Two phases (pink and white granite) of the Sebago batholith of southwestern Maine have been dated by the U-Pb zircon method. Identical upper concordia intercepts of both rocks indicate an intrusive age of 325 ± 3 m.y. for the batholith. The lower intercept of the pink-phase sample, 114 ± 13 m.y., is inferred to represent episodic lead loss due to the intrusion of the nearby Cretaceous Pleasant Mountain stock. The lower intercept of the white-phase sample, 18 ± 21 m.y., suggests only modern dilatancy lead loss. Monazites have ages of 272 m.y. (pink) and 282 m.y. (white) which are thought to be cooling ages. Rb-Sr whole-rock data have low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7031 (pink) and 0.7053 (white). These data, in conjunction with published 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and fission-track ages, suggest that little or no uplift occurred in this part of New England until the Permian and that the uplift rate from 275 m.y. to 225 m.y. was ∼3 times as rapid as was the rate for 225 m.y. to the present. The Carboniferous age of the Sebago batholith suggests that currently accepted metamorphic and tectonic interpretations for southwestern Maine and for east-central New Hampshire require revision.
Evidence for previous periods of hydrothermal activity in Long Valley caldera exists in the form of extensive deposits of hydrothermal alteration products at several locations within the caldera and saline deposits in Searles Lake which contain mineral assemblages contributed by hot spring discharge from Long Valley. Hydrothermal activity was more intense in the past and probably involved fluid circulation to depths of several kilometers or more with heat supplied by the Long Valley magma chamber. During the past 40,000 years the heat source may have shifted to the Inyo-Mono magmatic system beneath the west moat, where deep fluid circulation supplied hot water to shallower zones of lateral flow within the Bishop Tuff beneath the resurgent dome. The present-day hydrothermal system in Long Valley appears to consist of two principal zones in which hot water flows laterally from west to east at depths of less than 1 km within and around the resurgent dome. Maximum measured temperatures within these zones are near 170°C, but estimates from chemical geothermometers and extrapolation of a high-temperature gradient measured in a recent drill hole indicate that a source reservoir at temperatures near 240° may exist at greater depths within the Bishop Tuff beneath the west moat. Regions possibly containing silicic melt detected by shear wave attenuation at depths of 4–5 km beneath the resurgent dome have probably not been in place long enough to influence sensibly the overlying thermal regime within the upper 2 km of caldera fill.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB13p11219","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., 1985, Evolution and present state of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B13, p. 11219-11228, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB13p11219.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11219","endPage":"11228","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222563,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d76e4b0c8380cd5302b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012672,"text":"70012672 - 1985 - Harmonic analysis of tides and tidal currents in South San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T15:57:40.31139","indexId":"70012672","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Harmonic analysis of tides and tidal currents in South San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Water level observations from tide stations and current observations from current-meter moorings in South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California have been harmonically analysed. At each tide station, 13 harmonic constituents have been computed by a least-squares regression without inference. Tides in South Bay are typically mixed; there is a phase lag of approximately 1 h and an amplification of 1·5 from north to south for a mean semi-diurnal tide. Because most of the current-meter records are between 14 and 29 days, only the five most important harmonics have been solved for east-west and north-south velocity components. The eccentricity of tidal-current ellipse is generally very small, which indicates that the tidal current in South Bay is strongly bidirectional. The analyses further show that the principal direction and the magnitude of tidal current are well correlated with the basin bathymetry. Patterns of Eulerian residual circulation deduced from the current-meter data show an anticlockwise gyre to the west and a clockwise gyre to the east of the main channel in the summer months due to the prevailing westerly wind. Opposite trends have been observed during winter when the wind was variable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(85)90006-X","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Gartner, J.W., 1985, Harmonic analysis of tides and tidal currents in South San Francisco Bay, California: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 21, no. 1, p. 57-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90006-X.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"74","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.31492171250483,\n 37.80882267928874\n ],\n [\n -122.40900839121292,\n 37.8029759392894\n ],\n [\n -122.39632254689272,\n 37.789610224027044\n ],\n [\n -122.39949400797269,\n 37.74866268048801\n ],\n [\n -122.38469385626583,\n 37.734451092534556\n ],\n [\n -122.40160831535962,\n 37.708528820279156\n ],\n [\n -122.40372262274627,\n 37.66502593191984\n ],\n [\n -122.38786531734608,\n 37.65414622325642\n ],\n [\n -122.3952653931994,\n 37.643264920279464\n ],\n [\n -122.38575100995917,\n 37.59888618867872\n ],\n [\n -122.35297924546545,\n 37.58548363043174\n ],\n [\n -122.32337894205173,\n 37.58129483600311\n ],\n [\n -122.29589294602467,\n 37.55280478393831\n ],\n [\n -122.2218921874901,\n 37.484887533061524\n ],\n [\n -122.16057727327573,\n 37.49159816068652\n ],\n [\n -122.14154850679554,\n 37.49830818545604\n ],\n [\n -122.12463404770176,\n 37.46139558943348\n ],\n [\n -122.10877674230159,\n 37.43118081381692\n ],\n [\n -122.04534752070057,\n 37.41858772281982\n ],\n [\n -121.97663253063288,\n 37.408511725080615\n ],\n [\n -121.9554894567658,\n 37.42950185739734\n ],\n [\n -121.93434638289895,\n 37.444611109469776\n ],\n [\n -121.92800346073872,\n 37.46391293655827\n ],\n [\n -121.93751784397895,\n 37.479015239389085\n ],\n [\n -122.01257575620684,\n 37.51172642627711\n ],\n [\n -122.0305473689937,\n 37.49411449062386\n ],\n [\n -122.06966205564764,\n 37.50669486859469\n ],\n [\n -122.05169044286079,\n 37.51927312685231\n ],\n [\n -122.05697621132744,\n 37.5301725692041\n ],\n [\n -122.06649059456765,\n 37.53268759898452\n ],\n [\n -122.08974797582141,\n 37.55196667627858\n ],\n [\n -122.09080512951473,\n 