Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection is a technique used to non-invasively detect cryptic, low density, or logistically difficult-to-study species, such as imperiled manatees. For eDNA measurement, genetic material shed into the environment is concentrated from water samples and analyzed for the presence of target species. Cytochrome bquantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR eDNA assays were developed for the 3 Vulnerable manatee species: African, Amazonian, and both subspecies of the West Indian (Florida and Antillean) manatee. Environmental DNA assays can help to delineate manatee habitat ranges, high use areas, and seasonal population changes. To validate the assay, water was analyzed from Florida’s east coast containing a high-density manatee population and produced 31564 DNA molecules l-1on average and high occurrence (ψ) and detection (p) estimates (ψ = 0.84 [0.40-0.99]; p = 0.99 [0.95-1.00]; limit of detection 3 copies µl-1). Similar occupancy estimates were produced in the Florida Panhandle (ψ = 0.79 [0.54-0.97]) and Cuba (ψ = 0.89 [0.54-1.00]), while occupancy estimates in Cameroon were lower (ψ = 0.49 [0.09-0.95]). The eDNA-derived detection estimates were higher than those generated using aerial survey data on the west coast of Florida and may be effective for population monitoring. Subsequent eDNA studies could be particularly useful in locations where manatees are (1) difficult to identify visually (e.g. the Amazon River and Africa), (2) are present in patchy distributions or are on the verge of extinction (e.g. Jamaica, Haiti), and (3) where repatriation efforts are proposed (e.g. Brazil, Guadeloupe). Extension of these eDNA techniques could be applied to other imperiled marine mammal populations such as African and Asian dugongs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00880","usgsCitation":"Hunter, M., Meigs-Friend, G., Ferrante, J.A., Takoukam Kamla, A., Dorazio, R., Keith Diagne, L., Luna, F., Lanyon, J.M., and Reid, J.P., 2018, Surveys of environmental DNA (eDNA): a new approach to estimate occurrence in Vulnerable manatee populations: Endangered Species Research, v. 35, p. 101-111, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00880.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-087696","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6d9e4b0da30c1bfbe8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunter, Margaret 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":140627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meigs-Friend, Gaia 0000-0001-5181-7510 gmeigs-friend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-7510","contributorId":4688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meigs-Friend","given":"Gaia","email":"gmeigs-friend@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrante, Jason A. 0000-0003-3453-4636 jferrante@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-4636","contributorId":201638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrante","given":"Jason","email":"jferrante@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Takoukam Kamla, Aristide","contributorId":204221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takoukam Kamla","given":"Aristide","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keith Diagne, Lucy","contributorId":204222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keith Diagne","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[{"id":36882,"text":"African Aquatic Conservation Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luna, Fabia","contributorId":204223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luna","given":"Fabia","affiliations":[{"id":36883,"text":"The National Center for Research and Conservation of Aquatic Mammals","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lanyon, Janet M.","contributorId":204224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lanyon","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13335,"text":"The University of Queensland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70195765,"text":"tm3A25 - 2018 - Monitoring stream temperatures—A guide for non-specialists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T14:53:13","indexId":"tm3A25","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3-A25","title":"Monitoring stream temperatures—A guide for non-specialists","docAbstract":"Water temperature influences most physical and biological processes in streams, and along with streamflows is a major driver of ecosystem processes. Collecting data to measure water temperature is therefore imperative, and relatively straightforward. Several protocols exist for collecting stream temperature data, but these are frequently directed towards specialists. This document was developed to address the need for a protocol intended for non-specialists (non-aquatic) staff. It provides specific step-by-step procedures on (1) how to launch data loggers, (2) check the factory calibration of data loggers prior to field use, (3) how to install data loggers in streams for year-round monitoring, (4) how to download and retrieve data loggers from the field, and (5) how to input project data into organizational databases.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: Surface-water techniques in Book 3: Applications of hydraulics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm3A25","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Heck, M.P., Schultz, L.D., Hockman-Wert, D., Dinger, E.C., and Dunham, J.B., 2018, Monitoring stream temperatures—A guide for non-specialists: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 3, chap. A25, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm3A25.","productDescription":"iv, 76 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-090007","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a25/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/03/a25/tm3a25.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 3A25"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 25 of Section A: Surface-water techniques in Book 3: Applications of hydraulics.","contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Coastal communities are increasingly concerned about the dynamic balance between freshwater and saltwater because of its implications for societal, economic, and ecological resources. While the mixing of freshwater and saltwater sources defines coastal estuaries and lagoons, sudden changes in this balance can have a large effect on critical ecosystems and infrastructure. Any change to the delivery of water from either source has the potential to affect the health of both humans and natural biota and also to damage coastal infrastructure. This fact sheet discusses the potential of major shifts in the dynamic freshwater-saltwater balance to alter the environment and coastal stability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20183022","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P.A., Rodgers, K.D., Passeri, D.L., Prinos, S.T., Smith, C., Swarzenski, C.M., and Middleton, B.A., 2018, Coastal estuaries and lagoons: The delicate balance at the edge of the sea: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2018–3022, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20183022. ","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-094263","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353584,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3022/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353585,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2018/3022/fs20183022.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2018–3022"}],"contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern
Columbia, SC 29210
A study of uranium in groundwater in northeastern Washington was conducted to make a preliminary assessment of naturally occurring uranium in groundwater relying on existing information and limited reconnaissance sampling. Naturally occurring uranium is associated with granitic and metasedimentary rocks, as well as younger sedimentary deposits, that occur in this region. The occurrence and distribution of uranium in groundwater is poorly understood. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates uranium in Group A community water systems at a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 30 μg/L in order to reduce uranium exposure, protect from toxic kidney effects of uranium, and reduce the risk of cancer. However, most existing private wells in the study area, generally for single family use, have not been sampled for uranium. This document presents available uranium concentration data from throughout a multi-county region, identifies data gaps, and suggests further study aimed at understanding the occurrence of uranium in groundwater.
The study encompasses about 13,000 square miles (mi2) in the northeastern part of Washington with a 2010 population of about 563,000. Other than the City of Spokane, most of the study area is rural with small towns interspersed throughout the region. The study area also includes three Indian Reservations with small towns and scattered population. The area has a history of uranium exploration and mining, with two inactive uranium mines on the Spokane Indian Reservation and one smaller inactive mine on the outskirts of Spokane. Historical (1977–2016) uranium in groundwater concentration data were used to describe and illustrate the general occurrence and distribution of uranium in groundwater, as well as to identify data deficiencies. Uranium concentrations were detected at greater than 1 microgram per liter (μg/L) in 60 percent of the 2,382 historical samples (from wells and springs). Uranium concentrations ranged from less than 1 to 88,600 μg/L, and the median concentration of uranium in groundwater for all sites was 1.4 μg/L.
