{"pageNumber":"3444","pageRowStart":"86075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184934,"records":[{"id":29929,"text":"wri984138 - 1998 - Nitrate and other water-quality characteristics, and nitrogen in the unsaturated zone, in the Red Willow and Hitchcock counties Special Protection Area, southwest Nebraska, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri984138","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4138","title":"Nitrate and other water-quality characteristics, and nitrogen in the unsaturated zone, in the Red Willow and Hitchcock counties Special Protection Area, southwest Nebraska, 1993-95","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984138","usgsCitation":"Steele, G.V., 1998, Nitrate and other water-quality characteristics, and nitrogen in the unsaturated zone, in the Red Willow and Hitchcock counties Special Protection Area, southwest Nebraska, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4138, ix, 71 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984138.","productDescription":"ix, 71 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95808,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4138/report.pdf","size":"7386","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4138/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69742f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, G. V.","contributorId":62543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6740,"text":"fs07996 - 1998 - Water in Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:53","indexId":"fs07996","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"079-96","title":"Water in Mississippi","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs07996","usgsCitation":"O'Hara, C., and Dennis, H.S., 1998, Water in Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 079-96, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07996.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_079_96.jpg"},{"id":770,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/water_fs/wateruse.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Hara, Charles G.","contributorId":83911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennis, H. Scott","contributorId":52172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennis","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25529,"text":"wri984102 - 1998 - Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T14:21:31","indexId":"wri984102","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4102","title":"Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The 20-square-mile Winchester structural subbasin is an alluvium-filled paleocanyon that is as much as 900 feet deep. The alluvial aquifer is composed of detrital material that generally ranges in size from clay to fine gravel; the fine and coarse materials are mixed in some places and inter- bedded in others. The apparent lenticularity of fine- and coarse-grained materials and differing water quality with depth indicate that the aquifer is partly or locally confined.\nA ground-water divide exists east of the town of Winchester. West of the divide, ground water moves toward and into the South Perris and the Menifee subbasins. East of the divide, ground water moves toward and into the Hemet subbasin. The components of flow direction in the Winchester?Hemet subbasins border area are complex: along the border, some water moves from the southwest corner of the Hemet subbasin into the Winchester subbasin and then eastward subparallel to the border before moving back into the Hemet subbasin. The direction of ground-water movement between the Winchester and Hemet subbasins, and the position of the ground-water divide in the central part of the Winchester subbasin, have changed with time. Prior to about 1974, ground water moved both eastward from the divide and westward from the Hemet subbasin toward a local depression of the water table caused by pumping in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin.\nComparison of spring 1970 and spring 1993 ground-water levels indicates a net rise of as much as 150 feet in the east end of the Winchester subbasin. For this same period, water levels rose about 3 to 20 feet in the western and central parts of the subbasin.\nGround-water chemistry in the Winchester subbasin and adjacent subbasins varies areally and vertically. In general, sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate are dominant ions. Water quality is generally poor: dissolved-solids concentration exceeded 2,000 milligrams per liter throughout much of the subbasin and was highest west of the town of Winchester. Eastward along the subbasin axis (toward the Hemet subbasin), the dissolved-solids concentration decreases and the pH increases (generally greater than 7.0). Samples from two multiple-well monitoring sites at the west and east ends of the subbasin indicate that the best quality water (dissolved-solids concentrations of 395 and 483 milligrams per liter) is from the deepest wells (perforated near the alluvium- bedrock contact). Samples from the deeper wells in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin are similar in water type to a sample from a well in the western part of the Hemet subbasin, which suggests that the water may have flowed from the Hemet subbasin; alternatively, the chemistry may reflect the influence of good-quality water flowing from the fractured bedrock basement to the alluvium in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin. In addition, the potential problem of poor-quality water moving from the Winchester subbasin into the Hemet subbasin may not exist at all depths; fair- to good-quality water may be present below a depth of about 450 feet.\nDissolved-solids concentrations in the southwest part of the Hemet subbasin ranged from about 900 milligrams per liter at well 5S/1W-19Q1 about one-quarter mile north of the Winchester?Hemet subbasin boundary to about 3,500 milligrams per liter at well 5S/2W-24C2 near the bedrock outcrops southeast of the Lakeview Mountains. High dissolved-solids concentration in the vicinity of well 5S/2W-24C2 most likely is a result of dissolution of constituents from the aquifer matrix, evaporative processes, and agricultural practices that occur in that vicinity rather than a result of flow from the Winchester subbasin.\nAquifer-test results indicate that the transmissivity is about 950 feet squared per day in the eastern part of the Winchester subbasin near the boundary with the Hemet subbasin and about 72 feet squared per day in the western part of the subbasin near the boundary with th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri984102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Eastern Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Kaehler, C.A., Burton, C., Rees, T.F., and Christensen, A.H., 1998, Geohydrology of the Winchester Subbasin, Riverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4102, vi, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984102.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287520,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4102/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, Zone 11","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","city":"Winchester","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,33.5 ], [ -117.25,34.0 ], [ -116.75,34.0 ], [ -116.75,33.5 ], [ -117.25,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaehler, Charles A. ckaehler@usgs.gov","contributorId":210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaehler","given":"Charles","email":"ckaehler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Carmen A. 0000-0002-6381-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-8833","contributorId":41793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Carmen A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rees, Terry F.","contributorId":9688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Allen H. 0000-0002-7061-5591 ahchrist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-5591","contributorId":1510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Allen","email":"ahchrist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22860,"text":"ofr98590 - 1998 - Archive of sidescan-sonar and DGPS navigation field data collected on USGS Cruise ALPH98013, September 10-23, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-23T21:11:02.4657","indexId":"ofr98590","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-590","title":"Archive of sidescan-sonar and DGPS navigation field data collected on USGS Cruise ALPH98013, September 10-23, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98590","usgsCitation":"Denny, J.F., Schwab, W.C., Danforth, W.W., O’Brien, T., Foster, D., Nichols, D., and Irwin, B., 1998, Archive of sidescan-sonar and DGPS navigation field data collected on USGS Cruise ALPH98013, September 10-23, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-590, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98590.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155005,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":405501,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23508.