","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grannemann, Norman G. nggranne@usgs.gov","contributorId":4823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grannemann","given":"Norman","email":"nggranne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30612,"text":"wri984061 - 1998 - Hydrogeology, water quality, water budgets, and simulated responses to hydrologic changes in Santa Rosa and San Simeon Creek ground-water basins, San Luis Obispo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri984061","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4061","title":"Hydrogeology, water quality, water budgets, and simulated responses to hydrologic changes in Santa Rosa and San Simeon Creek ground-water basins, San Luis Obispo County, California","docAbstract":"Santa Rosa and San Simeon Creeks are underlain by thin, narrow ground-water basins that supply nearly all water used for local agricultural and municipal purposes. The creeks discharge to the Pacific Ocean near the northwestern corner of San Luis Obispo County, California. The basins contain heterogeneous, unconsolidated alluvial deposits and are underlain by relatively impermeable bedrock. Both creeks usually stop flowing during the summer dry season, and most of the pumpage during that time is derived from ground-water storage. Annual pumpage increased substantially during 1956?88 and is now a large fraction of basin storage capacity. Consequently, dry-season water levels are lower and the water supply is more vulnerable to drought.\r\nThe creeks are the largest source of ground-water recharge, and complete basin recharge can occur within the first few weeks of winter streamflow. Agricultural and municipal pumpages are the largest outflows and cause dry-season water-level declines throughout the San Simeon Basin. Pumping effects are more localized in the Santa Rosa Basin because of subsurface flow obstructions. Even without pumpage, a large quantity of water naturally drains out of storage at the upper ends of the basins during the dry season.\r\nGround water is more saline in areas close to the coast than in inland areas. Although seawater intrusion has occurred in the past, it probably was not the cause of high salinity in 1988?89. Ground water is very hard, and concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, iron, and manganese exceed drinking-water standards in some locations.\r\nProbability distributions of streamflow were estimated indirectly from a 120-year rainfall record because the periods of record for local stream-gaging stations were wetter than average. Dry-season durations with recurrence intervals between 5 and 43 years are likely to dry up some wells but not cause seawater intrusion. A winter with no streamflow is likely to occur about every 32 years and to result in numerous dry wells, seawater intrusion, and subsidence.\r\nDigital ground-water-flow models were used to estimate several items in the ground-water budgets and to investigate the effects of pumpage and drought. The models also were used to investigate the hydrologic effects of selected water-resources management alternatives. Selection of alternatives was not constrained by issues related to water rights, which were under dispute during the study. Increases in the area and intensity of irrigation could increase agricultural water demand by 26 to 35 percent, an increase that would lower water levels by as much as 10 feet and possibly cause subsidence in the lower Santa Rosa Basin. An additional municipal well in the lower Santa Rosa Basin could withdraw 100 acre-feet per year without causing seawater intrusion, but subsidence might occur. Transferring 270 acre-feet per year of treated wastewater from a percolation area near the coast to an area about 0.5 mile upstream of the municipal well field in the San Simeon Basin could raise upstream water levels by as much as 12 feet without causing significant water-table mounding or seawater intrusion. Decreases in agricultural pumping after a winter without streamflow could prevent seawater intrusion while allowing municipal pumping to continue at normal rates.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984061","usgsCitation":"Yates, E.B., and Van Konyenburg, K.M., 1998, Hydrogeology, water quality, water budgets, and simulated responses to hydrologic changes in Santa Rosa and San Simeon Creek ground-water basins, San Luis Obispo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4061, vii, 103 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984061.","productDescription":"vii, 103 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95851,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4061/report.pdf","size":"10695","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4061/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, Eugene B.","contributorId":10844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Konyenburg, Kathryn M.","contributorId":100895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Konyenburg","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6801,"text":"fs16898 - 1998 - Evaluation of a method for comparing phosphorus loads from barnyards and croplands in Otter Creek Watershed, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-28T14:49:29","indexId":"fs16898","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"168-98","title":"Evaluation of a method for comparing phosphorus loads from barnyards and croplands in Otter Creek Watershed, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Control of phosphorus from rural nonpoint sources is a major focus of current efforts to improve and protect water resources in Wisconsin and is recommended in almost every priority watershed plan prepared for the State's Nonpoint Source (NFS) Program. Barnyards and crop- lands usually are identified as the primary rural sources of phosphorus. Numerous questions have arisen about which of these two sources to control and about the method currently being used by the NFS program to compare phosphorus loads from barnyards and croplands. To evaluate the method, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, used phosphorus-load and sediment-load data from streams and phosphorus concentrations in soils from the Otter Creek Watershed (located in the Sheboygan River Basin: fig. 1) in conjunction with two computer-based models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs16898","usgsCitation":"Wierl, J.A., Giddings, E.M., and Bannerman, R.T., 1998, Evaluation of a method for comparing phosphorus loads from barnyards and croplands in Otter Creek Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 168-98, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16898.