New (2017) uranium in groundwater concentration data were obtained by sampling 13 private domestic wells for uranium in areas without recent (2000s) water-quality data. Uranium was detected in all 13 wells sampled for this study; concentrations ranged from 1.03 to 1,180 μg/L with a median of 22 μg/L. Uranium concentrations of groundwater samples from 6 of the 13 wells exceeded the MCL for uranium. Uranium concentrations in water samples from two wells were 1,130 and 1,180 μg/L, respectively; nearly 40 times the MCL.
Additional data collection and analysis are needed in rural areas where self-supplied groundwater withdrawals are the primary source of water for human consumption. Of the roughly 43,000 existing water wells in the study area, only 1,755 wells, as summarized in this document, have available uranium concentration data, and some of those data are decades old. Furthermore, analysis of area groundwater quality would benefit from a more extensive chemical-analysis suite including general chemistry in order to better understand local geochemical conditions that largely govern the mobility of uranium. Although the focus of the present study is uranium, it also is important to recognize that there are other radionuclides of concern that may be present in area groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3401","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., Welch, W.B., Tecca, A.E., and Eliason, D.M., 2018, Uranium concentrations in groundwater, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3401, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3401.","productDescription":"Map: 44.0 x 34.0 inches; Table; 3 Figures","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-091739","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353579,"rank":5,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_figure05.pdf","text":"Figure 5","size":"4.5 MB layered","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401 Figure 5","linkHelpText":"Locations of wells with associated uranium concentrations showing generalized geologic material of open interval, Ferry, Pend Oreille, and Stevens Counties, Washington. Wells with groundwater samples with uranium concentrations greater than or equal to 30 micrograms per liter are labeled."},{"id":353574,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353575,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401.pdf","text":"Map","size":"13.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401"},{"id":353577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_figure03.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"8.3 MB layered","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401 Figure 3","linkHelpText":"Geology, locations of uranium assay sites or mines, and locations of wells and springs with historical uranium concentrations in groundwater of greater than or equal to 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), northeastern Washington, 1977–2016."},{"id":353581,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_table01.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"210 KB xlsx","description":"SIM 3401 Table 1"},{"id":353578,"rank":4,"type":{"id":13,"text":"Illustration"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3401/sim3401_figure04.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"6.1 MB layered","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3401 Figure 4","linkHelpText":"Magnitude and distribution of historical uranium concentrations in groundwater samples, northeastern Washington, 1977–2016."}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 47.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 47.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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Tacoma, Washington 98402
Migrating adult Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus are a source of marine-derived nutrients on the East Coast of North America, importing nitrogen and phosphorus into freshwater habitats. Juvenile migrants subsequently transport freshwater-derived nutrients into the ocean. We developed a deterministic model to explore the theoretical nutrient dynamics of Alewife migrations at differing spawner abundances. Net nutrient balance was calculated relative to these abundances along the spawner–recruit curve. The ecological consequences of these subsidies in a particular watershed depend on the magnitude of adult escapement relative to the habitat’s carrying capacity for juveniles. At low escapement levels and assuming complete habitat access, the number of recruits produced per spawner was high and juvenile nutrient export dominated. At high escapement levels, fewer recruits were produced per spawner because recruitment is density dependent. As a result, adult nutrient import dominated. At varying levels of freshwater productivity and fisheries mortality for upstream spawners, this trend remained the same while the magnitude of the endpoints changed. Productivity level was the major determinant of export, while fisheries mortality had the strongest effect on adult import. The dynamics of this nutrient trade-off are important for managers to consider as a recovering population will likely shift from net export to net import as escapement increases. This transition will be sensitive to both harvest rates and to fish passage efficacy at dams and other barriers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10021","usgsCitation":"Barber, B.L., Gibson, A.J., O’Malley, A., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2018, Does what go up also come down? Using a recruitment model to balance alewife nutrient import and export: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 10, no. 2, p. 236-254, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10021.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"254","ipdsId":"IP-088585","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2d9e4b0702d0e842ff9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Betsy L.","contributorId":207173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Betsy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, A. Jamie","contributorId":207172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jamie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Malley, Andrew","contributorId":169716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Malley","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196536,"text":"ofr20181069 - 2018 - Brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River—Evaluation of causal hypotheses and potential interventions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T18:53:45.200748","indexId":"ofr20181069","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-1069","title":"Brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River—Evaluation of causal hypotheses and potential interventions","docAbstract":"Over the period 2014–2016, the number of nonnative brown trout (Salmo trutta) captured during routine monitoring in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River, downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, began increasing. Management agencies and stakeholders have questioned whether the increase in brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach represents a threat to the endangered humpback chub (Gila cypha), to the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sport fishery, or to other resources of concern. In this report, we evaluate the evidence for the expansion of brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach, consider a range of causal hypotheses for this expansion, examine the likely efficacy of several potential management interventions to reduce brown trout, and analyze the effects of those interventions on other resources of concern.
The brown trout population at Lees Ferry historically consisted of a small number of large fish supported by low levels of immigration from downstream reaches. This population is now showing signs of sustained successful reproduction and is on the cusp of recruiting locally hatched fish into the spawning class, based on analysis with a new integrated population model. The proximate causes of this change in status are a large pulse of immigration in the fall of 2014 and higher reproductive rates in 2015–2017. The ultimate causes of this change are not clear. The pulse of immigrants from downstream reaches in fall 2014 may have been induced by three sequential high-flow releases from the dam in November of 2012–2014, but may also have been the result of a unique set of circumstances unrelated to dam operations. The increase in reproduction may have been the result of any number of changes, including an Allee effect, warmer water temperatures, a decrease in competition from rainbow trout, or fall high-flow releases. Correlations over space and time among predictor variables do not allow us to make a clear inference about the cause of the changes. Under a null causal model, and without any changes to management, we predict there is a 36-percent chance the brown trout population at Lees Ferry will not show sustained growth, and will remain around a mean size of 5,800 adults, near its current size; in contrast, we predict there is a 64-percent chance that the population has a positive intrinsic growth rate and will increase 3–10 fold over the next 20 years. A humpback chub population model linked to the brown trout model suggests an increase of brown trout of this magnitude could lead to declines in the minimum adult humpback chub population over the same time period. Forecasts of rainbow trout abundance, however, suggest that increased abundance of brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach does not pose a threat to the rainbow trout fishery there.