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":259677,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/publications/of98-590/disk6/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.033,\n              40.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.217,\n              40.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.217,\n              40.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.033,\n              40.583\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.033,\n              40.167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denny, J. F.","contributorId":13653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, W. W.","contributorId":16386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Brien, T.F.","contributorId":86309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, D.S.","contributorId":30641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, D.R.","contributorId":42979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Irwin, B.J.","contributorId":105684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":27278,"text":"wri984083 - 1998 - Surface-water and suspended-sediment inflow and outflow for Nutria Reservoir No. 3, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico, March 1994 to September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T19:47:04.189886","indexId":"wri984083","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4083","title":"Surface-water and suspended-sediment inflow and outflow for Nutria Reservoir No. 3, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico, March 1994 to September 1995","docAbstract":"Surface-water and suspended-sediment inflow to and outflow from Nutria   \r\nReservoir No. 3 on the Zuni Indian Reservation, western New Mexico, \r\nwere calculated. The period of study was March 3, 1994, to September \r\n30, 1995. Total runoff into Nutria Reservoir No. 3 during the study \r\nperiod was 6,812 acre-feet. \r\n\r\n     During the study period, 24,310 tons of suspended sediment was transported \r\ninto Nutria Reservoir No. 3, and 259 tons of suspended sediment was \r\ntransported out of Nutria Reservoir No. 3. Runoff during the study period, \r\nrecorded at an upstream gage with 25 years of record, was 137 percent \r\nhigher than that for a 19-month period similar to the study period. This\r\nmay indicate that suspended-sediment loads transported into Nutria \r\nReservoir No. 3 also were larger than average. Based on the difference \r\nbetween inflow and outflow of suspended sediment, 24,050 tons of suspended \r\nsediment was deposited in Nutria Reservoir No. 3. From March 1994 to May \r\n1994 the spillway elevation of Nutria Reservoir No. 3 was raised to allow \r\nwater to be diverted into an adjacent reservoir, Nutria Reservoir No. 4. \r\nThis flow and sediment transported into Nutria Reservoir No. 4 were not \r\nrecorded. If the elevation of the spillway had not been raised, suspended- \r\nsediment loads recorded downstream from Nutria Reservoir No. 3 would have \r\nbeen larger and the calculated amount of sediment deposited in Nutria \r\nReservoir would have been smaller.\r\n\r\n     Of the total suspended-sediment load entering Nutria Reservoir No. 3 \r\nduring the study period, 94 percent was transported by an arroyo, Garcia \r\nDraw. Garcia Draw drains only 15 percent of the total drainage area of \r\nNutria Reservoir No. 3 and contributed less than 5 percent of the total \r\nsurface runoff to the reservoir.\r\n\r\n     The average annual amount of sediment deposited in Nutria Reservoir \r\nNo. 3 during the study was 15,355 tons. By using a dry-weight density of \r\n99.4 pounds per cubic foot for the deposited sediment, the annual volume \r\nof sediment deposited in Nutria Reservoir No. 3 is 7.09 acre-feet per \r\nyear. This number is smaller than the previously reported sedimentation \r\nrate of 15.0 acre-feet per year obtained from past surveys. The capacity\r\nof Nutria Reservoir No. 3 in 1993 was 191 acre-feet. By using the calculated \r\naverage sedimentation rate of 7.09 acre-feet per year, Nutria Reservoir\r\nNo. 3 could be completely filled approximately 27 years after the 1993 \r\nsurvey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984083","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., 1998, Surface-water and suspended-sediment inflow and outflow for Nutria Reservoir No. 3, Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico, March 1994 to September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4083, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984083.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158880,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4083/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95630,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4083/report.pdf","size":"1598","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395717,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48960.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Nutria Reservoir No. 3, Zuni Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.6431,\n              35.2139\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5383,\n              35.2139\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.5383,\n              35.295\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.6431,\n              35.295\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.6431,\n              35.2139\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd456","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gellis, A. C.","contributorId":99590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28818,"text":"wri984089 - 1998 - Effects of hydrologic, biological, and environmental processes on sources and concentrations of fecal bacteria in the Cuyahoga River, with implications for management of recreational waters in Summit and Cuyahoga Counties, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T10:26:55","indexId":"wri984089","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4089","title":"Effects of hydrologic, biological, and environmental processes on sources and concentrations of fecal bacteria in the Cuyahoga River, with implications for management of recreational waters in Summit and Cuyahoga Counties, Ohio","docAbstract":"<p>Discharges of fecal bacteria (fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli ) to the middle main stem of the Cuyahoga River from storm water, combined sewers, and incompletely disinfected wastewater have resulted in frequent exceedances of bacteriological water-quality standards in a 23-mile reach of the river that flows through the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area. Contamination of the middle main stem of the Cuyahoga River by bacteria of fecal origin and subsequent transport to downstream areas where water-contact recreation is an important use of the river are a concern because of the potential public-health risk from the presence of enteric pathogens. </p><p>Independent field investigations of bacterial decay, dilution, dispersion, transport, and sources, and bacterial contamination of streambed sediments, were completed in 1991-93 during periods of rainfall and runoff. The highest concentration of fecal coliform bacteria observed in the middle main stem during three transport studies exceeded the single-sample fecal coliform standard applicable to primary-contact recreation by a factor of approximately 1,300 and exceeded the Escherichia coli standard by a factor of approximately 8,000. The geometric-mean concentrations of fecal bacteria in the middle main stem were 6.7 to 12.3 times higher than geometric-mean concentrations in the monitored tributaries, and 1.8 to 7.0 times larger than the geometric-mean concentrations discharged from the Akron Water Pollution Control Station. </p><p>Decay rates of fecal bacteria measured in field studies in 1992 ranged from 0.0018 per hour to 0.0372 per hour for fecal coliform bacteria and from 0.0022 per hour to 0.0407 per hour for Escherichia coli. Most of the decay rates measured in June and August were significantly higher than decay rates measured in April and October. Results of field studies demonstrated that concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria were 1.2 to 58 times higher in streambed sediments than in the overlying water. Sediments are likely to be a relatively less important source of fecal bacteria during rainfall and runoff in the middle main stem relative to bacterial loading from point sources. </p><p>Numerical streamflow and transport simulation models were calibrated and verified with data collected during field studies. Of the constituents modeled, bacteria exhibited the poorest correspondence between observed and simulated values. The simulation results for a dye tracer indicated that the model reasonably reproduced the timing of dissolved constituents as well as dilution and dispersion effects. Calibrated and verified models for 1991 and 1992 data sets were used to simulate the improvements to bacteriological water quality that might result from reductions in concentrations of fecal bacteria discharged from two major sources. </p><p>The model simulation resulting in the greatest improvement in bacteriological water-quality was one in which concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli were reduced by 90 percent in the Cuyahoga River at the Old Portage gaging station, and to geometric-mean bathing-water standards in the effluent of the Akron Water Pollution Control Station (BWS/90 scenario). Compared to the results of the base-simulation, when the BWS/90 scenario was applied in the 1991 model simulation, Escherichia coli concentrations were reduced 98.5 percent at Botzum, 97.5 percent at Jaite, and 91.1 percent at Independence. For 1992 model simulations, similar percent reductions in the concentrations of Escherichia coli were predicted at the three stream sites when the same reductions were applied to sources. None of the model simulations resulted in attainment of bacteriological water-quality standards.