37.56034732873803\n ],\n [\n -122.07600497780788,\n 37.566213224637934\n ],\n [\n -122.0844622073545,\n 37.58548363043174\n ],\n [\n -122.08657651474141,\n 37.59888618867872\n ],\n [\n -122.11934827923513,\n 37.59553577540166\n ],\n [\n -122.13731989202198,\n 37.59469814851079\n ],\n [\n -122.13309127724867,\n 37.6223348571593\n ],\n [\n -122.14366281418222,\n 37.62317217286383\n ],\n [\n -122.15000573634218,\n 37.654983180527296\n ],\n [\n -122.15952011958241,\n 37.67841415370688\n ],\n [\n -122.17114881020927,\n 37.6876171549719\n ],\n [\n -122.18383465452948,\n 37.70351055855673\n ],\n [\n -122.1880632693028,\n 37.731942882017194\n ],\n [\n -122.2134349579432,\n 37.76454299081597\n ],\n [\n -122.26946410369092,\n 37.77624209074396\n ],\n [\n -122.31915032727817,\n 37.78793933959625\n ],\n [\n -122.31492171250483,\n 37.80882267928874\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f78e4b0c8380cd5cdf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013048,"text":"70013048 - 1985 - The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T16:38:35","indexId":"70013048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","docAbstract":"An 800-km 2 area of rough topography around the head of Hudson Canyon off the eastern United States is attributed to erosion by tilefish ( Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps ) and associated species of crustaceans. The rough topography has a relief of 1-10 m, occurs in water depths of 120-500 m, and has been cut into a semilithified, silty clay substrate since the onset of the Holocene transgression. Commercial fishing activity indicates that a large population of tilefish, which dig burrows in the sea floor, occupy the area of the rough topography. Average tilefish burrows are 1.6 m in diameter and 1.7 m in depth. They have a clustered, not uniform, distribution, and their average density is 2,500 per km 2 . The close match of areas of rough topography and high tilefish populations, the active burrowing of the sea floor, and the clustered distribution of the burrows suggest that the hummocky topography in this area may be the result of continuous erosion by tilefish and associated crustaceans during the Holocene. An erosion rate of 13 cm per 1,000 years is necessary to create this topography during the past 13,000 years--and 18 cm per 1,000 years if(as is more likely based on the depths at which tilefish presently are found) the erosion started 9,000 years ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Grimes, C.B., Jones, R.S., and Able, K., 1985, The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.6,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -72.6,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -72.6,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6be4b08c986b32479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, R. S.","contributorId":26288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013024,"text":"70013024 - 1985 - The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T17:49:04.506001","indexId":"70013024","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","title":"The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland","docAbstract":"Poor light penetration and grazing are among the factors potentially responsible for the lack of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. Between 1980 and 1983, plugs, springs and tubers of Vallisneria americana Michx were transplanted from the oligohaline Potomac Estuary to six sites in the freshwater tidal Potomac River. Transplants made in 1980 and 1981 were generally successful only when protected by full exclosures which prevented grazing. Grazing resulted in the removal of whole plants or clipping off of plant leaves in unprotected plots. Plants protected in the first year were permanently established, despite the occurrence of grazing in subsequent years, at Elodea Cove and Rosier Bluff, where light penetration was high (average 1% light level was 1.6–1.7 m). Plants were not permanent;y established at Goose Island, where light penetration was lower (average 1% light level was 1.4 m) and grazing occurred, or Neabsco Bay where light penetration was very low (average 1% light level was 1.0 m) and grazing may not have occurred. In 1983, Secchi depth transparencies in the upper tidal river were improved significantly compared to 1978–1981. Both protected and unprotected transplants thrived in 1983.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3770(85)90066-X","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., and Rybicki, N.B., 1985, The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland: Aquatic Botany, v. 23, no. 3, p. 197-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(85)90066-X.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.22855763178708,\n 38.59197201572752\n ],\n [\n -77.14942357452662,\n 38.598464452803654\n ],\n [\n -77.10133105353873,\n 38.6237451892448\n ],\n [\n -77.0882149114515,\n 38.6479926563467\n ],\n [\n -77.09564739196809,\n 38.671549236628664\n ],\n [\n -76.99771353104805,\n 38.68895564184464\n ],\n [\n -76.99552750736672,\n 38.738762332152504\n ],\n [\n -77.01301593816976,\n 38.80727509735124\n ],\n [\n -77.01126711922468,\n 38.85597788791455\n ],\n [\n -77.02919251341086,\n 38.85461602513939\n ],\n [\n -77.03575058445406,\n 38.822945364754844\n ],\n [\n -77.03575058445406,\n 38.789897510057386\n ],\n [\n -77.03924822234423,\n 38.74728746603765\n ],\n [\n -77.04274586023436,\n 38.71147536450266\n ],\n [\n -77.0816570817606,\n 38.70465197660971\n ],\n [\n -77.11444743697908,\n 38.68588430232515\n ],\n [\n -77.14461455361123,\n 38.662332266896414\n ],\n [\n -77.12668915942506,\n 38.63877265485374\n ],\n [\n -77.22899506770776,\n 38.59197191544166\n ],\n [\n -77.22855763178708,\n 38.59197201572752\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab7de4b08c986b322ea4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013068,"text":"70013068 - 1985 - Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:01:26","indexId":"70013068","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama","docAbstract":"Geochemical samples of waters along two hydrologic flow paths in four Upper Cretaceous aquifers of northeastern Mississippi and western Alabama indicate similar geochemical evolution of their respective waters. The waters of the Coker, Gordo, and Eutaw-McShan aquifers, noncalcareous sands, increase downgradient in dissolved solids and pH, and are dominated by sodium and bicarbonate ions, which generally result from a calcite dissolution-cation exchange process. Increases in dissolved iron from oxidation reduction reactions followed by decreases in total inorganic carbon from siderite precipitation occur along the flow paths. As the total inorganic carbon increases, carbon 13 (δ13C) generally is enriched in the moving waters, indicating the addition of a predominantly heavy source of carbon, most likely dissolving calcite. In the Coker aquifer δ13C values in the waters become more negative downgradient, resulting from lignite oxidation, followed by δ13C values becoming more positive, resulting from dissolving calcite and perhaps some mixing with brines. In northeastern Mississippi the Ripley aquifer, a calcareous sand, initially contains calcium-bicarbonate dominated water that evolves to a sodium- bicarbonate dominated water downgradient, primarily from the calcite dissolution-cation exchange process. Feldspar hydrolysis to kaolinite dominates aluminosilicate reactions in the upgradient parts of the aquifers. Authigenesis of smectite clay may be occurring in the deeper, downgradient parts of the aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i010p01545","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., 1985, Geochemistry of groundwater in Cretaceous sediments of the southeastern coastal plain of eastern Mississippi and western Alabama: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 10, p. 1545-1556, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i010p01545.