There are interventions that may be effective in moderating the growth of the brown trout population in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River. Across causal hypotheses, we predict that removal strategies (for example, a concerted electrofishing effort or an incentivized take program targeted at large brown trout) could reduce brown trout abundance by approximately 50 percent relative to status quo management. Reductions in the frequency or a change in the seasonal timing of high-flow releases from Glen Canyon Dam could be even more effective, but only under the causal hypotheses that involve effects of such releases on immigration or reproduction. Brown trout management flows— dam releases designed to strand young fish at a vulnerable stage—may be able to reduce brown trout abundance to some degree, but are not forecast to be the most effective strategy under any causal hypothesis.
We predict that the alternative management interventions would have effects on other resource goals as well, and the pattern of these effects differs across causal hypotheses. The removal strategies would incur direct costs (on the order of $7 million over 20 years) and the mechanical removal strategy is unethical from the perspective of several tribes. The strategies that involve reducing the frequency of high-flow releases from Glen Canyon Dam would decrease the ability to transport and store sediment in the ecosystem, potentially undermining goals associated with sandbar building, recreation, and riparian vegetation, but would increase hydropower revenue. Trout management flows would reduce hydropower revenue. From the standpoint of humpback chub, the alternative strategies largely follow the effect on brown trout; when brown trout abundance is reduced, predation pressure decreases, and humpback chub viability is predicted to increase, but the variation in predicted chub viability is not large across strategies or causal hypotheses.
To design a response to brown trout, management agencies will need to navigate both the tradeoffs among resources goals and the uncertainty in the causes of the brown trout expansion. Continued monitoring, possibly coupled with new research or experimental management actions that better inform demographic and ecological dynamics, can help to reduce the causal uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Arizona Game and Fish Department, and the Western Area Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Runge, M.C., Yackulic, C.B., Bair, L.S., Kennedy, T.A., Valdez, R.A., Ellsworth, C., Kershner J.L., Rogers, R.S., Trammell, M.A., and Young, K.L., 2018, Brown trout in the Lees Ferry reach of the Colorado River—Evaluation of causal hypotheses and potential interventions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1069, 83 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181069.","productDescription":"ix, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095595","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7FN15HC","linkHelpText":"Population dynamics of humpback chub, rainbow trout and brown trout in the Colorado River in its Grand Canyon Reach: modelling code and input data"},{"id":353488,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1069/ofr20181069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1069"},{"id":353487,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1069/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.59500122070312,\n 36.834843899148495\n ],\n [\n -111.47209167480469,\n 36.834843899148495\n ],\n [\n -111.47209167480469,\n 36.946599271636295\n ],\n [\n -111.59500122070312,\n 36.946599271636295\n ],\n [\n -111.59500122070312,\n 36.834843899148495\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Eastern Ecological Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12100 Beech Forest Road, Ste 4039
Laurel, MD 20708-4039
Drought is an important stressor in forest ecosystems that can influence tree vigor and survival. In the U.S., forest managers use two primary management techniques to promote resistance and resilience to drought: prescribed fire and mechanical thinning. Generally applied to reduce fuels and fire hazard, treatments may also reduce competition for resources that may improve tree-growth and reduce mortality during drought. A recent severe and prolonged drought in California provided a natural experiment to investigate tree-growth responses to fuel treatments and climatic stress. We assessed tree-growth from 299 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in treated and untreated stands during severe drought from 2012 to 2015 in the mixed-conifer forests of Whiskeytown National Recreation Area (WNRA) in northern California. The treatment implemented at WNRA removed 34% of live basal area through mechanical thinning with a subsequent pile burning of residual fuels. Tree-growth was positively associated with crown ratio and negatively associated with competition and a 1-year lag of climate water deficit, an index of drought. Douglas-fir generally had higher annual growth than ponderosa pine, although factors affecting growth were the same for both species. Drought resistance, expressed as the ratio between mean growth during drought and mean growth pre-drought, was higher in treated stands compared to untreated stands during both years of severe drought (2014 and 2015) for ponderosa pine but only one year (2014) for Douglas-fir. Thinning improved drought resistance, but tree size, competition and species influenced this response. On-going thinning treatments focused on fuels and fire hazard reduction are likely to be effective at promoting growth and greater drought resistance in dry mixed-conifer forests. Given the likelihood of future droughts, land managers may choose to implement similar treatments to reduce potential impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.043","usgsCitation":"Vernon, M.J., Sherriff, R.L., van Mantgem, P., and Kane, J.M., 2018, Thinning, tree-growth, and resistance to multi-year drought in a mixed-conifer forest of northern California: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 422, p. 190-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.043.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"198","ipdsId":"IP-093097","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.03.043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"422","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6dae4b0da30c1bfbe9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vernon, Michael J.","contributorId":204321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vernon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherriff, Rosemary L.","contributorId":204199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherriff","given":"Rosemary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Mantgem, Phillip J. 0000-0002-3068-9422","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3068-9422","contributorId":204320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"Phillip J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kane, Jeffrey M.","contributorId":181978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kane","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196561,"text":"70196561 - 2018 - Cyclic heliothermal behaviour of the shallow, hypersaline Lake Hayward, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T10:34:23","indexId":"70196561","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyclic heliothermal behaviour of the shallow, hypersaline Lake Hayward, Western Australia","docAbstract":"Lake Hayward is one of only about 30 hypersaline lakes worldwide that is meromictic and heliothermal and as such behaves as a natural salt gradient solar pond. Lake Hayward acts as a local groundwater sink, resulting in seasonally variable hypersaline lake water with total dissolved solids (TDS) in the upper layer (mixolimnion) ranging between 56 kg m−3 and 207 kg m−3 and the deeper layer (monimolimnion) from 153 kg m−3 to 211 kg m−3. This is up to six times the salinity of seawater and thus has the highest salinity of all eleven lakes in the Yalgorup National Park lake system. A program of continuously recorded water temperature profiles has shown that salinity stratification initiated by direct rainfall onto the lake’s surface and local runoff into the lake results in the onset of heliothermal conditions within hours of rainfall onset.
The lake alternates between being fully mixed and becoming thermally and chemically stratified several times during the annual cycle, with the longest extended periods of heliothermal behaviour lasting 23 and 22 weeks in the winters of 1992 and 1993 respectively. The objective was to quantify the heat budgets of the cyclical heliothermal behaviour of Lake Hayward.
During the period of temperature profile logging, the maximum recorded temperature of the monimolimnion was 42.6 °C at which time the temperature of the mixolimnion was 29.4 °C.
