{"pageNumber":"3464","pageRowStart":"86575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184936,"records":[{"id":69379,"text":"i2654 - 1998 - Mines and mineral processing plants in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T19:55:33.499557","indexId":"i2654","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2654","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Mines and mineral processing plants in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Although minerals are vital to our way of life, many of us take them for granted.&nbsp; Hundreds of the things that we do each day - from driving a car to watching television or working on a computer - depend on products made from minerals.&nbsp; It takes about 3 tons of coal and 10 tons of nonfuel minerals, elements, and mineral products in the United States per person each year, just to maintain our lifestyle (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1991).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2654","usgsCitation":"McCartan, L., LaTurno, N.M., and Ambroziak, R.A., 1998, Mines and mineral processing plants in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2654, 1 Plate: 57.29 x 41.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2654.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 57.29 x 41.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":360515,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2654/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2654/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30101.htm"}],"scale":"6000000","country":"United 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,{"id":79141,"text":"ofr9878W - 1998 - Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water year 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:23:45","indexId":"ofr9878W","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-78","title":"Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water year 1997","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The location of water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 1997 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1997 is called 'water year 1997'. The purpose of this report is to provide information about the physical and chemical characteristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measurements of lake stage and in-lake water quality. Graphs of Secchi depths, surface total-phosphorus and chlorophyll-a concentrations versus time are usually included for lakes with two or more years of data. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake's watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in another volume: 'Water Resources Data-Wisconsin, 1997'.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9878W","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Wisconsin and local agencies","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Garn, H., Goodard, G., Marsh, S., Olson, D., and Rose, W.J., 1998, Water-quality and lake-stage data for Wisconsin lakes, water year 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-78, vi, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9878W.","productDescription":"vi, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","temporalEnd":"1997-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodard, G.L.","contributorId":72882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodard","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, S.B.","contributorId":105329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Olson, D.L.","contributorId":34943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rose, W. J.","contributorId":14433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70197581,"text":"70197581 - 1998 - Geology and regional correlation of the Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks of the Gualala block, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T15:06:58","indexId":"70197581","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology and regional correlation of the Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks of the Gualala block, northern California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkTitle":" Geology and tectonics of the Gualala block, northern California: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Book 84","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology, Pacific Section","publisherLocation":"Los Angeles, CA","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C., Jones, D.L., and Brabb, E.E., 1998, Geology and regional correlation of the Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks of the Gualala block, northern California, chap. <i>of</i>  Geology and tectonics of the Gualala block, northern California: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Book 84, p. 3-27.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gualala Block","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98de3ae4b0702d0e8485b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, C. M. 0000-0003-2569-569X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":106466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197510,"text":"70197510 - 1998 - Detailed correlation of lithostratigraphic and borehole geophysical log data for identifying contacts at Yucca Mountain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-08T11:26:19","indexId":"70197510","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Detailed correlation of lithostratigraphic and borehole geophysical log data for identifying contacts at Yucca Mountain","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceTitle":"International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference","conferenceDate":"1998","conferenceLocation":"Le Grange Park, IL","language":"English","publisher":"American Nuclear Society","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., and Spengler, R., 1998, Detailed correlation of lithostratigraphic and borehole geophysical log data for identifying contacts at Yucca Mountain, <i>in</i> International High-Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, Le Grange Park, IL, 1998, p. 248-251.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98de3be4b0702d0e8485bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70194581,"text":"70194581 - 1998 - What we know and do not know about off-road vehicle impacts on wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-06T12:38:53","indexId":"70194581","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"What we know and do not know about off-road vehicle impacts on wildlife","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Off-road vehicle use: A management challenge","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Office of Environmental Quality","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bury, R.B., 1998, What we know and do not know about off-road vehicle impacts on wildlife, chap. <i>of</i> Off-road vehicle use: A management challenge, p. 110-120.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a612722e4b06e28e9c25cbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bury, R. Bruce buryb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bury","given":"R.","email":"buryb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bruce","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":724558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81064,"text":"gap7 - 1998 - GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 7","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:12:23","indexId":"gap7","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":30,"text":"GAP Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 7","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, GAP Analysis Bulletin Number 7: GAP Bulletin 7, 140 p.","productDescription":"140 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91239,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gap/07/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gap/07/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207567,"text":"70207567 - 1998 - Radionuclides in fly ash and bottom ash: Improved characterization based on radiography and low energy gamma-ray spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-24T12:25:56","indexId":"70207567","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-24T12:15:10","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radionuclides in fly ash and bottom ash: Improved characterization based on radiography and low energy gamma-ray spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two radiation-based techniques for determining the distribution and relative abundance of radionuclides are described, and applied to a suite of fly ash and bottom ash samples from a Kentucky power plant. The technique of fission-track radiography provides new observations of the variety of uranium hosts and of uranium distribution in individual particles of fly ash, and thus aids prediction of the leachability of uranium during long-term disposal or utilization of fly ash. Uranium is largely dispersed within glassy components of fly ash particles and shows little evidence for obvious surface enrichment that could be attributed to secondary adsorption. The technique of low energy gamma-ray spectrometry provides simultaneous, non-destructive determination of the relative abundance of&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U,&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra,&nbsp;</span><sup>228</sup><span>Ra and&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb in representative 150–250 g samples. The measurements provide a means for screening samples to determine if the combustion process causes significant preferential redistribution of radionuclides that could affect their subsequent mobility. Results indicate that radium isotopes are not significantly (within 10–15%) fractionated from parent&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U and&nbsp;</span><sup>232</sup><span>Th during coal combustion. In contrast,&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb appears to be preferentially enriched in some samples of fly ash, and depleted in bottom ash relative to&nbsp;</span><sup>238</sup><span>U and&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup><span>Ra. In this application&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb acts as a tracer for elemental lead, and confirms the expected greater volatility of Pb compared to more refractory elements during coal combustion.