{"pageNumber":"3469","pageRowStart":"86700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184937,"records":[{"id":70128717,"text":"70128717 - 1998 - Seasonal variation in habitat use by marsh fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T17:08:06","indexId":"70128717","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-14T10:37:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in habitat use by marsh fishes","docAbstract":"We used I-m<sup>2</sup> throw traps to examine habitat use by smallsized fishes within a mosaic of wet prairies and sloughs in the headwaters of the St. Johns River, Florida between August 1992 and November 1995. Estimates of total fish density and biomass varied temporally, but did not differ significantly between habitats. Patterns of habitat use, however, differed among the five numerically dominant species. Bluefin killifish, mosquitofish, and golden topminnows were more abundant in sloughs than in wet prairies. In contrast, Everglades pygmy sunfish were more abundant in wet prairies than in sloughs. Finally, the abundance of least killifish did not differ between habitats. Fish densities were positively correlated with plant biomass (i. e., habitat complexity) and negatively correlated with water depth (i. e., hydrology). Species richness and composition were similar among habitats. However, consistent differences in the relative abundance of numerically dominant species between habitats indicated some degree of habitat-specific assemblage structure. Most species were concentrated into deeper sloughs during drying events. This assemblage of small-sized fishes appears to respond relatively rapidly to changes in habitat structure and hydrologic conditions. We therefore recommend that resource managers consider using fishes as indicator taxa to evaluate the efficacy of ongoing restoration and management efforts in wetland systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.1998.tb00182.x","usgsCitation":"Jordan, F., Babbitt, K.J., and McIvor, C.C., 1998, Seasonal variation in habitat use by marsh fishes: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 7, no. 4, p. 159-166, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1998.tb00182.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"166","costCenters":[{"id":183,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295261,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295260,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1998.tb00182.x"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St. Johns River","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b30e4b0fd76af69cf31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, F.","contributorId":27379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Babbitt, K. J.","contributorId":38920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babbitt","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIvor, C. C.","contributorId":29333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIvor","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70128713,"text":"70128713 - 1998 - Comment on \"New evidence of magmatic diapirs in the intermediate crust under the Dead Sea, Israel\" by Nitzan Rabinowitz, Jean Steinberg, and Yossi Mart","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:12:07","indexId":"70128713","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-14T10:08:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"New evidence of magmatic diapirs in the intermediate crust under the Dead Sea, Israel\" by Nitzan Rabinowitz, Jean Steinberg, and Yossi Mart","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98TC02573","usgsCitation":"Hofstetter, A., Rybakov, M., and ten Brink, U., 1998, Comment on \"New evidence of magmatic diapirs in the intermediate crust under the Dead Sea, Israel\" by Nitzan Rabinowitz, Jean Steinberg, and Yossi Mart: Tectonics, v. 17, no. 5, p. 819-820, https://doi.org/10.1029/98TC02573.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"820","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Dead Sea Basin","volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b20e4b0fd76af69cef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstetter, A.","contributorId":7142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstetter","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybakov, M.","contributorId":52457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybakov","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":503095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171274,"text":"70171274 - 1998 - Nitrate contamination of the upper aquifer in the Manatí-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T11:49:28","indexId":"70171274","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-13T09:15:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrate contamination of the upper aquifer in the Manatí-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress","conferenceDate":"July 1998","conferenceLocation":"San Juan, Puerto Rico","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"San Juan, PR & Denver, CO","issn":"0731-9789","isbn":"1-882132-43-2","usgsCitation":"Conde-Costas, C., and Gomez-Gomez, F., 1998, Nitrate contamination of the upper aquifer in the Manatí-Vega Baja area, Puerto Rico, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Water Resources, Fifth Caribbean Islands Water Resources Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 1998, p. 15-20.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e38e4b07e28b664dbe6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conde-Costas, Carlos","contributorId":10768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conde-Costas","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomez-Gomez, Fernando","contributorId":169637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez-Gomez","given":"Fernando","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70244158,"text":"70244158 - 1998 - Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T16:57:20.484673","indexId":"70244158","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-10T14:18:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure","docAbstract":"<p><span>Stress shadows generated by California's two most recent great earthquakes (1857 Fort Tejon and 1906 San Francisco) substantially modified 19th and 20th century earthquake history in the Los Angeles basin and in the San Francisco Bay area. Simple Coulomb failure calculations, which assume that earthquakes can be modeled as static dislocations in an elastic half-space, have done quite well at approximating how long the stress shadows, or relaxing effects, should last and at predicting where subsequent large earthquakes will not occur. There has, however, been at least one apparent exception to the predictions of such simple models. The 1911&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&gt;6.0 earthquake near Morgan Hill, California, occurred at a relaxed site on the Calaveras fault. We examine how the more complex rate-and-state friction formalism based on laboratory experiments might have allowed the 1911 earthquake. Rate-and-state time-to-failure calculations are consistent with the occurrence of the 1911 event just 5 years after 1906 if the Calaveras fault was already close to failure before the effects of 1906. We also examine the likelihood that the entire 78 years of relative quiet (only four&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>≥6 earthquakes) in the bay area after 1906 is consistent with rate-and-state assumptions, given that the previous 7 decades produced 18&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>≥6 earthquakes. Combinations of rate-and-state variables can be found that are consistent with this pattern of large bay area earthquakes, assuming that the rate of earthquakes in the 7 decades before 1906 would have continued had 1906 not occurred. These results demonstrate that rate-and-state offers a consistent explanation for the 78-year quiescence and the 1911 anomaly, although they do not rule out several alternate explanations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98jb00793","usgsCitation":"Harris, R.A., and Simpson, R.W., 1998, Suppression of large earthquakes by stress shadows: A comparison of Coulomb and rate-and-state failure: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 103, no. B10, p. 24439-24451, https://doi.org/10.1029/98jb00793.