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1545","endPage":"1556","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern Coastal Plain","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16fbe4b0c8380cd55334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Roger W.","contributorId":105273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013085,"text":"70013085 - 1985 - Review of radiometric data from the Yukon crystalline terrane, Alaska and Yukon Territory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-22T13:43:33.339161","indexId":"70013085","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of radiometric data from the Yukon crystalline terrane, Alaska and Yukon Territory","docAbstract":"The results of more than 20 years of geochronological studies in the Yukon Crystalline Terrane in east-central Alaska and the western Yukon Territory suggest at least six igneous and thermal (metamorphic?) events. Plutonism during Mississippian, Early Jurassic, mid-Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, and early Tertiary times is indicated. Evidence also indicates that Mississippian, Early Jurassic, late Early Cretaceous, and late Cretaceous thermal (metamorphic?) events have affected parts of the terrane. The western part of the terrane was affected by a significant regional metamorphic event in late Early Cretaceous time, followed by a terrane-wide mid-Cretaceous plutonic event. The pattern of K–Ar ages allows division of the terrane into domains, bounded by northeast-trending lineaments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e85-054","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., Smith, J., and Shew, N.B., 1985, Review of radiometric data from the Yukon crystalline terrane, Alaska and Yukon Territory: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, no. 4, p. 525-537, https://doi.org/10.1139/e85-054.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"537","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Yukon Territory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -151.51883061137877,\n 65.32194082705297\n ],\n [\n -151.25206169421065,\n 63.0309699538179\n ],\n [\n -150.66895284118078,\n 63.19728876362498\n ],\n [\n -148.63702067089483,\n 63.47986896015658\n ],\n [\n -146.42542950151739,\n 63.39867790921082\n ],\n [\n -144.44632308248936,\n 63.186267580160404\n ],\n [\n -142.97582625471003,\n 62.55095482575604\n ],\n [\n -141.00464129063283,\n 61.99930737243639\n ],\n [\n -139.22927937338298,\n 61.21289443531671\n ],\n [\n -137.63183389378898,\n 60.6816225630009\n ],\n [\n -137.6866320994412,\n 64.46269841238532\n ],\n [\n -139.35532331186198,\n 64.8432147697076\n ],\n [\n -141.3202898879087,\n 65.30494120841993\n ],\n [\n -144.00274995368412,\n 65.70286460976925\n ],\n [\n -147.170413284853,\n 66.01636537440712\n ],\n [\n -150.11392640247573,\n 65.817827413815\n ],\n [\n -151.51883061137877,\n 65.32194082705297\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aac7be4b0c8380cd86d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shew, Nora B. 0000-0003-0025-7220 nshew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-7220","contributorId":3382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shew","given":"Nora","email":"nshew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013093,"text":"70013093 - 1985 - Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:02:29","indexId":"70013093","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components","docAbstract":"Interannual modes of streamflow variation at 106 locations across the United States during the period 1931–1978 are defined by using principal components. Five statistically significant components are found to account for more than 56% of the total streamflow variance. The first principal component represents a nationwide tendency for either above- or below-mean streamflow. The second component represents a north-south opposition in departures from mean flow, and the third, an east-west opposition. Higher-order components (fourth and fifth) geographically depict regional patterns of opposition in the sign of streamflow departures between coastal-continental areas and between the northern and southern plains, respectively. Analyses using spatially and temporally modified data sets indicate that the first three components (which explain 45% of the variance) are quite stable spatially, while only the first component is stable temporally. Time series analysis of principal component scores indicates that all but the fourth component are first-order autoregressive processes, as is mean annual nationwide streamflow. The fourth component is an autoregressive (AR)(2) process. In general, the principal components of streamflow are found to exhibit more persistence over annual time scales than the mean annual flow data themselves.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00691","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., 1985, Interannual streamflow variability in the United States based on principal components: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 691-701, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00691.