The heat budget of two closed heliothermal cycles initiated by two rainfall events of 50 mm and 52 mm in 1993 were analysed. The cycles prevailed for 11 and 20 days respectively and the heat budget showed net heat accumulations of 34.2 MJ m−3 and 15.4 MJ m−3, respectively. The corresponding efficiencies of lake heat gain to incident solar energy were 0.17 and 0.18 respectively. Typically, artificial salinity gradient solar ponds (SGSP) have a solar radiation capture efficiencies ranging from 0.10 up to 0.30. Results from Lake Hayward have implications for comparative biogeochemistry and its characteristics should aid in identification of other hitherto unknown heliothermal lakes.
Springs at La Soufrière of Guadeloupe have been monitored for nearly four decades since the phreatic eruption and associated seismic activity in 1976. We conceptualize degassing vapor/gas mixtures as square‐wave sources of chloride and heat and apply a new semianalytic solution to demonstrate that chloride and heat pulses with the same timing and duration result in good matches between measured and simulated spring temperatures and concentrations. While the concentration of chloride pulses is variable, the local boiling temperature of 96°C was assigned to all thermal pulses. Because chloride is a conservative tracer, chloride breakthrough is only affected by one‐dimensional advection and dispersion. The thermal tracer is damped and lagged relative to chloride due to conductive heat exchange with the overlying and underlying strata. Joint analysis of temperature and chloride allows estimation of the onset and duration of degassing pulses, refining the chronology of recent magmatic intrusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017GL076449","usgsCitation":"Chen, K., Zhan, H., Burns, E.R., Ingebritsen, S.E., and Agrinier, P., 2018, The influence of episodic shallow magma degassing on heat and chemical transport in volcanic hydrothermal systems: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 45, no. 7, p. 3068-3076, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076449.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3068","endPage":"3076","ipdsId":"IP-092662","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl076449","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6dbe4b0da30c1bfbeb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Kewei 0000-0002-0444-9724","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-9724","contributorId":204253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Kewei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6747,"text":"Texas A&M University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhan, Hongbin 0000-0003-2060-4904","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-4904","contributorId":192156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhan","given":"Hongbin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burns, Erick R. 0000-0002-1747-0506 eburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-0506","contributorId":192154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Erick","email":"eburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agrinier, Pierre","contributorId":204254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agrinier","given":"Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30776,"text":"Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195023,"text":"sir20185024 - 2018 - Evaluating the potential for near-shore bathymetry on the Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, using Landsat 8 and WorldView-3 imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T11:31:34","indexId":"sir20185024","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5024","title":"Evaluating the potential for near-shore bathymetry on the Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, using Landsat 8 and WorldView-3 imagery","docAbstract":"Satellite-derived near-shore bathymetry (SDB) is becoming an increasingly important method for assessing vulnerability to climate change and natural hazards in low-lying atolls of the northern tropical Pacific Ocean. Satellite imagery has become a cost-effective means for mapping near-shore bathymetry because ships cannot collect soundings safely while operating close to the shore. Also, green laser light detection and ranging (lidar) acquisitions are expensive in remote locations. Previous research has demonstrated that spectral band ratio-based techniques, commonly called the natural logarithm approach, may lead to more precise measurements and modeling of bathymetry because of the phenomenon that different substrates at the same depth have approximately equal ratio values. The goal of this research was to apply the band ratio technique to Landsat 8 at-sensor radiance imagery and WorldView-3 atmospherically corrected imagery in the coastal waters surrounding the Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, to derive near-shore bathymetry that could be incorporated into a seamless topobathymetric digital elevation model of Majuro. Attenuation of light within the water column was characterized by measuring at-sensor radiance and reflectance at different depths and calculating an attenuation coefficient. Bathymetric lidar data, collected by the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office in 2006, were used to calibrate the SDB results. The bathymetric lidar yielded a strong linear relation with water depths. The Landsat 8-derived SDB estimates derived from the blue/green band ratio exhibited a water attenuation extinction depth of 6 meters with a coefficient of determination R2=0.9324. Estimates derived from the coastal/red band ratio had an R2=0.9597. At the same extinction depth, SDB estimates derived from WorldView-3 imagery exhibited an R2=0.9574. Because highly dynamic coastal shorelines can be affected by erosion, wetland loss, hurricanes, sea-level rise, urban development, and population growth, consistent bathymetric data are needed to better understand sensitive coastal land/water interfaces in areas subject to coastal disasters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185024","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Gesch, D.B., Danielson, J.J., and Tyler, D.J., 2018, Evaluating the potential for near-shore bathymetry on the Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, using Landsat 8 and WorldView-3 imagery: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5024, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185024.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 14 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092726","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7416VXX","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"One Meter Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016"},{"id":353365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5024/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353366,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5024/sir20185024.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.28 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5024"}],"country":"Republic of the Marshall Islands","otherGeospatial":"Majuro Atoll","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD
Fish, habitat, and water chemistry data were collected from 98 streams in the midwestern United States, an area dominated by intense cultivation of row crops, in order to identify important water‐quality stressors to fish communities. We focused on 10 stressors including riparian disturbance, riparian vegetative cover, instream fish cover, streambed sedimentation, streamflow variability, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, minimum dissolved oxygen, pesticides, and bed sediment contaminants. Fish community response variables included a measure of observed/expected taxonomic completeness; species‐specific tolerances to nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature; the percent of species classified as macrohabitat generalists; and an index of pesticide toxicity to fish. Multivariate analysis indicated that total nitrogen was the most important stressor, signifying that fish communities were responding to total nitrogen despite relatively high levels common to an agricultural setting. Individually, fish taxonomic completeness decreased with increasing streambed sedimentation, whereas fish community tolerance to total phosphorus increased with increasing streambed sedimentation, riparian disturbance, and total nitrogen. These findings underscore the importance of multiple biological response metrics to better understand the effects of water‐quality stressors on fish communities and highlight the complex relations between total phosphorus and fish communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/1752-1688.12646","usgsCitation":"Meador, M.R., and Frey, J.W., 2018, Relative importance of water-quality stressors in predicting fish community responses in midwestern streams: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 54, no. 3, p. 708-723, https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12646.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"708","endPage":"723","ipdsId":"IP-072326","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midwest","volume":"54","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e598e4b060350a15d1e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. 0000-0001-5956-3340 mrmeador@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-3340","contributorId":195592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":739756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frey, Jeffrey W. 0000-0002-3453-5009 jwfrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-5009","contributorId":487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwfrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194321,"text":"fs20173087 - 2018 - The Midwest Stream Quality Assessment—Influences of human activities on streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-17T11:04:03","indexId":"fs20173087","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-3087","title":"The Midwest Stream Quality Assessment—Influences of human activities on streams","docAbstract":"Healthy streams and the fish and other organisms that live in them contribute to our quality of life. Extensive modification of the landscape in the Midwestern United States, however, has profoundly affected the condition of streams. Row crops and pavement have replaced grasslands and woodlands, streams have been straightened, and wetlands and fields have been drained. Runoff from agricultural and urban land brings sediment and chemicals to streams. What is the chemical, physical, and biological condition of Midwestern streams? Which physical and chemical stressors are adversely affecting biological communities, what are their origins, and how might we lessen or avoid their adverse effects?