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":815,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wi.water.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-168-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34147,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Otter Creek, Sheboygan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.10005187988281,\n 43.61619382369188\n ],\n [\n -88.10005187988281,\n 43.872158236415416\n ],\n [\n -87.76290893554688,\n 43.872158236415416\n ],\n [\n -87.76290893554688,\n 43.61619382369188\n ],\n [\n -88.10005187988281,\n 43.61619382369188\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wierl, Judy A.","contributorId":106110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wierl","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giddings, Elise M. P.","contributorId":55819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giddings","given":"Elise","email":"","middleInitial":"M. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bannerman, Roger T. 0000-0001-9221-2905 rbannerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-2905","contributorId":5560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bannerman","given":"Roger","email":"rbannerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29997,"text":"wri984053 - 1998 - Spatial variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity of sediments at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T15:19:43","indexId":"wri984053","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4053","title":"Spatial variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity of sediments at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Saturated hydraulic conductivity of aquifer sediments at a crude-oil spill research site near Bemidji, Minnesota were examined using pneumatically-induced head-difference tests and packer/vacuum system tests. Results from slug tests on 58 wells show that hydraulic conductivity varies both horizontally and vertically in the range from about 10-7 to 10-4 meters per second (m/s), with a median of 7.28 x 10-5 m/s. Hydraulic conductivities of the well-sorted medium to fine sand facies, which contains a majority of the oil plume, range from 1.76 x 10-5 to 9.82 x 10-5 m/s with a median of 5.42 x 10-5 m/s. Hydraulic conductivities of the lower sand and gravel unit, which contains a majority of the plume of dissolved petroleum constituents, range from 4.42 x 10-6 to 5.36 x 10-4 m/s with a median of 2.32 x 10-4 m/s.
\nThe average linear velocity of ground water near the spill site was calculated to examine the effects of advective flow on migration of the plumes of oil and dissolved petroleum constituents. The average linear velocity in the well-sorted medium to fine sand facies during September 1996 was about 11 meters per year (m/year). If we assume that this was the average velocity during the 17-year period since the spill (1979-96), total advective flow of ground water in this facies was about 187 m. During this 17-year period, oil floating on the water table migrated only about 40 m. By comparison, the lower sand and gravel unit had an average linear velocity of about 29 m/year, or about 3 times greater than the velocity in the well-sorted medium to fine sand facies. Based on a 29 m/year velocity, advective flow of ground water in this unit during the 17-year period since the spill was about 493 m; whereas, the plume of dissolved petroleum constituents migrated only about 200 m. These results indicate that spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and ground-water velocity at the research site likely is a factor affecting the rate of contaminant migration. Additional research is needed to fully evaluate how the contaminant plumes are affected by changes in hydraulic properties of the various lithologic units.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri984053","usgsCitation":"Strobel, M., Delin, G., and Munson, C.J., 1998, Spatial variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity of sediments at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4053, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984053.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95812,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4053/report.pdf","size":"2588","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.0592041015625,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -94.7076416015625,\n 47.36115300722623\n ],\n [\n -94.7076416015625,\n 47.55428670127958\n ],\n [\n -95.0592041015625,\n 47.55428670127958\n ],\n [\n -95.0592041015625,\n 47.36115300722623\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strobel, Michael L.","contributorId":53002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobel","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Carissa J.","contributorId":10839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Carissa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4951,"text":"fs23696 - 1998 - Detecting debris flows using ground vibrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T08:57:45","indexId":"fs23696","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"236-96","title":"Detecting debris flows using ground vibrations","docAbstract":"Debris flows are rapidly flowing mixtures of rock debris, mud, and water that originate on steep slopes. During and following volcanic eruptions, debris flows are among the most destructive and persistent hazards. Debris flows threaten lives and property not only on volcanoes but far downstream in valleys that drain volcanoes where they arrive suddenly and inundate entire valley bottoms. Debris flows can destroy vegetation and structures in their path, including bridges and buildings. Their deposits can cover roads and railways, smother crops, and fill stream channels, thereby reducing their flood-carrying capacity and navigability.