{"pageNumber":"347","pageRowStart":"8650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70023236,"text":"70023236 - 2001 - Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T18:16:02.119947","indexId":"70023236","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Historical streamflow and concentration data were used in regression models to estimate the annual flux of nitrogen (N) to the Gulf of Mexico and to determine where the nitrogen originates within the Mississippi Basin. Results show that for 1980-1996 the mean annual total N flux to the Gulf of Mexico was 1 568 000 t yr-1. The flux was about 61% nitrate N, 37% organic N, and 2% ammonium N. The flux of nitrate N to the Gulf has approximately tripled in the last 30 years with most of the increase occurring between 1970 and 1983. The mean annual N flux has changed little since the early 1980s, but large year-to-year variations in N flux occur because of variations in precipitation. During wet years the N flux can increase by 50% or more due to flushing of nitrate N that has accumulated in the soils and unsaturated zones in the basin. The principal source areas of N are basins in southern Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio that drain agricultural land. Basins in this region yield 1500 to more than 3100 kg N km-2 yr-1 to streams, several times the N yield of basins outside this region.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq2001.302329x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Goolsby, D.A., Battaglin, W., Aulenbach, B., and Hooper, R.P., 2001, Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico, v. 30, no. 2, p. 329-336, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.302329x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi–Atchafalaya River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.955078125,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.173828125,\n              48.3416461723746\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.6015625,\n              48.22467264956519\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.12890625,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.107421875,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.03125,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.306640625,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.515625,\n              34.45221847282654\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.39453125,\n              30.221101852485987\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.46093749999999,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.6484375,\n              28.844673680771795\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.330078125,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              34.23451236236987\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.451171875,\n              39.57182223734374\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.341796875,\n              39.30029918615029\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.75,\n              39.57182223734374\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.234375,\n              42.09822241118974\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.41015624999999,\n              44.59046718130883\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              42.94033923363181\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              41.44272637767212\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5390625,\n              41.77131167976407\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              43.644025847699496\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.318359375,\n              45.9511496866914\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.28515625,\n              46.255846818480315\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66e2e4b0c8380cd73051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T.","contributorId":62766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022747,"text":"70022747 - 2001 - Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T07:54:03","indexId":"70022747","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id18\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id19\"><p><span>A 16-year study of a hydrocarbon&nbsp;plume&nbsp;shows that the extent of contaminant migration and compound-specific&nbsp;behavior&nbsp;have changed as redox reactions, most notably iron reduction, have progressed over time. Concentration changes at a small scale, determined from analysis of&nbsp;pore-water&nbsp;samples drained from&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;cores, are compared with concentration changes at the plume scale, determined from analysis of water samples from an observation&nbsp;well&nbsp;network. The small-scale data show clearly that the hydrocarbon plume is growing slowly as&nbsp;sediment&nbsp;iron oxides&nbsp;are depleted. Contaminants, such as&nbsp;</span><i>ortho</i><span>-xylene that appeared not to be moving downgradient from the&nbsp;oil&nbsp;on the basis of observation well data, are migrating in thin layers as the aquifer evolves to methanogenic conditions. However, the plume-scale observation well data show that the downgradient extent of the Fe</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and BTEX plume did not change between 1992 and 1995. Instead, depletion of the unstable Fe (III)&nbsp;oxides&nbsp;near the subsurface crude-oil source has caused the maximum dissolved iron concentration zone within the plume to spread at a rate of approximately 3 m/year. The zone of maximum concentrations of&nbsp;benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and&nbsp;xylene&nbsp;(BTEX) has also spread within the anoxic plume. In monitoring the&nbsp;remediation&nbsp;of hydrocarbon-contaminated&nbsp;ground water&nbsp;by&nbsp;natural attenuation, subtle concentration changes in observation well data from the anoxic zone may be diagnostic of depletion of the intrinsic electron-accepting capacity of the aquifer. Recognition of these subtle patterns may allow early&nbsp;prediction&nbsp;of growth of the hydrocarbon plume.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00174-7","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I., Bekins, B., Baedecker, M., Aiken, G., Eganhouse, R., and Tuccillo, M., 2001, Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude-oil spill site . I. Geochemical evolution of the plume: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 369-385, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00174-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"385","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208227,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00174-7"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ee3e4b0c8380cd7f44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baedecker, M.J.","contributorId":42702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eganhouse, R.P.","contributorId":67555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuccillo, M.E.","contributorId":31936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuccillo","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023235,"text":"70023235 - 2001 - Eddy covariance measurement of CO2 flux to the atmosphere from a area of high volcanogenic emissions, Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:55:07","indexId":"70023235","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eddy covariance measurement of CO2 flux to the atmosphere from a area of high volcanogenic emissions, Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Three pilot studies were performed to assess application of the eddy covariance micrometeorological method in the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) flux of volcanic origin. The selected study area is one of high diffuse CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission on Mammoth Mountain, CA. Because terrain and source characteristics make this a complex setting for this type of measurement, added consideration was given to source area and upwind fetch. Footprint analysis suggests that the eddy covariance measurements were representative of an upwind elliptical source area (3.8×10</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) which can vary with mean wind direction, surface roughness, and atmospheric stability. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;flux averaged 8–16 mg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;s</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;(0.7–1.4 kg m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). Eddy covariance measurements of flux were compared with surface chamber measurements made in separate studies [Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998a) 1947; EOS Trans. 