In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted the Midwest Stream Quality Assessment to evaluate how human activities affect the biological condition of Midwestern streams. In collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Rivers and Streams Assessment, the USGS sampled 100 streams, chosen to be representative of the different types of watersheds in the region. Biological condition was evaluated based on the number and diversity of fish, algae, and invertebrates in the streams. Changes to the physical habitat and chemical characteristics of the streams—“stressors”—were assessed, and their relation to landscape factors and biological condition was explored by using mathematical models. The data and models help us to better understand how the human activities on the landscape are affecting streams in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20173087","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P.C., Mahler, B.J., Carlisle, Daren, and Coles, James, 2018, The Midwest Stream Quality Assessment—Influences of human activities on streams: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2017–3087, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20173087.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-087878","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350638,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3087/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":350639,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3087/fs20173087.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2017–3087"},{"id":350640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/","text":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 45.166547157856016\n ],\n [\n -98.525390625,\n 36.756490329505176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District, conducted bathymetric surveys of the nearshore waters surrounding Ship and Horn Islands, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi. The objective of this study was to establish base-level elevation conditions around West Ship, East Ship, and Horn Islands and their associated active littoral system prior to restoration activities. These activities include the closure of Camille Cut and the placement of sediment in the littoral zone of East Ship Island. These surveys can be compared with future surveys to monitor sediment migration patterns post-restoration and can also be measured against historic bathymetric datasets to further our understanding of island evolution.
The USGS collected 667 line-kilometers (km) of single-beam bathymetry data and 844 line-km of interferometric swath bathymetry data in July 2016 under Field Activity Number 2016-347-FA. Data are provided in three datums: (1) the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 (ellipsoid height); (2) the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) CORS96 realization and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 with respect to the GEOID12B model (orthometric height); and (3) NAD83 (CORS96) and Mean Lower Low Water (tidal datum). Data products, including x,y,zpoint datasets, trackline shapefiles, digital and handwritten Field Activity Collection Systems logs, 50-meter digital elevation model, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata, are available for download.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, N.T., Stalk, C.A., Fredericks, J.J., Flocks, J.G., Kelso, K.W., Farmer, A.S., Tuten, T.M., and Buster, N.A., 2018, Nearshore coastal bathymetry data collected in 2016 from West Ship Island to Horn Island, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1081, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1081.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-092109","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353362,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1081/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":353364,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7B8571Q/","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Coastal Bathymetry Data Collected in 2016 nearshore from West Ship Island to Horn Island, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Mississippi"},{"id":353363,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1081/","text":"Report HTML","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DS 1081"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Horn Islands, Gulf Islands National Seashore","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.02359008789062,\n 30.173624550358536\n ],\n [\n -88.50311279296875,\n 30.173624550358536\n ],\n [\n -88.50311279296875,\n 30.28634573802957\n ],\n [\n -89.02359008789062,\n 30.28634573802957\n ],\n [\n -89.02359008789062,\n 30.173624550358536\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th St. South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Deposition of large amounts of evaporites and erosion of deep canyons within the Mediterranean Basin as a result of reduced basin connectivity with the Atlantic Ocean and the epicontinental Paratethys Sea characterized the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC, 5.97–5.33 Ma). The influence of the MSC on Mediterranean environmental conditions within the basin itself has been intensely studied from marine records, but reconstructing the impact of the MSC on circum-Mediterranean continental climate has been hampered by the absence of continuous sedimentary archives that span the duration of the event.
Here, we report results of a continental record of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes from lake carbonates framed by new magnetostratigraphic and 40Ar/39Ar dating, as well as by existing mammal stratigraphy (Kangal Basin, central Anatolia). The sampled section records continuous fluvio-lacustrine sedimentation from ~6.6 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which spans the MSC and the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This dataset so far represents the only continuous continental paleoenvironmental record of the MSC in the circum-Mediterranean realm.
The Kangal Basin isotope record indicates a low degree of evaporation. Furthermore, covariance between δ13C and δ18O suggests a coupling between lake water balance and biologic productivity. Variations in δ13C and δ18O therefore likely reflect changes in the amount of incoming precipitation, rather than changes in δ18O values of incoming precipitation. The most prominent spike in δ13C and δ18O occurs during the acme of the MSC and is therefore interpreted to have resulted from a decrease in the amount of incoming moisture correlative to a period of vigorous erosion and sea level lowering in the Mediterranean Basin. Major sea level lowering of Mediterranean basin waters during the acme of the MSC could have therefore led to slightly dryer conditions over Anatolia, which is also suggested by modeling studies. Overall, changes in δ13C and δ18O values are small. Therefore, we surmise that the MSC had limited effects on the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in the Anatolian interior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.001","usgsCitation":"Meijers, M.J., Peynircioglu, A.A., Cosca, M.A., Brocard, G.Y., Whitney, D.L., Langereis, C.G., and Mulch, A., 2018, Climate stability in Central Anatolia during the Messinian Salinity Crisis: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 498, p. 53-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-095374","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/363327","text":"External Repository"},{"id":353419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 37.4,\n 39\n ],\n [\n 36.70,\n 39\n ],\n [\n 36.70,\n 40\n ],\n [\n 37.4,\n 40\n ],\n [\n 37.4,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"498","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6dbe4b0da30c1bfbebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meijers, Maud J.M.","contributorId":204225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meijers","given":"Maud","email":"","middleInitial":"J.M.","affiliations":[{"id":36884,"text":"University of Frankfurt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peynircioglu, Ahmet A","contributorId":204226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peynircioglu","given":"Ahmet","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36885,"text":"Utrecht University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cosca, Michael A. 0000-0002-0600-7663 mcosca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0600-7663","contributorId":1000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cosca","given":"Michael","email":"mcosca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brocard, Gilles