</p><p>The potential benefits of source reductions to human health and recreational uses were estimated by comparing the number of illnesses per 1,000 people from concentrations of Escherichia coli associated with the BWS/90 simulation, with the base simulation, and with the geometric-mean standard for Escherichia coli. The predicted 22 to 26 illnesses per 1,000 people predicted by the E. coli concentrations resulting from BWS/90 simulation are 2.8 to 3.3 times higher than the 8 illnesses per 1,000 people associated with the geometric-mean primary-contact water-quality standard for Escherichia coli. Risks associated with the base simulation are 4.6 to 4.9 times higher than that associated with the geometric-mean primary- contact water-quality standard for Escherichia coli. The illness risks predicted from the BWS/90 scenario, although larger than acceptable, would nevertheless be an improvement over conditions that were encountered during field studies in 1991-93.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Columbus, OH","doi":"10.3133/wri984089","usgsCitation":"Myers, D.N., Koltun, G., and Francy, D.S., 1998, Effects of hydrologic, biological, and environmental processes on sources and concentrations of fecal bacteria in the Cuyahoga River, with implications for management of recreational waters in Summit and Cuyahoga Counties, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4089, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984089.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330804,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Cuyahoga County, Summit County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-81.3908,41.57],[-81.391,41.4452],[-81.3756,41.4455],[-81.3746,41.4337],[-81.3747,41.4247],[-81.3919,41.4248],[-81.3914,41.4144],[-81.3915,41.4116],[-81.3919,41.3485],[-81.392,41.3413],[-81.3918,41.1983],[-81.3932,41.0663],[-81.3932,40.9887],[-81.4164,40.9889],[-81.4201,40.9064],[-81.648,40.9145],[-81.6477,40.9884],[-81.6885,40.9887],[-81.6845,41.2772],[-81.7848,41.2765],[-81.8777,41.2747],[-81.877,41.3505],[-81.9713,41.3513],[-81.9697,41.4784],[-81.9683,41.5047],[-81.9591,41.5006],[-81.9469,41.496],[-81.9395,41.4946],[-81.9316,41.4923],[-81.9144,41.4895],[-81.8807,41.4862],[-81.8709,41.4857],[-81.863,41.4861],[-81.8501,41.4869],[-81.8427,41.4901],[-81.8354,41.49],[-81.8249,41.4936],[-81.8145,41.4954],[-81.7985,41.4976],[-81.7911,41.4966],[-81.7807,41.4952],[-81.7685,41.4924],[-81.7489,41.4887],[-81.7391,41.4913],[-81.7385,41.4913],[-81.7243,41.4967],[-81.7163,41.4998],[-81.7101,41.5052],[-81.7033,41.5079],[-81.6953,41.5124],[-81.6879,41.5164],[-81.6824,41.5196],[-81.6743,41.5223],[-81.6676,41.5249],[-81.6602,41.5281],[-81.6521,41.5325],[-81.6348,41.5433],[-81.6212,41.5514],[-81.6151,41.5536],[-81.6076,41.5595],[-81.6027,41.5631],[-81.5959,41.5676],[-81.5891,41.5716],[-81.5841,41.5756],[-81.5705,41.5837],[-81.563,41.5891],[-81.5581,41.5936],[-81.5512,41.599],[-81.5432,41.6044],[-81.5364,41.6094],[-81.5314,41.6143],[-81.5234,41.617],[-81.5129,41.6205],[-81.5017,41.625],[-81.4919,41.6294],[-81.4888,41.6317],[-81.4878,41.5699],[-81.3908,41.57]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cuyahoga\",\"state\":\"OH\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611ef1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Donna N. 0000-0001-6359-2865 dnmyers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-2865","contributorId":512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Donna","email":"dnmyers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Francy, Donna S. 0000-0001-9229-3557 dsfrancy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557","contributorId":1853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francy","given":"Donna","email":"dsfrancy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28734,"text":"wri974210 - 1998 - Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in a deltaic sand-and-gravel aquifer, Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, southwestern New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri974210","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4210","title":"Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in a deltaic sand-and-gravel aquifer, Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, southwestern New York","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974210","usgsCitation":"Miller, T.S., 1998, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in a deltaic sand-and-gravel aquifer, Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, southwestern New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4210, iv, 26 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974210.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57564,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6253c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Todd S.","contributorId":85623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25785,"text":"wri984073 - 1998 - Strontium distribution coefficients of surficial and sedimentary interbed samples from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri984073","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4073","title":"Strontium distribution coefficients of surficial and sedimentary interbed samples from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984073","usgsCitation":"Liszewski, M.J., Rosentreter, Miller, K., and Bartholomay, R.C., 1998, Strontium distribution coefficients of surficial and sedimentary interbed samples from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4073, iv, 55 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984073.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95560,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4073/report.pdf","size":"3337","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4073/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4b51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liszewski, M. J.","contributorId":107308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liszewski","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosentreter","contributorId":128027,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Rosentreter","id":529220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Karl E.","contributorId":20280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Karl E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":27938,"text":"wri984084 - 1998 - Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-13T21:16:52.297989","indexId":"wri984084","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4084","title":"Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997","docAbstract":"The Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers are secondary sources of water for local use in southern and northeastern Arkansas, where in 1995 more than 51 million gallons per day of water was withdrawn. During October 1996 to July 1997, water levels in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers were measured in 104 wells in Arkansas. The potentiometric surface data reveal spatial trends in both aquifers across the study areas.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow of the Cockfield aquifer is generally southeastward, away from the outcrop area, except where affected by intense ground-water withdrawals. The potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has altered or reversed the natural direction of flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward centers of pumping within cones of depression. A cone of depression caused by the pumpage near Greenville, Mississippi, extends into Chicot, Desha, and Drew Counties. This cone of depression has altered flow patternArkansas. Long-term hydrographs of six wells, during the period 1971-1996, showed water levels declined at an average rate between 0.5 and 1.0 foot per year at these locations.