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-2361(97)00194-4","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., and Budahn, J.R., 1998, Radionuclides in fly ash and bottom ash: Improved characterization based on radiography and low energy gamma-ray spectrometry: Fuel, v. 77, no. 4, p. 259-267, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)00194-4.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, James R. 0000-0001-9794-8882 jbudahn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":1175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"James","email":"jbudahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207369,"text":"70207369 - 1998 - Origin of the Columbia River basalts: Melting model of a heterogeneous plume head","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T14:42:32.263801","indexId":"70207369","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-18T12:12:29","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of the Columbia River basalts: Melting model of a heterogeneous plume head","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to study the origin of the Grande Ronde&nbsp;basalts&nbsp;(GRs) erupted in the&nbsp;climax&nbsp;stage of the Columbia River basalts (CRBs), we carried out high pressure melting experiments on four of the most primitive rock compositions representing the Yakima group of the CRBs. The voluminous GRs (constituting &gt;80 vol% of CRBs) are totally aphyric basaltic&nbsp;andesites. GRs show very narrow and coherent chemical trends both in major and trace elements as well as&nbsp;isotopes. The silica-rich GRs (SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;= 52–56 wt%) can be produced by direct partial melting of a MORB like source material (CRB72-31) at ∼2 GPa or ∼70 km depth. By 30–50% partial melting of the CRB72-31, the entire compositional range of the GRs can be produced in a narrow temperature interval (1300–1350°C) at ∼2 GPa. The aluminous&nbsp;clinopyroxene&nbsp;that appears in the above melting range is consistent as the major controlling phase of the GR trends. The partial melts are very similar to the GRs except for Al</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;and FeO which could be due to the mismatch in the source rock composition. Judging from the variation in&nbsp;REE, involvement of&nbsp;garnet&nbsp;in GR&nbsp;magma&nbsp;genesis can be ruled out. Small amounts of&nbsp;plagioclase&nbsp;(10–30 wt%) may be present in the partial melting residue. Judging from REE patterns and Nd isotopes of the GRs, the source rock should be unfractionated in REE. Based on the melting experiments, a heterogeneous plume model is proposed for the initial stage of the Yellowstone hot spot. Large lithologically distinct blobs of old&nbsp;oceanic crust&nbsp;components were included in the plume head. The GR magmas were produced by partial melting of the oceanic crust components at the bottom of the North American lithosphere. Similar melting processes of basalt/peridotite composite source may be operating in other LIPs (large igneous provinces). The GR type genuine oceanic crust derived melts may be seen where the ambient&nbsp;peridotite&nbsp;remains under subsolidus conditions. Volume and temperature of&nbsp;mantle plumes&nbsp;may have been overestimated, because contributions from the recycled oceanic crust is so large and the current mantle melting models concern only peridotite source.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00157-5","usgsCitation":"Takahahshi, E., Nakajima, K., and Wright, T., 1998, Origin of the Columbia River basalts: Melting model of a heterogeneous plume head: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00157-5.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"80","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basalts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.5751953125,\n              43.068887774169625\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.794921875,\n              41.73852846935917\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2236328125,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.630859375,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              40.29628651711716\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.093017578125,\n              41.623655390686395\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.3896484375,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.6748046875,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.806640625,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.93847656250001,\n              43.929549935614595\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"162","edition":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takahahshi, Eiichi","contributorId":221321,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takahahshi","given":"Eiichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nakajima, K","contributorId":219716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakajima","given":"K","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70270359,"text":"70270359 - 1998 - Sediment ingestion of two sympatric shorebird species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T15:57:19.69937","indexId":"70270359","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-11T10:53:15","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment ingestion of two sympatric shorebird species","docAbstract":"<p><span>Black-bellied plovers (</span><i>Pluvialis squatarola</i><span>) have short bills and primarily peck while foraging whereas&nbsp;Willets&nbsp;(</span><i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus</i><span>) have long bills and primarily probe with bills open in sediments. Intestinal&nbsp;digesta&nbsp;were collected from these species at sympatric overwintering sites in southern California near San Diego to relate sediment&nbsp;ingestion&nbsp;to bill length and feeding behavior. Plover digesta contained an estimated 29% sediment, and Willet digesta an estimated 3% sediment. Techniques based on acid insoluble ash and on the elemental markers of Al, Fe, and Ti in digesta provided similar results. High Ca concentrations in Willet digesta along with our observations suggested that the Willets in our sample fed primarily on molluscs and crustaceans. Sediment ingestion may be species-specific, not necessarily linked to bill length or probing behaviors, and may greatly affect a bird's exposure to environmental contaminants in sediment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00361-1","usgsCitation":"Hui, C.A., and Beyer, W.N., 1998, Sediment ingestion of two sympatric shorebird species: Science of the Total Environment, v. 224, no. 1-3, p. 227-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00361-1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494214,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hui, Clifford A.","contributorId":68252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hui","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":946181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyer, W. Nelson 0000-0002-8911-9141 nbeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":3301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W.","email":"nbeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Nelson","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207044,"text":"70207044 - 1998 - Deformation following the 1994 Northridge Earthquake (M=6.7), Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-27T14:47:29.497003","indexId":"70207044","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-04T11:47:20","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation following the 1994 Northridge Earthquake (M=6.7), Southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Following the 1994 M</span><sub>w</sub><span>=6.7 Northridge earthquake, a 65‐km‐long, north‐south array of 11 geodetic monuments was established across the rupture. The array was surveyed with GPS ten times in the 4.25 yr after the earthquake. Although there is evidence for modest nonlinear postseismic relaxation in the first few weeks after the Northridge earthquake, the deformation in the subsequent four years can be adequately described by constant station velocities. The observed S70°E velocity components are consistent with the deformation expected from steady strain accumulation on the San Andreas fault. The N20°E velocity components indicate that the southern Northridge fault block is moving almost as a unit N20°E with repect to the northern fault block, the motion being accommodated by a zone of convergence (width 20 km) at the north end of the Northridge rupture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/98GL02058","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., Svarc, J.L., Prescott, W., and Hudnut, K.W., 1998, Deformation following the 1994 Northridge Earthquake (M=6.7), Southern California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 14, p. 2725-2728, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL02058.