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"24439","endPage":"24451","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":417757,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.34621477521637,\n              38.62991953361845\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.34621477521637,\n              36.17558364871968\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.53976343305399,\n              36.17558364871968\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.53976343305399,\n              38.62991953361845\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.34621477521637,\n              38.62991953361845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Ruth A. 0000-0002-9247-0768 harris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768","contributorId":786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Ruth","email":"harris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":874660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70128629,"text":"70128629 - 1998 - Environmental impacts on the southern Florida coastal waters: A history of change in Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-01T10:22:23","indexId":"70128629","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-10T11:49:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental impacts on the southern Florida coastal waters: A history of change in Florida Bay","docAbstract":"Analyses of four cores located in the northern transitional, eastern, and central portions of Florida Bay reveal historical patterns of change in salinity and seagrass distribution. Salinity and the distribution of seagrass beds are two critical issues for the restoration of Florida Bay. The distribution of benthic fauna in Bob Allen 6A and Russell Bank 19B cores illustrates changes in environmental parameters prior to 1900. Natural fluctuations occur in salinity, but the amplitude of those fluctuations was limited to a 15–20% shift about the mean. Subtle changes occur in the benthic fauna around 1910, but beginning around 1940, the pattern of salinity fluctuation departs substantially from the pre-1900 pattern. Post-1940, the salinity oscillates 40–60% about the mean. This pattern is seen in all indicators measured. Around 1970, a significant but short term decline occurred in salinity. The Taylor Creek T24 core from the northern transitional zone reflects changes in freshwater flow that have occurred during this century. The upper portion of the core records a significant increase in salinity, with a slight decrease occurring in recent years. The Pass Key 37 core represents an area of very high sedimentation rates; an increase in salinity occurs in the upper portion of the core. Natural fluctuations in seagrass distribution are inferred from the shifts in relative abundance of epiphytal species preserved in the cores. All four cores show an increase in epiphytes and therefore in seagrass coverage during this century. An increase also occurs in epiphytal species that can dwell on either Thalassia or macro-algal mats associated with Thalassia beds. These data suggest an increase in algal-mats has occurred during this century. The Bob Allen 6A core records an extensive period during the 1800's of little to no vegetative cover of the substrate based on the near absence of epiphytic species in that segment of the core. Following this period, the epiphytal species increase rapidly in abundance, implying that vegetation may have the ability to disseminate rapidly.","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Wingard, G.L., Ishman, S., and Holmes, C.W., 1998, Environmental impacts on the southern Florida coastal waters: A history of change in Florida Bay: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 26, p. 162-172.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295214,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25736133"},{"id":295215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              24.70691524106633\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.35400390625,\n              24.70691524106633\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.35400390625,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              25.363882272740256\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.38671875,\n              24.70691524106633\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5438f51ce4b0c47db4296be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ishman, S. E.","contributorId":55757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C. W.","contributorId":56576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073911,"text":"70073911 - 1998 - Collaborative research with GEO-HAZ Consulting, Inc., and U.S. Geological Survey: interaction of volcanic and tectonic processes in the past 40,000 years near Long Valley Caldera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-23T15:37:02","indexId":"70073911","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T14:43:42","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Collaborative research with GEO-HAZ Consulting, Inc., and U.S. Geological Survey: interaction of volcanic and tectonic processes in the past 40,000 years near Long Valley Caldera","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/70073911","usgsCitation":"McCalpin, J.P., Berry, M.E., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A., 1998, Collaborative research with GEO-HAZ Consulting, Inc., and U.S. Geological Survey: interaction of volcanic and tectonic processes in the past 40,000 years near Long Valley Caldera, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70073911.","productDescription":"20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281435,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Mono County","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.6513,37.4627 ], [ -119.6513,38.7142 ], [ -117.8331,38.7142 ], [ -117.8331,37.4627 ], [ -119.6513,37.4627 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51cce4b0b290850f41de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCalpin, James P.","contributorId":18418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCalpin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4113-8212 meberry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-8212","contributorId":1544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Margaret","email":"meberry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andre M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":95795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andre M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223451,"text":"5223451 - 1998 - Estimation of temporal variability of survival in animal populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T15:38:22.446789","indexId":"5223451","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T12:18:43","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of temporal variability of survival in animal populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Temporal variation of demographic characteristics for animal populations is of interest to both ecologists and biological modelers. The standard deviation of a series of estimated parameter values (e.g., estimated population size) or some function thereof (e.g., log of the estimated parameters) is commonly used as a measure of temporal variability. These measures of temporal variation overestimate the true temporal variation by not accounting for sampling variability inherent to the estimation of unknown population parameters. Using a variance-components approach to partitioning the total variability of an estimated parameter, we demonstrate the ease with which sampling variation can be removed from the observed total variation of parameter estimates. Estimates of temporal variability of survival are given after removal of sampling variation for three bird species: the federally listed Roseate Tern (</span><i>Sterna dougallii</i><span>), Black-capped Chickadees (</span><i>Parus atricapillus</i><span>), and Mallard ducks (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>). Sampling variation accounted for the majority of the total variation in the survival estimates for nearly all of the populations studied. Substantial differences in observed significance levels were observed when testing for demographic differences in temporal variation using temporal variance estimates adjusted and unadjusted for sampling variance.