\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow in the Wilcox aquifers is generally toward the east and south, away from the outcrop except where water levels are affected by intense ground-water withdrawals. The potentiometric surface indicates that heavy pumpage has altered or reversed the natural direction of ground-water flow in some areas. Flow in these areas is toward centers of pumping within cones of depression. Two cones of depression are centered in the vicinity of Paragould and West Memphis, Arkansas, where ground-water withdrawals have altered the natural direction of flow. Long-term hydrographs of seven wells, during the period 1971- 1996, show water-level declines in the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas generally were between 0.5 and 1.0 foot per year but were more than 1.0 foot per year in two wells.\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission and the Arkansas Geological Commission has monitored water levels in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers since the 1960's. During October 1996 to July 1997, 53 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Cockfield aquifer, 13 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer in southern Arkansas, and 38 water-level measurements were made in wells com- pleted in the Wilcox aquifer in northeastern Arkansas. The purpose of these measurements was to provide information to describe the recent potentiometric surfaces and long-term water-level trends in the Cockfield and Wilcox aquifers. This report presents the results as potentiometric surface maps and as long-term water-level hydrographs.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984084","usgsCitation":"Joseph, R.L., 1998, Potentiometric surface of the Cockfield aquifer in southeastern Arkansas and the Wilcox aquifers in southern and northeastern Arkansas, October 1996-July 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4084, Report; iii, 19 p.; 3 Plates: 24.50 × 16.92 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984084.","productDescription":"Report; iii, 19 p.; 3 Plates: 24.50 × 16.92 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394343,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42942.htm"},{"id":158726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95680,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-2.pdf","size":"1040","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95681,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-3.pdf","size":"1340","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95679,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/plate-1.pdf","size":"2402","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":95678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4084/report.pdf","size":"2210","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Cockfield aquifer, Wilcox aquifers","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.75,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.643,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.643,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.75,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.75,\n              33\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Joseph, Robert L. rljoseph@usgs.gov","contributorId":3482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joseph","given":"Robert","email":"rljoseph@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28137,"text":"wri984090 - 1998 - Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1997 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri984090","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4090","title":"Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1997 balance year","docAbstract":"Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice melt were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington to determine the winter and net balances for the 1997 balance year. The 1997 winter balance, averaged over the glacier, was 3.71 meters, and the net balance was 0.63 meter. The winter balance was the greatest since 1972 (4.27 meters), and the second largest since the record began in 1959. The net balance, which was positive for the second year in a row, was 1.57 meters greater than the 1977-96 average (-0.94 meter). Runoff was measured from the glacier and an adjacent non-glacierized basin. Air temperature and precipitation were measured nearby. This report makes these data available to the glaciological and climatological community.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services, distributor,","doi":"10.3133/wri984090","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1998, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1997 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4090, v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984090.","productDescription":"v, 30 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95700,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4090/report.pdf","size":"4533","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158631,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4090/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd0d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27990,"text":"wri984087 - 1998 - Hydrology, water quality, and nutrient loads to the Bauman Park Lake, Cherry Valley, Winnebago County, Illinois, May 1996–April 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-01T16:05:08.595465","indexId":"wri984087","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4087","displayTitle":"Hydrology, Water Quality, and Nutrient Loads to the Bauman Park Lake, Cherry Valley, Winnebago County, Illinois, May 1996–April 1997","title":"Hydrology, water quality, and nutrient loads to the Bauman Park Lake, Cherry Valley, Winnebago County, Illinois, May 1996–April 1997","docAbstract":"<p>The Bauman Park Lake occupies a former sand and gravel quarry in the Village of Cherry Valley, Illinois. The lake is eutrophic, and nuisance growths of algae and aquatic macrophytes are supported by nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) that are derived primarily from ground-water inflow, the main source of water for the lake. The lake has an average depth of about 18 feet, a maximum depth of about 28 feet, and a volume of 466 acre-feet at a stage of about 717 feet above sea level. The lake also is subject to thermal stratification, and although most of the lake is well oxidized, nearly anoxic conditions were present at the lake bottom during part of the summer of 1996.</p><p>About 734 pounds phosphorus and 4,575 pounds of nitrogen compounds were added to the Bauman Park Lake from May 1996 through April 1997. Phosphorus compounds were derived primarily from inflow from ground water (68.7 percent), sediments derived from shoreline erosion (15.6 percent), internal regeneration (11.7 percent), waterfowl excrement (1.6 percent), direct precipitation and overland runoff (1.2 percent), and particulate matter deposited from the atmosphere (1.2 percent). Nitrogen compounds were derived from inflow from ground water (62.1 percent), internal regeneration (19.6 percent), direct precipitation and overland runoff (10.1 percent), particulate matter deposited from the atmosphere (3.5 percent), sediments derived from shoreline erosion (4.4 percent), and waterfowl excrement (0.3 percent). About 13 pounds of phosphorus and 318 pounds of nitrogen compounds flow out of the lake to ground water. About 28 pounds of nitrogen is removed by denitrification. </p><p>Algae and aquatic macrophytes utilize nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and dissolved phosphorus. The availability of dissolved phosphorus in the lake water controls algal growth. Uptake of the nutrients, by aquatic macrophytes and algae, temporarily removes nutrients from the water column but not from the lake basin. Because the amount of nutrients entering the lake greatly exceeds the amount leaving, the nutrients are concentrated in the sediments at the lake bottom, where they can be used by the rooted aquatic macrophytes and released to the water column when the proper geochemical conditions are present.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Village of Cherry Valley","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., and Trugestaad, A., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and nutrient loads to the Bauman Park Lake, Cherry Valley, Winnebago County, Illinois, May 1996–April 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4087, vi, 61 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984087.