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"691","endPage":"701","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ce6e4b0c8380cd63139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012661,"text":"70012661 - 1985 - In situ stress, natural fracture distribution, and borehole elongation in the Auburn Geothermal Well, Auburn, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T15:08:05.817854","indexId":"70012661","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ stress, natural fracture distribution, and borehole elongation in the Auburn Geothermal Well, Auburn, New York","docAbstract":"Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements and a borehole televiewer survey were conducted in a 1.6‐km‐deep well at Auburn, New York. This well, which was drilled at the outer margin of the Appalachian Fold and Thrust Belt in the Appalachian Plateau, penetrates approximately 1540 m of lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and terminates 60 m into the Precambrian marble basement. Analysis of the hydraulic fracturing tests indicates that the minimum horizontal principal stress increases in a nearly linear fashion from 9.9±0.2 MPa at 593 m to 30.6±0.4 MPa at 1482 m. The magnitude of the maximum horizontal principal stress increases in a less regular fashion from 13.8±1.2 MPa to 49.0±2.0 MPa over the same depth range. The magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses relative to the calculated overburden stress are somewhat lower than is the norm for this region and are indicative of a strike‐slip faulting regime that, at some depths, is transitional to normal faulting. As expected from the relative aseismicity of central New York State, however, analysis of the magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses indicates, at least to a depth of 1.5 km, that frictional failure on favorably oriented preexisting fault planes is unlikely. Orientations of the hydraulic fractures at 593 and 919 m indicate that the azimuth of the maximum horizontal principal stress at Auburn is N83°E±15°, in agreement with other stress field indicators for this region. The borehole televiewer log revealed a considerable number of planar features in the Auburn well, the great majority of which are subhorizontal (dips < 5°) and are thought to be bedding plane washouts or drill bit scour marks. In addition, a smaller number of distinct natural fractures were observed on the borehole televiewer log. Of these, the distinct steeply dipping natural fractures in the lower half of the sedimentary section at Auburn tend to strike approximately east‐west, while those in the upper part of the well and in the Precambrian basement exhibit no strong preferred orientation. The origin of this east‐west striking fracture set is uncertain, as it is parallel both to the contemporary direction of maximum horizontal compression and to a late Paleozoic fracture set that has been mapped to the south of Auburn. In addition to these planar features the borehole televiewer log indicates paired dark bands on diametrically opposite sides of the borehole throughout the Auburn well. Processing of the borehole televiewer data in the time domain revealed these features to be irregular depressions in the borehole wall. As these depressions were consistently oriented in a direction at right angles to the direction of maximum horizontal compression, we interpret them to be the result of stress‐induced spalling of the borehole wall (breakouts).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB07p05497","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S.H., Healy, J., and Zoback, M.D., 1985, In situ stress, natural fracture distribution, and borehole elongation in the Auburn Geothermal Well, Auburn, New York: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 90, no. B7, p. 5497-5512, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB07p05497.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5497","endPage":"5512","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","city":"Auburn","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.05535888671874,\n 42.736926481692684\n ],\n [\n -76.3494873046875,\n 42.736926481692684\n ],\n [\n -76.3494873046875,\n 43.18314981723581\n ],\n [\n -77.05535888671874,\n 43.18314981723581\n ],\n [\n -77.05535888671874,\n 42.736926481692684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37cce4b0c8380cd61187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, John H.","contributorId":19562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":102455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012906,"text":"70012906 - 1985 - Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation: Environmental inferences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:21:13.132466","indexId":"70012906","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and interregional changes in Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation: Environmental inferences","docAbstract":"Quantitative analysis of Pennsylvanian coal-swamp vegetation provides a means of inferring organization and structure of communities. Distribution of these communities further provides inferences about environmental factors, including paleoclimate. Our observations are based on in situ, structurally preserved peat deposits in coal-ball concretions from 32 coal seams in the eastern one-half of the United States and from several seams in western Europe and on spore assemblages from more than 150 seams.
There were three times of particularly significant and nearly synchronous vegetational changes in the Midcontinent and Appalachian coal regions during the Pennsylvanian Period. Each was different in kind and magnitude. The first marked changes occurred during the early part of the Middle Pennsylvanian with the fluctuating decline in the high level of lycopod dominance. The abundance of cordaites increased. There was a rise in the occurrences of the lycopod herbs to form intercalated marshlands and an overall increase in floral diversity. Changes ensuing from this time also include shifts in dominant species of lycopod trees and a sustained rise in abundance and diversity of tree-fern spores. The next significant time of change was during the middle part of the Middle Pennsylvanian, representing both a culmination of earlier trends and expansions of cordaites in the Midcontinent where there was a maximum change in species without net loss of diversity. Tree ferns and medullosan pteridosperms attained subdominant levels of abundance and diverse lycopod species dominated except in the Atokan-Desmoinesian transition of the Midcontinent. The third and sharpest break occurred near the Middle—Late Pennsylvanian boundary when extinctionsof the dominant, coal-swamp lycopods allowed development of tree-fern dominance. The Late Pennsylvanian coal swamps apparently were colonized or recolonized mainly by species from outside coal swamps rather than by the survivor populations of the Middle Pennsylvanian swamps.
Paralleling the changes in floras through the Pennsylvanian are changes in preservational aspects of the peat. These include a decline in shoot/root ratios from approximately 1 to < 1 during the first time of vegetational changes and a rise in this ratio during the second; there was a parallel rise and fall in fusain abundance and a rise in wood/periderm ratios. The stratigraphic distribution of identified coal resources in the United States is interpreted as largely dependent on net changes in relative wetness of Pennsylvanian coal swamps, a pattern of drying during the first period of vegetational change, followed by a concomitant increase in continuous wet climate with brackish influence in the Midcontinent during the second; this was followed by a time of extreme moisture stress bringing on the third, and most severe, vegetational change.