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2531:EOTVOS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Gould, W., and Nichols, J.D., 1998, Estimation of temporal variability of survival in animal populations: Ecology, v. 79, no. 7, p. 2531-2538, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2531:EOTVOS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2531","endPage":"2538","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db543fdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":244516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[{"id":27575,"text":"NMSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70244319,"text":"70244319 - 1998 - Dietary protein and chlorogenic acid effect on baculoviral disease of noctuid (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-13T16:43:54.213826","indexId":"70244319","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T11:39:45","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1536,"text":"Environmental Entomology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dietary protein and chlorogenic acid effect on baculoviral disease of noctuid (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae","docAbstract":"<p><span>Insecticidal pathogens such as baculoviruses are currently under intensive development as biorational agents for the control of lepidopteran pests. However, because the efficacy of these orally infective viruses is influenced by host diet, our ability to use baculoviruses effectively in an integrated pest management program requires understanding the influence of dietary components on the disease process. Nutritional stress caused by differences in the quality (casein or soy) or quantity (0–8%) of dietary protein altered the postinfectional course of disease caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Autographa californica</i><span>&nbsp;M nucelopolyhedrovirus in 2 species of noctuids,&nbsp;</span><i>Heliothis virescens</i><span>&nbsp;(F.) and&nbsp;</span><i>Trichoplusia ni</i><span>&nbsp;(Hübner). Lethal times of larvae infected with either the wild-type virus or a recombinant expressing a scorpion toxin (AaIT) derived from this parent virus were similarly affected by dietary protein. In general, the higher the level of dietary protein the shorter the lethal times. However, the influence of protein quality on lethal times depended on the insect species tested. The effect of chlorogenic acid on disease depended on dietary protein levels. At high protein concentrations, chlorogenic acid decreased speed of kill; whereas, at low protein levels, the phenolic had the opposite effect. The common factor among all treatments was that the faster larvae grew, the faster they died from viral infection. We suggest that insects that grow faster may support faster rates of viral replication in infected hosts. From an ecological perspective, it is possible that plants of higher protein content may increase the potential for the development of baculoviral epizootics in insect populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/ee/27.5.1264","usgsCitation":"Hoover, K., Alaniz, S.A., Yee, J.L., Rocke, D.M., Hammock, B., and Duffey, S., 1998, Dietary protein and chlorogenic acid effect on baculoviral disease of noctuid (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae: Environmental Entomology, v. 27, no. 5, p. 1264-1272, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/27.5.1264.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1272","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/27.5.1264","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418063,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, Kelli","contributorId":306276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoover","given":"Kelli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alaniz, Susan A.","contributorId":306277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alaniz","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":875371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocke, David M.","contributorId":306278,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rocke","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammock, Bruce","contributorId":269412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammock","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55971,"text":"University of California-Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":875373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duffey, Sean","contributorId":306279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffey","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":875374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70260444,"text":"70260444 - 1998 - Preliminary evaluation of a simple in vitro test for the diagnosis of type C botulism in wild birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T15:04:33.559913","indexId":"70260444","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T09:59:23","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Preliminary evaluation of a simple <i>in vitro</i> test for the diagnosis of type C botulism in wild birds","title":"Preliminary evaluation of a simple in vitro test for the diagnosis of type C botulism in wild birds","docAbstract":"<p><span>An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of type C botulinum toxin (</span><i><span class=\"genus-species\">Clostridium botulinum</span></i><span>) in wild birds. This simple, antigen-capture ELISA utilizes polystyrene immunosticks as the solid substrate, chicken antitoxin (IgY) as the coating antibody, rabbit antitoxin as the primary antibody, and peroxidase-labeled goat-anti-rabbit as the secondary antibody. To evaluate the immunostick ELISA as a diagnostic test for avian botulism, known concentrations of toxin were added to heparinized blood collected from healthy birds and tested by both the ELISA and mouse bioassay. Also, blood samples from 236 bird carcasses submitted to the National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) for cause of death determinations were tested by both procedures. Using ≤ 0.5 ml as the test volume for both procedures, the ELISA was less sensitive, detecting 0.25 ng/ml of toxin compared to 0.12 ng/ml for the mouse bioassay. Using the same volume of test sample for diagnostic submissions (≤ 0.5 ml), the ELISA was positive for 60% of the 149 clinically-diagnosed cases of botulism, whereas the mouse bioassay was positive for 79%. However, we demonstrated that with larger sample volumes (≥ 1.0 ml), the sensitivity of the ELISA may be equivalent or better than the mouse test due to the concentrating effect of the ELISA procedure. These preliminary results suggest that when adequate sample volumes are available, the immunostick ELISA can replace the mouse test for the diagnosis of botulism in wild birds.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-34.4.744","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., Smith, S., and Nashold, S., 1998, Preliminary evaluation of a simple in vitro test for the diagnosis of type C botulism in wild birds: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 34, no. 4, p. 744-751, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.4.744.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"751","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-34.4.744","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":463542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Susan 0000-0001-6478-5028 susansmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-5028","contributorId":139497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Susan","email":"susansmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":917708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nashold, Sean 0000-0002-8869-6633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-6633","contributorId":214978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nashold","given":"Sean","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":917709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020662,"text":"70020662 - 1998 - Conspecific reproductive success and breeding habitat selection: Implications for the study of coloniality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:17:24.957802","indexId":"70020662","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conspecific reproductive success and breeding habitat selection: Implications for the study of coloniality","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat selection is a crucial process in the life cycle of animals because it can affect most components of fitness. It has been proposed that some animals cue on the reproductive success of conspecifics to select breeding habitats. We tested this hypothesis with demographic and behavioral data from a 17-yr study of the Black-legged Kittiwake (</span><i>Rissa tridactyla</i><span>), a cliff-nesting seabird. As the hypothesis assumes, the Black-legged Kittiwake nesting environment was patchy, and the relative quality of the different patches (i.e., breeding cliffs) varied in time. The average reproductive success of the breeders of a given cliff was predictable from one year to the next, but this predictability faded after several years. The dynamic nature of cliff quality in the long term is partly explained by the autocorrelation of the prevalence of an ectoparasite that influences reproductive success. As predicted by the performance-based conspecific attraction hypothesis, the reproductive success of current breeders on a given cliff was predictive of the reproductive success of new recruits on the cliff in the following year. Breeders tended to recruit to the previous year’s most productive cliffs and to emigrate from the least productive ones. Consequently, the dynamics of breeder numbers on the cliffs were explained by local reproductive success on a year-to-year