79 (1998) F941.] and were found to be similar.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00380-6","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D.E., and Farrar, C.D., 2001, Eddy covariance measurement of CO2 flux to the atmosphere from a area of high volcanogenic emissions, Mammoth Mountain, California: Chemical Geology, v. 177, no. 1-2, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00380-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207615,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00380-6"}],"volume":"177","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05a7e4b0c8380cd50ebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Dean E. deander@usgs.gov","contributorId":662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Dean","email":"deander@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":396955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023234,"text":"70023234 - 2001 - High CO2 emissions through porous media: Transport mechanisms and implications for flux measurement and fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:12:45","indexId":"70023234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High CO2 emissions through porous media: Transport mechanisms and implications for flux measurement and fractionation","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id18\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id19\"><p id=\"simple-para.0075\">Diffuse emissions of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>are known to be large around some volcanoes and hydrothermal areas. Accumulation-chamber measurements of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>flux are increasingly used to estimate the total magmatic or metamorphic CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>released from such areas. To assess the performance of accumulation chamber systems at fluxes one to three orders of magnitude higher than normally encountered in soil respiration studies, a test system was constructed in the laboratory where known fluxes could be maintained through dry sand. Steady-state gas concentration profiles and fractionation effects observed in the 30-cm sand column nearly match those predicted by the Stefan-Maxwell equations, indicating that the test system was functioning successfully as a uniform porous medium. Eight groups of investigators tested their accumulation chamber equipment, all configured with continuous infrared gas analyzers (IRGA), in this system. Over a flux range of ∼200–12,000 g m<sup>−2</sup>day<sup>−1</sup>, 90% of their 203 flux measurements were 0–25% lower than the imposed flux with a mean difference of −12.5%. Although this difference would seem to be within the range of acceptability for many geologic investigations, some potential sources for larger errors were discovered. A steady-state pressure gradient of −20 Pa/m was measured in the sand column at a flux of 11,200 g m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>day<sup>−1</sup>. The derived permeability (50 darcies) was used in the dusty-gas model (DGM) of transport to quantify various diffusive and viscous flux components. These calculations were used to demonstrate that accumulation chambers, in addition to reducing the underlying diffusive gradient, severely disrupt the steady-state pressure gradient. The resultant diversion of the net gas flow is probably responsible for the systematically low flux measurements. It was also shown that the fractionating effects of a viscous CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>efflux against a diffusive influx of air will have a major impact on some important geochemical indicators, such as N<sub>2</sub>/Ar,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N–N<sub>2</sub>, and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>4</sup>He/<sup>22</sup>Ne.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00379-X","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., Sorey, M., Kennedy, B.M., Stonestrom, D.A., Rogie, J., and Shuster, D., 2001, High CO2 emissions through porous media: Transport mechanisms and implications for flux measurement and fractionation: Chemical Geology, v. 177, no. 1-2, p. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00379-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207595,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00379-X"}],"volume":"177","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30a8e4b0c8380cd5d82e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, B. M.","contributorId":97638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogie, J.D.","contributorId":63571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogie","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Shuster, D.L.","contributorId":14096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shuster","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023231,"text":"70023231 - 2001 - Chemical and optical changes in freshwater dissolved organic matter exposed to solar radiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T05:32:09","indexId":"70023231","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and optical changes in freshwater dissolved organic matter exposed to solar radiation","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">We studied the chemical and optical changes inthe dissolved organic matter (DOM) from twofreshwater lakes and a<span>&nbsp;</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sphagnum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>bog afterexposure to solar radiation. Stable carbonisotopes and solid-state<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectraof DOM were used together with optical andchemical data to interpret results fromexperimental exposures of DOM to sunlight andfrom seasonal observations of two lakes innortheastern Pennsylvania. Solar photochemicaloxidation of humic-rich bog DOM to smaller LMWcompounds and to DIC was inferred from lossesof UV absorbance, optical indices of molecularweight and changes in DOM chemistry. Experimentally, we observed a 1.2‰ enrichment in δ<sup>13</sup>$C and a 47% loss in aromaticC functionality in bog DOM samples exposed tosolar UVR. Similar results were observed inthe surface waters of both lakes. In latesummer hypolimnetic water in humic LakeLacawac, we observed 3 to 4.5‰enrichments in δ<sup>13</sup>C and a 30% increase inaromatic C relative to early spring valuesduring spring mixing. These changes coincidedwith increases in molecular weight and UVabsorbance. Anaerobic conditions of thehypolimnion in Lake Lacawac suggest thatmicrobial metabolism may be turning overallochthonous C introduced during springmixing, as well as autochthonous C. Thismetabolic activity produces HMW DOM during thesummer, which is photochemically labile andisotopically distinct from allochthonous DOM orautochthonous DOM. These results suggest bothphotooxidation of allochthonous DOM in theepilimnion and autotrophic production of DOM bybacteria in the hypolimnion cause seasonaltrends in the UV absorbance of lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1010657428418","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Osburn, C., Morris, D., Thorn, K.A., and Moeller, R., 2001, Chemical and optical changes in freshwater dissolved organic matter exposed to solar radiation: Biogeochemistry, v. 54, no. 3, p. 251-278, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010657428418.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478927,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010657428418","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207571,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010657428418"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f54be4b0c8380cd4c16c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osburn, C.L.","contributorId":46250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osburn","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, D.P.","contributorId":35260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorn, K. A.","contributorId":33294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moeller, R.E.","contributorId":67255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moeller","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023170,"text":"70023170 - 2001 - Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-21T10:27:33","indexId":"70023170","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3322,"text":"SIDA, Contributions to Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida","docAbstract":"<p>A non-native species of Scleria, S. lacustris is reported from six counties and three major hydrologic regions in Florida. Biogeography and habitat in Florida are addressed. A description, key features and illustration are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Research Institute of Texas","issn":"00361488","usgsCitation":"Jacono, C., 2001, Scleria lacustris (Cyperaceae), an aquatic and wetland sedge introduced to Florida: SIDA, Contributions to Botany, v. 19, no. 4, p. 1163-1170.