In 1981, the United States Geological Survey recorded a seismic-refraction profile across the southern Santa Cruz Mountains in west-central California to examine the shallow velocity structure of this seismogenic region. This 40-km-long profile, which consisted of three shotpoints, extended northeastward from near Watsonville, California, to Coyote Lake, crossing the San Andreas, Sargent, and Calaveras faults. This entire region is characterized by a highly heterogeneous upper crust. West of Watsonville, 1 km of alluvium with a velocity of 2.12 km/sec overlies a basement with a velocity 5.45 km/sec. The abrupt deepening of basement by 1.5 km just east of Watsonville at a subsurface fault suggests that the Zayante fault to the north and the Vergeles fault to the south are connected. The Tertiary sediment at the San Andreas fault is 2.5 km thick and has a velocity of 3.34 km/sec. The San Andreas fault is not marked by any distinctive seismic velocity features, whereas a 1-km-wide low velocity zone is found at both the Sargent and Calaveras faults. East of the Sargent fault, the basement surface forms a broad anticlinal structure, with velocities ranging from 5.4 to 6.0 km/sec. From the anticlinal crest, basement dips to the east beneath the Santa Clara Valley and reaches a maximum depth of 1 km on the east side; the overlying alluvium has a velocity of 2.7 km/sec. At the crest of the basement anticlinal structure, a vertical low-velocity zone coincident with exposed serpentine provides strong evidence of faulting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750010175","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., and Colburn, R.H., 1985, A seismic-refraction profile across the San Andreas, Sargent, and Calaveras faults, west-central California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 1, p. 175-191, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750010175.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/1/175/118661/A-seismic-refract"},{"id":221971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.34924316406251,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -120.41839599609375,\n 36.40359962073253\n ],\n [\n -120.41839599609375,\n 37.17126017626408\n ],\n [\n -122.34924316406251,\n 37.17126017626408\n ],\n [\n -122.34924316406251,\n 36.40359962073253\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf2be4b0c8380cd8740e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colburn, Robert H.","contributorId":75275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colburn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013055,"text":"70013055 - 1985 - Character and regional significance of Great Falls tectonic zone, east-central Idaho and west-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T17:01:30.219496","indexId":"70013055","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Character and regional significance of Great Falls tectonic zone, east-central Idaho and west-central Montana","docAbstract":"The Great Falls tectonic zone, here named, is a belt of diverse northeast-trending geologic features that can be traced from the Idaho batholith in the Cordilleran miogeocline, across thrust-belt structures and basement rocks of west-central and southwestern Montana, through cratonic rocks of central Montana, and into southwesternmost Saskatchewan, Canada. Geologic mapping in east-central Idaho and west-central Montana has outlined a continuous zone of high-angle faults and shear zones. These structures (1) extend more than 150 km (93 mi) northeastward from near Salmon, Idaho, toward Anaconda, Montana, (2) had recurrent movement from middle Proterozoic to Holocene time, (3) controlled the intrusion and orientation of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary dike swarms, and (4) ontrolled the uplift and orientation of the Anaconda-Pintlar Range. Recurrent fault movement in this zone and strong structural control over igneous intrusion suggest a fundamental tectonic feature that has influenced the tectonic development of the Idaho-Montana area from at least middle Proterozoic time to the present.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD462506-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"O’Neill, J.M., and Lopez, D.A., 1985, Character and regional significance of Great Falls tectonic zone, east-central Idaho and west-central Montana: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 3, p. 437-447, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD462506-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"447","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220229,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Great Falls tectonic zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.94970703125,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -111.20361328125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -115.94970703125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -115.94970703125,\n 44.62175409623324\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cae4b0c8380cd4b38e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lopez, David A.","contributorId":79445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135807,"text":"70135807 - 1985 - A note on the effect of bottom currents on an ocean bottom seismometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T15:42:40.943336","indexId":"70135807","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the effect of bottom currents on an ocean bottom seismometer","docAbstract":"Two three-component ocean bottom seismometers and a current meter were deployed a few hundred meters apart on the southern Blake Plateau off the United States eastern coast to study the effect of near-bottom currents on the background noise level of seismometers. Although analysis of the data is limited somewhat by instrumental problems, the increase in current speed, which ranged from 2 to 25 cm/sec, is correlated with a broadband increase in the noise level at frequencies below 10 Hz. Intermittent periods of narrow-band 8-Hz noise, which were also observed, are not correlative with bottom currents and were tentatively attributed to passing ships. Details of the mechanism of generation of the background noise cannot be determined from the present data set.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750041195","usgsCitation":"Trehu, A.M., 1985, A note on the effect of bottom currents on an ocean bottom seismometer: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 4, p. 1195-1204, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750041195.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296757,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/4/1195/118796/A-note-on-the-effect-of-bottom-currents-on-an"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Blake Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -76.9921875,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 30.06909396443887\n ],\n [\n -80.068359375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b73ce4b00eda8915ad05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trehu, Anne M.","contributorId":49884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197496,"text":"70197496 - 1985 - Paleomagnetism and geology of Eocene volcanic rocks of southwest Washington, implications for mechanisms of tectonic rotation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T15:29:48","indexId":"70197496","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleomagnetism and geology of Eocene volcanic rocks of southwest Washington, implications for mechanisms of tectonic rotation","docAbstract":"In the winter of 1811-12 a series of three great earthquakes occurred in the New Madrid, Missouri seismic zone in the central United States. In addition to the three principal shocks, at least 15 other earthquakes of intensity VIII or more occurred within a year of the first large earthquake on December 16, 1811. The three main shocks were felt over the entire eastern United States. They were strong enough to cause minor damage cause minor damage as far away as Indiana and Ohio on the north, the Carolinas on the east, and southern Mississippi to the south. They were strong enough to cause severe or structural damage in parts of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas. A later section in this article describes what happened in the epicentral region. Fortunately, few people lived in the severely shaken area in 1811; that is not the case today. What would happen if a series of earthquakes as large and numerous as the \"New Madrid\" earthquakes were to occur in the New Madrid seismic zone today?
\nThe photographs accompanying this article show some typical structural damage that occurred during various earthquakes in the United States. Structural damage to buildings beings at intensity VIII in the Modified Mercalli intensity scale, a scale used for assigning numbers to earthquake effects. Minor or architectural damage (cracked plaster, windows, and chimneys) occurs at intensities VI and VII, and effects on people and small objects predominate at intensities below VI (earthquake felt, direction and duration noted, dishes broken and so forth).