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. ","numberOfPages":"65","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4087/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2232,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4087/wrir984087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"816 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 98–4087"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Bauman Park Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.97140502929688,\n              42.22089028771468\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.94359588623047,\n              42.22089028771468\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.94359588623047,\n              42.23674720056008\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.97140502929688,\n              42.23674720056008\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.97140502929688,\n              42.22089028771468\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/cm-water\">Central Midwest Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>405 North Goodwin<br>Urbana, IL 61801</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Physical Setting of Bauman Park Lake</li><li>Hydrology</li><li>Water Quality</li><li>Nutrient Loads</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1:&nbsp; Calculated Hydraulic Parameters in the Sand and Gravel Aquifer Along Lines of Flow Transect <br>in the Vicinity of the Bauman Park Lake, Cherry Valley, Ill., May 11, 1996–April 30, 1997</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc6d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trugestaad, Aaron","contributorId":21999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trugestaad","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28845,"text":"wri984088 - 1998 - Estimate of aquifer properties by numerically simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions, Fort Wainwright, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T20:13:38.455276","indexId":"wri984088","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4088","title":"Estimate of aquifer properties by numerically simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions, Fort Wainwright, Alaska","docAbstract":"MODFLOW, a finite-difference model of ground-water flow, was used to simulate the flow of water between the aquifer and the Chena River at Fort Wainwright, Alaska. The model was calibrated by comparing simulated ground-water hydrographs to those recorded in wells during periods of fluctuating river levels. The best fit between simulated and observed hydrographs occurred for the following: 20 feet per day for vertical hydraulic conductivity, 400 feet per day for horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 1:20 for anisotropy (vertical to horizontal hydraulic conductivity), and 350 per feet for riverbed conductance. These values include a 30 percent adjustment for geometry effects. The estimated values for hydraulic conductivities of the alluvium are based on assumed values of 0.25 for specific yield and 0.000001 per foot for specific storage of the alluvium; the values assumed for bedrock are 0.1 foot per day horizontal hydraulic conductivity, 0.005 foot per day vertical hydraulic conductivity, and 0.0000001 per foot for specific storage. The resulting diffusivity for the alluvial aquifer is 1,600 feet per day. The estimated values of these hydraulic properties are nearly proportional to the assumed value of specific yield. These values were not found to be sensitive to the assumed values for bedrock. The hydrologic parameters estimated using the cross-sectional model are only valid when taken in context with the other values (both estimated and assumed) used in this study. The model simulates horizontal and vertical flow directions near the river during periods of varying river stage. This information is useful for interpreting bank-storage effects, including the flow of contaminants in the aquifer near the river.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984088","usgsCitation":"Nakanishi, A.S., and Lilly, M.R., 1998, Estimate of aquifer properties by numerically simulating ground-water/surface-water interactions, Fort Wainwright, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4088, iv, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984088.","productDescription":"iv, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411659,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48962.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Fort Wainwright","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.6667,\n              64.8558\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.6667,\n              64.8144\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5667,\n              64.8144\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.5667,\n              64.8558\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.6667,\n              64.8558\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakanishi, Allen S.","contributorId":70022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakanishi","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, Michael R.","contributorId":65494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26134,"text":"wri984082 - 1998 - Steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the Rush Springs Aquifer, western Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri984082","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4082","title":"Steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the Rush Springs Aquifer, western Oklahoma","docAbstract":"A simplified steady-state ground-water flow model was prepared for the Rush Springs aquifer in western Oklahoma. A 3-kilometer square grid was established over the area containing two layers with 674 active nodes simulated in the model. The steady-state model simulation used a mean recharge rate of 3.05 x 10-4 feet per day and a hydraulic conductivity range from 0.8 to 10 feet per day. The error at each node in the model is defined as the difference between the measured and simulated water levels.The arithmetic mean error for 170 of the 674 active nodes was -0.11 feet, the absolute value mean error was 7.55 feet, and the standard deviation of the error was 10.21 feet. A net simulated recharge of 231 cubic feet per second is balanced by a discharge to drains and seeps of 190.6 cubic feet per second about 82 percent of the total recharge. Discharge to the main stem of the Washita River is about 41 cubic feet per second about 18 percent of the recharge.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984082","usgsCitation":"Becker, M., 1998, Steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the Rush Springs Aquifer, western Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4082, iii, 74 p., [14] p. :maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 88 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984082.","productDescription":"iii, 74 p., [14] p. :maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 88 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95586,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4082/report.pdf","size":"5917","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4082/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, M.F.","contributorId":103708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25698,"text":"wri984104 - 1998 - Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of New York State in relation to land use - 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T19:11:21.549918","indexId":"wri984104","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4104","title":"Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of New York State in relation to land use - 1997","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984104","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Wall, G.R., Eckhardt, D., Freehafer, D., and Rosenmann, L., 1998, Pesticide concentrations in surface waters of New York State in relation to land use - 1997: U.S. 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68837c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eckhardt, D. A.","contributorId":99591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freehafer, D. A.","contributorId":58827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freehafer","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rosenmann, Larry","contributorId":11655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenmann","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":29659,"text":"wri984076 - 1998 - Evaluation of hydrologic data collected at the North Penn Area 12 Superfund Site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-13T09:00:50","indexId":"wri984076","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4076","title":"Evaluation of hydrologic data collected at the North Penn Area 12 Superfund Site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The North Penn Area 12 Superfund Site is underlain by the Lockatong Formation, which consists of interbedded gray to black siltstone and shale. The beds of the Lockatong Formation strike northeast and dip about 10d to 20d to the northwest in the vicinity of the site. Ground water moves through fractures that are nearly vertical and horizontal in the shale and siltstone. Permeability and storage are very low.\r\n\r\n     Borehole-geophysical logs were obtained from eight wells to determine the location of fractures, water-producing and water-receiving intervals, and intervals of borehole flow. The logs also were used to quantify fluid movement in the borehole, to characterize the lithology, and to obtain data on well construction. The logs indicate fractures at depths less than 100 feet are more frequent and generally are more productive than fractures at depths greater than 100 feet. The fluid resistivity of water in shallow intervals usually was greater than that in deeper intervals. The rate and direction of fluid movement under nonpumping conditions differs in the boreholes logged. In the northwest part of the site, no vertical flow was detected in three wells and very small amounts of flow were measured in two wells. In the southwest part of the site, downward flow was measured in two wells. \r\n\r\n      Aquifer-isolation tests in three wells provided information on hydraulic heads and specific capacities in discrete vertical intervals and allowed collection of water samples form discrete water-bearing intervals.