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2725","endPage":"2728","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.46533203125,\n              33.95247360616282\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3612060546875,\n              33.95247360616282\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3612060546875,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.46533203125,\n              34.813803317113155\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.46533203125,\n              33.95247360616282\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":212736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207043,"text":"70207043 - 1998 - Deformation across the rupture zone of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, 1993–1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-26T15:43:30.29623","indexId":"70207043","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-04T11:36:23","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation across the rupture zone of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, 1993–1997","docAbstract":"<p><span>A linear array of 15 geodetic monuments was installed in 1993 across the rupture zone of the 1964 Alaska earthquake (</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 9.2). The array extends from Middleton Island (at the edge of the continental shelf and 80 km from the Alaska‐Aleutian trench) to north of Palmer, Alaska (380 km from the trench), in the approximate direction of Pacific‐North American plate convergence (N15.5°W). The array was surveyed in June 1993, May 1995, and June 1997. The changes between surveys are a measure of the deformation of the continental margin across the subduction zone in southern Alaska. Measured relative to the interior of the North American plate, the horizontal velocities on the outer plate margin are parallel to the direction of plate convergence (N15.5°W ) and reach a maximum (58 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) about 150 km from the trench. Beyond about 300 km from the trench the observed horizontal velocities are small. A narrow (halfwidth 50 km) zone of significant uplift (10 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;maximum) is observed about 300 km from the trench, coinciding roughly with the locus of maximum coseismic subsidence associated with the 1964 Alaska earthquake. Although the deformation is roughly described by the conventional model of deformation at a subduction zone (deformation due to virtual back slip on the main thrust zone at the 55 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;plate convergence rate), a better fit is given with a 65 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;virtual back (normal) slip rate. This higher rate is attributed to continued postseismic relaxation. The model does not explain the relatively high uplift rate and low N15.5°W velocity observed at Middleton Island. That anomalous motion is attributed to continued thrusting on postulated upward trending splays from the subduction zone beneath the island.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/98JB02048","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., Svarc, J.L., Prescott, W., and Gross, W., 1998, Deformation across the rupture zone of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, 1993–1997: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 103, no. 9, p. 21275-21283, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02048.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21275","endPage":"21283","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb02048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369900,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.279296875,\n              52.53627304145948\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.61328125,\n              52.53627304145948\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.61328125,\n              61.14323525084058\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.279296875,\n              61.14323525084058\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.279296875,\n              52.53627304145948\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, W.K.","contributorId":12624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"W.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1007899,"text":"1007899 - 1998 - Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-20T16:34:51.020656","indexId":"1007899","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field metabolic rates (FMRs, in kJ kg</span><sup>−1 </sup><span>day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and water flux rates (WIRs, in ml H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O kg</span><sup>−1 </sup><span>day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) of adult desert tortoises (</span><i>Gopherus agassizii</i><span>) in three parts of the Mojave Desert in California over a 3.5-year period, in order to develop insights into the physiological responses of this threatened species to climate variation among sites and years. FMR, WIR, and the water economy index (WEI, in ml H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O kJ</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, an indicator of drinking of free water) differed extensively among seasons, among study sites, between sexes, and among years. In high-rainfall years, males had higher FMRs than females. Average daily rates of energy and water use by desert tortoises were extraordinarily variable: 28-fold differences in FMR and 237-fold differences in WIR were measured. Some of this variation was due to seasonal conditions, with rates being low during cold winter months and higher in the warm seasons. However, much of the variation was due to responses to year-to-year variation in rainfall. Annual spring peaks in FMR and WIR were higher in wet years than in drought years. Site differences in seasonal patterns were apparently due to geographic differences in rainfall patterns (more summer rain at eastern Mojave sites). In spring 1992, during an El Niño (ENSO) event, the WEI was greater than the maximal value obtainable from consuming succulent vegetation, indicating copious drinking of rainwater at that time. The physiological and behavioral flexibility of desert tortoises, evident in individuals living at all three study sites, appears central to their ability to survive droughts and benefit from periods of resource abundance. The strong effects of the El Niño (ENSO) weather pattern on tortoise physiology, reproduction, and survival elucidated in this and other studies suggest that local manifestations of global climate events could have a long-term influence on the tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s004420050669","usgsCitation":"Henen, B., Peterson, C., Wallis, I., Berry, K., and Nagy, K., 1998, Effects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoises: Oecologia, v. 117, no. 3, p. 365-373, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050669.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"373","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.10088794831762,\n              35.37550992939249\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.10088794831762,\n              34.82612300362953\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.79986279961601,\n              34.82612300362953\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.79986279961601,\n              35.37550992939249\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.10088794831762,\n              35.37550992939249\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"117","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henen, B.T.","contributorId":67457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henen","given":"B.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, C.C.","contributorId":24725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallis, I.R.","contributorId":80612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallis","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berry, K.H.","contributorId":17934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagy, K.A.","contributorId":39727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagy","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70210153,"text":"70210153 - 1998 - Weakness of the lower continental crust: A condition for delamination, uplift, and escape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-19T12:15:52.656549","indexId":"70210153","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-03T08:50:27","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weakness of the lower continental crust: A condition for delamination, uplift, and escape","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id12\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id13\"><p>We discuss three interconnected processes that occur during continental compression and extension: delamination of the lower crust and sub-crustal lithosphere, escape tectonics (i.e., lateral crustal flow), and crustal uplift. We combine calculations of lithospheric viscosity–depth curves with geologic observations and seismic images of the deep crust to infer the mechanisms controlling these processes. The basic driving force for delamination is the negative buoyancy (in some regions) of the continental lower crust and sub-crustal lithosphere with respect to the warm, mobile asthenosphere. A phase transformation in the lower crust from mafic granulite facies to eclogite may be important for providing negative buoyancy. Where negative buoyancy exists, the onset of delamination is mainly a question of the presence of a suitable decoupling zone between the denser lithosphere and the lighter upper and middle crust. We estimate the depth to potential decoupling zones by calculating lithospheric viscosity–depth curves based on reasonable geotherms and models of lithospheric composition. Low-viscosity zones occur at three depths: (1) at the base of the felsic (upper) crust; (2) within the lower crust; and (3) several tens of kilometers below the Moho. The commonly observed absence of a high-velocity (&gt;6.8 km/s) lower crustal layer beneath extended crust may be explained by delamination wherein decoupling occurs at the top of the lower crust. In addition to being zones of potential decoupling, crustal low-viscosity zones are avenues for lateral crustal flow, a process that is often referred to as crustal escape (e.g., eastern Tibetan Plateau). The third process addressed here, crustal uplift, is mainly found in compressional environments and can be related to mature (i.e., complete or nearly complete) delamination and/or a thick low-viscosity lower crust. Mature delamination generates crustal uplift as the sinking, dense lithosphere is replaced by the mobilized hot asthenosphere. A very different mechanism of uplift is associated with some continental high plateaus, where a high convergence rate and the lateral intrusion of cold, rigid shield crust into warm, low-viscosity orogenic crust acts like a solid piston moving into hydraulic fluid. The displacement of the low-viscosity crustal `fluid' generates broad plateau uplifts. Modern examples are the intrusion of the Indian shield into the Tibetan Plateau and the Brazilian shield into the Andes. All of these processes, delamination, tectonic escape, and uplift are interconnected and are related to weakness in the lower crust during continental compression and extension.