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1163","endPage":"1170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269882,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41967965"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8792e4b08c986b316562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacono, C.C.","contributorId":32879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacono","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023150,"text":"70023150 - 2001 - Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T09:03:20","indexId":"70023150","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands","docAbstract":"This investigation into the occurrence, character, and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in treatment wetlands in the western United States shows that (i) the nature of DOM in the source water has a major influence on transformations that occur during treatment, (ii) the climate factors have a secondary effect on transformations, (iii) the wetlands receiving treated wastewater can produce a net increase in DOM, and (iv) the hierarchical analytical approach used in this study can measure the subtle DOM transformations that occur. As wastewater treatment plant effluent passes through treatment wetlands, the DOM undergoes transformation to become more aromatic and oxygenated. Autochthonous sources are contributed to the DOM, the nature of which is governed by the developmental stage of the wetland system as well as vegetation patterns. Concentrations of specific wastewaterderived organic contaminants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, caffeine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were significantly attenuated by wetland treatment and were not contributed by internal loading.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es010518i","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Leenheer, J., Noyes, T., and Stiles, E., 2001, Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 24, p. 4805-4816, https://doi.org/10.1021/es010518i.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4805","endPage":"4816","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es010518i"}],"volume":"35","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6399e4b0c8380cd725bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noyes, T.I.","contributorId":54971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noyes","given":"T.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiles, E.A.","contributorId":42353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023128,"text":"70023128 - 2001 - Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T10:50:32","indexId":"70023128","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id13\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id14\"><p><span>A multidisciplinary study of a&nbsp;crude-oil&nbsp;contaminated&nbsp;aquifer&nbsp;shows that the distribution of microbial physiologic types is strongly controlled by the aquifer properties and crude oil location. The microbial populations of four physiologic types were analyzed together with permeability,&nbsp;pore-water&nbsp;chemistry, nonaqueous oil content, and extractable sediment iron. Microbial data from three&nbsp;vertical profiles&nbsp;through the anaerobic portion of the contaminated aquifer clearly show areas that have progressed from iron-reduction to&nbsp;methanogenesis. These locations contain lower numbers of iron reducers, and increased numbers of&nbsp;fermenters&nbsp;with detectable&nbsp;methanogens. Methanogenic conditions exist both in the&nbsp;area contaminated&nbsp;by nonaqueous oil and also below the oil where high&nbsp;hydrocarbon&nbsp;concentrations correspond to local increases in aquifer permeability. The results indicate that high contaminant flux either from local dissolution or by&nbsp;</span>advective transport<span>&nbsp;plays a key role in determining which areas first become methanogenic. Other factors besides flux that are important include the sediment Fe(II) content and proximity to the&nbsp;water table. In locations near a seasonally oscillating water table, methanogenic conditions exist only below the lowest typical water table elevation. During 20 years since the&nbsp;oil spill&nbsp;occurred, a laterally continuous methanogenic zone has developed along a narrow horizon extending from the source area to 50–60 m downgradient. A companion&nbsp;paper&nbsp;[J. Contam. Hydrol. 53, 369–386] documents how the growth of the methanogenic zone results in expansion of the aquifer volume contaminated with the highest concentrations of&nbsp;benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and&nbsp;xylenes.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Bekins, B., Cozzarelli, I., Godsy, E., Warren, E., Essaid, H., and Tuccillo, M., 2001, Progression of natural attenuation processes at a crude oil spill site: II. Controls on spatial distribution of microbial populations: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 387-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00175-9"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ee2e4b0c8380cd7f449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bekins, B.A.","contributorId":98309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, I.M. 0000-0002-5123-1007","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":22343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"I.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warren, E.","contributorId":15360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuccillo, M.E.","contributorId":31936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuccillo","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023091,"text":"70023091 - 2001 - Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:07","indexId":"70023091","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water","docAbstract":"Besides Earth, Mars is the only planet with a record of resurfacing processes and environmental circumstances that indicate the past operation of a hydrologic cycle. However the present-day conditions on Mars are far apart of supporting liquid water on the surface. Although the large-scale morphology of the Martian channels and valleys show remarkable similarities with fluid-eroded features on Earth, there are major differences in their size, small-scale morphology, inner channel structure and source regions indicating that the erosion on Mars has its own characteristic genesis and evolution. The different landforms related to fluvial, glacial and periglacial activities, their relations with volcanism, and the chronology of water-related processes, are presented.","largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1011913809715","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Masson, P., Carr, M.H., Costard, F., Greeley, R., Hauber, E., and Jaumann, R., 2001, Geomorphologic evidence for liquid water, <i>in</i> Space Science Reviews, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 333-364, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011913809715.","startPage":"333","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011913809715"},{"id":233439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a279de4b0c8380cd59a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, P.","contributorId":21318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":396144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costard, F.","contributorId":61214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costard","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hauber, E.","contributorId":81659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauber","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jaumann, R.","contributorId":81232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaumann","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023087,"text":"70023087 - 2001 - Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T06:52:10","indexId":"70023087","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides","docAbstract":"An evaluation of over 75 pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) clearly shows that different classes of pesticides are more sensitive using either atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or electrospray ionization (ESI). For example, neutral and basic pesticides (phenylureas, triazines) are more sensitive using APCI (especially positive ion). While cationic and anionic