The Great Basin of the western United States, the northern component of the Basin and Range Province, is a region of Cenozoic lithospheric extension with multiple periods and types of igneous activity. The composition and volume of Cenozoic magmas reflect a complex interaction between mantle-derived magmas and highly diverse crust, where both mantle sources and magmatic processes were modulated by tectonic environment. The Fish Creek Mountains in north-central Nevada underwent multiple igneous events ranging from ca. 40 Ma to 1 Ma that span all of the complex Cenozoic tectono-magmatic episodes of the Great Basin. The Fish Creek Mountains, therefore, is an ideal location to evaluate the different sources and processes involved in magma generation. Many plutons were emplaced in the region between about 40 and 38 Ma, several of which host base and precious metal deposits. Between 36 and 33 Ma, lava fields and calderas of the 37–19 Ma Ignimbrite Flare-up were emplaced. Both these and the preceding plutons resulted from southwestward rollback of the Farallon plate beneath North America during by far the most voluminous phase of Cenozoic magmatism. The lavas range from rare basalt and basaltic andesite to andesite, dacite, and rhyolite, have continental arc-like incompatible element patterns, and high initial 87Sr/86Sr and low εNd that require a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source combined with minor crustal component. Ignimbrites of the 34.4 Ma Cove Mine (trachydacite to rhyolite) and 34.0 Ma Caetano calderas (rhyolite to high-silica rhyolite) are abundantly porphyritic, include hydrous phases, were largely derived from partial melts of crustal rocks, but likely include 20–30% of a mantle-derived component.
Igneous activity ceased in the region as the rollback-arc migrated to the southwest, but at 24.9 Ma a new caldera formed in the southern Fish Creek Mountains that was filled by ignimbrites of the Fish Creek Mountains Tuff. Intracaldera rhyolite ignimbrites range from aphyric, pumice-rich deposits at the base to progressively more quartz-feldspar phyric ignimbrites at higher levels; all flow units lack hydrous phases. No contemporaneous mafic or intermediate igneous activity accompanied caldera formation, but initial 87Sr/86Sr values in the Fish Creek Mountains tuffs are lower than in the Caetano Tuff, suggesting a greater mantle contribution to the 24.9 Ma ignimbrites.
After another hiatus in igneous activity, the region was intruded and overlain by basalt to rhyolite dykes and lavas of the northern Nevada rift between 16.8 and 15.1 Ma. The primarily tholeiitic igneous suite is of the same age, chemistry, and isotopic composition as the Grande Ronde Formation of the Columbia River flood basalts, and evolved members (trachydacite and rhyolite) are crustally contaminated. The youngest northern Nevada rift lava is an alkali olivine basalt with isotopic affinity to basalts of the eastern Snake River Plain.
After 10 Ma of quiescence, the region was locally covered by mafic lava flows with high-alumina olivine tholeiite compositions, represented by the 5.4 Ma Pumpernickel Valley flows. Their mid-ocean ridge-like incompatible element compositions indicate a depleted mantle source for the lavas, but radiogenic isotopic compositions indicate that the lavas of this region include a significant contribution from a mafic to ultramafic, high-87Sr/86Sr source.
The final igneous event in the Fish Creek Mountains region, the 4.0 to 1.0 Ma Buffalo Valley volcanic field, includes flows and spatter cones of transitional to alkalic basalt that are divided into two geochemical groups with identical isotopic compositions. They represent variable, low percent partial melts of the asthenosphere at different depths, yielding different rare earth element characteristics. Similar to the Lunar Crater volcanic field, the Buffalo Valley rocks represent a rare case where the lithosphere in the central Great Basin is now thin enough to allow melting of the underlying asthenosphere.
Cenozoic magmatism in the northern Great Basin exhibits several transitions in magma sources and tectonic setting with time. Magmatism began as pre-extension, subduction-related, primarily lithospherically-derived magmas emplaced on/in tectonically-thickened crust. The onset of extension was partially driven by impingement of the Yellowstone plume that resulted in emplacement of rift-related volcanic and intrusive rocks in the northern Nevada rift, followed by the eruption of extension-related HAOT lavas along the northwest margin of the Great Basin. Finally, lithospheric thinning allowed for partial melting of the asthenosphere and eruption of alkaline basaltic lavas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013","usgsCitation":"Cousens, B.L., Henry, C., Stevens, C., Varve, S., John, D.A., and Wetmore, S., 2019, Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA: Earth Science Reviews, v. 192, p. 403-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"444","ipdsId":"IP-106227","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Fish Creek Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.28016235329471\n ],\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.07291126292276\n ],\n [\n -117.18999422148758,\n 40.07291126292276\n ],\n [\n -117.18999422148758,\n 40.28016235329471\n ],\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.28016235329471\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cousens, Brian L. 0000-0002-9704-6974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-6974","contributorId":242801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Christopher","contributorId":334440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varve, Susan","contributorId":334441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varve","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wetmore, Stacey","contributorId":334442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"Stacey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70204108,"text":"70204108 - 2019 - Emerging investigator series: Atmospheric cycling of indium in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-05T16:44:46","indexId":"70204108","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-28T16:35:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1566,"text":"Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging investigator series: Atmospheric cycling of indium in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Indium is critical to the global economy and is used in an increasing number of electronics and new energy technologies. However, little is known about its environmental behavior or impacts, including its concentrations or cycling in the atmosphere. This study determined indium concentrations in air particulate matter at five locations across the northeastern United States over the course of one year, in 1995. Historical records from a Massachusetts bog core showed that indium atmospheric concentrations in this region changed only modestly between 1995 and 2010. Atmospheric indium concentrations varied significantly both geographically and temporally, with average concentrations in PM3 of 2.1 ± 1.6 pg m−3 (1 standard deviation), and average particle-normalized concentrations of 0.2 ± 0.2 μg In per g PM3. Peaks in the particle-normalized concentrations in two New York sites were correlated with wind direction; air coming from the north contributed higher concentrations of indium than air coming from the west. This correlation, along with measurements of indium in zinc smelter emissions and coal fly ash, suggests that indium in the atmosphere in the northeastern United States comes from a relatively constant low-level input from coal combustion in the midwest, and higher but more sporadic contributions from the smelting of lead, zinc, copper, tin, and nickel north of the New York sample sites. Understanding the industrial sources of indium to the atmosphere and how they compare with natural sources can lead to a better understanding of the impact of human activities on the indium cycle, and may help to establish a baseline for monitoring future impacts as indium use grows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c8em00485d","usgsCitation":"White, S.J., and Hemond, H.F., 2019, Emerging investigator series: Atmospheric cycling of indium in the northeastern United States: Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts, v. 21, no. 4, p. 623-634, https://doi.org/10.1039/c8em00485d.