basis. Because, on average, young Black-legged Kittiwakes first breed when 4 yr old, such a relationship probably results from individual choices based on the assessment of previous-year local quality. When breeders changed breeding cliffs between years, they selected cliffs of per capita higher reproductive success. Furthermore, after accounting for the potential effects of age and sex as well as between-year variations, the effect of individual breeding performance on breeding dispersal was strongly influenced by the average reproductive success of other breeders on the same cliff. Individual breeding performance did not appear to influence the probability of dispersing for birds breeding on cliffs with high local reproductive success, whereas individual breeding performance did have a strong effect on dispersal for birds that bred on cliffs with lower local reproductive success. This suggests that the reproductive success of locally breeding conspecifics may be sufficient to override an individual’s own breeding experience when deciding whether to emigrate. These results, which are supported by behavioral observations of the role of prospecting in recruitment, suggest that both first breeders and adults rely on the reproductive success of conspecifics as “public information” to assess their own chances of breeding successfully in a given patch and to make settling decisions. A corollary prediction is that individuals should attempt to breed near successful conspecifics (a form of social attraction) in order to benefit from the same favorable local environmental conditions. Such a performance-based conspecific attraction mechanism can thus lead to an aggregative distribution of nests and may have played a role in the evolution of coloniality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","issn":"00129658","usgsCitation":"Danchin, E., Boulinier, T., and Massot, M., 1998, Conspecific reproductive success and breeding habitat selection: Implications for the study of coloniality: Ecology, v. 79, no. 7, p. 2415-2428.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2415","endPage":"2428","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa02e4b0c8380cd4d88d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danchin, Etienne","contributorId":69034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danchin","given":"Etienne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulinier, T.","contributorId":37845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulinier","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massot, M.","contributorId":18535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massot","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015837,"text":"1015837 - 1998 - Effects of nutrient patches and root systems on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T16:24:43.509723","indexId":"1015837","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of nutrient patches and root systems on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass","docAbstract":"<p><span>Clonal plant foraging has been examined primarily on individual clones exposed to resource-poor and resource-rich environments. We designed an experiment to examine the clonal foraging behavior of the rhizomatous grass&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus lanceolatus</i><span>&nbsp;ssp.&nbsp;</span><i>lanceolatus</i><span>&nbsp;under the influence of neighboring plant root systems in a heterogeneous nutrient environment. Individual&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;clones were planted in large bins together with one of three neighboring grass species,&nbsp;</span><i>Agropyron desertorum, Pseudoroegneria spicata,</i><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus tectorum,</i><span>&nbsp;which differ in rooting density and growth activity. The position of&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;clones was manipulated so rhizomes encountered a short-duration nutrient patch and subsequently root systems of the neighboring plants. Unexpectedly, the morphological plasticity of the perennial grass&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus lanceolatus</i><span>&nbsp;ssp.&nbsp;</span><i>lanceolatus</i><span>&nbsp;was influenced by the presence of the neighboring species much more than by the local nutrient enrichments, although nutrient patches did amplify some of the foraging responses.&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;rhizomes branched readily and initiated large daughter plants as they encountered the low-density root systems of&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudoroegneria.</i><span>&nbsp;When&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;encountered the fine, dense root systems of the annual&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus,</i><span>&nbsp;clonal expansion was initially reduced. Yet, after the short growing season of&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus, Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;resumed clonal expansion and produced several daughter plants.&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;clones were most constrained by the fine, dense root systems of&nbsp;</span><i>Agropyron desertorum.</i><span>&nbsp;In this case, a few, long rhizomes avoided the densely rooted soil environment by growing aboveground as stolons crossing over the&nbsp;</span><i>Agropyron</i><span>&nbsp;tussocks.&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;clonal biomass was largest in neighborhoods of&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudoroegneria,</i><span>&nbsp;intermediate in neighborhoods with&nbsp;</span><i>Bromus,</i><span>&nbsp;and smallest in neighborhoods with&nbsp;</span><i>Agropyron.</i><span>&nbsp;The latter were approximately half the size of those in the&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudoroegneria</i><span>&nbsp;environments.&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus</i><span>&nbsp;growth could not be explained by simple resource competition alone; other mechanisms must have been involved in the apparent differences in interference patterns of neighboring plants with&nbsp;</span><i>Elymus.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2676:AYSOSC]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Huber-Sannwald, E., Pyke, D.A., Caldwell, M.M., and Durham, S., 1998, Effects of nutrient patches and root systems on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass: Ecology, v. 79, no. 7, p. 2267-2280, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2676:AYSOSC]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2267","endPage":"2280","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fe57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth","contributorId":88700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber-Sannwald","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, M. M.","contributorId":86296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Durham, Susan","contributorId":69698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185264,"text":"70185264 - 1998 - Reply to comment by E. Holzbecher on \"Constant-concentration boundary condition: Lessons from the HYDROCOIN variable-density groundwater benchmark problem\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T08:13:33","indexId":"70185264","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by E. Holzbecher on \"Constant-concentration boundary condition: Lessons from the HYDROCOIN variable-density groundwater benchmark problem\"","docAbstract":"<div class=\"t m0 x2 h4 y4 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0\"><p>We appreciate the opportunity to continue a dialogue on&nbsp;solute-transport modeling issues and perhaps to clarify some of&nbsp;our original concerns. It appears to us that Holzbecher [this&nbsp;issue] fails to consider the physical implications of groundwater&nbsp;flow and solute transport along no-flow boundaries. A no-flow&nbsp;boundary coincides with a streamline along which the fluid&nbsp;velocity is generally nonzero. Because the velocity is nonzero,&nbsp;both advective and dispersive transport processes can be operative along a no-flow boundary.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02189","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Sanford, W., 1998, Reply to comment by E. Holzbecher on \"Constant-concentration boundary condition: Lessons from the HYDROCOIN variable-density groundwater benchmark problem\": Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 10, p. 2779-2780, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02189.