herbicides (bipyridylium ions, sulfonic acids) are more sensitive using ESI (especially negative ion). These data are expressed graphically in a figure called an ionization-continuum diagram, which shows that protonation in the gas phase (proton affinity) and polarity in solution, expressed as proton addition or subtraction (pKa), is useful in selecting APCI or ESI. Furthermore, sodium adduct formation commonly occurs using positive ion ESI but not using positive ion APCI, which reflects the different mechanisms of ionization and strengthens the usefulness of the ionization-continuum diagram. The data also show that the concept of \"wrong-way around\" ESI (the sensitivity of acidic pesticides in an acidic mobile phase) is a useful modification of simple pKa theory for mobile-phase selection. Finally, this finding is used to enhance the chromatographic separation of oxanilic and sulfonic acid herbicides while maintaining good sensitivity in LC/MS using ESI negative.","language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ac010506f","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., Ferrer, I., and Barcelo, D., 2001, Choosing between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization interfaces for the HPLC/MS analysis of pesticides: Analytical Chemistry, v. 73, no. 22, p. 5441-5449, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010506f.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5441","endPage":"5449","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208016,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac010506f"}],"volume":"73","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5d7e4b0c8380cd4c45e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferrer, I.","contributorId":97260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023081,"text":"70023081 - 2001 - Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T15:33:13.720137","indexId":"70023081","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey examined 25 agricultural streams in eastern Wisconsin to determine relations between fish, invertebrate, and algal metrics and multiple spatial scales of land cover, geologic setting, hydrologic, aquatic habitat, and water chemistry data. Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to examine relations among biotic metrics and environmental characteristics. Riparian vegetation, geologic, and hydrologic conditions affected the response of biotic metrics to watershed agricultural land cover but the relations were aquatic assemblage dependent. It was difficult to separate the interrelated effects of geologic setting, watershed and buffer land cover, and base flow. Watershed and buffer land cover, geologic setting, reach riparian vegetation width, and stream size affected the fish IBI, invertebrate diversity, diatom IBI, and number of algal taxa; however, the invertebrate FBI, percentage of EPT, and the diatom pollution index were more influenced by nutrient concentrations and flow variability. Fish IBI scores seemed most sensitive to land cover in the entire stream network buffer, more so than watershed-scale land cover and segment or reach riparian vegetation width. All but one stream with more than approximately 10 percent buffer agriculture had fish IBI scores of fair or poor. In general, the invertebrate and algal metrics used in this study were not as sensitive to land cover effects as fish metrics. Some of the reach-scale characteristics, such as width/depth ratios, velocity, and bank stability, could be related to watershed influences of both land cover and geologic setting. The Wisconsin habitat index was related to watershed geologic setting, watershed and buffer land cover, riparian vegetation width, and base flow, and appeared to be a good indicator of stream quality. Results from this study emphasize the value of using more than one or two biotic metrics to assess water quality and the importance of environmental characteristics at multiple scales.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03655.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., Scudder, B.C., Lenz, B.N., and Sullivan, D.J., 2001, Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1489-1507, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03655.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1489","endPage":"1507","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":61446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"F. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scudder, B. C.","contributorId":71588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scudder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenz, B. N.","contributorId":106164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023073,"text":"70023073 - 2001 - Mercury and methylmercury in water and sediment of the Sacramento River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T13:31:48","indexId":"70023073","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury and methylmercury in water and sediment of the Sacramento River Basin, California","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) concentrations in streambed sediment and water were determined at 27 locations throughout the Sacramento River Basin, CA. Mercury in sediment was elevated at locations downstream of either Hg mining or Au mining activities where Hg was used in the recovery of Au. Methylmercury in sediment was highest (2.84 ng/g) at a location with the greatest wetland land cover, in spite of lower total Hg at that site relative to other river sites. Mercury in unfiltered water was measured at 4 locations on the Sacramento River and at tributaries draining the mining regions, as well as agricultural regions. The highest levels of Hg in unfiltered water (2248 ng/l) were measured at a site downstream of a historic Hg mining area, and the highest levels at all sites were measured in samples collected during high streamflow when the levels of suspended sediment were also elevated. Mercury in unfiltered water exceeded the current federal and state recommended criterion for protection of aquatic life (50 ng/l as total Hg in unfiltered water) only during high streamflow conditions. The highest loading of Hg to the San Francisco Bay system was attributed to sources within the Cache Creek watershed, which are downstream of historic Hg mines, and to an unknown source or sources to the mainstem of the Sacramento River upstream of historic Au mining regions. That unknown source is possibly associated with a volcanic deposit. Methylmercury concentrations also were dependent on season and hydrologic conditions. The highest levels (1.98 ng/l) in the Sacramento River, during the period of study, were measured during a major flood event. The reactivity of Hg in unfiltered water was assessed by measuring the amount available for reaction by a strong reducing agent. Although most Hg was found to be nonreactive, the highest reactivity (7.8% of the total Hg in water) was measured in the sample collected from the same site with high CH3Hg+ in sediment, and during the time of year when that site was under continual flooded conditions. Although Hg concentrations in water downstream of the Hg mining operations were measured as high as 2248 ng/l during stormwater runoff events, the transported Hg was found to have a low potential for geochemical transformations, as indicated by the low reactivity to the reducing agent (0.0001% of the total), probably because most of the Hg in the unfiltered water sample was in the mercury sulfide form.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00068-3","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 2001, Mercury and methylmercury in water and sediment of the Sacramento River Basin, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 16, no. 15, p. 1677-1691, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00068-3.","startPage":"1677","endPage":"1691","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208193,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00068-3"}],"volume":"16","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53dce4b0c8380cd6cd77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":396035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023071,"text":"70023071 - 2001 - Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023071","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), developed a computer program to provide a general framework needed to couple disparate environmental resource models and to manage the necessary data. The Object-User Interface (OUI) is a map-based interface for models and modeling data. It provides a common interface to run hydrologic models and acquire, browse, organize, and select spatial and temporal data. One application is to assist river managers in utilizing streamflow forecasts generated with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System running in the Modular Modeling System (MMS), a distributed-parameter watershed model, and the National Weather Service Extended Streamflow Prediction (ESP) methodology.