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"634","ipdsId":"IP-104440","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New York","city":"Boston, Brockport, Reading, Rochester, Thoreau's Bog","otherGeospatial":"Quabbin Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -77.18994140625,\n 42.89206418807337\n ],\n [\n -77.18994140625,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 43.389081939117496\n ],\n [\n -78.31054687499999,\n 42.89206418807337\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 42.049292638686836\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -72.4658203125,\n 42.049292638686836\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Sarah Jane 0000-0002-4055-8207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8207","contributorId":216796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemond, Harold F.","contributorId":34673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hemond","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202018,"text":"sim3424 - 2019 - Geology of the Hardeeville NW Quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland Quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T12:54:40","indexId":"sim3424","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-28T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3424","displayTitle":"Geology of the Hardeeville NW Quadrangle and Parts of the Brighton and Pineland Quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina","title":"Geology of the Hardeeville NW Quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland Quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"This publication portrays the geology of the Hardeeville NW quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland quadrangles that are within Jasper County, South Carolina. The study area is located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, approximately 50 to 70 kilometers (km) inland from the coast. The data are compiled from geological field mapping, light detection and ranging (lidar) elevation data, cores, optically stimulated luminescence ages, radiocarbon ages, and biostratigraphic interpretations. Most of the study area is occupied by the valley of the Savannah River, and exposures of geologic units are very limited. Traditional geologic mapping in this area is difficult because of limited access, subdued topography, extensive swamps, and abundant vegetation.
The Savannah River flows predominantly southeast, and forms most of the border between the States of South Carolina and Georgia. The river is approximately 483 km long and has a total drainage area of approximately 15,850 square km. Although upstream tributaries drain the southeastern side of the Appalachian Blue Ridge province, the Savannah River begins in the Piedmont province and then flows across the Atlantic Coastal Plain province to the Atlantic Ocean. For much of its extent, the modern channel of the Savannah River is located on the southwestern side of the river valley, and the southwestern bank of the valley is the active cut bank. Within the study area, the valley of the Savannah River trends southeast and is relatively straight. The valley has relatively low relief, although the southwestern valley wall is steeper and has greater relief than the northeastern valley wall.
Elevations within the valley mostly range from 3 to 15 meters (m) above sea level, whereas elevations on the high terrace that forms the eastern margin of the Savannah River valley are 15 to 20 m above sea level. The width of the valley is 6 to 7 km in the northern part of the study area and expands to 10 to 12 km farther south. The modern river channel occupies the southwestern side of the valley, and some modern (active) creeks enter the river from the west. Sand hills and low-relief terraces are present to the east of the modern river channel, and the eastern side of the valley is characterized by abandoned meandering and linear channels. Fan-shaped deposits of sand and mud are present where relict (inactive) channels enter the eastern side of the valley. Abandoned meandering channels of low relief (<3 m) are also present to the east on the high terrace (>15 m elevation) that forms the eastern margin of the Savannah River valley. Within the study area, most of the Savannah River valley is covered by alluvial wetland community vegetation dominated by cypress and tupelo trees, although sand hills within the valley are covered by xeric sand community vegetation dominated by pine trees.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3424","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C.S., Schultz, A.P., Doar, W.R., III, Garrity, C.P., Bernhardt, C.E., Crider, E.A., Jr., Edwards, L.E., and McGeehin, J.P., 2019, Geology of the Hardeeville NW quadrangle and parts of the Brighton and Pineland quadrangles, Jasper County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3424, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3424.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 51.79 x 40.25 inches and 32.20 x 40.22 inches; Companion File; Database; XML Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040734","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361223,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/metadata/sim3424_fgdc.xml","text":"XML Metadata","size":"37.3 KB xml"},{"id":361056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/sim3424_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1 ","size":"185 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map and Lidar Shaded-Relief Map"},{"id":361057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/sim3424_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"6.95 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Cross Sections, Stratigraphic Descriptions from Cores, Optically Stimulated Luminescence and Radiocarbon Ages, and Dinoflagellate Biostratigraphic Interpretations"},{"id":361055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":361222,"rank":4,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3424/metadata/sim3424.gdb.zip","size":"1.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Jasper County","otherGeospatial":"Brighton Quadrangle, Pineland Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 32.146257633327764\n ],\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 32.146257633327764\n ],\n [\n -81.1007308959961,\n 32.222967176706305\n ],\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 32.222967176706305\n ],\n [\n -81.14295959472656,\n 32.146257633327764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center
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926A National Center
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Reston, VA
The Samoan islands are an archipelago hosting a quarter million people mostly residing in three major islands, Savai'i and Upolu (Samoa), and Tutuila (American Samoa). The islands have experienced sea level rise by 2–3 mm/year during the last half century. The rate, however, has dramatically increased following the Mw 8.1 Samoa‐Tonga earthquake doublet (megathrust + normal faulting) in September 2009. Since the earthquake, we found large‐scale gravity increase (0.5 μGal/year) around the islands and ongoing subsidence (8–16 mm/year) of the islands from our analysis of Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment gravity and GPS displacement data. The postseismic horizontal displacement is faster in Samoa, while the postseismic subsidence rate is considerably larger in American Samoa. The analysis of local tide gauge records and satellite altimeter data also identified that the relative sea level rise becomes faster by 7–9 mm/year in American Samoa than Samoa. A simple viscoelastic model with a Maxwell viscosity of 2–3×1018 Pa s for the asthenosphere explained postseismic deformation at nearby GPS sites as well as Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment gravity change. It is found that the constructive interference of viscoelastic relaxation from both megathrust and normal faulting has intensified the postseismic subsidence at American Samoa, causing ~5 times faster sea level rise than the global average. Our model indicates that this trend is likely to continue for decades and result in sea level rise of 30–40 cm, which is independent of and in addition to anticipated climate‐related sea level rise. It will worsen coastal flooding on the islands leading to regular nuisance flooding.