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"2779","endPage":"2780","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr02189","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29365,"text":"wri974082C - 1998 - Seasonal and spatial variability of nutrients and pesticides in streams of the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T09:03:33","indexId":"wri974082C","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4082","chapter":"C","title":"Seasonal and spatial variability of nutrients and pesticides in streams of the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1993-95","docAbstract":"From April 1993 to September 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study of the occurrence and distribution of nutrients and pesticides in surface water of the Willamette and Sandy River Basins, Oregon, as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. About 260 samples were collected at 51 sites during the study; of these, more than 60 percent of the pesticide samples and more than 70 percent of the nutrient samples were collected at 7 sites in a fixed-station network (primary sites) to characterize seasonal water-quality variability related to a variety of land-use activities. Samples collected at the remain ing 44 sites were used primarily to characterize spatial water- quality variability in agricultural river subbasins located throughout the study area.This report describes concentrations of 4 nutrient species (total nitrogen, filtered nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus) and 86 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in streams, during high- and low-flow conditions, receiving runoff from urban, agricultural, forested, and mixed-use lands. Although most nutrient and pesticide concentrations were relatively low, some concentrations exceeded maximum contaminant levels for drinking water and water-quality criteria for chronic toxicity established for the protection of freshwater aquatic life. The largest number of exceedances generally occurred at sites receiving predominantly agricultural inputs. Total nitrogen, filtered nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were detected in 89 to 98 percent of the samples; atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and desethylatrazine were detected in 72 to 94 percent of the samples. Fifty different pesticides and degradation products was detected during the 2-1/2 year study.Seasonally, peak nutrient and pesticide concentrations at the seven primary sites were observed during winter and spring rains. With the exception of soluble reactive phosphorus, peak nutrient concentrations were recorded at agricultural sites during winter rains, whereas peak pesticide concentrations occurred at agricultural sites during spring rains.Spatially, although nutrients were detected slightly more often in samples from the northern Willamette Basin relative to the southern Willamette Basin, concentration distributions in the two areas were similar. About 75 percent more pesticides were detected in the northern basin; however, two-thirds of the pesticide detections in the southern basin were larger in concentration than for the same pesticides detected in the northern basin.Nutrient and pesticide concentrations were associated with percent of upstream drainage area in forest, urbanization, and agriculture. Nutrient concentrations at forested sites were among the smallest observed at any of the sites sampled. In addition, only one pesticide and one pesticide degradation product were detected at forested sites, at concentrations near the method detection limits. The highest nutrient concentrations were observed at agricultural sites. Further, the largest numbers of different pesticides detected were at agricultural sites, at concentrations generally larger than at most other land-use sites. Three pesticides--dichlobenil, prometon, and tebuthiuron--were detected more frequently at a site receiving predominantly urban inputs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;Branch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974082C","usgsCitation":"Rinella, F.A., and Janet, M., 1998, Seasonal and spatial variability of nutrients and pesticides in streams of the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4082, xii, 59 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974082C.","productDescription":"xii, 59 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://oregon.usgs.gov/pubs_dir/Pdf/97-4082c.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58213,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4082c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4082c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc44a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, F. A.","contributorId":89120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janet, M.L.","contributorId":55028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janet","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002659,"text":"1002659 - 1998 - Survival of female northern pintails wintering in southwestern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-23T17:52:49.71679","indexId":"1002659","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of female northern pintails wintering in southwestern Louisiana","docAbstract":"<p>The North American breeding population of northern pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) has reached previously unprecedented low numbers 4 times since 1983. Because pintails show high fidelity to wintering areas, regional survival estimates and identification of factors influencing survival are needed to guide management of wintering pintails. We used radiotelemetry to estimate survival rates of female pintails wintering in southwestern Louisiana. We tested for variation in survival and hunting mortality rates in relation to age (immature or adult), winter (1990-91, 1991-92, 1992-93), time period (prehunting season, first hunting season, time between split hunting seasons, second hunting season, posthunting season), body condition (body mass when released, adjusted for body size), and region (southwestern Louisiana or elsewhere on the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast or Mississippi Alluvial Valley). Within southwestern Louisiana, the 147-day (5 Oct-28 Feb) survival rate of adults (0.714 <span>± </span>0.045; <span>x̅&nbsp;</span><span>±</span> SE) was greater (<i>P</i> = 0.02) than that of immatures (0.550 <span>±</span> 0.068), primarily because immatures had higher hunting mortality. Female survival was lower (<i>P</i>s &lt; 0.01) during hunting than during nonhunting seasons but did not differ between first and second hunting seasons (<i>P</i> = 0.58) or among non-hunting seasons (<i>P</i>s &gt;0.25). Survival did not differ in relation to winter or condition (<i>P</i>s &gt; 0.12). Hunting mortality did not differ (<i>P</i>s &gt; 0.13) in relation to winter, condition, or region, but hunting mortality of immatures (0.287 <span>± </span>0.046) was greater (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) than that of adults (0.130 <span>±</span> 0.025). Despite conservative hunting regulations (30-day seasons and 1 pintail daily), hunting mortality rates of pintails in southwestern Louisiana were high. Pintails in southwestern Louisiana rely on a small number of key refuges for protection but feed almost exclusively in privately owned agricultural fields. If increased winter survival of female pintails in southwestern Louisiana is desired, we recommend that managers increase food available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802018","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., Afton, A.D., and Pace, R.M., 1998, Survival of female northern pintails wintering in southwestern Louisiana: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 62, no. 4, p. 1512-1521, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802018.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1512","endPage":"1521","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.69021130572173,\n              30.951638691147664\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69021130572173,\n              29.641129744623527\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.03700568803214,\n              29.641129744623527\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.03700568803214,\n              30.951638691147664\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69021130572173,\n              30.951638691147664\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Robert R. Jr.","contributorId":6575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pace, Richard M. III","contributorId":168712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pace","given":"Richard","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":312140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":23989,"text":"ofr98252 - 1998 - Distribution, migratory behavior, and habitat use of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr98252","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-252","title":"Distribution, migratory behavior, and habitat use of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98252","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., Marsh, P., and Knowles, G., 1998, Distribution, migratory behavior, and habitat use of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-252, 88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98252.","productDescription":"88 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon","contributorId":7729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Paul","contributorId":63425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowles, G.W.","contributorId":21580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24291,"text":"ofr98330B - 1998 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T20:39:23.873802","indexId":"ofr98330B","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-330","chapter":"B","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98330B","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., and Walsh, G.J., 1998, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Carmel 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-330, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98330B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155046,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17795.