\nThe first four photographs show damage caused by intensity VIII and above. None of the damage shown in the photographs in this report occurred in earthquakes larger than the 1811-12 New Madrid shocks, and most of the examples are from considerably smaller shocks. The first two photos show damage to masonry buildings, mostly old and unreinforced, none designed to be earthquake resistant. How many such buildings are in use in your community? The second pair of photos show damage to modern structures close to the epicenter of a magnitude 6.5 earthquake, a small shock compared to the magnitudes (8.4-8.7) of the New Madrid earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hooper, M.G., and Algermissen, S.T., 1985, Kinds of damage that could result from a great earthquake in the central United States: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 3, p. 84-97.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -88.2861328125,\n 34.876918445772084\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 34.89494244739732\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 37.97018468810549\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be43e4b0f59b85e02ea0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, M. G.","contributorId":167776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooper","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135829,"text":"70135829 - 1985 - New York Bight fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:36:16","indexId":"70135829","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New York Bight fault","docAbstract":"High-resolution, single-channel and multichannel seismic-reflection profiles in the New York Bight provide 7 crossings of a 50-km-long fault that trends north-northeast for 30 km from its southern end, then bends northeast, and may continue northward beneath Long Island. Displacement, which is consistently down to the west, decreases upsection and suggests a growth fault. Dip of the fault is near vertical. Its maximum offset of 109 m is the largest offset at the base of the Coastal Plain known for any Cretaceous and younger fault along the East Coast. Seismic stratigraphic controls constrain motion on the fault between Late Cretaceous (95 m.y. B.P.) and middle Oligocene (30 m.y. B.P.). The evidence for Quaternary activity is ambiguous.
\n\n
The fault parallels a magnetic low to the east, interpreted as a buried Mesozoic rift basin from seismic-reflection data, and a gravity low to the west, interpreted as a structure within Paleozoic rocks from well data. Whether these structures control the location of, or movement on, the fault is not clear.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<975:NYBF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., and Grow, J., 1985, New York Bight fault: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 8, p. 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<975:NYBF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"975","endPage":"989","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York","otherGeospatial":"New York Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -73.0535888671875,\n 39.97291055131899\n ],\n [\n -73.0535888671875,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 41.18692242290296\n ],\n [\n -74.739990234375,\n 39.97291055131899\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b746e4b00eda8915ad2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grow, John A.","contributorId":51739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135827,"text":"70135827 - 1985 - Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-23T10:53:45","indexId":"70135827","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform","docAbstract":"A major fault cutting through most of the crust can be identified and mapped on the Long Island platform using multichannel seismic reflection profiles and magnetic data. The fault, here called the Block Island fault (BIF), strikes north-northeast, dips westward at low angle, and does not resemble the thin-skinned thrust faulting observed in the foreland of the Appalachians. The BIF is located within the hinterland of the Appalachian mountain belt in the collision zone between Africa and North America. We present several interpretations but favor one in which the fault originated as an east-verging mid–late Paleozoic thrust fault, possibly related to the collision of Avalon or Meguma with North America. It was probably reactivated during early Mesozoic continental breakup and again in the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary, causing the steeply dipping postrift New Shoreham fault to form, either as an antithetic (normal) or splay (reverse) fault.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<875:BIFAPC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, D.R., Klitgord, K.D., and Detrick, R.S., 1985, Block Island fault: A Paleozoic crustal boundary on the Long Island platform: Geology, v. 13, no. 12, p. 875-879, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<875:BIFAPC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"875","endPage":"879","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Long Island platform","volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5492b73ce4b00eda8915ad07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Detrick, R. S.","contributorId":29133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detrick","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30045,"text":"wri834249 - 1984 - Hydrogeology of a zone of secondary permeability in the surficial aquifer of eastern Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:18:42.974639","indexId":"wri834249","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-12T20:40:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4249","title":"Hydrogeology of a zone of secondary permeability in the surficial aquifer of eastern Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"The surficial aquifer is the primary source of freshwater for the heavily developed coastal area in eastern Palm Beach County, Florida. Well fields are generally located in a discontinuous zone of higher secondary permeability, the northernmost extension of the Biscayne aquifer in the surficial aquifer, that extends from the Juno Beach area south to Broward County and varies in width from about 4 to 15 miles. The zone was formed by varying dissolution of aquifer limestone materials during Pleistocene age changes in sea level, and ranges in depth from about sea level to 220 feet below sea level. Because of proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and saltwater estuaries, the aquifer is susceptible to saltwater intrusion. Ground water to the west of the zone of higher secondary permeability is of poor quality. The ground water is calcium bicarbonate dominant. Dissolved solids, calcium carbonate hardness, and chloride are greatest along the saltwater intruded coastline and in the western part of the study area where diluted residual seawater exists. Total organic carbon increases inland due to infiltration of rainwater through thicker layers of organic soils. Ground-water levels in the surficial aquifer in eastern Palm Beach County are strongly influenced by controlled levels in canals. In March 1981, after 12 months of below average rainfall, ground-water levels ranged from about 2 feet above sea level along the coast to nearly 21 feet above sea level 15 miles inland in the northwest section of the study area. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri834249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Palm Beach County","usgsCitation":"Swayze, L.J., and Miller, W.L., 1984, Hydrogeology of a zone of secondary permeability in the surficial aquifer of eastern Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4249, iv, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834249.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4249/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":58844,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4249/wri834249.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 83-4249"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Palm Beach County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 26.470573022375085\n ],\n [\n -79.903564453125,\n 26.470573022375085\n ],\n [\n -79.903564453125,\n 26.936762457231424\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 26.936762457231424\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 26.470573022375085\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
[none]
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"1984, Earthquakes in the eastern United States: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 6, p. 212-214.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"214","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":332031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116c1e4b08138bf1abd8e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655766,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043783,"text":"70043783 - 1984 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8978,"text":"ofr82695 - 1982 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah","indexId":"ofr82695","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043783,"text":"70043783 - 1984 - Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah","indexId":"70043783","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-17T11:25:35","indexId":"70043783","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"77","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah","docAbstract":"During July 1978 to June 1980, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a reconnaissance of ground-water conditions and ground- and surface-water relationships in the central Weber River area. This reconnaissance was done in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights.
