No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974060","usgsCitation":"Kahle, S.C., 1998, Hydrogeology of Naval Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4060, Report: vi, 107 p.; 7 Plates: 23.00 × 46.75 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974060.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 107 p.; 7 Plates: 23.00 × 46.75 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56766,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56765,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56764,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56771,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395804,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49281.htm"},{"id":120147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56768,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56767,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56770,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56769,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4060/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County","otherGeospatial":"Naval Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.79144287109375,\n 47.68203210030427\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 47.68203210030427\n ],\n [\n -122.64312744140624,\n 47.85740289465826\n ],\n [\n -122.79144287109375,\n 47.85740289465826\n ],\n [\n -122.79144287109375,\n 47.68203210030427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4919e4b0b290850eee31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kahle, S. C.","contributorId":46992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24862,"text":"ofr98231 - 1998 - Audio-magnetotelluric data collected in the Beatty, Nevada area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr98231","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-231","title":"Audio-magnetotelluric data collected in the Beatty, Nevada area","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98231","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.M., 1998, Audio-magnetotelluric data collected in the Beatty, Nevada area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-231, 148 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98231.","productDescription":"148 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668dbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J. M.","contributorId":91142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24851,"text":"ofr9821 - 1998 - Streamflow statistics of selected streams in the lower Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T12:12:41","indexId":"ofr9821","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-21","title":"Streamflow statistics of selected streams in the lower Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of streamflow data through water year 1994 for selected active and discontinued U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations for the Red River of the North Basin downstream of Halstad, Minnesota, to and including Emerson, Manitoba, are presented in this report. The summaries for each streamflow-gaging station include (1) station description, (2) graph of the annual mean discharge for the period of record, (3) statistics of monthly and annual mean discharges, (4) graph of the annual flow duration, (5) monthly and annual flow duration, (6) probability of occurrence of annual high discharges, (7) probability of occurrence of annual low discharges, (8) probability of occurrence of seasonal low discharges, (9) annual peak discharge and corresponding gage height for the period of record, and (10) monthly and annual mean discharges for the period of record.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9821","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams-Sether, T., and Wiche, G.J., 1998, Streamflow statistics of selected streams in the lower Red River of the North basin, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Manitoba: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-21, vi, 407 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9821.","productDescription":"vi, 407 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0021/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53849,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams-Sether, Tara 0000-0001-6515-9416 tjsether@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-9416","contributorId":152247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams-Sether","given":"Tara","email":"tjsether@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21854,"text":"ofr98147 - 1998 - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Summary 92. Part 1, seismic data, January to December 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T20:17:20.276563","indexId":"ofr98147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-147","title":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Summary 92. Part 1, seismic data, January to December 1992","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98147","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Nakata, J.S., Tomori, A., Tanigawa, W.R., Okubo, P.G., Mattox, T.N., Heliker, C., Mangan, M.T., and Keszthelyi, L.P., 1998, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Summary 92. Part 1, seismic data, January to December 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-147, i, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98147.","productDescription":"i, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391357,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19425.htm"},{"id":51334,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0147/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0147/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.417,\n 19.217\n ],\n [\n -154.933,\n 19.217\n ],\n [\n -154.933,\n 19.55\n ],\n [\n -155.417,\n 19.55\n ],\n [\n -155.417,\n 19.217\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f1d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakata, J. S.","contributorId":23940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomori, A. H.","contributorId":24780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomori","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanigawa, W. R.","contributorId":12849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanigawa","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Okubo, P. G. 0000-0002-0381-6051","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6051","contributorId":95899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattox, T. N.","contributorId":55450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattox","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heliker, C. C.","contributorId":70753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"C. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mangan, M. T.","contributorId":10438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L. P.","contributorId":9291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70020472,"text":"70020472 - 1998 - Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California Sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T22:06:13.902558","indexId":"70020472","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California Sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic data for two sections of Cretaceous forearc strata with different structural attitudes on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands in Baja California Sur, Mexico, indicate that these rocks have been remagnetized, probably during the late Cenozoic. The in situ paleomagnetic directions, however, are similar to data from other Cretaceous rocks on peninsular California with unexpectedly shallow inclinations and easterly declinations. These data have been interpreted as indicating either northward tectonic transport (10°–15° of latitude) and clockwise rotation (>20°) or compaction shallowing of magnetic inclinations in sedimentary rocks combined with southwestward tilting of plutonic rocks. The available paleomagnetic data for Cretaceous forearc strata in southern and Baja California can be divided into three groups: (1) sections with normal-polarity magnetizations that fail fold tests and are remagnetized, (2) sections with normal-polarity magnetizations with no or inconclusive fold tests that may or may not be remagnetized, and (3) sections with both normal-and reversed-polarity intervals where pervasive remagnetization has not occurred. Other rocks of the Mesozoic Great Valley Group, Coast Range ophiolite, and Franciscan Complex in California also have secondary magnetizations with directions similar to younger geomagnetic field directions. Although these widespread remagnetizations could have variable local causes, we propose regional burial and uplift, related to changes in subduction parameters, as a possible explanation. Two episodes of remagnetization are apparent: one in the Late Cretaceous and a second in the late Cenozoic. On the other hand, the unremagnetized and apparently reliable data from sedimentary and plutonic rocks on the Baja Peninsula consistently indicate northward translation (14° ± 3°) and clockwise rotation (29° ± 8°) with respect to North America since the Late Cretaceous.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998TC900009","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J.T., and Sedlock, R., 1998, Remagnetization of Cretaceous forearc strata on Santa Margarita and Magdalena Islands, Baja California Sur: Implications for northward transport along the California margin: Tectonics, v. 17, no. 6, p. 872-882, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998TC900009.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"882","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":495368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1998tc900009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Baja California Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.70185940622781,\n 33.151290779398266\n ],\n [\n -115.59664160892235,\n 27.780197101230065\n ],\n [\n -112.17325709258446,\n 23.15499868582843\n ],\n [\n -108.68162498599224,\n 22.209168374197077\n ],\n [\n -113.35496268896472,\n 32.47978663924344\n ],\n [\n -117.70185940622781,\n 33.151290779398266\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6bfe4b0c8380cd8501e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":386342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedlock, R.L.","contributorId":76902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedlock","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5533,"text":"fs07198 - 1998 - Monitoring cyclical changes in U.S. metals activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"fs07198","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"071-98","title":"Monitoring cyclical changes in U.S. metals activity","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs07198","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Monitoring cyclical changes in U.S. metals activity: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 071-98, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07198.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs71-98/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32091,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69917f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30215,"text":"wri974116 - 1998 - Ground water resources of the Mille Lacs Lake area, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T12:28:00","indexId":"wri974116","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4116","title":"Ground water resources of the Mille Lacs Lake area, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Mille Lacs Lake study area is a 960 mi2 area containing the ground-water and surface-water drainages to both Mille Lacs Lake and the first 12 miles of the Rum River. Within this study area, available ground water occurs in saturated, overlapping, discontinuous, partially-connected, glacially-deposited (hereinafter, glacial) aquifers and in bedrock aquifers. No extensive glacial aquifer could be delineated. Surficial aquifers generally are less than 30 feet thick, but may exceed 78 feet. Lake Onamia is hydraulically connected with surficial aquifers on its north and south sides. Ground water enters Lake Onamia from an adjacent surficial aquifer with a hydraulic head of 1.56 feet near its eastern shore.
\nGlacial aquifers buried beneath till form the uppermost confined (hereinafter, buried) aquifers and generally are from 3 to 15 feet thick, but may be as much as 118 feet thick. These buried aquifers generally occur beneath 10 to 60 feet of till and clay, but it may be as thick as 208 feet. Individual aquifers can be partially buried by till and therefore may contain surficial and buried areas. Most buried aquifers are isolated or only partially connected to other aquifers. Recharge water moves horizontally and vertically through other aquifers and through confining units to reach these buried aquifers. Discharge from these aquifers is through well withdrawals, flow to surface-water bodies, and leakage to other aquifers. Buried aquifers may yield as much as 500 gallons per minute in some locations. In most areas, the specific capacity of these aquifers is less than 1 gallon per minute per foot but may reach 41.6 gallons per minute per foot.