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00136-X","usgsCitation":"Meissner, R., and Mooney, W.D., 1998, Weakness of the lower continental crust: A condition for delamination, uplift, and escape: Tectonophysics, v. 296, no. 1-2, p. 47-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00136-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"296","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meissner, R.","contributorId":53563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meissner","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":789327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70216714,"text":"70216714 - 1998 - State of the River – A report on the condition of the Salt River watershed, Kentucky, and minor Ohio River tributaries in the area, November 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-02T14:38:58.530847","indexId":"70216714","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-02T08:33:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"State of the River – A report on the condition of the Salt River watershed, Kentucky, and minor Ohio River tributaries in the area, November 1998","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kentucky Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Shipp, A.A., 1998, State of the River – A report on the condition of the Salt River watershed, Kentucky, and minor Ohio River tributaries in the area, November 1998, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":380919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Water/Reports/Reports/BSR1-Salt.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Salt River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.45141601562499,\n              37.309014074275915\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74877929687499,\n              37.309014074275915\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.74877929687499,\n              38.950865400919994\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.45141601562499,\n              38.950865400919994\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.45141601562499,\n              37.309014074275915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shipp, Allison A. 0000-0003-2927-8893 aashipp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-8893","contributorId":338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shipp","given":"Allison","email":"aashipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169938,"text":"70169938 - 1998 - Occurrence of acetanilide herbicide metabolites in tile runoff and ground","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T15:27:43","indexId":"70169938","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T16:30:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Occurrence of acetanilide herbicide metabolites in tile runoff and ground","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"43rd Annual Midwest Groundwater Conference, Program Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"43rd Annual Midwest Groundwater Conference","conferenceDate":"October 12-14, 1998","conferenceLocation":"Lawrence, KS","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Kolpin, D., Kalkhoff, S., and Phillips, P.J., 1998, Occurrence of acetanilide herbicide metabolites in tile runoff and ground, <i>in</i> 43rd Annual Midwest Groundwater Conference, Program Abstracts, Lawrence, KS, October 12-14, 1998.","startPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fd012be4b0a6037df2c854","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223315,"text":"5223315 - 1998 - Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T15:56:58.979458","indexId":"5223315","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures","docAbstract":"<p>The tiger (<i>Panthera tigris</i>) is an endangered, large felid whose demographic status is poorly known across its distributional range in Asia. Previously applied methods for estimating tiger abundance, using total counts based on tracks, have proved unreliable. Lack of reliable data on tiger densities not only has constrained our ability to understand the ecological factors shaping communities of large, solitary felids, but also has undermined the effective conservation of these animals. In this paper, we describe the use of a field method proposed by<span>&nbsp;</span>Karanth (1995), which combines camera-trap photography, to identify individual tigers, with theoretically well-founded capture–recapture models. We developed a sampling design for camera-trapping and used the approach to estimate tiger population size and density in four representative tiger habitats in different parts of India. The field method worked well and provided data suitable for analysis using closed capture–recapture models. The results suggest the potential for applying this methodology to rigorously estimate abundances, survival rates, and other population parameters for tigers and other low-density, secretive animal species in which individuals can be identified based on natural markings.</p><p>Estimated probabilities of photo-capturing tigers present in the study sites ranged from 0.75 to 1.00. Estimated densities of tigers &gt;1 yr old ranged from 4.1 ± 1.31 to 16.8 ± 2.96 tigers/100 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>(mean ± 1<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"smallCaps\">se</span>). Simultaneously, we used line-transect sampling to determine that mean densities of principal tiger prey at these sites ranged from 56.1 to 63.8 ungulates/km<sup>2</sup>. Tiger densities appear to be positively associated with prey densities, except at one site influenced by tiger poaching. Our results generally support the prediction that relative abundances of large felid species may be governed primarily by the abundance and structure of their prey communities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Karanth, K.U., and Nichols, J.D., 1998, Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures: Ecology, v. 79, no. 8, p. 2852-2862, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2852:EOTDII]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2852","endPage":"2862","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","otherGeospatial":"National  Parks  of  Pench,  Kanha, Kaziranga, and Nagarahole","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              79.15,\n              21.85\n            ],\n            [\n              79.15,\n              21.633333\n            ],\n            [\n              79.366667,\n              21.633333\n            ],\n            [\n              79.366667,\n              21.85\n            ],\n            [\n              79.15,\n              21.85\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              80.47335851027304,\n              22.406860446581604\n            ],\n            [\n              80.47335851027304,\n              22.147194265273683\n            ],\n            [\n              80.76169250662917,\n              22.147194265273683\n            ],\n            [\n              80.76169250662917,\n              22.406860446581604\n            ],\n            [\n              80.47335851027304,\n              22.406860446581604\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              76,\n              12.25\n            ],\n            [\n              76,\n              11.85\n            ],\n            [\n              76.25,\n              11.85\n            ],\n            [\n              76.25,\n              12.25\n            ],\n            [\n              76,\n              12.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              93.667,\n              26.75\n            ],\n            [\n              93.1,\n              26.75\n            ],\n            [\n              93.1,\n              26.58\n            ],\n            [\n              93.667,\n              26.58\n            ],\n            [\n              93.667,\n              26.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb1fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karanth, K. Ullas","contributorId":6984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karanth","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ullas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223453,"text":"5223453 - 1998 - Are adult nonbreeders prudent parents?  The kittiwake model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:01:04.326204","indexId":"5223453","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T12:18:40","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are adult nonbreeders prudent parents?  