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference","conferenceTitle":"69th Annual Meeting Western Snow Conference","conferenceDate":"16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001","conferenceLocation":"Sun Valley, ID","language":"English","issn":"01610589","usgsCitation":"Jeton, A., 2001, Streamflow forecasting using the modular modeling system and an object-user interface, <i>in</i> Proceedings of The Western Snow Conference, Sun Valley, ID, 16 April 2001 through 19 April 2001, p. 85-91.","startPage":"85","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9aeee4b08c986b31cbba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jeton, A.E.","contributorId":61841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeton","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023068,"text":"70023068 - 2001 - Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023068","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?","docAbstract":"Even though the occurrence and behaviour of pesticides in the environment have been studied for decades, water-quality managers and the public still demand more complete and consistent information, and there are many unanswered questions for environmental scientists. In many respects, the greatest potential for unintended adverse effects of pesticides is through contamination of the hydrologic system, which supports aquatic life and related food chains and is used for recreation, drinking water, and many other purposes. The movement of water is one of the primary mechanisms by which pesticides are transported from targeted application areas to other parts of the environment; thus, there is potential for movement into and through all components of the hydrologic system. Extensive reviews of existing information on pesticides in the hydrologic system, including the atmosphere (Majewski and Capel, 1995), ground water (Barbash and Resek, 1996), surface water (Larson et al., 1997), and fluvial sediments and aquatic biota (Nowell et al., 1999), uncovered volumes of useful information, but also noted critical information gaps. For example: (a) relatively few pesticides have been thoroughly studied, particularly transformation products; (b) most data have been collected for small-scale site and field studies in agricultural areas; (c) urban areas have received little attention for monitoring or research; (d) the geographic and temporal distributions of data collection have been highly uneven; and (e) comparing and synthesizing results from most studies is difficult because of inconsistent approaches to data collection and chemical analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.501","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., 2001, Pesticides in the hydrologic system - What do we know and what's next?: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 16, p. 3197-3201, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.501.","startPage":"3197","endPage":"3201","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208174,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.501"}],"volume":"15","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a776fe4b0c8380cd784c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023064,"text":"70023064 - 2001 - The geology and palynology of lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the Western Kentucky Coal Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023064","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geology and palynology of lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the Western Kentucky Coal Field","docAbstract":"The Western Kentucky Coal Field is the southern tip of the Eastern Interior, or Illinois Basin. Pennsylvanian rocks in this area, which include conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone and coal, were deposited primarily in coastal-deltaic settings at a time when western Kentucky was located close to the equator. This paper discusses temporal changes in regional sedimentation patterns and coal-forming floras of Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the Western Kentucky Coal Field. Lower Pennsylvanian strata of the Caseyville Formation are characterized by paleovalley-filling sedimentation patterns and extabasinal quartz pebbles. Caseyville Formation coals are characterized thin and discontinuous and were strongly influenced by subsidence within underlying paleovalleys, and the dissected lower Pennsylvanian paleotopography. Caseyville coals are commonly dominated by Lycospora, but can also have variable palynofloras, which probably reflects variable edaphic conditions and edge effects within small, patchy paleomires. Tradewater Formation strata show increased marine influences and tidal-estuarine sedimentation, especially in the middle and upper parts. Coal beds in the lower part of the Tradewater typically are thin and discontinuous, although some economically important beds are present. Coals become thicker, more abundant and more laterally persistent towards the top of the formation. Palynologically, lower and middle Tradewater Formation coals are dominated by Lycospora, but begin to show increased amounts of tree fern spores. Middle and upper Tradewater coals are thicker and more continuous, and contain high percentages of tree fern spores. In addition, cordaite pollen is locally abundant in this interval. Carbondale and Shelburn (Desmoinesian) strata are much more laterally continuous, and occur within classic cyclothems that can be traced across the coal field. Cyclothems have long been interpreted as being eustatically driven, and glacio-eustacy controlled not only sedimentation but also the formation of Desmoinesian paleomires. Palynologically, Carbondale and Shelburn coals are either dominated by Lycospora or have heterogeneous palynofloras. Palynologic and coal-quality data suggest that hydrologic base level may have been the primary control on Desmoinesian paleomires, rather than paleoclimate, as the coals display rheotrophic, rather than ombrotrophic characteristics. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00042-8","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Eble, C., Greb, S., and Williams, D., 2001, The geology and palynology of lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata in the Western Kentucky Coal Field: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 189-206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00042-8.","startPage":"189","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208141,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(01)00042-8"},{"id":233623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac69e4b08c986b32349e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, D.A.","contributorId":98048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7114,"text":"Arizona State Unviersity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":396013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023058,"text":"70023058 - 2001 - Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T12:49:54","indexId":"70023058","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3359,"text":"Scientific World Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.","docAbstract":"There is much interest in the relationship of atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs to ecosystem outputs as an indicator of possible \"nitrogen saturation\" by human activity. Longer-term, ecosystem-level mass balance studies suggest that the relationship is not clear and that other ecosystem processes may dominate variation in N outputs. We have been studying small, forested watershed ecosystems in five northern watersheds for periods up to 35 years. Here I summarize the research on ecosystem processes and the N budget. During the past 2 decades, average wet-precipitation N inputs ranged from about 0.1 to 6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) among sites. In general, sites with the lowest N inputs had the highest output-to-input ratios. In the Alaska watersheds, streamwater N output exceeded inputs by 70 to 250%. The ratio of mean monthly headwater nitrate (NO3-) concentration to precipitation NO3- concentration declined with increased precipitation concentration. A series of ecosystem processes have been studied and related to N outputs. The most important appear to be seasonal change in hydrologic flowpath, soil freezing, seasonal forest-floor inorganic N pools resulting from over-winter mineralization beneath the snowpack, spatial