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":379589,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0330b/application.zip","text":"Disks","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Mount Carmel quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.0000,\n              43.7500\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8750,\n              43.7500\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.8750,\n              43.8750\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.0000,\n              43.8750\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.0000,\n              43.7500\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":510966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":510965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1007970,"text":"1007970 - 1998 - Attacks on sea otters by killer whales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-27T18:32:42.992152","indexId":"1007970","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Attacks on sea otters by killer whales","docAbstract":"<p>Few references to attacks on sea otters, <i>Enhydra lutris</i>, by killer whales, <i>Orcinus orca</i>, exist in the literature. In an extensive review of predatory and non-predatory interactions between killer whales and other marine mammals, Jefferson et al. (1991) cited only one reference (Nikolaev 1965) in which killer whales aggressively pursued sea otters. In another review of attacks on marine mammals by killer whales in the North Pacific Ocean, Matkin and Saulitis (1994) listed three other interactions between killer whales and sea otters, but with the exception of one personal communication, the references (Barabash-Nikiforov 1938, Tomilin 1957) alluded only to presumed attacks. Kenyon(1969) described only non-aggressive interactions between the two species. No descriptions of killer whale attacks on sea otters have been published. In this note we describe nine observations made between 1992 and 1996 of killer whales attacking sea otters in Prince William Sound and in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00775.x","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, B.B., Marks, D., Tinker, M., Nolan, K., and Peirce, J., 1998, Attacks on sea otters by killer whales: Marine Mammal Science, v. 14, no. 4, p. 888-894, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00775.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"888","endPage":"894","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands, Prince William 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 \"}}]}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Brian B. 0000-0003-1432-2660 brian_hatfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1432-2660","contributorId":127457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Brian","email":"brian_hatfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":316441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marks, Dennis","contributorId":292705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marks","given":"Dennis","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":221787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinker","given":"M. Tim","affiliations":[{"id":40428,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz; former USGS PI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":316439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nolan, Kellie","contributorId":25895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nolan","given":"Kellie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peirce, Joshua","contributorId":42510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peirce","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":24040,"text":"ofr98199 - 1998 - Hydrologic investigation of the Ophir Creek watershed near Yakutat, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr98199","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-199","title":"Hydrologic investigation of the Ophir Creek watershed near Yakutat, Alaska","docAbstract":"Data on streamflow and ground-water levels were collected in the Ophir Creek watershed in southeast Alaska to obtain information about the relations between streamflow, ground-water levels, and precipitation. In addition, the possible effect of an experimental channel excavation to increase flows in Ophir Creek was evaluated. Stream discharges were monitored continuously at one site and measured intermittently at five other sites from October 1991 to May 1997, and ground-water levels were measured weekly in seven wells from July 1995 to October 1996. All measured ground-water levels were less than 11.4 feet below land surface. The data indicate that ground-water levels are closely related to rain and snowmelt, which in turn are related to water levels in Ophir Creek. Six of seven wells had peak water levels concurrent with peak flows in Ophir Creek. In one well, both maximum and minimum water levels coincided with maximum and minimum streamflow in Ophir Creek. Deepening part of the Ophir Creek channel by excavation has increased streamflows along the deepened reach; however, some of this additional flow infiltrates into the stream channel downstream from the excavated reach. The deepened reach flowed intermittently before the excavation and continues to dewater during prolonged periods of no precipitation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98199","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Neal, E., 1998, Hydrologic investigation of the Ophir Creek watershed near Yakutat, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-199, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 illus.; 4 plates; 4 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98199.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 illus.; 4 plates; 4 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19491,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Edward G.","contributorId":68775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Edward G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23990,"text":"ofr98301 - 1998 - Post-stocking dispersal, habitat use, and behavioral acclimation of juvenile razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) in two Colorado River reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr98301","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-301","title":"Post-stocking dispersal, habitat use, and behavioral acclimation of juvenile razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) in two Colorado River reservoirs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98301","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Mueller, G., and Marsh, P., 1998, Post-stocking dispersal, habitat use, and behavioral acclimation of juvenile razorback suckers (Xyrauchen texanus) in two Colorado River reservoirs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-301, iii, 24 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98301.","productDescription":"iii, 24 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0301/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Gordon","contributorId":7729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marsh, Paul","contributorId":63425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4869,"text":"ds38 - 1998 - Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4869,"text":"ds38 - 1998 - Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds38","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"title":"Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70037891,"text":"ds656 - 2012 - Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","indexId":"ds656","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Database for USGS Map I-1970 - Map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"ds38","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains vector-based digital geologic maps of the surficial deposits in parts of 23 states where continental glaciation occurred during the Quaternary. These maps, at 1:1,000,000-scale, include the texture of the surface sediments and the total thickness of Quaternary sediments. Map compilation was based on about 850 sources of information. These maps are also published in paper form, as U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous investigations Series Map I-1970-A, B, C, and D.