The natural wood regime forms the third leg of a tripod of physical processes that supports river science and management, along with the natural flow and sediment regimes. The wood regime consists of wood recruitment, transport, and storage in river corridors. Each of these components can be characterized in terms of magnitude, frequency, rate, timing, duration, and mode. We distinguish the natural wood regime, which occurs where human activities do not significantly alter the wood regime, and a target wood regime, in which management emphasizes wood recruitment, transport, and storage that balance desired geomorphic and ecological characteristics with mitigation of wood-related hazards. Wood regimes vary across space and through time but can be inferred and quantified via direct measurements, reference sites, historical information, and numerical modeling. Classifying wood regimes with respect to wood process domains and quantifying the wood budget are valuable tools for assessing and managing rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biz013","usgsCitation":"Wohl, E., Kramer, N., Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Scott, D., Comiti, F., Gurnell, A.M., Piegay, H., Lininger, K.B., Jaeger, K., Walters, D., and Fausch, K., 2019, The natural wood regime in rivers: BioScience, v. 69, no. 4, p. 259-273, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz013.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"259","endPage":"273","ipdsId":"IP-103578","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz013","text":"External Repository"},{"id":364406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wohl, Ellen 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":194945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wohl","given":"Ellen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kramer, Natalie 0000-0001-6301-6155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-6155","contributorId":216050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Natalie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruiz-Villanueva, Virgina 0000-0002-0196-320X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0196-320X","contributorId":216051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz-Villanueva","given":"Virgina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, Daniel 0000-0001-6589-7603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-7603","contributorId":191673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Comiti, F.","contributorId":82130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiti","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gurnell, Angela M 0000-0002-7249-8202","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7249-8202","contributorId":216052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurnell","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Piegay, Herve","contributorId":177157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piegay","given":"Herve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lininger, Katherine B. 0000-0003-0378-9505","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-9505","contributorId":194946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lininger","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jaeger, Kristin 0000-0002-1209-8506 kjaeger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-8506","contributorId":196686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaeger","given":"Kristin","email":"kjaeger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Walters, David 0000-0002-4237-2158 waltersd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-2158","contributorId":147135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"David","email":"waltersd@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fausch, Kurt D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":198488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"Kurt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70203377,"text":"70203377 - 2019 - Energy allocation and feeding ecology of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during transition from freshwater to saltwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T08:26:26","indexId":"70203377","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-27T13:44:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Energy allocation and feeding ecology of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during transition from freshwater to saltwater","title":"Energy allocation and feeding ecology of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during transition from freshwater to saltwater","docAbstract":"Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations near their northern range extent in the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region of Alaska have undergone major changes in population trajectory and illuminated the lack of basic information on juvenile ecology. This study fills information gaps on the early life history of chum salmon at northern latitudes. Energy allocation was examined in the context of distribution, feeding intensity, and diet during a critical life history period for a single cohort of juvenile chum salmon (O. keta) as they transition from freshwater to saltwater in Kuskokwim Bay from mid-May to early June. Juvenile chum salmon were primarily captured in the river mouth and plume. Energy density (kJ g−1 dry mass) was related to fork length, timing (day-of-year), and capture location in a general additive model. The smallest fish had slightly higher energy densities, but the change in energy density with fish size was minimal and consistent with allocating energy toward somatic growth rather than lipid storage. Fish captured earlier had higher energy density, likely reflecting the presence of residual yolk lipids during early migration. Fish captured in the river mouth and plume had higher energy densities. Feeding intensity was highest among small fish captured later within the river plume. Diet was dominated by surface prey (insects and calanoid copepods) rather than epibenthic harpacticoid copepods as commonly observed. These results provide the first data on energy allocation of juvenile chum salmon during a critical life history phase and suggest that somatic growth is prioritized over storing lipid at saltwater entry.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-018-2297-2","usgsCitation":"Burril, S.E., von Biela, V.R., Hillbruber, N., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2019, Energy allocation and feeding ecology of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) during transition from freshwater to saltwater: Polar Biology, v. 41, no. 7, p. 1447-1461, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2297-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1447","endPage":"1461","ipdsId":"IP-087552","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168.0,58.35 ], [ -168.0,61.0 ], [ -158.0,61.0 ], [ -158.0,58.35 ], [ -168.0,58.35 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burril, Sean E.","contributorId":215441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burril","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39248,"text":"College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hillbruber, Nicola","contributorId":215442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hillbruber","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39248,"text":"College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204988,"text":"70204988 - 2019 - Persistence of