\nGround water from all aquifers is of the calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Iron, manganese, and sodium in this ground water frequently exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards and health advisories. The sodium health advisory was exceeded in 15 percent of samples.
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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov/
The timely warning of a flood is crucial to the protection of lives and property. One has only to recall the flood of August 2, 1973, in Somerset County, New Jersey, in which six lives were lost and major property damage occurred, to realize how unexpected and costly, especially in terms of human life, a flood can be. Accurate forecasts and warnings cannot be made, however, without detailed information about precipitation and streamflow in the drainage basin.
Recognizing the need for detailed hydrologic information for Somerset County, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with Somerset County, installed the Somerset County Flood Information System (SCFIS) in 1990. The availability of data provided by this system will improve the flood forecasting ability of the National Weather Service (NWS), and has assisted Somerset County and municipal agencies in planning and execution of flood-preparation and emergency evacuation procedures in the county.
This fact sheet describes the Somerset County Flood Information System and identifies its benefits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs09098","usgsCitation":"Summer, W.M., 1998, Somerset County Flood Information System: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 090-98, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09098.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34192,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0090/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":925,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0090/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0090/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Somerset 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New Jersey Water Science Center
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
609–771–3900
http://nj.usgs.gov/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2175","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A.E., Horton, J.W., and Clarke, J., 1998, Geologic map of the Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle, South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2175, Report: 12 p.; 2 Plates: 56.00 x 41.00 inches and 50.50 x 41.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2175.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 2 Plates: 56.00 x 41.00 inches and 50.50 x 41.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108320,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13044.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13044"},{"id":91593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91592,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2175/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91591,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2175/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188116,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2175/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Greenville 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,34 ], [ -84,35 ], [ -82,35 ], [ -82,34 ], [ -84,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6981df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, A. E.","contributorId":73219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":81184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wright","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarke, J. W.","contributorId":34123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":64873,"text":"i2586 - 1998 - Mapping time-dependent changes in soil-slip-debris-flow probability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-25T22:29:58.581197","indexId":"i2586","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2586","title":"Mapping time-dependent changes in soil-slip-debris-flow probability","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2586","isbn":"0607909358","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R.H., Bernknopf, R., and Soller, D.R., 1998, Mapping time-dependent changes in soil-slip-debris-flow probability: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2586, Report: 16 p.; 1 Plate: 41.00 × 56.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2586.","productDescription":"Report: 16 p.; 1 Plate: 41.00 × 56.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":91456,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2586/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91455,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2586/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":189849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2586/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":108331,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13058.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13058"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.875\n ],\n [\n -122.188,\n 37.875\n ],\n [\n -122.188,\n 37.812\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.812\n ],\n [\n -122.25,\n 37.875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0be4b07f02db69ddca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, R. 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Samples of liver tissue were analysed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc. Blood was analysed for lead, mercury and selenium. Most of the 21 adults examined at necropsy were emaciated with empty gizzards, and no ingested shotgun pellets or other metal were found in any of the birds. Three adult females had a combination of lesions and tissue lead residues characteristic of lead poisoning. Two of these birds had acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal epithelial cells and high concentrations of lead (73.4 and 73.3 ppm; all liver residues reported on dry weight basis) in their livers. The third was emaciated with a liver lead concentration of 47.9 ppm. An adult male had a liver lead concentration of 81.7 ppm, which is consistent with severe clinical poisoning. Two other adults, one male and one female, had liver lead concentrations of 14.2 and 8.03 ppm, respectively. Lead concentrations in the blood of hens ranged from 0.11 to 0.63 ppm wet weight. Selenium residues of A?60 ppm were found in the livers of five adult males. Selenium concentrations in the blood of hens ranged from 1.18 to 3.39 ppm wet weight. Arsenic concentrations of 27.5-38.5 ppm were detected in the livers of four adult females. Detectable concentrations of selenium, mercury and molybdenum were found more frequently in the livers of adult males arriving on the breeding grounds than in incubating females, while the reverse was true for arsenic, lead and chromium. Mean concentrations of selenium, copper and molybdenum were higher in the livers of arriving males than in the livers of incubating hens, but hens had greater concentrations of iron and magnesium. Concentrations of trace elements were lower in the livers of ducklings than in the livers of adults.