variation in watershed forest-floor inorganic N pools, the degree to which snowmelt percolates soils, and gross soil N mineralization rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific World Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishong","doi":"10.1100/tsw.2001.328","issn":"1537744X","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., 2001, Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.: Scientific World Journal, v. 1, no. Suppl 2, p. 581-588, https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.328.","startPage":"581","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.328","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.328"}],"volume":"1","issue":"Suppl 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a059fe4b0c8380cd50e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023050,"text":"70023050 - 2001 - Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:58:34","indexId":"70023050","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades","docAbstract":"Negatively charged functional groups of fulvic acid compete with inorganic sulfide ion for mercury ion binding. This competition is evaluated here by using a discrete site-electrostatic model to calculate mercury solution speciation in the presence of fulvic acid. Model calculated species distributions are used to estimate a mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant to quantify fulvic acid and sulfide ion competition for dissolved inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) ion binding. Speciation calculations done with PHREEQC, modified to use the estimated mercury-fulvic acid apparent binding constant, suggest that mercury-fulvic acid and mercury-sulfide complex concentrations are equivalent for very low sulfide ion concentrations (about 10-11 M) in Everglades' surface water. Where measurable total sulfide concentration (about 10-7 M or greater) is present in Everglades' surface water, mercury-sulfide complexes should dominate dissolved inorganic mercury solution speciation. In the absence of sulfide ion (for example, in oxygenated Everglades' surface water), fulvic acid binding should dominate Everglades' dissolved inorganic mercury speciation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012073503678","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M.M., and Aiken, G., 2001, Fulvic acid-sulfide ion competition for mercury ion binding in the Florida everglades: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 132, no. 1-2, p. 89-104, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012073503678.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.15625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              26.377106813670053\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.8756103515625,\n              25.08062377244484\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140ee4b0c8380cd548ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, Michael M. mmreddy@usgs.gov","contributorId":684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"Michael","email":"mmreddy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":145,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Central Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, George","contributorId":209531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023048,"text":"70023048 - 2001 - Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-30T07:06:08","indexId":"70023048","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers","docAbstract":"Permeability profiles derived from high-resolution flow logs in heterogeneous aquifers provide a limited sample of the most permeable beds or fractures determining the hydraulic properties of those aquifers. This paper demonstrates that flow logs can also be used to infer the large-scale properties of aquifers surrounding boreholes. The analysis is based on the interpretation of the hydraulic head values estimated from the flow log analysis. Pairs of quasi-steady flow profiles obtained under ambient conditions and while either pumping or injecting are used to estimate the hydraulic head in each water-producing zone. Although the analysis yields localized estimates of transmissivity for a few water-producing zones, the hydraulic head estimates apply to the farfield aquifers to which these zones are connected. The hydraulic head data are combined with information from other sources to identify the large-scale structure of heterogeneous aquifers. More complicated cross-borehole flow experiments are used to characterize the pattern of connection between large-scale aquifer units inferred from the hydraulic head estimates. The interpretation of hydraulic heads in situ under steady and transient conditions is illustrated by several case studies, including an example with heterogeneous permeable beds in an unconsolidated aquifer, and four examples with heterogeneous distributions of bedding planes and/or fractures in bedrock aquifers.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02356.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 2001, Hydraulic head applications of flow logs in the study of heterogeneous aquifers: Ground Water, v. 39, no. 5, p. 667-675, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02356.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"667","endPage":"675","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233368,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f0e4b0c8380cd5ebbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023040,"text":"70023040 - 2001 - River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023040","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall","docAbstract":"An important problem in hydrologic science is understanding how river flow is influenced by rainfall properties and drainage basin characteristics. In this paper we consider one approach, the use of mass exponents, in examining the relation of river flow to rainfall and the channel network, which provides the primary conduit for transport of water to the outlet in a large basin. Mass exponents, which characterize the power-law behavior of moments as a function of scale, are ideally suited for defining scaling behavior of processes that exhibit a high degree of variability or intermittency. The main result in this paper is an expression relating the mass exponent of flow resulting from an instantaneous burst of rainfall to the mass exponents of spatial rainfall and that of the network width function. Spatial rainfall is modeled as a random multiplicative cascade and the channel network as a recursive replacement tree; these fractal models reproduce certain types of self-similar behavior seen in actual rainfall and networks. It is shown that under these modeling assumptions the scaling behavior of flow mirrors that of rainfall if rainfall is highly variable in space, and on the other hand flow mirrors the structure of the network if rainfall is not so highly variable. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Water Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8","issn":"03091708","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B., and Over, T., 2001, River flow mass exponents with fractal channel networks and rainfall: Advances in Water Resources, v. 24, no. 9-10, p. 967-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8.","startPage":"967","endPage":"989","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208222,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00031-8"},{"id":233805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadaee4b0c8380cd86f56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, B.M.","contributorId":73638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, T.M.","contributorId":35918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023026,"text":"70023026 - 2001 - Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70023026","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence indicate floods that occur soon after forest fires have been intermittent but common events in many mountainous areas during the past several thousand years. The magnitude and recurrence of these post-fire flood events reflects the joint probability between the recurrence of fires and the recurrence of subsequent rainfall events of varying magnitude and intensity. Following the May 1996 Buffalo Creek, Colorado, forest fire, precipitation amounts and intensities that generated very little surface runoff outside of the burned area resulted in severe hillslope erosion, floods, and streambed sediment entrainment in the rugged, severely burned, 48 km2 area. These floods added sediment to many existing alluvial fans, while simultaneously incising other fans and alluvial deposits. Incision of older fans revealed multiple