\r\n\r\n     Natural annual fluctuations of water levels in 11 wells ranged form 11.4 to 28.3 feet. Seven of the 11 wells gave very similar water-level hydrographs. The four southernmost wells on the site show rises in water levels after precipitation much sooner than the other seven wells. Two other wells show daily fluctuations caused by pumping. A potentiometric-surface map of the site and vicinity was prepared from water-level measurements made in late July 1995. The map can be used to determine the approximate direction of ground-water flow.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984076","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., Grazul, K.E., and Wood, C.R., 1998, Evaluation of hydrologic data collected at the North Penn Area 12 Superfund Site, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4076, vi, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984076.","productDescription":"vi, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4076.bmp"},{"id":95775,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4076/plate-1.pdf","size":"1229","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":14549,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grazul, Kevin E.","contributorId":97950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazul","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Charles R.","contributorId":30259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29616,"text":"wri974136 - 1998 - Areas contributing ground water to the Peconic Estuary, and ground-water budgets for the north and south forks and Shelter Island, eastern Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri974136","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4136","title":"Areas contributing ground water to the Peconic Estuary, and ground-water budgets for the north and south forks and Shelter Island, eastern Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"The Peconic Estuary, at the eastern end of Long Island, has been plagued by a recurrent algal bloom, locally referred to as ?Brown Tide,? that has caused the severe decline of local marine resources. Although the factors that trigger Brown Tide blooms remain uncertain, groundwater discharge has previously been shown to affect surface-water quality in the western part of the estuary. A U.S. Geological Survey groundwater- flow model of the main body of Long Island indicates that a total of about 7.5 x 106 ft3/d (cubic feet per day) of freshwater discharges to the western part of the estuary, but the model does not include the ground-water flow systems on the North and South Forks and Shelter Island, which contribute significant amounts of freshwater to the central and eastern parts of the estuary. The need for information on freshwater discharge to the entire estuary prompted the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate ground-water discharge from the North and South Forks and Shelter Island. Source areas that contribute ground water to the Peconic Estuary were delineated, and groundwater budgets for these areas were developed, to evaluate the distribution and magnitude of ground-water discharge to the central and eastern parts of the estuary. Contributing-area boundaries that were delineated coincide with the hydraulic boundaries of the fresh ground-water-flow systems of the North and South Forks and Shelter Island; these boundaries are of two types? external (saltwater bodies) and internal (groundwater divides). Hydrologic components that were evaluated include recharge from precipitation, public-supply withdrawal and return flow, and agricultural withdrawal. Values for each of these components were calculated or estimated for the individual freshwater flow subsystems that form each ground-water-budget area, then summed to obtain the total discharge of fresh ground water to tidewater. Ground-water discharge to the Peconic Estuary is about 3.8 x 106 ft3/d from the North Fork, 11 x 106 ft3/d from the South Fork, and 1.7 x 106 ft3/d from Shelter Island. The total contribution to the estuary from these areas is about 16 x 106 ft3/d?roughly twice the total contribution from the main body of Long Island. In contrast to the freshwater contribution from the main body of Long Island, which is concentrated near the head of the estuary, the contributions from the North and South Forks and Shelter Island are distributed along the east-west length of the estuary. Changes in water-table altitude and the resulting changes in total discharge to the Peconic Estuary were estimated from the relative changes in annual mean water level at observation wells. The 1985-95 interval included 7 years (1985-88, 1991- 92, 1995) of generally below-average water-table altitudes that presumably caused similar decreases in ground-water discharge to the estuary; intense Brown Tide blooms coincided with six of these years (1985-88, 1991, 1995), and localized blooms coincided with the remaining year (1992). Watertable altitudes in the remaining 4 years of the 1985-95 interval (1989-90, 1993-94) were nearly average or above average, and presumably produced comparably near-average or increased amounts of ground-water discharge to the estuary; none of these years saw any widespread Brown Tide blooms. Fluctuations in the amounts of ground-water discharge to the estuary appear to affect the occurrence of Brown Tide blooms, although the factors that trigger the blooms have not been determined.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974136","usgsCitation":"Schubert, C., 1998, Areas contributing ground water to the Peconic Estuary, and ground-water budgets for the north and south forks and Shelter Island, eastern Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4136, iv, 36 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974136.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4136/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58440,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schubert, C.E.","contributorId":87576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28074,"text":"wri984091 - 1998 - Transmissivity and water quality of water-producing zones in the intermediate aquifer system, Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri984091","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4091","title":"Transmissivity and water quality of water-producing zones in the intermediate aquifer system, Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"The intermediate aquifer system is an important water source in Sarasota County, Florida, because the quality of water in it is usually better than that in the underlying Upper Floridan aquifer. The intermediate aquifer system consists of a group of up to three water-producing zones separated by less-permeable units that restrict the vertical movement of ground water between zones. The diverse lithology, that makes up the intermediate aquifer system, reflects the variety of depositional environments that occurred during the late Oligocene and Miocene epochs. Slight changes in the depositional environment resulted in aquifer heterogeneity, creating both localized connection between water-producing zones and abrupt culmination of water-producing zones that are not well documented. Aquifer heterogeneity results in vertical and areal variability in hydraulic and water-quality properties.  The uppermost water-producing zone is designated producing zone 1 but is not extensively used because of its limited production capability and limited areal extent. The second water-producing zone is designated producing zone 2, and most of the domestic- and irrigation-supply wells in the area are open to this zone. Additionally, producing zone 2 is utilized for public supply in southern coastal areas of Sarasota County. Producing zone 3 is the lowermost and most productive water-producing zone in the intermediate aquifer system. Public-supply well fields serving the cities of Sarasota and Venice, as well as the Plantation and Mabry Carlton Reserve well fields, utilize producing zone 3. Heads within the intermediate aquifer system generally increase with aquifer depth. However, localized head-gradient reversals occur in the study area, coinciding with sites of intense ground-water withdrawals. Heads in producing zones 1, 2, and 3 range from 1 to 23, 0.2 to 34, and 7 to 42 feet above sea level, respectively. Generally, an upward head gradient exists between producing zones 3 and 2. However, an upward head gradient between producing zones 2 and 1 does not consistently occur throughout Sarasota County, probably the result of greater ground-water withdrawals from producing zone 2 than from producing zone 1. The transmissivity of the intermediate aquifer system is spatially variable. Specific-capacity data from