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nordic Society Oikos","doi":"10.2981/wlb.1998.022","usgsCitation":"Hollmén, T., Franson, J.C., Poppenga, R., Hario, M., and Kilpi, M., 1998, Lead poisoning and trace elements in common eiders Somateria mollissima from Finland: Wildlife Biology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 193-203, https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1998.022.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"203","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135708,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Finland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[28.59193,69.06478],[28.44594,68.36461],[29.97743,67.6983],[29.05459,66.94429],[30.21765,65.80598],[29.54443,64.94867],[30.44468,64.20445],[30.03587,63.55281],[31.51609,62.86769],[31.13999,62.35769],[30.21111,61.78003],[28.07,60.50352],[26.25517,60.42396],[24.49662,60.05732],[22.86969,59.84637],[22.29076,60.39192],[21.32224,60.72017],[21.54487,61.70533],[21.05921,62.60739],[21.53603,63.18974],[22.44274,63.81781],[24.73051,64.90234],[25.39807,65.11143],[25.29404,65.53435],[23.90338,66.00693],[23.56588,66.39605],[23.53947,67.93601],[21.97853,68.61685],[20.64559,69.10625],[21.24494,69.37044],[22.35624,68.84174],[23.66205,68.89125],[24.73568,68.64956],[25.68921,69.09211],[26.17962,69.8253],[27.73229,70.16419],[29.01557,69.76649],[28.59193,69.06478]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Finland\"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a85ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hollmén, Tuula E.","contributorId":32112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollmén","given":"Tuula E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poppenga, R.H.","contributorId":86308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hario, Martti","contributorId":31340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hario","given":"Martti","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kilpi, Mikaei","contributorId":102428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpi","given":"Mikaei","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":32055,"text":"ofr98238B - 1998 - Bibliography pertaining to the Ozark Mississippi valley-type metallogenic province, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, USA, covering 1785 to February 1998; CD-ROM edition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T14:28:00.388252","indexId":"ofr98238B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-238","chapter":"B","title":"Bibliography pertaining to the Ozark Mississippi valley-type metallogenic province, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, USA, covering 1785 to February 1998; CD-ROM edition","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98238B","usgsCitation":"McClung, C., Bair, D., and Leach, D.L., 1998, Bibliography pertaining to the Ozark Mississippi valley-type metallogenic province, Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, and Oklahoma, USA, covering 1785 to February 1998; CD-ROM edition: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-238, 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98238B.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":482663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0238-b/ofr98238.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626d62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McClung, Craig","contributorId":18804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClung","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bair, Dorinda","contributorId":99182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bair","given":"Dorinda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leach, David L.","contributorId":83902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020362,"text":"70020362 - 1998 - Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T16:59:49.631131","indexId":"70020362","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana","docAbstract":"The disturbance patches most suitable for seedling establishment of pioneer riparian trees are also subject to future disturbances that produce high seedling mortality. We are monitoring plains cottonwood seedling establishment and mortality along the Wild and Scenic reach of the Missouri River upstream of Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana at four sites subject to livestock grazing and four paired, ungrazed enclosures. New seedlings at these sites were largely restricted to surfaces inundated by spring and summer flows. Winter ice drives and livestock grazing are important mortality factors along the study reach. Livestock grazing reduced seedling densities, although the position of these seedlings in normal flow years means it is unlikely that they will survive future disturbance. Average values of the maximum density parameter of a Gaussian curve of seedling distribution along a hydraulic gradient of inundating discharge were 30 and 114 seedlings/m2 on ungrazed sites in 1996 and 1997, compared to 19 and 18 seedlings/m2 for grazed sites. Water-surface elevations produced by ice drives and damming in the severe winter of 1995-1996 corresponded to inundating discharges of 1,670 to 4,580 m3/s. No existing trees at the study sites occurred at inundating discharges below 1,625 m3/s. Seedlings established as a result of maximum summer flows of 827 and 1,201 m3/s in 1996 and 1997 were all below the elevation of the 10-year return flow of 1,495 m3/s. Recruitment of plains cottonwood trees along this reach of the Missouri River is strongly dependent on infrequent high flows that position moist, bare disturbed patches high enough for seedlings to establish and survive subsequent flooding and ice scour, in contrast to other reaches and streams where hydrogeomorphic processes of channel meandering and narrowing produce different patterns of disturbance patches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161671","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Auble, G., and Scott, M.L., 1998, Fluvial disturbance patches and cottonwood recruitment along the upper Missouri River, Montana: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161671.