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs23696","usgsCitation":"LaHusen, R.G., 1998, Detecting debris flows using ground vibrations: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 236-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs23696.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs23696.jpg"},{"id":119,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":289063,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0236/pdf/fs236-96.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25541,"text":"wri984170 - 1998 - Geomorphology, flood-plain tailings, and metal transport in the upper Clark Fork Valley, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T06:29:09","indexId":"wri984170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4170","title":"Geomorphology, flood-plain tailings, and metal transport in the upper Clark Fork Valley, Montana","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984170","usgsCitation":"Smith, J.D., Lambing, J., Nimick, D., Parrett, C., Ramey, M., and Schafer, W., 1998, Geomorphology, flood-plain tailings, and metal transport in the upper Clark Fork Valley, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4170, vi, 56 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984170.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4170/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4170/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.94946289062499,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -111.412353515625,\n 45.359865333959746\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -116.94946289062499,\n 48.545705491847464\n ],\n [\n -116.94946289062499,\n 46.73986059969267\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, J. 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A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramey, Michael","contributorId":83163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schafer, William","contributorId":28633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schafer","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":27213,"text":"wri984166 - 1998 - User's guide to the U.S. Geological Survey Culvert Analysis Program, version 97-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri984166","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4166","title":"User's guide to the U.S. Geological Survey Culvert Analysis Program, version 97-08","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984166","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 1998, User's guide to the U.S. Geological Survey Culvert Analysis Program, version 97-08: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4166, v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984166.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438901,"rank":301,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DW3XXX","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Culvert Analysis Program (CAP) version 2021.0.0"},{"id":95629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4166/report.pdf","size":"4338","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4166/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24089,"text":"ofr98285 - 1998 - Measured flow and tracer-dye data showing the anthropogenic effects on the hydrodynamics of south Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, spring 1996 and 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T12:42:07","indexId":"ofr98285","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-285","title":"Measured flow and tracer-dye data showing the anthropogenic effects on the hydrodynamics of south Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, spring 1996 and 1997","docAbstract":"Tidal flows were measured using acoustic Doppler current profilers and ultrasonic velocity meters during spring 1996 and 1997 in south Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, when (1) a temporary barrier was installed at the head of Old River to prevent the entrance of migrating San Joaquin River salmon smolts, (2) the rate of water export from the south Delta was reduced for an extended period of time, and (3) a 30-day pulse flow was created on the San Joaquin River to move salmon smolts north away from the export facilities during spring 1997. Tracer-dye measurements also were made under these three conditions.
","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98285","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Oltmann, R.N., 1998, Measured flow and tracer-dye data showing the anthropogenic effects on the hydrodynamics of south Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, spring 1996 and 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-285, iii, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98285.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610a83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22767,"text":"ofr9886 - 1998 - Identification of water-bearing zones by the use of geophysical logs and borehole television surveys, collected February to September 1997, at the Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:49:46","indexId":"ofr9886","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-86","title":"Identification of water-bearing zones by the use of geophysical logs and borehole television surveys, collected February to September 1997, at the Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Between February 1997 and September 1997, 10 monitor wells were drilled near the site of the former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pa., to monitor water levels and sample ground-water contaminants in the shallow, intermediate, and deep water-bearing zones. The sampling will determine the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known or suspected contaminant sources. Four wells were drilled north of the property adjacent to Area A, three wells along strike located on Lewis Drive, and three wells directly down dip on Ivyland Road. Well depths range from 69 feet to 300 feet below land surface.
Borehole-geophysical logging and television surveys were used to identify water-bearing zones so that appropriate intervals could be screened in each monitor well. Geophysical logs were obtained at the 10 monitor wells. Borehole television surveys were obtained at the four monitor wells adjacent to Area A.