intense, climate-driven runoff late in Mars history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-03T08:08:08","indexId":"70204988","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-27T11:33:55","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of intense, climate-driven runoff late in Mars history","docAbstract":"Mars is dry today, but numerous precipitation-fed paleo-rivers are found across the planet’s surface. These rivers’ existence is a challenge to models of planetary climate evolution. We report results indicating that, for a given catchment area, rivers on Mars were wider than rivers on Earth today. We use the scale (width and wavelength) of Mars paleo-rivers as a proxy for past runoff production. Using multiple methods, we infer that intense runoff production of >(3–20) kg/m2 per day persisted until <3 billion years (Ga) ago and probably <1 Ga ago, and was globally distributed. Therefore, the intense runoff production inferred from the results of the Mars Science Laboratory rover was not a short-lived or local anomaly. Rather, precipitation-fed runoff production was globally distributed, was intense, and persisted intermittently over >1 Ga. Our improved history of Mars’ river runoff places new constraints on the unknown mechanism that caused wet climates on Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aav7710","usgsCitation":"Kite, E.S., Mayer, D., Wilson, S., Davis, J.M., Lucas, A.S., and Stucky de Quay, G., 2019, Persistence of intense, climate-driven runoff late in Mars history: Science Advances, v. 5, no. 3, eaav7710, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7710.","productDescription":"eaav7710, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106199","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7710","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kite, Edwin S. 0000-0002-1426-1186","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1426-1186","contributorId":218512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kite","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36705,"text":"University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, David 0000-0001-8351-1807","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-1807","contributorId":215429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Sharon A.","contributorId":211099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Sharon A.","affiliations":[{"id":24731,"text":"Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davis, Joel M.","contributorId":218593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davis","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lucas, Antoine S. 0000-0003-2192-4416","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-4416","contributorId":218514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucas","given":"Antoine","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37956,"text":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stucky de Quay, Gaia","contributorId":218515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stucky de Quay","given":"Gaia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24608,"text":"Imperial College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203344,"text":"70203344 - 2019 - Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-07T09:30:30","indexId":"70203344","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-27T09:29:31","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-latitude net precipitation decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene","docAbstract":"The latitudinal temperature gradient between the Equator and the poles influences atmospheric stability, the strength of the jet stream and extratropical cyclones. Recent global warming is weakening the annual surface gradient in the Northern Hemisphere by preferentially warming the high latitudes; however, the implications of these changes for mid-latitude climate remain uncertain. Here we show that a weaker latitudinal temperature gradient—that is, warming of the Arctic with respect to the Equator—during the early to middle part of the Holocene coincided with substantial decreases in mid-latitude net precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, at 30° N to 50° N). We quantify the evolution of the gradient and of mid-latitude moisture both in a new compilation of Holocene palaeoclimate records spanning from 10° S to 90° N and in an ensemble of mid-Holocene climate model simulations. The observed pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that a weaker temperature gradient led to weaker mid-latitude westerly flow, weaker cyclones and decreased net terrestrial mid-latitude precipitation. Currently, the northern high latitudes are warming at rates nearly double the global average, decreasing the Equator-to-pole temperature gradient to values comparable with those in the early to middle Holocene. If the patterns observed during the Holocene hold for current anthropogenically forced warming, the weaker latitudinal temperature gradient will lead to considerable reductions in mid-latitude water resources.
Methods to radiometrically calibrate a non-imaging airborne visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) spectrometer to measure the Greenland ice sheet surface are presented. Airborne VSWIR measurement performance for bright Greenland ice and dark bare rock/soil targets is compared against the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN®) radiative transfer code (version 6.0), and a coincident Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) acquisition on 29 July 2015 during an in-flight radiometric calibration experiment. Airborne remote sensing flights were carried out in northwestern Greenland in preparation for the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) laser altimeter mission. A total of nine science flights were conducted over the Greenland ice sheet, sea ice, and open-ocean water. The campaign's primary purpose was to correlate green laser pulse penetration into snow and ice with spectroscopic-derived surface properties. An experimental airborne instrument configuration that included a nadir-viewing (looking downward at the surface) non-imaging Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) Inc. spectrometer that measured upwelling VSWIR (0.35 to 2.5 µm) spectral radiance (
A century of atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen has acidified soils and undermined the health and recruitment of foundational tree species in the northeastern US. However, effects of acidic deposition on the forest understory plant communities of this region are poorly documented. We investigated how forest understory plant species composition and richness varied across gradients of acidic deposition and soil acidity in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State.
We surveyed understory vegetation and soils in hardwood forests on 20 small watersheds and built models of community composition and richness as functions of soil chemistry, nitrogen and sulfur deposition, and other environmental variables.
Community composition varied significantly with gradients of acidic deposition, soil acidity, and base cation availability (63% variance explained). Several species increased with soil acidity while others decreased. Understory plant richness decreased significantly with increasing soil acidity (r = 0.60). The best multivariate regression model to predict richness (p < 0.001, adjusted-R2 = 0.60) reflected positive effects of pH and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N).