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.92628305017867,\n 47.903147756507934\n ],\n [\n -106.92628305017867,\n 47.64082951225231\n ],\n [\n -106.47796833552991,\n 47.64082951225231\n ],\n [\n -106.47796833552991,\n 47.903147756507934\n ],\n [\n -106.92628305017867,\n 47.903147756507934\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a129ae4b0c8380cd54387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020225,"text":"70020225 - 1998 - Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T16:48:26.384486","indexId":"70020225","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho","docAbstract":"A fluvial island is a landform, elevated above and surrounded by stream-channel branches or waterways, that persists sufficiently long to establish permanent vegetation. Natural fluvial islands occur in any part of a drainage network but most commonly in montane, piedmont-valley, and coastal flood-plain environments. Processes, often interactive, by which islands form include avulsion (the sudden separation of land by a flood or by an abrupt change in the course of a stream), rapid and gradual channel incision, channel migration, dissection of both rapidly and slowly deposited bed sediment, and deposition of bed sediment on a vegetated surface or behind a channel obstruction. Products of high-energy conditions, fluvial islands typically lack stability over decades to millennia. Fluvial islands in Plum Creek, Colorado, USA, results of sorting processes following a recent high-magnitude flood, and in the Snake River, Idaho, USA, partly results of the Pleistocene Bonneville Flood, illustrate how islands form, develop, and disappear. The examples consider differing conditions of island shape, size, height, sediment, and vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161670","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., 1998, Processes of fluvial island formation, with examples from Plum Creek, Colorado and Snake River, Idaho: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 530-545, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161670.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"545","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Plum Creek, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.09003131819495,\n 41.002128756386895\n ],\n [\n -109.09003131819495,\n 37.016846313566646\n ],\n [\n -102.00947113900793,\n 37.016846313566646\n ],\n [\n -102.00947113900793,\n 41.002128756386895\n ],\n [\n -109.09003131819495,\n 41.002128756386895\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.24843823325688,\n 48.91066949586963\n ],\n [\n -116.86736668876071,\n 45.51877082146906\n ],\n [\n -117.16583251424935,\n 44.44895123041692\n ],\n [\n -117.09928153301303,\n 42.11372381039129\n ],\n [\n -110.7677670912039,\n 41.97748136755942\n ],\n [\n -111.065780071836,\n 44.54224216525539\n ],\n [\n -112.72694194252166,\n 44.71165417547654\n ],\n [\n -114.10129328785891,\n 45.63543300199023\n ],\n [\n -113.94702670880416,\n 46.55709533243129\n ],\n [\n -114.9885791591484,\n 47.224257998449445\n ],\n [\n -115.7151838956924,\n 48.96805136578291\n ],\n [\n -117.24843823325688,\n 48.91066949586963\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8db8e4b0c8380cd7edb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. 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(some col.) ;4 3/4 in., in plastic box (13 x 15 x 1 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98225.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :ill. 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B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22348,"text":"ofr98144 - 1998 - Annotated bibliography of selected references on site design, environmental factors and regulations, and land use planning in mined land reclamation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr98144","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-144","title":"Annotated bibliography of selected references on site design, environmental factors and regulations, and land use planning in mined land reclamation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98144","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Arbogast, B., 1998, Annotated bibliography of selected references on site design, environmental factors and regulations, and land use planning in mined land reclamation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-144, 33 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98144.","productDescription":"33 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0144/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51754,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arbogast, B. F.","contributorId":60623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arbogast","given":"B. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020247,"text":"70020247 - 1998 - Establishment of woody riparian vegetation in relation to annual patterns of streamflow, Bill Williams River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T17:07:29.206462","indexId":"70020247","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Establishment of woody riparian vegetation in relation to annual patterns of streamflow, Bill Williams River, Arizona","docAbstract":"Previous studies have revealed the close coupling of components of annual streamflow hydrographs and the germination and establishment of Populus species. Key hydrograph components include the timing and magnitude of flood peaks, the rate of decline of the recession limb, and the magnitude of base flows. In this paper, we retrospectively examine establishment of four woody riparian species along the Bill Williams River, Arizona, USA, in the context of annual patterns of streamflow for the years 1993–1995. The four species examined were the native Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, and Baccharis salicifolia and the exotic Tamarix ramosissima. We modeled locations suitable for germination of each species along eight study transects by combining historic discharge data, calculated stage-discharge relationships, and seed-dispersal timing observations. This germination model was, a highly significant predictor of seedling establishment. Where germination was predicted to occur, we compared values of several environmental variables in quadrats where we observed successful establishment with quadrats where establishment was unsuccessful. The basal area of mature woody vegetation, the maximum annual, depth to ground water, and the maximum rate of water-table decline were the variables that best discriminated between quadrats with and without seedlings. The results of this study suggest that the basic components of models that relate establishment of Populus spp. to annual patterns of streamflow may also be applicable to other woody riparian species. Reach-to-reach variation in stage-discharge relationships can influence model parameters, however, and should be considered if results such as ours are to be used in efforts to prescribe reservoir releases to promote establishment of native riparian vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161674","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Shafroth, P., Auble, G., Stromberg, J., and Patten, D., 1998, Establishment of woody riparian vegetation in relation to annual patterns of streamflow, Bill Williams River, Arizona: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 4, p. 577-590, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161674.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"590","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Bill Williams River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.09873911280913,\n 34.305537372613855\n ],\n [\n -114.09873911280913,\n 34.195039310979226\n ],\n [\n -113.60034525138416,\n 34.195039310979226\n ],\n [\n -113.60034525138416,\n 34.305537372613855\n ],\n [\n -114.09873911280913,\n 34.305537372613855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a6de4b0c8380cd5235a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shafroth, P.B.","contributorId":65041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stromberg, J.C.","contributorId":81455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patten, D.T.","contributorId":15955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patten","given":"D.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6564,"text":"fs11798 - 1998 - Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project--Biological Resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T11:02:48","indexId":"fs11798","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117-98","title":"Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project--Biological Resources","docAbstract":"Riparian (streamside) vegetation communities are of interest in the context of the Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project (FRIRP) because they are often a focal point for conflicting societal demands. The cottonwoods and willows comprising these communities are structurally complex compared to the surrounding landscape and support diverse assemblages of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. However, riparian areas are also primary sites for water development, agriculture, grazing, sand and gravel mining, and recreation, each of which may limit other uses. Direct and indirect impacts of these activities have led to exploration of new opportunities and techniques for restoring disturbed riparian habitats and to greater concern for some of the scarce species that inhabit them.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs11798","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998, Front Range Infrastructure Resources Project--Biological Resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 117-98, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11798.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":853,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0117-98/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_117_98.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.743408203125,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -104.337158203125,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -104.337158203125,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -105.743408203125,\n 41.41801503608024\n ],\n [\n -105.743408203125,\n 38.08268954483802\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22042,"text":"ofr98210 - 1998 - Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T10:24:02","indexId":"ofr98210","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-210","title":"Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Core samples, cuttings, and numerous geophysical logs obtained from the 1560 ft (475.5 m) core hole drilled at 98th Street on the west side of Albuquerque provide key stratigraphic and hydraulicproperty information for the upper clastic sediments of the Santa Fe Group, which form the principal aquifer in the region. The core hole and an adjacent water-level monitoring well were drilled cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the City of Albuquerque and investigated in collaboration with the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources and the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer to improve understanding of aquifer characteristics and controls on ground-water availability and quality. The 751.5 ft (229 m) of core samples recovered from the core hole are the only undisturbed samples of nonlithified sediments of the upper part of the Santa Fe Group that have been collected in this area. These samples have allowed us, for the first time, to directly observe and characterize the lithic and sedimentologic features of this part of the section, and to correlate the detailed geologic features with geophysical-log characteristics, magnetic susceptibility measurements, hydraulic variables, and trace-element geochemistry. The adjacent well was designed to be an areally representative ground-water level and water-quality monitoring well for the Santa Fe Group aquifer. This report chiefly addresses the lithologic, stratigraphic, and hydrogeologic features determined from the 98th Street core hole; other reports address related characteristics.