The kittiwake model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding evolutionary consequences of intermittent breeding (nonbreeding in individuals that previously bred) requires investigation of the relationships between adult breeding state and two demographic parameters: survival probability and subsequent breeding probability. One major difficulty raised by comparing the demographic features of breeders and nonbreeders as estimated from capture–recapture data is that breeding state is often suspected to influence recapture or resighting probability. We used multistate capture–recapture models to test the hypothesis of equal recapture probabilities for breeding and nonbreeding Kittiwakes and found no evidence of an effect of breeding state on this parameter. The same method was used to test whether reproductive state affects survival probability. Nonbreeding individuals have lower survival rates than breeders. Moreover, nonbreeders have a higher probability of being nonbreeders the following year than do breeders. State-specific survival rates and transition probabilities vary from year to year, but temporal variations of survival and transition probabilities of breeders and nonbreeders are in parallel (on a logit scale). These inferences led us to conclude that nonbreeders tend to be lower quality individuals. The effect of sex was also investigated: males and females do not differ with respect to survival probabilities when reproductive state is taken into account. Similarly, there is no effect of sex on transition probabilities between reproductive states.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2917:AANPPT]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cam, E., Hines, J.E., Monnat, J.#., Nichols, J.D., and Danchin, E., 1998, Are adult nonbreeders prudent parents?  The kittiwake model: Ecology, v. 79, no. 8, p. 2917-2930, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2917:AANPPT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2917","endPage":"2930","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e488ae4b07f02db51c2ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cam, Emmanuelle","contributorId":78069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cam","given":"Emmanuelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monnat, J. #NAME?","contributorId":33019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monnat","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Danchin, Etienne","contributorId":69034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"Etienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70068731,"text":"70068731 - 1998 - Preliminary results from the investigation of the Pymatuning earthquake of September 25, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T10:00:04","indexId":"70068731","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T09:41:48","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3029,"text":"Pennsylvania Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary results from the investigation of the Pymatuning earthquake of September 25, 1998","docAbstract":"<p>The Pymatuning earthquake occurred on Friday, September 25, 1998, at 19:52:52 Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), or 3:52:52 p.m. EDT, near Jamestown, Pa., at the southern end of the Pymatuning Reservoir, which straddles the Ohio-Pennsylvania border. The National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) determined that the event had a magnitude of 5.2 mbLg (a magnitude scale used to measure the size of earthquakes that are regional distances away [100 to 1,000 km, or 60 to 600 mi]), an epicenter of 41.5°N latitude, 80.4°W longitude, and an estimated depth of 5 km (3 mi). One person was reported injured as a result of being thrown to the ground by the earthquake, and it caused minor damage to buildings and seriously disrupted many water wells in the GreenvilleJamestown, Pa., area. The earthquake was generally felt over an area of approximately 200,000 km<sup>2</sup> (77,230 mi<sup>2</sup>) throughout northern Ohio, western Pennsylvania and New York, and much of southern Ontario, Canada (see map on back cover). It was also felt as far west as Illinois and Wisconsin, as far east as New Jersey, Connecticut, and the District of Columbia, and as far south as Kentucky and Virginia. During the aftershock field investigation that commenced within 12 hours of the main shock, a World Wide Web site, <<i>http://groundmotion.cr.usgs.gov/pym/pym.htm</i>>, was established from the field headquarters. The web site was used not only to transmit investigation results to the world in near real time but also to receive information from the local community as new earthquake effects were reported. As of March 1999, at least 11 aftershocks have occurred, the largest being a magnitude 2.3.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The largest recent previous earthquake in the region was the northeastern Ohio (Leroy) earthquake of magnitude 5.0 that occurred on January 31, 1986, about 65 km (40 mi) west-northwest of the Pymatuning shock. This event was also felt by many of those who felt the Pymatuning earthquake. Similar to most of the seismicity east of the Rocky Mountains, earthquakes in the region are probably shallow (5 to 10 km, or 3 to 6 mi), and Seeber and Armbruster (1993) hypothesized that the earthquakes occurred along preexisting zones of weakness in Precambrian rocks. Wegweiser and others (1998) suggested that seismicity in northwestern Pennsylvania may be associated with the northwest-trending “cross-strike discontinuities” that are recognized in Paleozoic rocks and may represent reactivation of faults in the Precambrian basement. Using structure-contour maps constructed on the tops of lower Paleozoic strata, Alexandrowicz and Cole (1999) found evidence of preexisting northwest-striking faults in the epicentral region of the Pymatuning shock. The Harvard focal mechanism for the Pymatuning earthquake (a method used to infer the slip and orientation of the fault that generated an earthquake) indicates thrust faulting on a northwest striking plane, which is consistent with the regional northeast-southwest compressive stress regime observed in the area. Seeber and Armbruster (1993) plotted three prior earthquakes in the epicentral area having magnitudes greater than 3; two were instrumentally located near the Pymatuning earthquake, and the third event occurred 20 to 30 km (12 to 19 mi) to the northeast in 1852 (Figure 1).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pennsylvania Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey","usgsCitation":"Armbruster, J., Barton, H., Bodin, P., Buckwalter, T., Cox, J., Cranswick, E., Dewey, J., Fleeger, G., Hopper, M., Horton, S., Hoskins, D., Kilb, D., Meremonte, M., Metzger, A., Risser, D., Seeber, L., Shedlock, K., Stanley, K., Withers, M., and Zirbes, M., 1998, Preliminary results from the investigation of the Pymatuning earthquake of September 25, 1998: Pennsylvania Geology, v. 29, no. 4, p. 2-14.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280840,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/publications/pageolonline/Geology-Volumes22to31/index.htm"}],"country":"Canada;United States","state":"Connecticut;District of Columbia;Illinois;Kentucky;New Jersey;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Wisconsin;Virginia","city":"Greenville;Jamestown","otherGeospatial":"Ontario;Pymatuning Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.3,39.54 ], [ -87.3,45.48 ], [ -74.97,45.48 ], [ -74.97,39.54 ], [ -87.3,39.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6dbce4b0b29085105560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armbruster, John","contributorId":96996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armbruster","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Henry","contributorId":65759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buckwalter, Theodore","contributorId":77040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"Theodore","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cox, Jon","contributorId":86256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cranswick, Edward","contributorId":15611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dewey, James","contributorId":35621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fleeger, Gary","contributorId":57761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleeger","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hopper, Margaret","contributorId":104805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopper","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Horton, Stephen","contributorId":99882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hoskins, Donald","contributorId":105219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoskins","given":"Donald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kilb, Deborah","contributorId":76220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilb","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark","contributorId":56968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Metzger, Ann","contributorId":14293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Risser, Dennis","contributorId":19466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Seeber, Leonardo","contributorId":81133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeber","given":"Leonardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye","contributorId":62256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Stanley, Katherine","contributorId":106792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Withers, Mitchell","contributorId":29730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Withers","given":"Mitchell","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Zirbes, Madeleine","contributorId":42221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zirbes","given":"Madeleine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}}