Caliper and borehole television surveys were used to locate fractures, inflections on fluidtemperature and fluid-resistivity logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures, and heatpulse- flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, borehole television surveys, and driller's logs, all wells were screened such that water-level fluctuations could be monitored and water samples collected from discrete water-bearing zones in each borehole.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9886","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy","usgsCitation":"Conger, R.W., 1998, Identification of water-bearing zones by the use of geophysical logs and borehole television surveys, collected February to September 1997, at the Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster, Bucks County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-86, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9886.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350718,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0086/ofr19980086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"633 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-0086"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
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215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Eight stream sites (Fixed Sites) were chosen to describe the variability in the water quality of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages (WMIC) Study Unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. These sites were chosen in areas (Relatively Homogeneous Units) dominated by unique combinations of the environmental factors thought to be most important in influencing water quality; namely, land use, surficial deposits, and bedrock type. A study was designed to determine (1) the applicability of streamflow, nutrient, and suspended sediment data regularly collected at these eight sites describing the variability in these characteristics throughout the Study Unit during base-flow conditions and (2) the applicability of the interpretive results made from data collected at these few sites to streams throughout the Study Unit. This was done by sampling the Fixed Sites and an additional 83 sites in Relatively Homogeneous Units throughout the Study Unit during summer base-flow conditions.
\nData collected at the Fixed Sites described the range in water-quality characteristics (stream-flow and concentrations of nutrients and suspended sediment) in the WMIC Study Unit and, in general, represented the water quality from the Relatively Homogeneous Units from which they were chosen. The result from the eight Fixed Sites agreed with those found for all of the sites; namely, that these water-quality characteristics in streams throughout the WMIC Study Unit during base-flow conditions are influenced primarily by the land use and surficial deposits in their drainage basins. General basin characteristics (bedrock information, topographic gradient, and basin size) were not important factors in explaining the variability in these water-quality characteristics during base-flow conditions, but may be important factors for other characteristics measured at Fixed Sites, such as major ions, and may be important during higher flow. In general, streams in agricultural areas had the poorest water quality; that is, they contained the highest concentrations of total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and suspended sediment. Streams in urban and mixed agriculture/forested areas had moderate water quality, exhibiting the highest concentrations of total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and suspended sediment, and the lowest base flow. In general, water quality in streams in areas with sandy/sand and gravel deposits and loamy deposits were very similar. Within the forested areas, streams in areas with a higher percentage of forested wetlands had lower base flow, higher concentrations of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and lower concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate than streams in areas with a lower percentage of forested wetlands.
\nThe variability in water quality throughout the WMIC Study Unit during base-flow conditions could be described very well by subdividing the area into Relatively Homogeneous Units and sampling a few streams with drainage basins completely within these homogeneous units. This subdivision and sampling scheme enabled the differences in water quality to be directly related to the differences in the environmental characteristics that exist throughout the Study Unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Middleton, WI","doi":"10.3133/wri984072","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., 1998, Evaluation of the surface-water sampling design in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages in relation to environmental factors affecting water quality at base flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4072, vii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984072.","productDescription":"vii, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"63","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29665,"text":"wri984169 - 1998 - Radon-222 in the ground water of Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-29T20:20:51.6582","indexId":"wri984169","displayToPublicDate":"2001-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4169","title":"Radon-222 in the ground water of Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Radon-222 concentrations in ground water in 31 geologic units in Chester County, Pa., were measured in 665 samples collected from 534 wells from 1986 to 1997. Chester County is underlain by schists, gneisses, quartzites, carbonates, sandstones, shales, and other rocks of the Piedmont Physiographic Province. On average, radon concentration was measured in water from one well per 1.4 square miles, throughout the 759 square-mile county, although the distribution of wells was not even areally or among geologic units.
The median concentration of radon-222 in ground water from the 534 wells was 1,400 pCi/L (picocuries per liter). About 89 percent of the wells sampled contained radon-222 at concentrations greater than 300 pCi/L, and about 11 percent of the wells sampled contained radon-222 at concentrations greater than 5,000 pCi/L. The highest concentration measured was 53,000 pCi/L. Of the geologic units sampled, the median radon-222 concentration in ground water was greatest (4,400 pCi/L) in the Peters Creek Schist, the second most areally extensive formation in the county. Significant differences in the radon-222 concentrations in ground water among geologic units were observed. Generally, concentrations in ground water in schists, quartzites, and gneisses were greater than in ground water in anorthosite, carbonates, and ultramafic rocks. The distribution of radon-222 in ground water is related to the distribution of uranium in aquifer materials of the various rock types.