Previous geologic studies predicted the stratigraphy at the site to be, from the land surface downward: 1) Quaternary alluvial and eolian valley-border sediments; 2) fluvial sand and gravel of the upper unit of the Santa Fe Group (Ceja Member of the Santa Fe Formation of Kelly, 1978; equivalent to the Sierra Ledrones Formation of Machette (1978a); 3) downward-fining basin-floor silty clay deposits and 4) fluvial sandy and silty facies of the middle unit of the Santa Fe Group (the Middle Red Member of Bryan and McCann, 1937, and Lambert, 1968). New geologic interpretations indicate that the drill site is in a fault block bounded by east-dipping normal faults and the oblique Atrisco-Rincon fault zone.
Core-hole sampling recovered 760.6 ft (231.8 m) of core, in core segments 2.1-2.375 in. (5.3-6 cm) in diameter, and 0.2-10 ft (6.1 cm-3 m) long. The core hole was cased with centered 3-in. PVC casing, and is available for geophysical logging. The monitoring-well hole contains four piezometers at depths of 1544 ft (470.6 m), 1112 ft (338.9 m), 749 ft (228.3 m), and 458 ft (139.6 m).
Sediments in the core are loose to weakly cemented gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and lithified sandstone. Laboratory analyses of particle-size distributions of 28 channel samples show that most silty sand samples are uniformly graded and poorly sorted; medium sand samples are moderately sorted. Six principal sediment types are used to describe the core; these sediment types are repeated in various combinations throughout the core and are used to define 22 lithologic units in the cored interval. The six principal sediment types contain sequences of beds having similar modal grain size and sedimentary structure, and are listed in decreasing abundance:
1) Silty fine sand, poorly sorted, containing a coarse silt matrix. Geophysical logs show highly variable baselines with deflections that are related to clay beds and sequences of silt, clay, and sorted fine sand. Density values of 2.12-2.25 g/cc and porosity values of 30-35 percent are typical.
2) Medium sand, moderately to poorly sorted. Geophysical logs show baselines of low variability with deflections that are related to clay beds and sequences of silt, clay, and sorted fine sand. Density values of 2.05-2.20 g/cc and porosity values of 30-35 percent are typical.
3) Clayey sandy silt, poorly sorted, locally microlaminated clay and silt, generally nonplastic. Geophysical logs show highly variable baselines with deflections that are related to sequences of clay and fine sand. Density values of 2.1-2.2 g/cc and porosity values of 30-40 percent are typical.
4) Silt and clay, characteristically red to reddish brown and medium to high plasticity, massive to indistinctly microlaminated. Geophysical logs show variable baselines with broad, high-amplitude compound spikes that are related to sequences of silt and fine sand. Density values of 2.12-2.25 g/cc and porosity values of >45 percent are typical.
5) Sand and gravel, poorly sorted. Geophysical logs show variable baselines with deflections that are related to sequences of silty and sorted fine sand.
6) Sandstone, fine-to-medium grained, poorly sorted, cemented chiefly by calcite, which fills the original pore space. Geophysical logs show density values >2.25 g/cc and porosity values <30 percent.
The 22 lithologic units are correlated with recognized basin-floor fluvial lithofacies (Hawley, 1996), which include sand and gravel (lithofacies I), sand with lenses of pebbly sand, silt, and silty clay (lithofacies II), and interbedded sand, silt, and silty clay (modified lithofacies III, IV, IX).