,{"id":1015937,"text":"1015937 - 1998 - Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T15:53:22.037177","indexId":"1015937","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Riparian plants have been classified as “drought avoiders” due to their access to an abundant subsurface water supply. Recent water-relations research that tracks water sources of riparian plants using the stable isotopes of water suggests that many plants of the riparian zone use ground water rather than stream water, and not all riparian plants are obligate phreatophytes (dependent on ground water as a moisture source) but may occasionally be dependent on unsaturated soil moisture sources. A more thorough understanding of riparian plant-water relations must include water-source dynamics and how those dynamics vary over both space and time. Many rivers in the desert, Southwest have been invaded by the exotic shrub </span><i>Tamarix ramosissima</i><span>&nbsp;(saltcedar). Our studies of </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;invasion into habitats formerly dominated by native riparian forests of primarily </span><i>Populus</i><span>&nbsp;and </span><i>Salix</i><span>&nbsp;have shown that </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;successfully invades these habitats because of its (1) greater tolerance to water stress and salinity, (2) status, as a facultative, rather than obligate, phreatophyte and, therefore, its ability to recover from droughts and periods of ground-water drawdown, and (3) superior regrowth after fire. Analysis of water-loss rates indicate that </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>-dominated stands can have extremely high evapotranspiration rates when water tables are high but not necessarily when water tables are lower.</span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;has leaf-level transpiration rates that are comparable to native species, whereas sap-flow rates per unit sapwood area are higher than in natives, suggesting that </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;maintains higher leaf area than can natives, probably due to its greater water stress tolerance. </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;desiccates and salinizes floodplains, due to its salt exudation and high transpiration rates, and may also accelerate fire cycles, thus predisposing these ecosystems to further loss of native taxa. Riparian species on regulated rivers can be exposed to seasonal water stress due to depression of floodplain water tables and elimination of annual floods. This can potentially result in a community shift toward more stress-tolerant taxa, such as </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>, due to the inability of other riparian species to germinate and establish in the desiccated floodplain environment Management efforts aimed at maintaining native forests on regulated rivers and slowing the spread of </span><i>Tamarix</i><span>&nbsp;invasion must include at least partial reintroduction of historical flow, regimes, which favor the recruitment of native riparian species and reverse long-term desiccation of desert floodplain environments.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161683","usgsCitation":"Smith, S., Devitt, D.A., Cleverly, J.R., Sala, A., and Busch, D.E., 1998, Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 687-696, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161683.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"687","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"southwestern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.95147054475518,\n              42.20675468423636\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.95147054475518,\n              31.556400851979703\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.07501139474567,\n              31.556400851979703\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.07501139474567,\n              42.20675468423636\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.95147054475518,\n              42.20675468423636\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7c37e4b0b2908510e9b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, S.D.","contributorId":49749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Devitt, Dale A.","contributorId":32496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devitt","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cleverly, James R.","contributorId":100345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleverly","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sala, Anna","contributorId":370439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sala","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":22042,"text":"ofr98210 - 1998 - Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T10:24:02","indexId":"ofr98210","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-210","title":"Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>Core samples, cuttings, and numerous geophysical logs obtained from the 1560 ft (475.5 m) core hole drilled at 98th Street on the west side of Albuquerque provide key stratigraphic and hydraulicproperty information for the upper clastic sediments of the Santa Fe Group, which form the principal aquifer in the region. The core hole and an adjacent water-level monitoring well were drilled cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the City of Albuquerque and investigated in collaboration with the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources and the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer to improve understanding of aquifer characteristics and controls on ground-water availability and quality. The 751.5 ft (229 m) of core samples recovered from the core hole are the only undisturbed samples of nonlithified sediments of the upper part of the Santa Fe Group that have been collected in this area. These samples have allowed us, for the first time, to directly observe and characterize the lithic and sedimentologic features of this part of the section, and to correlate the detailed geologic features with geophysical-log characteristics, magnetic susceptibility measurements, hydraulic variables, and trace-element geochemistry. The adjacent well was designed to be an areally representative ground-water level and water-quality monitoring well for the Santa Fe Group aquifer. This report chiefly addresses the lithologic, stratigraphic, and hydrogeologic features determined from the 98th Street core hole; other reports address related characteristics.</p><p>Previous geologic studies predicted the stratigraphy at the site to be, from the land surface downward: 1) Quaternary alluvial and eolian valley-border sediments; 2) fluvial sand and gravel of the upper unit of the Santa Fe Group (Ceja Member of the Santa Fe Formation of Kelly, 1978; equivalent to the Sierra Ledrones Formation of Machette (1978a); 3) downward-fining basin-floor silty clay deposits and 4) fluvial sandy and silty facies of the middle unit of the Santa Fe Group (the Middle Red Member of Bryan and McCann, 1937, and Lambert, 1968). New geologic interpretations indicate that the drill site is in a fault block bounded by east-dipping normal faults and the oblique Atrisco-Rincon fault zone.</p><p>Core-hole sampling recovered 760.6 ft (231.8 m) of core, in core segments 2.1-2.375 in. (5.3-6 cm) in diameter, and 0.2-10 ft (6.1 cm-3 m) long. The core hole was cased with centered 3-in. PVC casing, and is available for geophysical logging. The monitoring-well hole contains four piezometers at depths of 1544 ft (470.6 m), 1112 ft (338.9 m), 749 ft (228.3 m), and 458 ft (139.6 m).</p><p>Sediments in the core are loose to weakly cemented gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and lithified sandstone. Laboratory analyses of particle-size distributions of 28 channel samples show that most silty sand samples are uniformly graded and poorly sorted; medium sand samples are moderately sorted. Six principal sediment types are used to describe the core; these sediment types are repeated in various combinations throughout the core and are used to define 22 lithologic units in the cored interval. The six principal sediment types contain sequences of beds having similar modal grain size and sedimentary structure, and are listed in decreasing abundance:</p><p>1) Silty fine sand, poorly sorted, containing a coarse silt matrix. Geophysical logs show highly variable baselines with deflections that are related to clay beds and sequences of silt, clay, and sorted fine sand. Density values of 2.12-2.25 g/cc and porosity values of 30-35 percent are typical.</p><p>2) Medium sand, moderately to poorly sorted. Geophysical logs show baselines of low variability with deflections that are related to clay beds and sequences of silt, clay, and sorted fine sand. Density values of 2.05-2.20 g/cc and porosity values of 30-35 percent are typical.</p><p>3) Clayey sandy silt, poorly sorted, locally microlaminated clay and silt, generally nonplastic. Geophysical logs show highly variable baselines with deflections that are related to sequences of clay and fine sand. Density values of 2.1-2.2 g/cc and porosity values of 30-40 percent are typical.</p><p>4) Silt and clay, characteristically red to reddish brown and medium to high plasticity, massive to indistinctly microlaminated. Geophysical logs show variable baselines with broad, high-amplitude compound spikes that are related to sequences of silt and fine sand. Density values of 2.12-2.25 g/cc and porosity values of &gt;45 percent are typical.</p><p>5) Sand and gravel, poorly sorted. Geophysical logs show variable baselines with deflections that are related to sequences of silty and sorted fine sand.