Y.","contributorId":204227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brocard","given":"Gilles","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":16979,"text":"University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Whitney, Donna L.","contributorId":187715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitney","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Langereis, Cor G.","contributorId":204228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langereis","given":"Cor","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36885,"text":"Utrecht University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":733431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mulch, Andreas","contributorId":194317,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulch","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70240959,"text":"70240959 - 2018 - Less fine particle retention in a restored versus unrestored urban stream: Balance between hyporheic exchange, resuspension, and immobilization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-02T16:26:27.336374","indexId":"70240959","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-12T10:18:38","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9326,"text":"JGR Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Less fine particle retention in a restored versus unrestored urban stream: Balance between hyporheic exchange, resuspension, and immobilization","docAbstract":"Stream restoration goals include reducing erosion and increasing hyporheic exchange to promote biogeochemical processing and improve water quality. Little is known, however, about fine particle dynamics in response to stream restoration. Fine particles (<100 μm) are exchanged with transient storage areas near and within streambeds and banks. Fine particle retention directly impacts carbon and nutrient cycling by supporting benthic and hyporheic primary production, but overaccumulation of fine particle deposits can impair metabolism by burying benthic biofilms and reducing streambed permeability. We analyzed the transport and retention of water and fine particles at both the reach and local scales in a restored urban stream, 9 years postrestoration. We injected conservative solute and fine particle tracers under summer baseflow conditions and monitored their distribution between surface water, porewaters, and storage areas (i.e., biofilms, hyporheic zones, and slow surface waters). Comparison of the results to a nearby unrestored stream demonstrate that the restored reach had 10–45 times greater exchange of fine particles with transient storage zones, but 5 times lower rate of net particle immobilization. Local-scale results showed that restoration increased fine particle exchange with short-term storage areas but did not increase long-term particle retention. Thus, the restored stream rapidly exchanged fine sediments with transient storage areas, but did not store fine sediments as efficiently as the unrestored stream. The decreased retention of particulate organic matter in the restored stream may reduce biogeochemical processes, such as denitrification, by not providing sufficient organic carbon or the surface area required for microbial colonization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2017JG004212","usgsCitation":"Drummond, J., Larsen, L., Gonzalez-Pinzon, R., Packman, A.I., and Harvey, J., 2018, Less fine particle retention in a restored versus unrestored urban stream: Balance between hyporheic exchange, resuspension, and immobilization: JGR Biogeosciences, v. 123, no. 4, p. 1425-1439, https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JG004212.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-094827","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jg004212","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":413622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drummond, J. D.","contributorId":9377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drummond","given":"J. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, L. G.","contributorId":50741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"L. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, R.","contributorId":302802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Pinzon","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Packman, A. I.","contributorId":198636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Packman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70198739,"text":"70198739 - 2018 - Dam Removal and Fish Passage Improvement Influence Fish Assemblages in the Penobscot River, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T10:40:14","indexId":"70198739","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-12T08:31:47","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dam Removal and Fish Passage Improvement Influence Fish Assemblages in the Penobscot River, Maine","docAbstract":"Dams and their impoundments disrupt river habitat connectivity to the detriment of migratory fishes. Removal of dams improves riverine connectivity and lotic habitat, which benefits not only these fishes but also resident fluvial specialist species. Restoration efforts on the Penobscot River, Maine, are among the largest recently completed in the United States and include the removal of the two lowermost dams and improvements to fish passage at several remaining barriers. We assessed fish assemblages in the main‐stem river and several major tributaries before (2010–2012) and after (2014–2016) dam removal using boat electrofishing surveys and a stratified random sampling design. In total, we sampled 303 km of shoreline and captured 107,335 individual fish representing 39 species. Similarity indices and rarefaction curves indicated that significant changes in fish assemblage composition occurred in reaches that underwent both habitat and connectivity changes (i.e., directly above removed dams). The newly connected reaches became more similar in fish assemblage composition, as demonstrated by an average increase of 31% in similarity scores. The changes in similarity score in these reaches were driven by increasing access for anadromous fishes and decreasing abundances of slow‐water specialist species. For example, we observed a marked reduction in lacustrine species in former impoundments. These assemblage shifts were further illustrated by nonmetric multidimensional scaling in which sites directly above former dams exhibited the largest ordinal shifts immediately following dam removal. We also found all anadromous species in greatest abundance below the lowermost dam during each respective sampling period, though we did find some anadromous species above the lowermost dam during postremoval sampling. Our results demonstrate the potential for large dam removal projects to restore both fluvial and anadromous fish assemblages.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society ","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10053","usgsCitation":"Watson, J.M., Coghlan, S.M., Zydlewski, J.D., Hayes, D.B., and Kiraly, I.A., 2018, Dam Removal and Fish Passage Improvement Influence Fish Assemblages in the Penobscot River, Maine: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 147, no. 3, p. 525-540, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10053.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"540","ipdsId":"IP-088581","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.82659912109375,\n 45.583289756006316\n ],\n [\n -68.5382080078125,\n 45.59290020826985\n ],\n [\n -68.45855712890625,\n 45.56502536350451\n ],\n [\n -68.47366333007812,\n 45.468799075209894\n ],\n [\n -68.64120483398438,\n 45.32801318215748\n ],\n [\n -68.69888305664062,\n 45.29421101337773\n ],\n [\n -68.9007568359375,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -69.18228149414062,\n 45.30000710263142\n ],\n [\n -69.3621826171875,\n 45.31256326358576\n ],\n [\n -69.37179565429688,\n 45.155895559488265\n ],\n [\n -68.79364013671875,\n 45.258455371422535\n ],\n [\n -68.66867065429688,\n 45.17235628126675\n ],\n [\n -68.70574951171875,\n 45.059941562221226\n ],\n [\n -68.73870849609375,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -68.895263671875,\n 44.65107027453459\n ],\n [\n -68.8623046875,\n 44.52588470040996\n ],\n [\n -68.78814697265625,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -68.719482421875,\n 44.56503415498704\n ],\n [\n -68.8018798828125,\n 44.72917434046452\n ],\n [\n -68.62884521484375,\n 44.85586880735725\n ],\n [\n -68.58489990234375,\n 45.01918507438176\n ],\n [\n -68.5931396484375,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -68.36242675781249,\n 45.44086267178177\n ],\n [\n -68.302001953125,\n 45.52944081525666\n ],\n [\n -68.411865234375,\n 45.62172169252446\n ],\n [\n -68.6151123046875,\n 45.70234306798271\n ],\n [\n -68.807373046875,\n 45.68123916702059\n ],\n [\n -68.82659912109375,\n 45.583289756006316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"147","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a2d9e4b0702d0e842ffb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Jonathan M.","contributorId":207174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watson","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coghlan, Stephen M. 