The sediments in the core hole are correlated with three informal lithostratigraphic units. The top unit, 0-19 ft (0-5.8 m) depth, consists of Quaternary eolian sand and valley-border alluvium. Coarsegrained deposits in the 19-97 ft (5.8-29.6 m) interval are correlated with the upper unit of the Santa Fe Group. The fine-grained section in the 97-787 ft (29.6-239.9 m) interval is correlated tentatively with the middle unit of the Santa Fe Group. This section contains thick sequences of laminated red and olivebrown clay and silt overbank deposits (441-787 ft) in the distinctive Atrisco member of Connell and others (1998). The Atrisco is correlated with fine-grained zones in numerous wells throughout the central Albuquerque metropolitan area, and is recognized as a zone that separates the upper Santa Fe aquifer from underlying middle Santa Fe deposits. The lower section of the middle unit of the Santa Fe, 787-1500 ft (239.9-457.2 m) depth, includes an upper sequence of moderately sorted channel-fill medium sand, and a lower sequence of sand, silt, and clay overbank deposits. The age of the cored interval is not known precisely. The upper Santa Fe gravel is related regionally to a through-flowing river system that was established in the Rio Grande rift valleys in Early Pliocene time, >4.5 MA. The middle Santa Fe unit is dated tentatively by correlation with a fossiliferous section, in which sandy beds that directly underlie the upper Santa Fe are Late Miocene (Hemphellian), 4.6- 8.9 MA. Further, the middle Santa Fe unit, with dominantly normal magnetic polarity, may have been deposited during closely spaced normal magnetic chrons 5.9-8.3 Ma.
Four hydrostratigraphic units summarize the hydrogeologic framework for the 98th Street site: 1) Quaternary valley-border deposits, 2) upper Santa Fe sand and gravel deposits, 3) middle Santa Fe overbank deposits, and 4) middle Santa Fe channel-sand deposits. Empirical values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity estimated from core samples reveal a previously unknown contrast in hydraulic conductivity in the lowest two hydrostratigraphic units. Correlations among numerous wells show that the distinctively fine-grained Atrisco member, with estimated hydraulic conductivities (K) of <0.02-17 ft/day, is a laterally extensive barrier to vertical ground-water flow. The underlying unit that contains moderately sorted medium sand is a potential aquifer production zone that should be investigated further.
Laboratory determination of vertical hydraulic conductivity values for fine-grained core samples range from 10-2 to 10-7 ft/day; recompacted sandy samples have K values of 1 to 10-2 ft/day. Results of tests conducted with increasing effective stress show that K values of all samples decrease with decreasing porosity. Comparison of K values from laboratory, empirical, and calculated geophysical values shows discrepancies of 1-3 orders of magnitude (ft/day), indicating that additional analyses of core samples and geophysical data are necessary for future characterization of the Santa Fe Group aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98210","usgsCitation":"Stone, B.D., Allen, B.D., Mikolas, M., Haneberg, W.C., Hawley, J.W., Johnson, P.S., Alfred, B., and Thorn, C.R., 1998, Preliminary lithostratigraphy, interpreted geophysical logs and hydrogeologic characteristics of the 98th Street core hole, Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-210, iv, 82 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98210.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.875,\n 34.99850370014629\n ],\n [\n -106.61407470703125,\n 34.99850370014629\n ],\n [\n -106.61407470703125,\n 35.252348097623354\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 35.252348097623354\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 34.99850370014629\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Byron D. 0000-0001-6092-0798 bdstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-0798","contributorId":1702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Byron","email":"bdstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Bruce D.","contributorId":70568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mikolas, Marlo","contributorId":97522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikolas","given":"Marlo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haneberg, William C.","contributorId":57121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haneberg","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hawley, John W.","contributorId":195787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Peggy S.","contributorId":85689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Peggy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Alfred, Barry","contributorId":57482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alfred","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thorn, Conde R.","contributorId":88397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Conde","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":38249,"text":"pp1409A - 1998 - Aquifer systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states; summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:19:39","indexId":"pp1409A","displayToPublicDate":"1998-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1409","chapter":"A","title":"Aquifer systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states; summary report","docAbstract":"Findings of the Great Basin Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) are summarized. The Great Basin RASA study encompasses an area of about 140,000 square miles. Regional hydrology and ground-water hydrology of the area are described. Five models of basin-fill aquifers, a ground-water flow model of the Fish Springs system, and a regional ground-water flow model of the carbonate-rock province (eastern Nevada and western Utah) are presented and discussed.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1409A","usgsCitation":"Harrill, J., and Prudic, D.E., 1998, Aquifer systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states; summary report: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1409, p. A1-A66, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1409A.","productDescription":"p. A1-A66","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":64626,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrill, J. R.","contributorId":10417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}