</p><p>6) Sandstone, fine-to-medium grained, poorly sorted, cemented chiefly by calcite, which fills the original pore space. Geophysical logs show density values &gt;2.25 g/cc and porosity values &lt;30 percent.</p><p>The 22 lithologic units are correlated with recognized basin-floor fluvial lithofacies (Hawley, 1996), which include sand and gravel (lithofacies I), sand with lenses of pebbly sand, silt, and silty clay (lithofacies II), and interbedded sand, silt, and silty clay (modified lithofacies III, IV, IX).</p><p>The sediments in the core hole are correlated with three informal lithostratigraphic units. The top unit, 0-19 ft (0-5.8 m) depth, consists of Quaternary eolian sand and valley-border alluvium. Coarsegrained deposits in the 19-97 ft (5.8-29.6 m) interval are correlated with the upper unit of the Santa Fe Group. The fine-grained section in the 97-787 ft (29.6-239.9 m) interval is correlated tentatively with the middle unit of the Santa Fe Group. This section contains thick sequences of laminated red and olivebrown clay and silt overbank deposits (441-787 ft) in the distinctive Atrisco member of Connell and others (1998). The Atrisco is correlated with fine-grained zones in numerous wells throughout the central Albuquerque metropolitan area, and is recognized as a zone that separates the upper Santa Fe aquifer from underlying middle Santa Fe deposits. The lower section of the middle unit of the Santa Fe, 787-1500 ft (239.9-457.2 m) depth, includes an upper sequence of moderately sorted channel-fill medium sand, and a lower sequence of sand, silt, and clay overbank deposits. The age of the cored interval is not known precisely. The upper Santa Fe gravel is related regionally to a through-flowing river system that was established in the Rio Grande rift valleys in Early Pliocene time, &gt;4.5 MA. The middle Santa Fe unit is dated tentatively by correlation with a fossiliferous section, in which sandy beds that directly underlie the upper Santa Fe are Late Miocene (Hemphellian), 4.6- 8.9 MA. Further, the middle Santa Fe unit, with dominantly normal magnetic polarity, may have been deposited during closely spaced normal magnetic chrons 5.9-8.3 Ma.</p><p>Four hydrostratigraphic units summarize the hydrogeologic framework for the 98th Street site: 1) Quaternary valley-border deposits, 2) upper Santa Fe sand and gravel deposits, 3) middle Santa Fe overbank deposits, and 4) middle Santa Fe channel-sand deposits. Empirical values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity estimated from core samples reveal a previously unknown contrast in hydraulic conductivity in the lowest two hydrostratigraphic units. Correlations among numerous wells show that the distinctively fine-grained Atrisco member, with estimated hydraulic conductivities (K) of &lt;0.02-17 ft/day, is a laterally extensive barrier to vertical ground-water flow. The underlying unit that contains moderately sorted medium sand is a potential aquifer production zone that should be investigated further.</p><p>Laboratory determination of vertical hydraulic conductivity values for fine-grained core samples range from 10<sup>-2</sup> to 10<sup>-7</sup> ft/day; recompacted sandy samples have K values of 1 to 10<sup>-2</sup> ft/day. Results of tests conducted with increasing effective stress show that K values of all samples decrease with decreasing porosity. Comparison of K values from laboratory, empirical, and calculated geophysical values shows discrepancies of 1-3 orders of magnitude (ft/day), indicating that additional analyses of core samples and geophysical data are necessary for future characterization of the Santa Fe Group aquifer.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98210","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., Allen, B.D., Mikolas, M., Haneberg, W.C., Hawley, J.W., Johnson, P.S., Alfred, B., and Thorn, C.R., 1998, Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-210, iv, 82 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98210.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              34.99850370014629\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61407470703125,\n              34.99850370014629\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.61407470703125,\n              35.252348097623354\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              35.252348097623354\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.875,\n              34.99850370014629\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Bruce D.","contributorId":70568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikolas, Marlo","contributorId":97522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikolas","given":"Marlo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haneberg, William C.","contributorId":57121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haneberg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hawley, John W.","contributorId":195787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alfred, Barry","contributorId":57482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alfred","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thorn, Conde R.","contributorId":88397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Conde","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70020362,"text":"70020362 - 1998 - Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T16:59:49.631131","indexId":"70020362","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The disturbance patches most suitable for seedling establishment of pioneer riparian trees are also subject to future disturbances that produce high seedling mortality. We are monitoring plains cottonwood seedling establishment and mortality along the Wild and Scenic reach of the Missouri River upstream of Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana at four sites subject to livestock grazing and four paired, ungrazed enclosures. New seedlings at these sites were largely restricted to surfaces inundated by spring and summer flows. Winter ice drives and livestock grazing are important mortality factors along the study reach. Livestock grazing reduced seedling densities, although the position of these seedlings in normal flow years means it is unlikely that they will survive future disturbance. Average values of the maximum density parameter of a Gaussian curve of seedling distribution along a hydraulic gradient of inundating discharge were 30 and 114 seedlings/m<sup>2</sup> on ungrazed sites in 1996 and 1997, compared to 19 and 18 seedlings/m<sup>2</sup> for grazed sites. Water-surface elevations produced by ice drives and damming in the severe winter of 1995-1996 corresponded to inundating discharges of 1,670 to 4,580 m<sup>3</sup>/s. No existing trees at the study sites occurred at inundating discharges below 1,625 m<sup>3</sup>/s. Seedlings established as a result of maximum summer flows of 827 and 1,201 m<sup>3</sup>/s in 1996 and 1997 were all below the elevation of the 10-year return flow of 1,495 m<sup>3/</sup>s. Recruitment of plains cottonwood trees along this reach of the Missouri River is strongly dependent on infrequent high flows that position moist, bare disturbed patches high enough for seedlings to establish and survive subsequent flooding and ice scour, in contrast to other reaches and streams where hydrogeomorphic processes of channel meandering and narrowing produce different patterns of disturbance patches.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161671","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Auble, G., and Scott, M.L., 1998, Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161671.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.92628305017867,\n              47.903147756507934\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.92628305017867,\n              47.64082951225231\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.47796833552991,\n              47.64082951225231\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.47796833552991,\n              47.903147756507934\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.92628305017867,\n              47.903147756507934\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a129ae4b0c8380cd54387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020225,"text":"70020225 - 1998 - Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T16:48:26.384486","indexId":"70020225","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>A fluvial island is a landform, elevated above and surrounded by stream-channel branches or waterways, that persists sufficiently long to establish permanent vegetation. Natural fluvial islands occur in any part of a drainage network but most commonly in montane, piedmont-valley, and coastal flood-plain environments. Processes, often interactive, by which islands form include avulsion (the sudden separation of land by a flood or by an abrupt change in the course of a stream), rapid and gradual channel incision, channel migration, dissection of both rapidly and slowly deposited bed sediment, and deposition of bed sediment on a vegetated surface or behind a channel obstruction. Products of high-energy conditions, fluvial islands typically lack stability over decades to millennia. Fluvial islands in Plum Creek, Colorado, USA, results of sorting processes following a recent high-magnitude flood, and in the Snake River, Idaho, USA, partly results of the Pleistocene Bonneville Flood, illustrate how islands form, develop, and disappear. The examples consider differing conditions of island shape, size, height, sediment, and vegetation.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161670","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., 1998, Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 530-545, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161670.