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Results from grab samples and a De Facto Reuse in our Nation's Consumable Supply (DRINCS) geospatial watershed model were used to quantify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) concentrations at DWTP intakes to qualitatively compare exposure risks obtained by the two approaches. Between nine and 71 CECs were detected in grab samples. The number of upstream WWTP discharges ranged from 0 to >1,000; comparative de facto reuse results from DRINCS ranged from <0.1 to 13% during average flow and >80% during lower streamflows. Correlation between chemicals detected and DRINCS modeling results were observed, particularly DWTPs withdrawing from midsize water bodies. This comparison advances the utility of DRINCS to identify locations of DWTPs for future CEC sampling and treatment technology testing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/awwa.1052","usgsCitation":"Nguyen, T., Westerhoff, P., Furlong, E., Kolpin, D., Batt, A.L., Mash, H.E., Schenck, K.M., Boone, J.S., Rice, J., and Glassmeyer, S.T., 2018, Modeled de facto reuse and contaminants of emerging concern in drinking water source waters: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 110, no. 4, p. 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Quality-control samples provide insight into how well the samples collected at surface-water sites represent the true environmental conditions. Quality-control samples used in this program include field blanks, replicates, and field matrix spikes. This report describes the design for collection of these quality-control samples and the data management needed to properly identify these samples in the U.S. Geological Survey’s national database.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20181018","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Program","usgsCitation":"Riskin, M.L., Reutter, D.C., Martin, J.D., and Mueller, D.K., 2018, Quality-control design for surface-water sampling in the National Water-Quality Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1018, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181018.","productDescription":"vi, 15 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-088810","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1018/ofr20181018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.03 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2018-1018"},{"id":352917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2018/1018/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, National Water Quality Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey studies the effects of weather, climate, and man-made influences on groundwater levels, streamflow, and reservoir and lake levels, as well as on the ecological health of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, watersheds, estuaries, aquifers, soils, beaches, and wildlife. From these studies, the USGS produces high-quality, timely, and unbiased scientific research and data that are widely accessible and relevant to all levels of government, Tribal Nations, academic institutions, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the general public. In New York, the U.S. Geological Survey works with other Federal agencies, State and municipal government, Tribal Nations, and the private sector to develop products that inform decision makers, legislators, and the general public.
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York\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180
The generation of runoff and the resultant flash flooding can be substantially larger following wildfire than for similar rainstorms that precede wildfire disturbance. Flash flooding after the 2011 Las Conchas Fire in New Mexico provided the motivation for this investigation to assess postwildfire effects on soil-hydraulic properties (SHPs) and soil-physical properties (SPPs) as a function of remotely sensed burn severity 4 years following the wildfire. A secondary purpose of this report is to illustrate a methodology to determine SHPs that analyzes infiltrometer data by using three different analysis methods. The SPPs and SHPs are measured as a function of remotely sensed burn severity by using the difference in the Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) metric for seven sites. The dNBR metric was used to guide field sample collection across a full spectrum of burn severities that covered the range of Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) and Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC) thematic classes from low to high severity. The SPPs (initial and saturated soil-water content, bulk density, soil-organic matter, and soil-particle size) and SHPs (field-saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity) were measured under controlled laboratory conditions for soil cores collected in the field. The SHPs were estimated by using tension infiltrometer measurements and three different data analysis methods. These measurements showed large effects of burn severity, focused in the top
1 centimeter (cm) of soil, on some SPPs (bulk density, soil organic matter, and particle sizes). The threshold of these bulk density and soil organic matter effects was between 300 and 400 dNBR, which corresponds to a MTBS thematic class between moderate and high burn severity and a BARC4 thematic class of high severity. Gravel content and the content of fines in the top 1 cm of soil had a higher threshold value between 450 and 500 dNBR. Lesser effects on SPPs were observed at depths of 1–3 cm and 3–6 cm. In contrast, SHPs showed little effect from dNBR or from MTBS/BARC4 thematic class. Measurements suggested that 4 years of elapsed time after the wildfire may be sufficient for SHP recovery in this area. These measurements also indicated that SPP differences as a function of burn severity cannot be used as reliable indicators of SHP differences as a function of burn severity.
Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Elevated levels of selenium (Se) in aqueous environments can harm aquatic life and endanger livestock and human health. Although Se occurs naturally in the rocks and soils of many alluvial aquifers, mining and agricultural activities can increase its rate of mobilization and transport to surface waters. Attention is given here to regions where nonpoint source return flows from irrigated lands carry pollutant loads to aquifers and streams, contributing to concentrations that violate regulatory and performance standards. Of particular concern is the heightened level and mobilization of Se influenced by nitrate (NO3), a harmful pollutant in its own right. We present a numerical model that simulates the reactive transport of Se and nitrogen (N) species in a coupled groundwater-surface water system. Building upon a conceptual model that incorporates the major processes affecting Se and NO3 transport in an irrigated watershed, the model links the finite-difference models MODFLOW, UZF-RT3D, and OTIS, to simulate flow and reactive transport of multiple chemical species in both the aquifer and a stream network, with mass exchange between the two. The capability of the new model is showcased by calibration, testing, and application to a 500 km2 region in Colorado’s Lower Arkansas River Valley using a rich data set gathered over a 10-yr period. Simulation of spatial and temporal distributions of Se concentration reveals conditions that exceed standards in groundwater for approximately 20% of the area. For the Arkansas River, standards are exceeded by 290%–450%. Simulation indicates that river concentrations of NO3 alone are near the current interim standard for the total of all dissolved N species. These results indicate the need for future use of the developed model to investigate the prospects for land and water best management practices to decrease pollutant levels.