The relationship we found between understory plant communities and a soil-chemical gradient, suggests that soil acidification can reduce diversity and alter the composition of these communities in northern hardwood forests exposed to acidic deposition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11104-019-04031-y","usgsCitation":"Zarfos, M.R., Dovciak, M., Lawrence, G.B., McDonnell, T.C., and Sullivan, T.J., 2019, Plant richness and composition in hardwood forest understories vary along an acidic deposition and soil-chemical gradient in the northeastern United States: Plant and Soil, v. 438, p. 461-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04031-y.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"477","ipdsId":"IP-088565","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04031-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"northeast New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -75.1025390625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -76.3330078125,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -74.92675781249999,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -74.0478515625,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 43.42100882994726\n ],\n [\n -73.3447265625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"438","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarfos, Michael R. 0000-0002-2902-4773","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2902-4773","contributorId":196724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarfos","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dovciak, Martin","contributorId":196723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dovciak","given":"Martin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDonnell, Todd C.","contributorId":127622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7087,"text":"Scientist, E&S Environmental Chemistry Inc, Corvallis OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":809974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, Timothy J.","contributorId":196720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203314,"text":"70203314 - 2019 - Methane emissions from groundwater pumping in the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:05:17","indexId":"70203314","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T09:33:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5831,"text":"Climate and Atmospheric Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane emissions from groundwater pumping in the USA","docAbstract":"Atmospheric methane accumulation contributes to climate change, hence quantifying methane emissions is essential to assess and model the impacts. Here we estimate methane emissions from groundwater pumping in the Los Angeles Basin (LAB), north-eastern Pennsylvania, and the Principal aquifers of the USA using the average concentrations of methane in groundwater and annual groundwater pumping volumes. High average methane concentrations, 44.1 mg/L, and extensive groundwater pumping, ~3.1 x 1011 L/a in the LAB, result in the annual emission of ~2.9 x 10-3 Tg of microbial methane. Ethane emissions in the LAB were 3.5 x 10-6 Tg/a. Lower methane emissions estimated for NE Pennsylvania, ~3.0 x 10-8 Tg/a, reflect lower methane concentrations and groundwater pumping, 0.7 mg/L and 4.67 x 107 L/a, respectively. Methane concentrations and groundwater withdrawals, 1.06 x 1014 L, across the USA enabled the estimation of the total emissions of methane from Principal aquifers (92% of total pumping) of 0.044 Tg/a in the year 2000, which represents a small percentage (~0.2%) of the total annual US methane emissions, but a previously unquantified flux in the global methane budget. Globally, groundwater-pumping methane emissions were estimated to be 0.53 Tg/a, 0.2% of global methane emissions, by adopting a global estimate for groundwater extraction, and an average methane concentration in older groundwater of 0.44 mg/L.","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41612-019-0068-6","usgsCitation":"Kulongoski, J.T., and McMahon, P.B., 2019, Methane emissions from groundwater pumping in the USA: Climate and Atmospheric Science, v. 2, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-019-0068-6.","productDescription":"11, 8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","ipdsId":"IP-094126","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-019-0068-6","text":"Publisher Index 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kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":173457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197235,"text":"70197235 - 2019 - Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T14:41:55","indexId":"70197235","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2841,"text":"Nature Climate Change","onlineIssn":"1758-6798","printIssn":"1758-678X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean","docAbstract":"Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, spanning all latitudes and the shelf to the open ocean. Predicted and observed fluctuations correspond, with both identifying ACSs at the end of the 1980s4,5,6,7 and 1990s5,8. We show that these ACSs coincide with changes in climate that alter local thermal regimes, which in turn interact with the thermal niche of species to trigger long-term and sometimes abrupt shifts at the community level. A large-scale ACS is predicted after 2014—unprecedented in magnitude and extent—coinciding with a strong El Niño event and major shifts in Northern Hemisphere climate. Our results underline the sensitivity of the Arctic Ocean, where unprecedented melting may reorganize biological communities5,9, and suggest an increase in the size and consequences of ACS events in a warming world.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41558-019-0420-1","usgsCitation":"Beaugrand, G., Conversi, A., Atkinson, A., Cloern, J., Chiba, S., Fonda-Umani, S., Kirby, R., Greene, C., Goberville, E., Otto, S., Reid, P., Stemmann, L., and Edwards, M., 2019, Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean: Nature Climate Change, v. 9, p. 237-243, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0420-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-085095","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02189417","text":"External Repository"},{"id":354481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beaugrand, G.","contributorId":205183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaugrand","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37043,"text":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences’ UMR LOG CNRS 8187, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 - Lille 1 BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conversi, A.","contributorId":205184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conversi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37044,"text":"Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, A.","contributorId":205185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37045,"text":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL13DH, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, James","contributorId":26181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiba, S.","contributorId":205186,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiba","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37046,"text":"RCGC, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0001 Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fonda-Umani, S.","contributorId":205187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fonda-Umani","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37047,"text":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, v. Giorgieri, 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kirby, R.R.","contributorId":205188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirby","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37048,"text":"Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Greene, C.H.","contributorId":205189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37049,"text":"Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Goberville, E.","contributorId":205191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goberville","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37043,"text":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences’ UMR LOG CNRS 8187, Station Marine, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1 - Lille 1 BP 80, 62930 Wimereux, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Otto, S.A.","contributorId":205192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Otto","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37051,"text":"Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B,SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Reid, P.C.","contributorId":205193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reid","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37052,"text":"SAHFOS, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Stemmann, L.","contributorId":205194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stemmann","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37053,"text":"Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique, F-06230, Villefranche/mer, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Edwards, M.","contributorId":205196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37052,"text":"SAHFOS, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70202868,"text":"70202868 - 2019 - Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T09:36:40","indexId":"70202868","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-23T13:29:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5347,"text":"Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine","docAbstract":"Methods to detect and monitor the spread of invasive grasses are critical to avoid ecosystem transformations and large economic costs. The rapid spread of non‐native buffelgrass(Pennisetum ciliare) has intensified fire risk and is replacing fire intolerant native vegetation in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern US. Coarse‐resolution satellite imagery has had limited success in detecting small patches of buffelgrass, whereas ground‐based and aerial survey methods are often cost prohibitive. To improve detection, we trained 2 m resolution DigitalGlobe WorldView‐2 satellite imagery with 12 cm resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and classified buffelgrass on Google Earth Engine, a cloud computing platform, using Random Forest (RF) models in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA. Our classification models had an average overall accuracy of 93% and producer's accuracies of 94–96% for buffelgrass, although user's accuracies were low. We detected a 2.92 km2 area of buffelgrass in the eastern Rincon Mountain District (1.07% of the total area) and a 0.46 km2 area (0.46% of the total area) in the western Tucson Mountain District of Saguaro National Park. Buffelgrass cover was significantly greater in the Sonoran Paloverde‐Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub vegetation type, on poorly developed Entisols and Inceptisol soils and on south‐facing topographic aspects compared to other areas. Our results demonstrate that high‐resolution imagery improve on previous attempts to detect and classify buffelgrass and indicate potential areas where the invasive grass might spread. The methods demonstrated in this study could be employed by land managers as a low‐cost strategy to identify priority areas for control efforts and continued monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"Zoological Society of London","doi":"10.1002/rse2.116","usgsCitation":"Elkind, K., Sankey, T.T., Munson, S.M., and Aslan, C.E., 2019, Invasive buffelgrass detection using high-resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine: Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, v. 5, no. 4, p. 318-331, https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.116.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"318","endPage":"331","ipdsId":"IP-099999","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467782,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.116","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Rincon Mountain District ,Tucson Mountain 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\"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elkind, Kaitlyn","contributorId":214593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elkind","given":"Kaitlyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39080,"text":"School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen T.","contributorId":173297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7202,"text":"NAU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aslan, Clare E.","contributorId":214594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aslan","given":"Clare","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":39081,"text":"Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":760343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228865,"text":"70228865 - 2019 - Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T16:25:30.616899","indexId":"70228865","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-23T10:20:25","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2489,"text":"Journal of Vector Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control","docAbstract":"Plague is a flea-borne disease of mammalian hosts. On the grasslands of western North America, plague stifles populations of Cynomys spp. prairie dogs (PDs). To manage plague, PD burrows are treated with 0.05% deltamethrin dust that can suppress flea numbers and plague transmission. Here, we evaluate the degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control with three PD species at six sites across four U.S. states. Data were simultaneously collected at paired plots. Burrows from one randomly assigned member of each pair were treated with deltamethrin; non-treated plots served as experimental baselines. Flea control was strong ≤two months after treatment, remained moderate one year later, and was statistically detectable for up to two years at some sites. Flea abundance was lower in plots with higher rates of deltamethrin application. After burrow treatments, flea abundance increased over time, reaching >one per PD within 255 to 352 days. Nevertheless, annual treatments of burrows with deltamethrin provided PDs with substantial protection against plague. Even so, deltamethrin should be further evaluated and combined with other tools under an integrated approach to plague management. Integrated plague management should help to conserve PDs and species that associate with them, including the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jvec.12327","usgsCitation":"Eads, D.A., and Biggins, D.E., 2019, Plague management of prairie dog colonies: Degree and duration of deltamethrin flea control: Journal of Vector Ecology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 40-47, https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12327.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"47","ipdsId":"IP-103576","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvec.12327","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":437529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AWK322","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on the Degree and Duration of Deltamethrin Flea Control on Prairie Dog Colonies in Montana, South Dakota, and Utah, 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\"}}]}","volume":"44","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eads, David Austin 0000-0002-4247-017X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":279909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Austin","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":835725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202752,"text":"70202752 - 2019 - Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:24:25","indexId":"70202752","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T15:47:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2490,"text":"Journal of Vegetation Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","title":"Regeneration of Metrosideros polymorpha forests in Hawaii after landscape‐level canopy dieback","docAbstract":"Questions
(a) Have Metrosideros polymorpha trees become re‐established in Hawaiian forests previously impacted by canopy dieback in the 1970s? (b) Has canopy dieback expanded since the 1970s? (c) Can spatial patterns from this dieback be correlated with habitat factors to model future dieback in this area?
Study Site
An 83,603 ha study area on the eastern slopes of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea volcanoes on the island of Hawaii, USA.
Methods
We analyzed very‐high‐resolution imagery to assess status of Metrosideros polymorphaforests across the eastern side of the island of Hawaii. We generated 1,170 virtual vegetation plots with a 100‐m radius; 541 plots in areas mapped in 1977 with trees dead or mostly defoliated (dieback), and 629 plots in adjacent wet forest habitat, previously mapped as non‐dieback condition. In each plot we estimated the frequency of M. polymorpha trees that were dead or mostly defoliated, and the frequency of trees with healthy crowns. These results were combined with habitat data to produce a spatial model depicting probability of canopy dieback within the study area.
Results
Seventy‐nine percent of plots mapped in 1977 in dieback condition recovered their canopy and were now considered in non‐dieback condition. Ninety‐one percent of plots in previous non‐dieback areas were found to still have a healthy M. polymorpha canopy in 2015. A spatial model allowed us to identify areas within the study area with high, medium, and low probability of experiencing this same type of canopy dieback in the future.
Conclusions
Most former dieback areas mapped within the study area in 1977 now show recovery of the tree canopy through growth of new cohorts of young M. polymorpha trees. This suggests these forest communities are resilient to this type of canopy loss and tree death so long as other factors do not disrupt the natural regeneration process.