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey ;\r\nFor sale by USGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ds38","isbn":"0607911573","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., and Packard, P.H., 1998, Digital representation of a map showing the thickness and character of Quaternary sediments in the glaciated United States east of the Rocky Mountains: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 38, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds38.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":597,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds38/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.51777777777778,36.48444444444444 ], [ -112.51777777777778,49.36805555555556 ], [ -67,49.36805555555556 ], [ -67,36.48444444444444 ], [ -112.51777777777778,36.48444444444444 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a96f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Packard, Patricia H. ppackard@usgs.gov","contributorId":3268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"Patricia","email":"ppackard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25823,"text":"wri974248 - 1998 - Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T22:54:03.562167","indexId":"wri974248","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4248","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996","docAbstract":"<p>In the spring of 1996, the Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program drilled 30 shallow monitoring wells in a study area characterized by urban residential and commercial land uses. The monitoring wells were installed in sandy river-terrace deposits adjacent to the Mississippi River in Anoka and Hennepin Counties, Minnesota, in areas where urban development primarily occurred during the past 30 years.</p>\n<p>Analyses of sediments collected during well drilling indicated that at most well sites the aquifer materials had relatively high hydraulic conductivities (ranging from 0.01 to 238 feet per day), and relatively low organic carbon contents (0.10 to 41 grams per kilogram), indicating a high susceptibility to leaching of fertilizers and organic substances used on the land surface. Sediment pH values, which can affect leaching of pesticides, were generally alkaline, ranging from 5.1 to 9.6.</p>\n<p>Ground-water levels ranged from 2.39 to 23.14 feet below land surface, and indicated that shallow ground water flows primarily toward the Mississippi River. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in water samples from the wells were generally less than 3 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and specific conductances were generally greater than 600 microsiemens per centimeter. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate were the primary dissolved constituents in the water samples. Sodium and chloride concentrations were generally greater than commonly reported in the region, probably due to leaching of sodium chloride applied to roads during the winter. Most tracemetal concentrations in ground-water samples were less than 10 micrograms per liter (&mu;g/L), but concentrations of iron and manganese commonly exceeded Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of 300 and 50 &mu;g/L, respectively. Mineral saturation indices indicated that calcite, dolomite, and gypsum were slightly undersaturated in most water samples, and that quartz, and many oxides and hydroxides of iron and manganese were oversaturated in all of the water samples.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, the primary nutrient of concern in ground water, ranged from less than 0.05 to 16 mg/L, with a median concentration of 1.4 mg/L. Dissolved phosphorus concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 1.5 mg/L in the water samples, with a median concentration of 0.02 mg/L. Water from one well was oversaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite, a phosphatic mineral used as a fertilizer.</p>\n<p>Pesticide compounds were detected in water samples from 16 wells, but concentrations of those compounds were less than 1.0 &mu;g/L. Prometon, an herbicide commonly used for right-of-way weed control, was detected in water samples from 10 of the wells. Atrazine, and its metabolite deethylatrazine, were detectable in water samples from 6 and 8 wells, respectively. Atrazine is commonly applied to land planted with corn and is detectable in rainfall and air samples in concentrations of less than 1 ng/L in the urban land use study area. Other detected pesticide compounds, which are used in agriculture, right-of-way weed control, or lawn care included: tebuthiuron, EPTC, <i>p</i>,<i>p</i>'-DDE, metolachlor, simazine, bentazon, and bromacil.</p>\n<p>Volatile organic compounds were detected in water samples from 26 wells, but the concentrations of most of those compounds were less than 1 &mu;g/L. Carbon disulfide, which may be produced by bacteria in soils, was the most commonly detected volatile organic compound in water samples from the wells. Other detected volatile organic compounds included: methyl chloride, acetone, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrahydrofuran, trichlorofluoromethane, methyl iodide, 1,1-dichloroethane, chloroform, toluene, trichloroethane, trichloroethene, <i>cis</i>-1,2-dichloroethene, methylene chloride, bromodichloromethane, benzene, methylisobutylketone, ethyl ether, and tetrachloroethene.</p>\n<p>Tritium concentrations, analyzed in water samples from 15 of the 30 wells, indicated that shallow ground water has been recharged since the mid-1950's, and that shallow ground water should be affected by urban development that has taken place over the past 40 years.</p>\n<p>Land uses in the urban land use study area affected the concentrations of some water-quality constituents. Concentrations of nitrate and chloride, and frequencies of detection of pesticides and of volatile organic compounds, were greater in water samples from the surficial sand and gravel aquifer underlying the urban land use study area than in water samples from similar aquifers from part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment study unit. Land uses within 500-meter radii of each well were quantified by digitizing overlays of aerial photographs that were verified and updated in the field. Concentrations of magnesium and sulfate were greater in ground water beneath areas of denser residential development, which may be a natural artifact of better drainage and a deeper water table in those areas. Frequencies of detection of some pesticides and volatile organic compounds were greater in water from wells with greater proportions of industrial and transportation land uses. Ground water in areas with less dense residential development, mostly the more recently-developed areas, tended to have greater concentrations of agricultural herbicides and some nutrients probably a relict of previous agricultural land use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri974248","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W., Fong, A.L., Harrod, L., and Dittes, M.E., 1998, Water-quality assessment of part of the upper Mississippi River basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin— Ground-water quality in an urban part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, Minnesota, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4248, viii, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974248.","productDescription":"viii, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391497,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48855.htm"},{"id":54573,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4248/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.4,\n              45.233333\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.25,\n              45.233333\n            ],\n          \n            [\n              -93.25,\n              45.0833\n            ],\n              [\n              -93.4,\n              45.