The study area is a series of mountain valleys along the Weber River in the Wasatch Ranqe and between the Wasatch Range and the Uinta Mountains in north-central Utah (fig. 1). As defined for this study, the area includes the Weber River drainage from Hoytsville, just south of Coalville, to the western boundary of Morgan County at the western front of the Wasatch Range (pl. 1). The East Canyon Creek tributary drainage is included from the Weber River to the Morgan County-Summit County line. The study focused on the major valleys along and tributary to the Weber River with less emphasis on the upland tributary areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with The Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Gates, J., Steiger, J.I., and Green, R.T., 1984, Ground-water reconnaissance of the central Weber River area, Morgan and Summit Counties, Utah: Technical Publication 77, vi, 70 p.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"81","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267807,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267806,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000a2.pdf"},{"id":332002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-020"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Morgan County, Summit County","otherGeospatial":"Weber River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.071533203125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -112.15118408203125,\n 41.32320110223851\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 41.24890252240322\n ],\n [\n -112.181396484375,\n 41.14143302653628\n ],\n [\n -112.0880126953125,\n 41.03378713521864\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.992337919312305\n ],\n [\n -111.9342041015625,\n 40.932190241465634\n ],\n [\n -112.00836181640625,\n 40.87406461663041\n ],\n [\n -111.97540283203125,\n 40.75766014997032\n ],\n [\n -111.84356689453125,\n 40.62020704520565\n ],\n [\n -111.85455322265625,\n 40.56806745430726\n ],\n [\n -111.85455322265625,\n 40.50335790374529\n ],\n [\n -111.80511474609375,\n 40.48997103470645\n ],\n [\n -111.70898437499999,\n 40.48997103470645\n ],\n [\n -111.2530517578125,\n 40.58997103470645\n ],\n [\n -110.95779418945312,\n 40.56806745430726\n ],\n [\n -110.85205078124999,\n 40.681679458715635\n ],\n [\n -110.80535888671874,\n 40.99959341455486\n ],\n [\n -111.08963012695312,\n 41.261291493919884\n ],\n [\n -111.5826416015625,\n 41.40565583808169\n ],\n [\n -111.91223144531249,\n 41.3850519497068\n ],\n [\n -112.071533203125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad3ce4b0b6328103b427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, Joseph S.","contributorId":21647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steiger, Judy I. jsteiger@usgs.gov","contributorId":3689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steiger","given":"Judy","email":"jsteiger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":474233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Ronald T.","contributorId":83814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":474235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014083,"text":"70014083 - 1984 - Age and correlation of emerged pliocene and pleistocene deposits, U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T15:01:27.053261","indexId":"70014083","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and correlation of emerged pliocene and pleistocene deposits, U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Paleontologic and paleomagnetic investigations were conducted on several hundred Pliocene and Pleistocene marine samples from five regions of the emerged Atlantic Coastal Plain: (1) the Delmarva Peninsula, (2) eastern Virginia, (3) central and northern North Carolina, (4) southern North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina, and (5) the Charleston area, South Carolina. Molluscan and ostracode interval and assemblage zonations, which are the primary means of regional correlation, have been calibrated using planktic biochronologic, paleomagnetic, radiometric and amino-acid recemization data. These multiple dating criteria were used to determine the age and, where possible, the duration of marine transgressive/regressive sequences. A correlation chart illustrates the age relationships of 27 formations from five regions. One important conclusion is some of the Yorktown Formation of Virginia and North Carolina (including the “Duplin” Formation), and some of the Raysor of South Carolina are late Pliocene in age. The late Pliocene Chowan River Formation of North Carolina is older than the early Pleistocene Waccamaw Formation of South Carolina, which in turn may be older than the James City Formation of North Carolina. During the last 1.0 million years, multiple marine transgressions occurred in each region, but the age of these middle and late Pleistocene formations often may differ from one area to the next.