Temporal variability in radon-222 concentrations in ground water does not appear to be greater than about a factor of two for most (75 percent) of wells sampled more than once but was observed to range up to almost a factor of three in water from one well. In water samples from this well, seasonal variations were observed; the maximum concentrations were measured in the fall and the minimum in the spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Chester County Water Resources Authority and Chester County Health Department","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., 1998, Radon-222 in the ground water of Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4169, Report: v, 79 p.; 2 Plates: 38.80 x 28.25 inches and 35.93 x 28.37 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984169.","productDescription":"Report: v, 79 p.; 2 Plates: 38.80 x 28.25 inches and 35.93 x 28.37 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2430,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4169/wri19984169.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 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Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984019","usgsCitation":"Busciolano, R., Monti, J., and Chu, A., 1998, Water-table and potentiometric-surface altitudes of the upper glacial, Magothy, and Lloyd aquifers on Long Island, New York, in March-April 1997, with a summary of hydrogeologic conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4019, Report: iv, 17 p.; 6 Plates: 34.03 × 24.01 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984019.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 17 p.; 6 Plates: 34.03 × 24.01 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4019.jpg"},{"id":406035,"rank":17,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48911.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":260325,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/plate-3_a.pdf","text":"Plate 3-A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260326,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/plate-3_b.pdf","text":"Plate 3-B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260327,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":260321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/plate-1_a.pdf","text":"Plate 1-A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260322,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/plate-1_b.pdf","text":"Plate 1-B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260323,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/plate-2_a.pdf","text":"Plate 2-A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":260324,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4019/plate-2_b.pdf","text":"Plate 2-B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.90502929687499,\n 40.51797520038851\n ],\n [\n -72.70751953125,\n 40.718119379753446\n ],\n [\n -71.83959960937499,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -72.2515869140625,\n 41.19932314127607\n ],\n [\n -72.7459716796875,\n 41.02135510866602\n ],\n [\n -73.388671875,\n 40.992337919312305\n ],\n [\n -73.7127685546875,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -74.0313720703125,\n 40.72228267283148\n ],\n [\n -74.0643310546875,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -73.90502929687499,\n 40.51797520038851\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busciolano, Ronald 0000-0002-9257-8453 rjbuscio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-8453","contributorId":1059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busciolano","given":"Ronald","email":"rjbuscio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monti, Jack Jr. jmonti@usgs.gov","contributorId":1185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monti","given":"Jack","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jmonti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chu, Anthony 0000-0001-8623-2862 achu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-2862","contributorId":2517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Anthony","email":"achu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25759,"text":"wri984052 - 1998 - Revised Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17334,"text":"ofr93408 - 1993 - Methods for characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"ofr93408","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Methods for characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":25759,"text":"wri984052 - 1998 - Revised Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","indexId":"wri984052","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:13","indexId":"wri984052","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4052","title":"Revised Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","docAbstract":"Stream habitat is characterized in the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program as part of an integrated physical, chemical, and biological assessment of the Nation's water quality. The goal of stream habitat characterization is to relate habitat to other physical, chemical, and biological factors that describe water-quality conditions. To accomplish this goal, environmental settings are described at sites selected for water-quality assessment. In addition, spatial and temporal patterns in habitat are examined at local, regional, and national scales.\r\n\r\nThis habitat protocol contains updated methods for evaluating habitat in NAWQA Study Units. Revisions are based on lessons learned after 6 years of applying the original NAWQA habitat protocol to NAWQA Study Unit ecological surveys. Similar to the original protocol, these revised methods for evaluating stream habitat are based on a spatially hierarchical framework that incorporates habitat data at basin, segment, reach, and microhabitat scales. This framework provides a basis for national consistency in collection techniques while allowing flexibility in habitat assessment within individual Study Units. Procedures are described for collecting habitat data at basin and segment scales; these procedures include use of geographic information system data bases, topographic maps, and aerial photographs. Data collected at the reach scale include channel, bank, and riparian characteristics.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri984052","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Waite, I.R., D’Arconte, P.J., Meador, M., Maupin, M.A., and Gurtz, M.E., 1998, Revised Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4052, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984052.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11655,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri984052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Arconte, Patricia J.","contributorId":104942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Arconte","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maupin, Molly A. 0000-0002-2695-5505 mamaupin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5505","contributorId":951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maupin","given":"Molly","email":"mamaupin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gurtz, Martin E. megurtz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtz","given":"Martin","email":"megurtz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":194956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":25435,"text":"wri984213 - 1998 - Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T09:42:14","indexId":"wri984213","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4213","title":"Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95","docAbstract":"In response to increasing concern about the quality of irrigation drainage and its potential effects on fish, wildlife, and human health, the U.S. Department of the Interior began the National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP) to investigate these concerns at irrigation projects sponsored by the Department. The San Juan River area in northwestern New Mexico was one of the areas designated for study.