Site-specific and regional analysis of time-series hydrologic and geochemical data collected from 15 monitoring wells in the Piceance Basin indicated that a leaking gas well contaminated shallow groundwater with thermogenic methane. The gas well was drilled in 1956 and plugged and abandoned in 1990. Chemical and isotopic data showed the thermogenic methane was not from mixing of gas-rich formation water with shallow groundwater or natural migration of a free-gas phase. Water-level and methane-isotopic data, and video logs from a deep monitoring well, indicated that a shale confining layer ~125 m below the zone of contamination was an effective barrier to upward migration of water and gas. The gas well, located 27 m from the contaminated monitoring well, had ~1000 m of uncemented annular space behind production casing that was the likely pathway through which deep gas migrated into the shallow aquifer. Measurements of soil gas near the gas well showed no evidence of methane emissions from the soil to the atmosphere even though methane concentrations in shallow groundwater (16 to 20 mg/L) were above air-saturation levels. Methane degassing from the water table was likely oxidized in the relatively thick unsaturated zone (~18 m), thus rendering the leak undetectable at land surface. Drilling and plugging records for oil and gas wells in Colorado and proxies for depth to groundwater indicated thousands of oil and gas wells were drilled and plugged in the same timeframe as the implicated gas well, and the majority of those wells were in areas with relatively large depths to groundwater. This study represents one of the few detailed subsurface investigations of methane leakage from a plugged and abandoned gas well. As such, it could provide a useful template for prioritizing and assessing potentially leaking wells, particularly in cases where the leakage does not manifest itself at land surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.371","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Thomas, J.C., Crawford, J.T., Dornblaser, M.M., and Hunt, A.G., 2018, Methane in groundwater from a leaking gas well, Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 634, p. 791-801, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.371.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"791","endPage":"801","ipdsId":"IP-093525","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Basin","volume":"634","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbef0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Judith C. 0000-0001-7883-1419 juthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-1419","contributorId":1468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Judith","email":"juthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195825,"text":"sir20185026 - 2018 - Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment production in the Torreon Wash watershed, New Mexico, 2009–12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T06:07:54","indexId":"sir20185026","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2018-5026","displayTitle":"Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment production in the Torreon Wash watershed, New Mexico,2009–12","title":"Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment production in the Torreon Wash watershed, New Mexico, 2009–12","docAbstract":"Sediment erosion and deposition in two sets of paired (treated and untreated) upland drainages in the Torreon Wash watershed, upper Rio Puerco Basin, New Mexico, were examined over a 3 1/2-year period from spring 2009 through fall 2012. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of shallow, loose-stone check dams, or “one-rock dams,” as a hillslope gully erosion stabilization and mitigation method, and its potential for retaining upland eroded soils and decreasing delivery of sediment to lower ephemeral stream channels. Two high-resolution topographic surveys, completed at the beginning and end of the study period, were used to assess the effects of the mitigation measures at paired-drainage sites in both Penistaja Arroyo and Papers Wash watersheds, and at six main-stem-channel cross-section clusters along Penistaja Arroyo and Torreon Wash in the Torreon Wash watershed.
For both drainage pairs, the treated drainage had greater sediment aggradation near the channel than the untreated drainage. Erosion was the dominant geomorphic process in the untreated Penistaja Arroyo drainage, whereas aggradation was the dominant process in the other three drainages. For the Penistaja Arroyo paired drainages, the treated site showed a 51-percent increase in area aggraded and 67-percent increase in volume aggraded per area analyzed over the untreated site. Both Papers Wash drainages showed net aggradation, but with similar treatment effect, with the treated site showing a 29-percent increase in area aggraded and 60-percent increase in volume aggraded per area analyzed over the untreated site. In the untreated Penistaja Arroyo drainage, the calculated minimum erosion rate was 0.0055 inches per year (in/yr; 0.14 millimeters per year [mm/yr]), whereas the calculated aggradation rates for the three drainages for which aggradation was the dominant geomorphic process were 0.0063 in/yr (0.16 mm/yr) for the Penistaja Arroyo treated drainage, 0.012 in/yr (0.31 mm/yr) for the Papers Wash untreated drainage, and 0.988 in/yr (2.51 mm/yr) for the Papers Wash treated drainage.
Changes in the channel cross section along the main-stem Penistaja Arroyo and Torreon Wash were also examined. Channel-bank slumping and erosion of previously deposited bed material were apparent sources for sediment suspended in ephemeral streamflow. Cross-sectional channel surveys indicated examples of both erosion and deposition along each channel over the study period. Because the drainage area of the treated drainages is small compared to that of the Torreon Wash watershed, the upland mitigation measures would not be expected to measurably affect short-term concentrations of suspended sediment in main-stem channels.
One-rock-dam mitigation structures in the upland drainages appear to have resulted in a decrease in sediment delivery to the main-stem channel. One-rock-dam mitigation structures may affect streamflow through their influence on runoff volume (via infiltration) and runoff rate (via detention), both of which may vary with time after structure installation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20185026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rio Puerco Alliance","usgsCitation":"Matherne, A.M., Tillery, A.C., and Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2018, Effects of hillslope gully stabilization on erosion and sediment production in the Torreon Wash watershed, New Mexico, 2009–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5026, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 35 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086274","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353246,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5026/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":353247,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2018/5026/sir20185026.pdf","text":"Report ","size":"3.80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2018–5026"},{"id":353248,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7Q52NK3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Effects of Hillslope Gully Stabilization on Erosion and Sediment Production in the Torreon Wash Watershed, New Mexico, 2009–2012 - Associated Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Torreon Wash Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.6\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 35.6\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -107.5,\n 35.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are likely to influence future distributions of plants and plant community structure in many regions of the world through effects on photosynthetic rates. In recent decades the encroachment of woody mangrove species into herbaceous marshes has been documented along the U.S. northern Gulf of Mexico coast. These species shifts have been attributed primarily to rising sea levels and warming winter temperatures, but the role of elevated CO2 and water availability may become more prominent drivers of species interactions under future climate conditions. Drought has been implicated as a major factor contributing to salt marsh vegetation dieback in this region. In this greenhouse study we examined the effects of CO2 concentration (∼380 ppm, ∼700 ppm) and water regime (drought, saturated, flooded) on early growth of Avicennia germinans, a C3 mangrove species, and Spartina alterniflora, a C4 grass. Plants were grown in monocultures and in a mixed-species assemblage. We found that neither species responded to elevated CO2 over the 10-month duration of the experiment, and there were few interactions between experimental factors. Two effects of water regime were documented: lower A. germinanspneumatophore biomass under drought conditions, and lower belowground biomass under flooded conditions regardless of planting assemblage. Evidence of interspecific interactions was noted. Competition for aboveground resources (e.g., light) was indicated by lower S. alterniflora stem biomass in mixed-species assemblage compared to biomass in S. alterniflora monocultures. Pneumatophore biomass of A. germinans was reduced when grown in monoculture compared to the mixed-species assemblage, indicating competition for belowground resources. These interactions provide insight into how these species may respond following major disturbance events that lead to vegetation dieback. Site variation in propagule availability and physico-chemical conditions will determine plant community composition and structure following such disturbances when these two species co-occur.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2018.03.026","usgsCitation":"Howard, R.J., Stagg, C.L., and Utomo, H.S., 2018, Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 207, p. 74-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.03.026.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-088462","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":437954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7C8286J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Early growth interactions between a mangrove and an herbaceous salt marsh species are not affected by elevated CO2 or drought, Louisiana saltmarsh, 2015"},{"id":353255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"207","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6e5e4b0da30c1bfbf00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Rebecca J. 0000-0001-7264-4364 howardr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7264-4364","contributorId":2429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Rebecca","email":"howardr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Utomo, Herry S.","contributorId":204029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Utomo","given":"Herry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":32913,"text":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}