selected wells penetrating producing zones 2 and 3, were used to estimate transmissivity. Estimated transmissivity values for producing zones 2 and 3 range from about 100 to 26,000 feet squared per day and from about 1,300 to 6,200 feet squared per day, respectively. Because the capacity of specific water-producing zones is highly variable from site to site, estimating the performance of a specific water-producing zone as a water resource is difficult. Water samples collected during the study were analyzed for major-ion concentrations. Generally, bicarbonate type water from rock interaction occurs in northern Sarasota County; enriched calcium-magnesium-sulfate type water from deeper aquifers occurs in central Sarasota County; and sodium-chloride type water from saltwater mixing occurs in southern Sarasota County. In some areas of northern Sarasota County, the major-ion concentrations in water are lower in producing zone 2 than in producing zone 1. Major-ion concentrations in water are higher in producing zone 3 throughout the study area. A major objective of the study was to evaluate hydraulic and water-quality data to determine distinctions that could be used to characterize a particular producing zone. However, data indicate that both hydraulic and water-quality properties are highly variable within and between zones, and are more related to the degree of connection between and areal extent of water-producing zones than to aquifer depth and distance from the coast. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984091","usgsCitation":"Knochenmus, L.A., and Bowman, G., 1998, Transmissivity and water quality of water-producing zones in the intermediate aquifer system, Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4091, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984091.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2137,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri984091","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knochenmus, L. A.","contributorId":60683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knochenmus","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowman, Geronia","contributorId":50890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"Geronia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28253,"text":"wri984099 - 1998 - Extreme precipitation depths for Texas, excluding the Trans-Pecos region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T13:18:18","indexId":"wri984099","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4099","title":"Extreme precipitation depths for Texas, excluding the Trans-Pecos region","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation, conducted a study of extreme precipitation depths for various durations and storm areas for Texas, excluding the Trans-Pecos region. The extreme precipitation depth is an estimate, from documented storms, of the largest precipitation depth expected to occur over a given area. The extreme precipitation depth exceeds the precipitation depth associated with recurrence intervals greater than 100 years.</p>\n<p>Storm durations of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days were investigated for this report. The extreme precipitation depth for a particular area is estimated from an &ldquo;extreme precipitation curve&rdquo; (an upper limit or envelope curve developed from graphs of extreme precipitation depths for each climatic region). The extreme precipitation curves were determined using precipitation depth-duration information from a subset (24 &ldquo;extreme&rdquo; storms) of 213 &ldquo;notable&rdquo; storms documented throughout Texas. The extreme precipitation curves can be used to estimate extreme precipitation depth for a particular area. The extreme precipitation depth represents a limiting depth, which can provide useful comparative information for more quantitative analyses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri984099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lanning-Rush, J., Asquith, W.H., and Slade, R.M., 1998, Extreme precipitation depths for Texas, excluding the Trans-Pecos region: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4099, iii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984099.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984099.JPG"},{"id":2343,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri984099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f89a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanning-Rush, Jennifer","contributorId":38981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanning-Rush","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, William H. 0000-0002-7400-1861 wasquith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-1861","contributorId":1007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"William","email":"wasquith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27719,"text":"wri984077 - 1998 - Geology, Ground-Water Occurrence, and Estimated Well Yields from the Mariana Limestone, Kagman Area, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri984077","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4077","title":"Geology, Ground-Water Occurrence, and Estimated Well Yields from the Mariana Limestone, Kagman Area, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands","docAbstract":"A study of the geology, ground-water occurrence, and estimated well yields from the Mariana Limestone was done to investigate ground-water availability in the Kagman area, Saipan. The Mariana and Tagpochau Limestone formations form the major aquifer in the Kagman drainage basin. The Mariana Limestone, which is the major water-bearing unit in the Kagman area, ranges in thickness from 300 to 500 feet and contains intermittent, thin clay stringers. The calcareous rocks of the Tagpochau Limestone range in thickness from 500 to 1,000 feet and are more sandy than those of the Mariana Limestone. Ground water is unconfined in the Mariana Limestone and ranges from unconfined to confined in the Tagpochau Limestone.\r\n\r\nThe fresh ground-water lens (that part of the lens with less than 2-percent of the chloride-ion concentration in seawater) in the Mariana Limestone is relatively thin, ranging from about 15 to 21 feet. Altitude of the water table ranges from about 1.5 to 2.5 feet above mean sea level. Freshwater in the Mariana Limestone is underlain by seawater and is separated by a transition zone about 8 to 25 feet thick. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity of the Mariana Limestone were calculated from data collected at six test wells. Using the Newman method, estimated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity range from 290 to 2,500 feet per day and 7,600 to 62,000 feet squared per day, respectively. The higher values probably are indicative of average conditions in the Mariana Limestone. The estimated storage coefficient of the Mariana Limestone is about 0.1.\r\n\r\nThe availability of water from the Mariana Limestone is restricted by the thinness of the freshwater lens. Results of the study indicate that fresh ground water can be obtained from the Mariana Limestone when wells are designed for minimum drawdown, effectively skimming freshwater from the top of the lens. Wells that are shallow, widely spaced, and pumped at low uniform rates can prevent saltwater intrusion. Calculated long-term yields of wells are about 30 gallons per minute or less for potable water.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri984077","usgsCitation":"Hoffmann, J.P., Carruth, R., and Meyer, W., 1998, Geology, Ground-Water Occurrence, and Estimated Well Yields from the Mariana Limestone, Kagman Area, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4077, iv, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984077.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95667,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4077/report.pdf","size":"10974","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158559,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4077/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffmann, John P. jphoffma@usgs.gov","contributorId":1337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffmann","given":"John","email":"jphoffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":198586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carruth, Rob 0000-0001-7008-2927 rlcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-2927","contributorId":1162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carruth","given":"Rob","email":"rlcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, William","contributorId":87538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28895,"text":"wri984079 - 1998 - Extent, magnitude, and sources of nitrate in the Flaxville and underlying aquifers, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri984079","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4079","title":"Extent, magnitude, and sources of nitrate in the Flaxville and underlying aquifers, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984079","usgsCitation":"Nimick, D., and Thamke, J., 1998, Extent, magnitude, and sources of nitrate in the Flaxville and underlying aquifers, Fort Peck Indian Reservation, northeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4079, iv, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984079.