sequences of fluvially transported sandy gravel that grade upward into charcoal-rich, loamy horizons. We interpret these sequences to represent periods of high sediment transport and aggradation during floods, followed by intervals of quiescence and relative stability in the watershed until a subsequent fire occurred. An alluvial sequence near the mouth of a tributary draining a 0??82 km2 area indicated several previous post-fire flood cycles in the watershed. Dendrochronologic and radiocarbon ages of material in this deposit span approximately 2900 years, and define three aggradational periods. The three general aggradational periods are separated by intervals of approximately nine to ten centuries and reflect a 'millennium-scale' geomorphic response to a closely timed sequence of events: severe and intense, watershed-scale, stand-replacing fires and subsequent rainstorms and flooding. Millennium-scale aggradational units at the study site may have resulted from a scenario in which the initial runoff from the burned watershed transported and deposited large volumes of sediment on downstream alluvial surfaces and tributary fans. Subsequent storm runoff may have produced localized incision and channelization, preventing additional vertical aggradation on the sampled alluvial deposit for several centuries. Two of the millennium-scale aggradational periods at the study site consist of multiple gravel and loam sequences with similar radiocarbon ages. These closely dated sequences may reflect a 'multidecade-scale' geomorphic response to more frequent, but aerially limited and less severe fires, followed by rainstorms of relatively common recurrence. Published in 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.390","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., and Parker, R.S., 2001, Developing a post-fire flood chronology and recurrence probability from alluvial stratigraphy in the Buffalo Creek watershed, Colorado, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 15, p. 3039-3051, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.390.","startPage":"3039","endPage":"3051","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208121,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.390"},{"id":233584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a000be4b0c8380cd4f560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, R. S.","contributorId":104510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023023,"text":"70023023 - 2001 - Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70023023","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Alpine/subalpine basins may exhibit substantial variability in solute fluxes despite many apparent similarities in basin characteristics. An evaluation of controls on spatial patterns in solute fluxes may allow development of predictive tools for assessing basin sensitivity to outside perturbations such as climate change or deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Relationships between basin physical characteristics, determined from geographical information system (GIS) tools, and solute fluxes and mineral weathering rates were explored for nine alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, using correlation analyses for 1993 and 1994 data. Stream-water nitrate fluxes were correlated positively with basin characteristics associated with the talus environment; i.e., the fractional amounts of steep slopes (??? 30??), unvegetated terrain and young debris (primarily Holocene till) in the basins, and were correlated negatively with fractional amounts of subalpine meadow terrain. Correlations with nitrate indicate the importance of the talus environment in promoting nitrate flux and the mitigating effect of areas with established vegetation, such as subalpine meadows. Total mineral weathering rates for the basins ranged from about 300 to 600 mol ha-1 year -1. Oligoclase weathering accounted for 30 to 73% of the total mineral weathering flux, and was positively correlated with the amount of old debris (primarily Pleistocene glacial till) in the basins. Although calcite is found in trace amounts in bedrock, calcite weathering accounted for up to 44% of the total mineral weathering flux. Calcite was strongly correlated with steep slope, unvegetated terrain, and young debris-probably because physical weathering in steep-gradient areas exposes fresh mineral surfaces that contain calcite for chemical weathering. Oligoclase and calcite weathering are the dominant sources of alkalinity in the basins. However, atmospherically deposited acids consume much of the alkalinity generated by weathering of calcite and other minerals in the talus environment. Published in 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.265","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Sueker, J., Clow, D.W., Ryan, J.N., and Jarrett, R., 2001, Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 14, p. 2749-2769, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.265.","startPage":"2749","endPage":"2769","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":498976,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.265","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208089,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.265"}],"volume":"15","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c2e4b0c8380cd50f40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sueker, J.K.","contributorId":61977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sueker","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clow, D. W.","contributorId":23531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryan, J. N.","contributorId":102649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70023003,"text":"70023003 - 2001 - Development and application of a spatial hydrology model of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T15:47:25.999921","indexId":"70023003","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and application of a spatial hydrology model of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia","docAbstract":"The model described herein was used to assess effects of the Suwannee River sill (a low earthen dam constructed to impound the Suwannee River within the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge to eliminate wildfires) on the hydrologic environment of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia. Developed with Arc/Info Macro Language routines in the GRID environment, the model distributes water in the swamp landscape using precipitation, inflow, evapotranspiration, outflow, and standing water. Water movement direction and rate are determined by the neighborhood topographic gradient, determined using survey grade Global Positioning Systems technology. Model data include flow rates from USGS monitored gauges, precipitation volumes and water levels measured within the swamp, and estimated evapotranspiration volumes spatially modified by vegetation type. Model output in semi-monthly time steps includes water depth, water surface elevation above mean sea level, and movement direction and volume. Model simulations indicate the sill impoundment affects 18 percent of the swamp during high water conditions when wildfires are scarce and has minimal spatial effect (increasing hydroperiods in less than 5 percent of the swamp) during low water and drought conditions when fire occurrence is high but precipitation and inflow volumes are limited.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05524.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Loftin, C., Kitchens, W., and Ansay, N., 2001, Development and application of a spatial hydrology model of Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 4, p. 935-956, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05524.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"935","endPage":"956","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, Okefenokee Swamp","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.5017500707548,\n              30.58649607189379\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.21808940965376,\n              30.569253128795935\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2119609385807,\n              30.544374040043465\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.19445102122876,\n              30.542866011517134\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.15330271545182,\n              30.55869914281803\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.13053982289415,\n              30.63481286655275\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.12528684768841,\n              30.65439681804088\n            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W.M.","contributorId":87647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchens","given":"W.