Study teams composed of scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs collected water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples at 61 sites in the San Juan River area during 1993-94. Supplemental data collection conducted during 1991-95 by the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its contractor extended the time period and sampling sites available for analysis. Analytical chemistry performed on samples indicated that most potentially toxic elements other than selenium generally were not high enough to be of concern to fish, wildlife, and human health.
Element concentrations in some water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples exceeded applicable standards and criteria suggested by researchers in current literature. Selenium concentrations in water samples from 28 sites in the study area exceeded the 2-microgramper-liter (lg/L) wildlife-habitat standard. Vanadium concentrations in water exceeded the 100-Kg/L standard for livestock-drinking water at one site. In biota, selenium and aluminum concentrations regularly equaled or exceeded avian dietary threshold concentrations. In bottom sediment and soil, element concentrations above the upper limit of the baseline range for western soils were: selenium, 24 exceedances; lead, 2 exceedances; molybdenum, 2 exceedances;strontium, 4 exceedances; and zinc, 4 exceedances.
Concentrations of total selenium in bottom-sediment and soil samples were significantly greater for Cretaceous than for non-Cretaceous soil types in the study area and were generally similar for habitats within and outside irrigation-affected areas. Mean and median total-selenium concentrations in samples from areas with Cretaceous soil types were 4.6 and 2.2 micrograms per gram (ps/g), respectively. Mean and median total-selenium concentrations in samples from areas with non-Cretaceous soil types were 0.6 and 0.15 pg/g, respectively.
Samples from the study area had low concentrations of organic constituents. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in a few biological samples at low concentrations. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were not detected in whole-water samples collected using conventional water-sampling techniques. In tests involving the use of semipermeable-membrane devices to supplement conventional water assays for PAH's, low concentrations of PAH's were found at several locations in the Hammond Irrigation Supply Canal, but were not detected in the Hammond ponds at the downstream reach of the Hammond irrigation service area. PAH compounds do not appear to reach the San Juan River through the Hammond Canal.
Data indicate that water samples from irrigation-drainage-affected habitats had increased mean selenium concentrations compared with samples from irrigation-delivery habitat. The mean selenium concentration in water was greatest at seeps and tributaries draining irrigated land (17 μg/L); less in irrigation drains and in ponds on irrigated land (61.tg/L); and least in backwater, the San Juan River, and irrigation-supply water (0.5 - 0.6 μg/L).
Statistical tests imply that irrigation significantly increases selenium concentrations in water samples when a Department of the Interior irrigation project is developed on selenium-rich sediments. Water samples from sites with Cretaceous soils had significantly greater selenium concentrations than water samples from sites with non-Cretaceous soils. Water samples from Department of the Interior project irrigation-drainage sites developed on Cretaceous soils contained a mean selenium concentration about 10 times greater than those in samples from Department of the Interior project sites developed on non-Cretaceous soils.
Selenium was much less concentrated in water than in bottom sediment, soil, or biota in the study area. The range in concentrations of dissolved selenium in water was less than 1 ptg/L to 37 1.1g/L (less than 1 to 37 parts per billion). The range in concentrations of total selenium in bottom sediment and soil was less than 0.1 to 23lig/g (less than 100 to 23,000 parts per billion). The range in concentration of selenium in biota was less than 0.1 to 24.0 fig/g (less than 100 to 24,000 parts per billion).
Data indicated that bioaccumulation and leaching from soil were the important processes at the study area that lead to elevated levels of selenium. Other processes examined included: (1) evapoconcentration of selenium; (2) atmospheric deposition of aerosols containing selenium; and (3) contamination of surface water by point-source or non-point-source discharges.