Most wildlife professionals are engaged in 1 or both of 2 basic endeavors: science and management. These endeavors are a focus of many other disciplines, leading to widespread sharing of general methodologies. Wildlife professionals have appropriately borrowed and assimilated many methods developed primarily in other disciplines but have also led the development of one class of quantitative methods, those that confront and incorporate uncertainty. Uncertainty arises in counts of focal entities, for which wildlife professionals have developed effective methods to deal with the common problems of nondetection and misclassification. These methods have been borrowed by disciplines as varied as paleobiology, medicine, human epidemiology, industrial quality control, military target acquisition, remote sensing, and human census. Uncertainty also arises in the modeling of those counts, specifically the observation and ecological processes that generated them. Wildlife professionals recognized the fundamental importance of model selection and rapidly assimilated methods for selecting the most appropriate model for a given data set. These methods for dealing with uncertainty inherent to counting and modeling are critical to the conduct of science and management. Wildlife professionals have developed additional methods for incorporating uncertainty in the accumulation of knowledge and the development of optimal decisions in an environment of learning. In some cases, professionals in other disciplines are using methods developed and popularized in the wildlife profession, but there is much potential for greater use. In this essay, I describe these areas of wildlife leadership, document their assimilation by other disciplines, and emphasize the potential for more interdisciplinary use of these methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21630","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., 2019, Confronting uncertainty: Contributions of the wildlife profession to the broader scientific community: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 83, no. 3, p. 519-533, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21630.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"533","ipdsId":"IP-101830","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202751,"text":"70202751 - 2019 - North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:35:00","indexId":"70202751","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T15:27:07","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation","docAbstract":"During the termination of the last glacial period the western U.S. experienced exceptionally wet conditions, driven by changes in location and strength of the mid-latitude winter storm track. The distribution of modern winter precipitation is frequently characterized by a north-south wet/dry dipole pattern, controlled by interaction of the storm track with ocean-atmosphere conditions over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Here we show that a dipole pattern of similar geographic extent persisted and switched sign during millennial-scale abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation, based on a new lake level reconstruction for pluvial Lake Chewaucan (northwestern U.S.), and a compilation of regional paleoclimate records. This suggests the dipole pattern is robust, and one mode may be favored for centuries, thereby creating persistent contrasting wet/dry conditions across the western U.S. The TraCE-21k climate model simulation shows an equatorward enhancement of winter storm track activity in the northeastern Pacific, favoring wet conditions in southwestern U.S. during the second half of Heinrich Stadial 1 (16.1–14.6 ka) and consistent with paleoclimate evidence. During the Bølling/Allerød (14.6–12.8 ka), the northeastern Pacific storm track contracted poleward, consistent with wetter conditions concentrated poleward toward the northwest U.S.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41598-019-41197-y","usgsCitation":"Hudson, A.M., Hatchett, B.J., Quade, J., Boyle, D.P., Bassett, S.D., Ali, G., and De los Santos, M.G., 2019, North-south dipole in winter hydroclimate in the western United States during the last deglaciation: Scientific Reports, v. 9, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41197-y.","productDescription":"Article number: 4826, 12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","ipdsId":"IP-097821","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41197-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hudson, Adam M. 0000-0002-3387-9838 ahudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3387-9838","contributorId":195419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Adam","email":"ahudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatchett, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1066-3601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-3601","contributorId":214405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatchett","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39033,"text":"Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, Douglas P.","contributorId":195421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyle","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bassett, Scott D.","contributorId":214406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bassett","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39034,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ali, Guleed","contributorId":195420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ali","given":"Guleed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"De los Santos, Marie G.","contributorId":195424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De los Santos","given":"Marie","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70203927,"text":"70203927 - 2019 - Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T11:29:27","indexId":"70203927","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T11:17:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"1. Wetlands are critical components of freshwater biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, but human activities have resulted in large-scale loss of these habitats across the globe. To offset this loss, mitigation wetlands are frequently constructed, but their ability to replicate the functions of natural wetlands remains uncertain. Further, monitoring of mitigation wetlands is limited and often focused exclusively on vegetation and physical characteristics.
2. Wetland fauna are assumed to be present if suitable habitat restoration is achieved, but this assumption is rarely tested. We used the macroinvertebrate community as a proxy for wetland function to compare created mitigation wetlands, natural wetlands impacted but not destroyed by road construction activity, and unimpacted reference wetlands along a highway corridor in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Unlike most other studies of invertebrate communities in created wetlands which have occurred in warm climates, our study area has a cold temperate climate with short growing seasons.
3. We estimated macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and used linear models to test for effects of wetland design features (wetland age, isolation, depth, vegetation, size, and pH) on invertebrate richness. We also used non-metric multidimensional scaling to examine differences in community composition among wetland types and used indicator species analysis to determine which taxa were causing observed differences.
4. Taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates was lower in created wetlands than impacted or reference wetlands, whereas richness was similar in impacted and reference wetlands. Wetland age was positively correlated with taxonomic richness. The amount of aquatic vegetation in wetlands had the greatest influence on taxonomic richness, so that recently created wetlands with little vegetation had the simplest invertebrate communities. Community composition of invertebrates in created wetlands also differed from community composition in reference and impacted wetlands. Most notably, created wetlands lacked some passive dispersers that were common in other wetland types, although we found no relationship between taxonomic richness and wetland isolation.