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4079/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57770,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4079/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimick, D. A.","contributorId":70399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimick","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thamke, J.N.","contributorId":77965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thamke","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26003,"text":"wri984095 - 1998 - Status of ground-water levels and storage in the Wichita well field area, south-central Kansas, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri984095","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4095","title":"Status of ground-water levels and storage in the Wichita well field area, south-central Kansas, 1997","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984095","usgsCitation":"Aucott, W.R., Myers, N.C., and Dague, B., 1998, Status of ground-water levels and storage in the Wichita well field area, south-central Kansas, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4095, iv, 15 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984095.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4095/report.pdf","size":"6129","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4095/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aucott, W. R.","contributorId":64288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, N. C.","contributorId":13622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dague, B.J.","contributorId":45723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dague","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29855,"text":"wri984101 - 1998 - Base (100-year) flood elevations for selected sites in Montgomery County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri984101","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4101","title":"Base (100-year) flood elevations for selected sites in Montgomery County, Missouri","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984101","usgsCitation":"Southard, R.E., 1998, Base (100-year) flood elevations for selected sites in Montgomery County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4101, iii, 17 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984101.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58666,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64951e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southard, R. E.","contributorId":49831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southard","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29038,"text":"wri984100 - 1998 - Characteristics of extreme storms in Montana and methods for constructing synthetic storm hyetographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri984100","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4100","title":"Characteristics of extreme storms in Montana and methods for constructing synthetic storm hyetographs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984100","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., 1998, Characteristics of extreme storms in Montana and methods for constructing synthetic storm hyetographs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4100, vii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984100.","productDescription":"vii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95741,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4100/report.pdf","size":"5133","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4100/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e519e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29362,"text":"wri984105 - 1998 - Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:08:11","indexId":"wri984105","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4105","title":"Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon, 1996","docAbstract":"<p>In September 1996, a water-quality study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in coordination with the U.S. Forest Service, in headwater streams of Steamboat Creek, a tributary to the North Umpqua River Basin in southwestern Oregon. Field measurements were made in and surface-water and bottom-sediment samples were collected from three tributaries of Steamboat Creek--Singe Creek, City Creek, and Horse Heaven Creek--and at one site in Steamboat Creek upstream from where the three tributaries flow into Steamboat Creek.</p>\n<p>Water samples collected in Singe Creek had larger concentrations of most major-ion constituents and smaller concentrations of most nutrient constituents than was observed in the other three creeks. City Creek, Horse Heaven Creek, and Steamboat Creek had primarily calcium bicarbonate water, whereas Singe Creek had primarily a calcium sulfate water; the calcium sulfate water detected in Singe Creek, along with the smallest observed alkalinity and pH values, suggests that Singe Creek may be receiving naturally occurring acidic water.</p>\n<p>Of the 18 trace elements analyzed in filtered water samples, only 6 were detected--aluminum, barium, cobalt, iron, manganese, and zinc. All six of the trace elements were detected in Singe Creek, at concentrations generally larger than those observed in the other three creeks. Of the detected trace elements, only iron and zinc have chronic toxicity criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the protection of aquatic life; none exceeded the USEPA criterion.</p>\n<p>Bottom-sediment concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, and organic carbon were largest in City Creek. In City Creek and Horse Heaven Creek, concentrations for 11 constituents--antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese (Horse Heaven Creek only), mercury, selenium, silver, zinc, and organic carbon (City Creek only)--exceeded concentrations considered to be enriched in streams of the nearby Willamette River Basin, whereas in Steamboat Creek only two trace elements--antimony and nickel--exceeded Willamette River enriched concentrations. Bottom-sediment concentrations for six of these constituents in City Creek and Horse Heaven Creek--arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc--also exceeded interim Canadian threshold effect level (TEL) concentrations established for the protection of aquatic life, whereas only four constituents between Singe Creek and Steamboat Creek--arsenic, chromium, copper (Singe Creek only), and nickel--exceeded the TEL concentrations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri984105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County and U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F., 1998, Major-ion, nutrient, and trace-element concentrations in the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4105, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984105.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4105/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"260.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":311659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4105/report-thumb.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"North Umpqua River, Steamboat Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.51104736328125,\n              43.17914423586491\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.51104736328125,\n              43.830564195198264\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              43.830564195198264\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82714843749999,\n              43.17914423586491\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.51104736328125,\n              43.17914423586491\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649d97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29173,"text":"wri984080 - 1998 - Documentation of UCODE; a computer code for universal inverse modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri984080","displayToPublicDate":"2000-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4080","title":"Documentation of UCODE; a computer code for universal inverse modeling","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984080","usgsCitation":"Poeter, E.P., and Hill, M.C., 1998, Documentation of UCODE; a computer code for universal inverse modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4080, vi, 116 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984080.","productDescription":"vi, 116 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2345,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri984080","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":95749,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4080/report.pdf","size":"7409","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4080/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d783","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}