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.4,\n              45.233333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e71be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fong, A. L.","contributorId":58309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harrod, Leigh","contributorId":63053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrod","given":"Leigh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dittes, M. E.","contributorId":94343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dittes","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22272,"text":"ofr98184 - 1998 - Water-quality data collected in a coastal marsh, Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, March 1993 through January 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:56","indexId":"ofr98184","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-184","title":"Water-quality data collected in a coastal marsh, Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, March 1993 through January 1998","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98184","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., Weiskel, P., Howes, B., and Smith, K., 1998, Water-quality data collected in a coastal marsh, Orleans, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, March 1993 through January 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-184, iii, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98184.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51694,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeSimone, L.A.","contributorId":79132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSimone","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiskel, P.K.","contributorId":36959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howes, B.L.","contributorId":41854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howes","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, K.P.","contributorId":54231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":34234,"text":"b2147 - 1998 - Engineering geology applied to the design and operation of underground coal mines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:32","indexId":"b2147","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2147","title":"Engineering geology applied to the design and operation of underground coal mines","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/b2147","usgsCitation":"Dunrud, C., 1998, Engineering geology applied to the design and operation of underground coal mines: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2147, vi, 134 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2147.","productDescription":"vi, 134 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2147/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62148,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2147/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6027b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunrud, C. Richard","contributorId":48964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunrud","given":"C. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":212657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28899,"text":"wri974246 - 1998 - A simulation-optimization model for water-resources management, Santa Barbara, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri974246","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4246","title":"A simulation-optimization model for water-resources management, Santa Barbara, California","docAbstract":"In times of drought, the local water supplies of the city of Santa Barbara, California, are insufficient to satisfy water demand. In response, the city has built a seawater desalination plant and gained access to imported water in 1997. Of primary concern to the city is delivering water from the various sources at a minimum cost while satisfying water demand and controlling seawater intrusion that might result from the overpumping of ground water.\r\nA simulation-optimization model has been developed for the optimal management of Santa Barbara?s water resources. The objective is to minimize the cost of water supply while satisfying various physical and institutional constraints such as meeting water demand, maintaining minimum hydraulic heads at selected sites, and not exceeding water-delivery or pumping capacities. The model is formulated as a linear programming problem with monthly management periods and a total planning horizon of 5 years. The decision variables are water deliveries from surface water (Gibraltar Reservoir, Cachuma Reservoir, Cachuma Reservoir cumulative annual carryover, Mission Tunnel, State Water Project, and desalinated seawater) and ground water (13 production wells). The state variables are hydraulic heads. Basic assumptions for all simulations are that (1) the cost of water varies with source but is fixed over time, and (2) only existing or planned city wells are considered; that is, the construction of new wells is not allowed.\r\nThe drought of 1947?51 is Santa Barbara?s worst drought on record, and simulated surface-water supplies for this period were used as a basis for testing optimal management of current water resources under drought conditions. Assumptions that were made for this base case include a head constraint equal to sea level at the coastal nodes; Cachuma Reservoir carryover of 3,000 acre-feet per year, with a maximum carryover of 8,277 acre-feet; a maximum annual demand of 15,000 acre-feet; and average monthly capacities for the Cachuma and the Gibraltar Reservoirs. The base-case results indicate that water demands can be met, with little water required from the most expensive water source (desalinated seawater), at a total cost of $5.56 million over the 5-year planning horizon. The simulation model has drains, which operate as nonlinear functions of heads and could affect the model solutions. However, numerical tests show that the drains have little effect on the optimal solution.\r\nSensitivity analyses on the base case yield the following results: If allowable Cachuma Reservoir carryover is decreased by about 50 percent, then costs increase by about 14 percent; if the peak demand is decreased by 7 percent, then costs will decrease by about 14 percent; if the head constraints are loosened to -30 feet, then the costs decrease by about 18 percent; if the heads are constrained such that a zero hydraulic gradient condition occurs at the ocean boundary, then the optimization problem does not have a solution; if the capacity of the desalination plant is constrained to zero acre-feet, then the cost increases by about 2 percent; and if the carryover of State Water Project water is implemented, then the cost decreases by about 0.5 percent.\r\nFour additional monthly diversion distribution scenarios for the reservoirs were tested: average monthly Cachuma Reservoir deliveries with the actual (scenario 1) and proposed (scenario 2) monthly distributions of Gibraltar Reservoir water, and variable monthly Cachuma Reservoir deliveries with the actual (scenario 3) and proposed (scenario 4) monthly distributions of Gibraltar Reservoir water. Scenario 1 resulted in a total cost of about $7.55 million, scenario 2 resulted in a total cost of about $5.07 million, and scenarios 3 and 4 resulted in a total cost of about $4.53 million.\r\nSensitivities of the scenarios 1 and 2 to desalination-plant capacity and State Water Project water carryover were tested. The scenario 1 sensitivity analysis indicated that incorpo","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri974246","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., 1998, A simulation-optimization model for water-resources management, Santa Barbara, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4246, vii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974246.","productDescription":"vii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57774,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23590,"text":"ofr98334 - 1998 - Resistivity of Lake Valley Fault from audiomagnetotelluric measurements, Sierra County, southern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr98334","displayToPublicDate":"1998-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-334","title":"Resistivity of Lake Valley Fault from audiomagnetotelluric measurements, Sierra County, southern New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98334","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Klein, D.P., and Wise, R.A., 1998, Resistivity of Lake Valley Fault from audiomagnetotelluric measurements, Sierra County, southern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-334, iii, 74 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98334.","productDescription":"iii, 74 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0334/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0334/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, D. P.","contributorId":36555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wise, R. A.","contributorId":79124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wise","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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