5. Overall, constructed wetlands had diminished and altered macroinvertebrate communities relative to reference and impacted wetlands, suggesting that longer times may be required for wetland mitigation projects in cold temperate climates to attain full functionality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.13276","usgsCitation":"SWARTZ, L.K., Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Newell, R.L., and Lowe, W.H., 2019, Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Freshwater Biology, v. 64, p. 942-953, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13276.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"953","ipdsId":"IP-098009","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Togwotee Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.50735473632812,\n 43.875128129336716\n ],\n [\n -110.52520751953125,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -109.62570190429688,\n 43.48082639482503\n ],\n [\n -109.53643798828125,\n 43.574421623084234\n ],\n [\n -110.14480590820312,\n 43.875128129336716\n ],\n [\n -110.48126220703125,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -110.49774169921875,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -110.50735473632812,\n 43.875128129336716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"SWARTZ, LEAH K. 0000-0003-2315-8727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8727","contributorId":216428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"SWARTZ","given":"LEAH","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newell, Robert L.","contributorId":146452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16698,"text":"Wilderness Research Institute, 790 East Beckwith Avenue, Missoul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":146455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202736,"text":"70202736 - 2019 - UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:41:22","indexId":"70202736","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T10:54:27","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows","docAbstract":"A new method of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based tracer tests using RGB (red, green, blue) images was developed in order to acquire the spatio-temporal concentration distribution of tracer clouds in open channel flows. Tracer tests using Rhodamine WT were conducted to collect the RGB images using a commercial digital camera mounted on a UAV, and the concentration of Rhodamine WT using in-situ fluorometric probes. The correlation analysis showed that the in-situmeasured concentrations of Rhodamine WT were strongly correlated with the digital number (DN) of the RGB images, even though the response of DN to the concentration was spatially heterogeneous. The empirical relationship between the DN values and the Rhodamine WT concentration data was estimated using artificial neural network (ANN) models. The trained ANN models, which consider the effect of water depth and river bed, accurately retrieved the detailed spatio-temporal concentration distributions of all study areas that had an R2 higher than 0.9. The acquired spatio-temporal concentration distributions by the proposed method based on the UAV images gave general as well as detailed views of the tracer cloud moving dynamically in open channel flows that cannot be easily observed using conventional in-situ measurements.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.03.007","usgsCitation":"Baek, D., Seo, I.W., Kim, J.S., and Nelson, J.M., 2019, UAV-based measurements of spatio-temporal concentration distributions of fluorescent tracers in open channel flows: Advances in Water Resources, v. 127, p. 76-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.03.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"88","ipdsId":"IP-102149","costCenters":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baek, Donghae","contributorId":214366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baek","given":"Donghae","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37780,"text":"Seoul National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seo, Il Won","contributorId":214367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seo","given":"Il","email":"","middleInitial":"Won","affiliations":[{"id":37780,"text":"Seoul National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kim, Jun Song","contributorId":214368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Jun","email":"","middleInitial":"Song","affiliations":[{"id":37780,"text":"Seoul National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70202742,"text":"70202742 - 2019 - Scale‐dependent effects of isolation on seasonal patch colonisation by two Neotropical freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-25T08:48:53","indexId":"70202742","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T10:50:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale‐dependent effects of isolation on seasonal patch colonisation by two Neotropical freshwater fishes","docAbstract":"The metapopulation paradigm has been central to improve the conservation and management of natural populations. However, despite the large number of studies on metapopulation dynamics, the overall support for the relationships on which the paradigm is based has not been strong. Here, we studied the occupancy dynamics of two Neotropical fishes (i.e., Pimelodella gracilis and Leporinus friderici) to investigate two fundamental premises of the metapopulation paradigm, that is, that isolation and area/habitat quality affect colonisation and extinction probabilities in predictable ways. In order to do this, we used a modification of occupancy models that allows modelling the probability of a site's occupancy as a function of the occupancy of its neighbourhood. We found a weak positive effect of neighbourhood occupancy on P. gracilis colonisation, which is consistent with the propagule rain metapopulation, that is, colonists arriving from outside the studied system. However, we found a strong negative neighbourhood effect on extinction probability, suggesting that declining populations from stream sections are rescued from extinction by neighbouring patches. In contrast, the effect of neighbourhood occupancy on the metapopulation dynamics of L. friderici was in the opposite direction, affecting positively colonisation but not affecting extinction rates, which is consistent with the classical metapopulation model. In addition, the occupancy dynamics of both species were affected by water velocity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link directly dispersal to local population dynamics in Neotropical fishes, and one of the few studies doing inferences on spatial population dynamics based on direct estimates of neighbourhood occupancy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eff.12452","usgsCitation":"Penha, J., Hakamada, K.Y., Hines, J.E., and Nichols, J.D., 2019, Scale‐dependent effects of isolation on seasonal patch colonisation by two Neotropical freshwater fishes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 28, no. 2, p. 274-284, https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12452.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"284","ipdsId":"IP-096324","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penha, Jerry","contributorId":214384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penha","given":"Jerry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39029,"text":"Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":759761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hakamada, Karlo Y. P.","contributorId":214390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hakamada","given":"Karlo","email":"","middleInitial":"Y. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":759768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70215994,"text":"70215994 - 2019 - A re-examination of the three most prominent Holocene tephra deposits in western Canada: Bridge River, Mount St. Helens Yn and Mazama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T15:39:49.210587","indexId":"70215994","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T09:34:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3217,"text":"Quaternary International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A re-examination of the three most prominent Holocene tephra deposits in western Canada: Bridge River, Mount St. Helens Yn and Mazama","docAbstract":"Volcanic ash deposits (tephra) in western Canada are instrumental in providing independent chronologic control for many archaeological and paleoenvironmental sites. In Alberta, tephra are a key chronologic tool in a region where radiocarbon dates are often unreliable because of the prevalence of carbonate-rich bedrock and other “old carbon” sources, such as coal. However, many studies using tephra for age control, particularly archaeological projects, identify tephra simply through field characteristics or light microscopy. In both Alberta and British Columbia, many radiocarbon dates that were used to date key tephra deposits were bulk conventional ages on peat and lake sediments, which are not always reliable. These factors have led to uncertainty in the age and number of Bridge River and Mount St. Helens (MSH) set Y tephra present in the region and incomplete distribution maps. New major-element geochemical analyses from archaeological and sedimentary sites across south-central Alberta, complemented by new analyses of tephra from British Columbia and Saskatchewan, refine the distribution of the Bridge River, MSH Yn and Mazama tephra. New geochemical data, radiocarbon dates, and a detailed overview of proximal MSH set Y stratigraphy and geochemistry show that only one MSH layer, Yn, is present in this region, rather than two MSH set Y tephra as previously suggested. Additionally, re-assessment of age data combined with new geochemical analyses confirm that there is also only one Bridge River tephra. A Bayesian modelled age estimate is determined for MSH Yn based on new AMS dates on the tephra and vetted existing conventional ages, providing a revised age estimate for MSH Yn of 3805–3535 cal BP (mean of 3660 cal BP).
Fluids are well known to influence earthquakes, yet rarely are earthquakes convincingly linked to precipitation. Weak modulation or limited data often leads to ambiguous interpretations. In contrast, here we find that shallow seismicity in the Sierra Nevada range near Long Valley Caldera is strongly modulated by snowmelt. Over 33 years, shallow seismicity rates were ~37 times higher during very wet periods versus very dry periods. Relative earthquake relocations from a swarm in 2017 reveal downward migration from ~1- to 3-km depth along a steeply inclined plane. Steeply dipping strata may provide high-permeability pathways and faulting plane. Here we combine the correlated seismicity and hydrologic time series with the propagation observed in the relatively relocated earthquakes. From this combined evidence, we infer that pressure diffusion from groundwater recharge dramatically accelerated shallow seismicity rates, causing seismic swarms unrelated to volcanic processes.