Selenium concentrations in biological samples were evaluated by a number of variables including: (1) media sampled (emergent and submergent plants, nektonic and benthic invertebrates, omnivore/herbivore and carnivore fish, and terrestrial and aquatic amphibians); (2) habitat (San Juan River main-stem reaches, backwaters, tributary reaches, irrigation delivery or drainage canals, and ponds); (3) irrigation project area and reference sites; and (4) soil type (non-Cretaceous or Cretaceous soils). Graphical techniques and nonparametric statistical tests were applied to determine the influence of selected physiographic variables on selenium concentrations in biological samples collected in the San Juan River area. Species of sucker and of smaller fish contained significantly higher selenium concentrations in the upstream portion of the river where a productive community of plants and animals is found that is associated with warming, nutrient-rich waters discharged from an upstream reservoir.
Selenium concentrations in algae, odonates, and mosquitofish collected from both irrigation-drain and pond habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils were significantly greater than in those collected from similar habitats underlain by non-Cretaceous soils. Investigators conclude that the major factor affecting the variability of selenium accumulation in biota at aquatic habitats was the presence of underlying Cretaceous soils. Median selenium concentrations were less than 2 lAg/g for plant samples, less than 7 μg/g for invertebrate samples, and less than 6 lAg/g for whole-fish samples collected from aquatic habitats underlain by non-Cretaceous soils. Similar samples collected from aquatic habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils contained median selenium concentrations two to five times greater. Leaching of selenium from Cretaceous soils in the San Juan River area increases the accumulation of selenium concentrations in the biota and thereby increases the exposure and potential health risks associated with selenium to migratory birds, fish, and other wildlife that use these aquatic habitats extensively. Aquatic habitats presenting the greatest average exposure to excess selenium concentrations in the diets of resident wildlife are from consumption of plants, invertebrates, and fish at irrigation-drain habitats underlain by Cretaceous soils.
Of the irrigation projects evaluated in the San Juan River area, the highest median selenium concentrations in algae, cattail leaves, odonate nymphs, mosquitofish, and leopard frog samples from the study area were collected from the east hogback irrigation drain.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984213","usgsCitation":"Thomas, C.L., Wilson, R., Lusk, J.D., Bristol, R.S., and Shineman, A., 1998, Detailed study of selenium and selected constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the San Juan River area, New Mexico, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4213, v, 84 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984213.","productDescription":"v, 84 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":367066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4213/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4213/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ],\n [\n -107.39959716796875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ],\n [\n -107.39959716796875,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 37.00035919622158\n ],\n [\n -109.04754638671875,\n 36.423492513472326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b1e4b07f02db5307ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Carole L.","contributorId":50938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Carole","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R.M.","contributorId":100417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lusk, J. D.","contributorId":72015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusk","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bristol, R. S. 0000-0003-1682-4031","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-4031","contributorId":93931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bristol","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shineman, A.R.","contributorId":68338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shineman","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":27212,"text":"wri984242 - 1998 - Evaluation and comparison of four one-dimensional unsteady flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri984242","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4242","title":"Evaluation and comparison of four one-dimensional unsteady flow models","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984242","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 1998, Evaluation and comparison of four one-dimensional unsteady flow models: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4242, iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984242.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4242/report.pdf","size":"2422","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4242/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fb05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30288,"text":"wri984207 - 1998 - Hydrogeology and subsurface nitrate in the Upper Big Blue Natural Resources District, central Nebraska, July 1995 through September 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T12:10:13.84128","indexId":"wri984207","displayToPublicDate":"2001-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4207","title":"Hydrogeology and subsurface nitrate in the Upper Big Blue Natural Resources District, central Nebraska, July 1995 through September 1997","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984207","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., McGuire, V.L., and Heckman, K.L., 1998, Hydrogeology and subsurface nitrate in the Upper Big Blue Natural Resources District, central Nebraska, July 1995 through September 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4207, v, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984207.","productDescription":"v, 81 p.","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":411535,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13124.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95839,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Upper Big Blue Natural Resources District","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97,\n 40.622\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 41.267\n ],\n [\n -98.457,\n 41.267\n ],\n [\n -98.457,\n 40.622\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 40.622\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGuire, Virginia L. 0000-0002-3962-4158 vlmcguir@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-4158","contributorId":404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Virginia","email":"vlmcguir@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heckman, K. L.","contributorId":71595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heckman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30024,"text":"wri974194 - 1998 - A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-10T22:47:58.14018","indexId":"wri974194","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4194","title":"A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek Basin, near Yakima, Washington, is generally good with respect to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards. Of 487 wells sampled during one phase of the study, only 2 produced water with nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Ground-water samples with elevated nitriteplus-nitrate concentrations (greater than 5 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) were obtained from wells located in the eastern and southern parts of the basin and in areas underlain by the Touchet Beds, in the central part of the basin. In another phase of the study, in which 60 wells were sampled, atrazine, an herbicide used on asparagus and corn, was detected in water samples from 4 wells, and 2 insecticides, diazinon and disulfoton, were detected in separate samples from 2 wells.