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ansay, N.","contributorId":42760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ansay","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023000,"text":"70023000 - 2001 - A process for fire-related debris flow initiation, Cerro Grande fire, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:36","indexId":"70023000","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A process for fire-related debris flow initiation, Cerro Grande fire, New Mexico","docAbstract":"In this study we examine factors that pertain to the generation of debris flows from a basin recently burned by wildfire. Throughout the summer 2000 thunderstorm season, we monitored rain gauges, channel cross-sections, hillslope transects, and nine sediment-runoff traps deployed in a steep, 0??15 km2 basin burned by the May 2000 Cerro Grande fire in New Mexico. Debris flows were triggered in the monitored basin during a rainstorm on July 16, 2000, in response to a maximum 30 min rainfall intensity of 31 mm h-1 (return period of approximately 2 years). Eleven other storms occurred before and after the July storm; these storms resulted in significant runoff, but did not generate debris flows. The debris flows generated by the July 16 storm initiated on a broad, open hillslope as levee-lined rills. The levees were composed of gravel- and cobble-sized material supported by an abundant fine-grained matrix. Debris-flow deposits were observed only on the hillslopes and in the first and second-order drainages of the monitored basin. No significant amounts of channel incision were measured following the passage of the debris flows, indicating that most of the material in the flows originated from the hillslopes. Sediment-runoff concentrations of between 0??23 and 0??81 kg 1-1 (with a mean of 0-42 kg 1-1) were measured from the hillslope traps following the debris-flow-producing storm. These concentrations, however, were not unique to the July 16 storm. The materials entrained by the July 16 storm contained a higher proportion of silt- plus clay-sized materials in the <2 mm fraction than the materials collected from storms that produced comparable sediment-runoff concentrations but not debris flows. The difference in materials demonstrates the critical role of the availability of fine-grained wood ash mantling the hillslopes in the runoff-dominated generation of post-wildfire debris flows. The highest sediment-runoff concentrations, again not unique to debris-flow production, were produced from maximum 30 min rainfall intensities greater than 20 mm h-1. Copyright ?? 2001 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.388","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S., Bigio, E., and Mine, E., 2001, A process for fire-related debris flow initiation, Cerro Grande fire, New Mexico: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 15, p. 3011-3023, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.388.","startPage":"3011","endPage":"3023","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208203,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.388"}],"volume":"15","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e50de4b0c8380cd46ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, S.H.","contributorId":38154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bigio, E.R.","contributorId":81283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bigio","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mine, E.","contributorId":77332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mine","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70022999,"text":"70022999 - 2001 - Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:20:49","indexId":"70022999","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA","docAbstract":"<p>Wildfire alters the hydrologic response of watersheds, including the peak discharges resulting from subsequent rainfall. Improving predictions of the magnitude of flooding that follows wildfire is needed because of the increase in human population at risk in the wildland-urban interface. Because this wildland-urban interface is typically in mountainous terrain, we investigated rainfall-runoff relations by measuring the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity and the unit-area peak discharge (peak discharge divided by the area burned) in three mountainous watersheds (17-26.8 km<sup>2</sup>) after a wildfire. We found rainfall-runoff relations that relate the unit-area peak discharges to the maximum 30 min rainfall intensities by a power law. These rainfall-runoff relations appear to have a threshold value for the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (around 10 mm h<sup>-1</sup>) such that, above this threshold, the magnitude of the flood peaks increases more rapidly with increases in intensity. This rainfall intensity could be used to set threshold limits in rain gauges that are part of an early-warning flood system after wildfire. The maximum unit-area peak discharges from these three burned watersheds ranged from 3.2 to 50 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> km<sup>-2</sup>. These values could provide initial estimates of the upper limits of runoff that can be used to predict floods after wildfires in mountainous terrain. Published in 2001 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.386","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Moody, J.A., and Martin, D., 2001, Post-fire, rainfall intensity-peak discharge relations for three mountainous watersheds in the Western USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 15, p. 2981-2993, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.386.","startPage":"2981","endPage":"2993","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208189,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.386"}],"volume":"15","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e64e4b0c8380cd7a4f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moody, J. A.","contributorId":32930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, D.A.","contributorId":61548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022998,"text":"70022998 - 2001 - Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T07:57:55","indexId":"70022998","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California","docAbstract":"The nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents in reclaimed water (tertiary-treated municipal wastewater) before, during, and after recharge into groundwater at the Montebello Forebay in Los Angeles County, CA, was the focus of this study. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reclaimed water from this site is primarily a mixture of aromatic sulfonates from anionic surfactant degradation, N-acetyl amino sugars and proteins from bacterial activity, and natural fulvic acid, whereas DOM from native groundwaters in the aquifer to which reclaimed water was recharged consists of natural fulvic acids. The hydrophilic neutral N-acetyl amino sugars that constitute 40% of the DOM in reclaimed water are removed during the first 3 m of vertical infiltration in the recharge basin. Groundwater age dating with 3H and 3He isotopes, and determinations of organic and inorganic C isotopes, enabled clear differentiation of recent recharged water from older native groundwater. Phenol structures in natural fulvic acids in DOM isolated from groundwater produced significant trihalomethanes (THM) and total organic halogen (TOX) yields upon chlorination, and these structures also were responsible for the enhanced SUVA and specific fluorescence characteristics relative to DOM in reclaimed water. Aromatic sulfonates and fulvic acids in reclaimed water DOM produced minimal THM and TOX yields.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es001905f","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Rostad, C., Barber, L.B., Schroeder, R.A., Anders, R., and Davisson, M., 2001, Nature and chlorine reactivity of organic constituents from reclaimed water in groundwater, Los Angeles County, California: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 19, p. 3869-3876, https://doi.org/10.1021/es001905f.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3869","endPage":"3876","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":208188,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es001905f"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles County","volume":"35","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6390e4b0c8380cd72574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Davisson, M.L.","contributorId":62277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davisson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}