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"545","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Plum Creek, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.09003131819495,\n              41.002128756386895\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.09003131819495,\n              37.016846313566646\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.00947113900793,\n              37.016846313566646\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.00947113900793,\n              41.002128756386895\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.09003131819495,\n              41.002128756386895\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.24843823325688,\n              48.91066949586963\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.86736668876071,\n              45.51877082146906\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.16583251424935,\n              44.44895123041692\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.09928153301303,\n              42.11372381039129\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7677670912039,\n              41.97748136755942\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.065780071836,\n              44.54224216525539\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.72694194252166,\n              44.71165417547654\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.10129328785891,\n              45.63543300199023\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.94702670880416,\n              46.55709533243129\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9885791591484,\n              47.224257998449445\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7151838956924,\n              48.96805136578291\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.24843823325688,\n              48.91066949586963\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8db8e4b0c8380cd7edb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23099,"text":"ofr98212 - 1998 - Cruise report, RV ocean alert cruise A1-98-HW; January 30 through February 23, 1998, Honolulu to Honolulu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T15:19:08","indexId":"ofr98212","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-212","title":"Cruise report, RV ocean alert cruise A1-98-HW; January 30 through February 23, 1998, Honolulu to Honolulu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The major objective of cruise A1-98 was to map portions of the insular slopes of Oahu, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii and to survey in detail US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ocean dumping sites using a Simrad EM300 high-resolution multibeam mapping system. The cruise was a jointly funded project between the US Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE), USEPA, and the US Geological Survey (USGS). The USACOE and EPA are interested in these areas because of a series of ocean dump sites off Oahu, Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii (Fig. 1) that require high-resolution base maps for site monitoring purposes. The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program has several on-going projects off Oahu and Maui that lack high-precision base maps for a variety of ongoing geological studies. The cruise was conducted under a Cooperative Agreement between the USGS and the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick, Canada.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98212","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with US Corps of Engineers, US Environmental Protection Agency, and Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J.V., and Hughes Clarke, J.E., 1998, Cruise report, RV ocean alert cruise A1-98-HW; January 30 through February 23, 1998, Honolulu to Honolulu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-212, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98212.","productDescription":"26 p.","numberOfPages":"28","temporalStart":"1998-01-30","temporalEnd":"1998-02-23","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1523,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52467,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0212/pdf/of98-212.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Honolulu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.2609,18.9108 ], [ -160.2609,22.2336 ], [ -154.8068,22.2336 ], [ -154.8068,18.9108 ], [ -160.2609,18.9108 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acee4b07f02db67f5de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":93035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hughes Clarke, John E.","contributorId":58676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes Clarke","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23562,"text":"ofr98232 - 1998 - Mining properties in Washington that were involved in the DMA, DMEA, OME Mineral Exploration Programs, 1950-1974","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-15T18:26:27.436793","indexId":"ofr98232","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-232","title":"Mining properties in Washington that were involved in the DMA, DMEA, OME Mineral Exploration Programs, 1950-1974","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThis report and accompanying map (Plate 1) presents information on the Defense\r\nMinerals Administration (DMA), Defense Minerals Exploration Administration\r\n(DMEA), and Office of Minerals Exploration (OME) mineral exploration programs in\r\nWashington. Under these programs, the federal government participated in the\r\nexploration costs for certain strategic and critical minerals. Federal funds for mineral exploration under the programs were available from 1950 to 1974, although limited funds for OME administrative work were continued until 1979.\r\n\r\nThe report reviews the three programs, associated regulations, administrative\r\nprocedures, and operational techniques. It also describes the various types of informative reports generated by the programs, lists mining properties in Washington that were involved in the exploration programs, and advises on location of compiled exploration information that resulted from the work.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98232","usgsCitation":"Kiilsgaard, T.H., 1998, Mining properties in Washington that were involved in the DMA, DMEA, OME Mineral Exploration Programs, 1950-1974: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-232, Report: 32 p.; Map: 25.24 × 20.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98232.","productDescription":"Report: 32 p.; Map: 25.24 × 20.99 inches","costCenters":[{"id":667,"text":"Western Region Geologic Information","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406776,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":70020357,"text":"70020357 - 1998 - An 85-year study of saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) demography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:21:57.201051","indexId":"70020357","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"An 85-year study of saguaro (<i>Carnegiea gigantea</i>) demography","title":"An 85-year study of saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) demography","docAbstract":"<p>The saguaro population in a 700-ha area at the Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona, was censused in 1908, one year after livestock were excluded. In 1964, four 10-ha plots were established within the original area to determine the effect of slope aspect on plant growth and demography. The plots were recensused in 1970 and 1993. We developed a model for determining saguaro age, using the growth rates of over 3000 plants from 1964 to 1970. The model was verified with 1993 data. Changes in population size and the estimated age structures were then used to infer regeneration trends.</p><p>Saguaro populations on all slope aspects nearly doubled since 1908. Yet, during the same period, relative abundances of saguaros remained higher on the south and east aspects than on the north and west aspects. Higher recruitment and survival of young plants rather than mortality of older ones are largely responsible for the differences between aspects.</p><p>The estimated age structures show large, multi-decadal fluctuations in saguaro regeneration. Prior to 1908, populations on all slopes experienced an extended period of decline beginning around the late 1860s. The recent surge in recruitment began in the 1920s and peaked in the 1970s. Populations currently are again in decline. Better regeneration generally corresponds with relatively wet conditions, and poorer regeneration with drier conditions. However, extended periods of decline often included episodes of relatively wet conditions (e.g., from the 1860s to the 1920s), indicating that other climatic and biotic factors also determine recruitment success. Establishment may have been suppressed by colder winters, livestock grazing, and rock quarrying.</p><p>This long-term study demonstrates that, despite low regeneration and population decline during much of the last two centuries, saguaros have persisted on Tumamoc Hill because of episodic surges in seedling establishment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2676:AYSOSC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pierson, E., and Turner, R., 1998, An 85-year study of saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) demography: Ecology, v. 79, no. 8, p. 2676-2693, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2676:AYSOSC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2676","endPage":"2693","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cde4b0c8380cd4847d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":48142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Raymond M.","contributorId":7383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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