Bacteria, indicators of the sanitary water quality, were detected in samples from 64 wells, suggesting that ground water may be contaminated in some areas. However, other sources of bacteria may include leaks in the plumbing of the well or residence, or improper well construction.
Small seasonal variations in nitrite-plus-nitrate concentrations in ground water appeared to be related to fertilizer use in the basin, indicating that the potential exists for more serious contamination of ground water. Groundwater quality is affected by agricultural activities in some parts of the basin. However, widespread degradation in ground-water quality was not detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yakama Indian Nation","usgsCitation":"Sumioka, S.S., 1998, A survey of ground-water quality in the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakama Indian Reservation, Washington, 1989-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4194, Report: v, 89 p.; 5 Plates: 36.00 x 23.95 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974194.","productDescription":"Report: v, 89 p.; 5 Plates: 36.00 x 23.95 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424291,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48805.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":365973,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365972,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365971,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":365969,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":365970,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58830,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Yakama Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.1\n ],\n [\n -120.1,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.6\n ],\n [\n -121.25,\n 46.1\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumioka, S. S.","contributorId":20747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumioka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27766,"text":"wri984116 - 1998 - Streamflow losses in the Black Hills of western South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-12T20:32:01.470338","indexId":"wri984116","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4116","title":"Streamflow losses in the Black Hills of western South Dakota","docAbstract":"Losses occur in numerous streams that cross outcrops of various sedimentary rocks that are exposed around the periphery of the Black Hills of South Dakota. These streamflow losses are recognized as an important source of local recharge to regional bedrock aquifers. Most streams lose all of their flow up to some threshold rate. Streamflow is maintained through a loss zone when the threshold is exceeded. Streamflow records for 86 measurement sites are used to determine bedrock loss thresholds for 24 area streams, which have individual loss thresholds that range from negligible (no loss) to as much as 50 cubic feet per second. In addition, insights are provided regarding springflow that occurs in the immediate vicinity of selected loss zones.\r\n\r\nMost losses occur to outcrops of the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation. Losses to the Deadwood Formation probably are minimal. Losses to the Minnekahta Limestone generally are small; however, they are difficult to quantify because of potential losses to extensive alluvial deposits that commonly are located near Minnekahta outcrops.\r\n\r\nLoss thresholds for each stream are shown to be relatively constant, without measurable effects from streamflow rates or duration of flow through the loss zones. Calculated losses for measurements made during high-flow conditions generally have larger variability than calculated losses for low-flow conditions; however, consistent relations between losses and streamflow have not been identified. Some of this variability results from the inability to account for tributary inflows and changes in storage. Calculated losses are shown to decrease, in some cases, during periods of extended flow through loss zones. Decreased 'net' losses, however, generally can be attributed to springflow (ground-water discharge) within a loss zone, which may occur during prolonged periods of wet climatic conditions.\r\n\r\nLosses to unsaturated alluvial deposits located adjacent to the stream channels are found to have significant effects on determination of bedrock losses. Large losses occur in filling initial storage in unsaturated alluvial deposits downstream from loss zones, when bedrock loss thresholds are first exceeded. Losses to alluvial deposits in the range of tens of cubic feet per second and alluvial storage capacities in the range of hundreds of acre-feet are documented.\r\n\r\nSignificant changes in loss thresholds for Grace Coolidge Creek, Spring Creek, and Whitewood Creek are documented. Introduction of large quantities of fine-grained sediments into these stream channels may have affected loss thresholds for various periods of time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984116","usgsCitation":"Hortness, J., and Driscoll, D.G., 1998, Streamflow losses in the Black Hills of western South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4116, vii, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984116.","productDescription":"vii, 99 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri984116/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South 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