A significant result of the study is the evidence for the lack of time equivalence of formations in the five different regions; that is, the sequence of marine transgressions in one region does not necessarily correspond to that in another. This appears to be the result of differing subsidence and uplift histories, the patchiness of the depositional record, and the limitations of the dating techniques in light of the rapidity and frequency of sea-level fluctuations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(84)90079-8","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Bybell, L., Poore, R., Blackwelder, B.W., Liddicoat, J.C., and Hazel, J.E., 1984, Age and correlation of emerged pliocene and pleistocene deposits, U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 47, no. 1-2, p. 21-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(84)90079-8.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225812,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.234375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 39.690280594818034\n ],\n [\n -78.06884765624999,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -81.6943359375,\n 33.394759218577995\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 32.045332838858506\n ],\n [\n -76.97021484375,\n 34.32529192442733\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 35.746512259918504\n ],\n [\n -75.60791015625,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 39.13006024213511\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d7e4b0c8380cd47eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, L.M. 0000-0002-4760-7542","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":11220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"L.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blackwelder, B. W.","contributorId":104136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwelder","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liddicoat, J. C.","contributorId":76781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liddicoat","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hazel, J. E.","contributorId":89187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hazel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013909,"text":"70013909 - 1984 - An overview of paleogene molluscan biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Gulf of Alaska region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T15:15:08.632102","indexId":"70013909","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview of paleogene molluscan biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Gulf of Alaska region","docAbstract":"Paleogene marine strata in the Gulf of Alaska region occur in three geographic areas and may be characterized by their molluscan faunal composition and paleoecology: a western area consisting of the Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, and adjacent islands; a central area encompassing Prince William Sound; and an eastern area extending from the mouth of the Copper River to Icy Point in the Lituya district. Strata in the western area include the Ghost Rocks, Narrow Cape (in part), Sitkalidak, Stepovak, Belkofski, and Tolstoi Formations; in the central area Paleogene strata are assigned entirely to the Orca Group; Paleogene strata in the eastern area include the Kulthieth and Poul Creek Formations and several coeval units. Environments ranging from marginal marine to bathyal and from subtropical to cool-temperate are inferred for the various molluscan faunas. Sediments range from interbedded coal and marine sands to deep-water turbidites. The known Paleogene molluscan faunas of these three southern Alaskan areas permit recognition of biostratigraphic schemes within each area, preliminary correlations between faunas of the three areas, and more general correlations with faunas of the Pacific Northwest, the Far Eastern U.S.S.R., and northern Japan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(84)90082-8","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Marincovich, L., and McCoy, S., 1984, An overview of paleogene molluscan biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Gulf of Alaska region: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 47, no. 1-2, p. 91-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(84)90082-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226118,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.16016898665896,\n 52.53370257192515\n ],\n [\n -165.87722752127797,\n 53.011068953297425\n ],\n [\n -150.56744496884684,\n 57.07373444976588\n ],\n [\n -152.06112809170114,\n 58.543491125197704\n ],\n [\n -157.20426229979498,\n 58.73570361951738\n ],\n [\n -170.08830120094672,\n 53.82391633092445\n ],\n [\n -170.16016898665896,\n 52.53370257192515\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaace4b0c8380cd489e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marincovich, L. Jr.","contributorId":16157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marincovich","given":"L.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCoy, S. Jr.","contributorId":75287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"S.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013162,"text":"70013162 - 1984 - Depositional environments and paleogeography of the Upper Miocene Wassuk Group, west-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:25:02.017608","indexId":"70013162","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional environments and paleogeography of the Upper Miocene Wassuk Group, west-central Nevada","docAbstract":"Fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the Miocene Wassuk Group, exposed in Coal Valley, west-central Nevada, are divided into five lithofacies: (1) diatomite, claystone, siltstone, and carbonaceous siltstone deposited in a lake with paludal conditions at the margin; (2) upward-coarsening sequences of sandstone deposited on a delta and fan-delta; (3) channel-form sandstone deposited on a distal braided alluvial plain; (4) clast-supported conglomerate deposited on a proxial braided alluvial plain or distal alluvial fan; and (5) matrix-supported conglomerate deposited on a distal to middle alluvial fan.
Petrographic analysis records an upsection change from a predominantly andesitic to a predominantly plutonic provenance. This change, combined with the overall upward-coarsening of the Wassuk Group and the great thickness (2400 m) of the sequence, suggests active uplift and rapid subsidence during deposition of the group. Facies relationships and paleocurrent directions indicate source areas to the south, southeast and west of Coal Valley.
The Miocene Wassuk Group was deposited in an intra-arc basin with penecontemporaneous volcanism and tectonic activity. Syndepositional faulting at the southern margin of Coal Valley between 13 and 11 m.y. ago suggests an early episode of northeast-southwest extension prior to the onset of east-west basin and range extension.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(84)90078-2","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Golia, R., and Stewart, J., 1984, Depositional environments and paleogeography of the Upper Miocene Wassuk Group, west-central Nevada: Sedimentary Geology, v. 38, no. 1-4, p. 159-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(84)90078-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"west-central Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.40698202422459,\n 39.09282750646997\n ],\n [\n -119.40698202422459,\n 38.44851649785684\n ],\n [\n -118.61900547067495,\n 38.44851649785684\n ],\n [\n -118.61900547067495,\n 39.09282750646997\n ],\n [\n -119.40698202422459,\n 39.09282750646997\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059febfe4b0c8380cd4eed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golia, R.T.","contributorId":44288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golia","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":14383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014047,"text":"70014047 - 1984 - A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-26T16:52:03.221469","indexId":"70014047","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system is one of the largest, basaltic, volcanic field in the world. Here, there is clear evidence for northeasterly progression of rhyolitic volcanism with its present position in Yellowstone. Many theories have been advanced for the origin of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone system. Yellowstone and Eastern Snake River Plain have been studied intensively using various geophysical techniques. Some sparse geophysical data are available for the Western Snake River Plain as well. Teleseismic data show the presence of a large anomalous body with low P- and S-wave velocities in the crust and upper mantle under the Yellowstone caldera. A similar body in which compressional wave velocity is lower than in the surrounding rock is present under the Eastern Snake River Plain. No data on upper mantle anomalies are available for the Western Snake River Plain. Detailed seismic refraction data for the Eastern Snake River Plain show strong lateral heterogeneities and suggest thinning of the granitic crust from below by mafic intrusion. Available data for the Western Snake River Plain also show similar thinning of the upper crust and its replacement by mafic material. The seismic refraction results in Yellowstone show no evidence of the low-velocity anomalies in the lower crust suggested by teleseismic P-delay data and interpreted as due to extensive partial melting. However, the seismic refraction models indicate lower-than-normal velocities and strong lateral inhomogeneities in the upper crust. Particularly obvious in the refraction data are two regions of very low seismic velocities near the Mallard Eake and Sour Creek resurgent domes in the Yellowstone caldera. The low-velocity body near the Sour Creek resurgent dome is interpreted as partially molten rock. Together with other geophysical and thermal data, the seismic results indicate that a sub-lithospheric thermal anomaly is responsible for the time-progressive volcanism along the Eastern Snake River Plain. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the volcanism and details of magma storage and migration are not yet fully understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(84)90209-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Iyer, H.M., 1984, A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.: Tectonophysics, v. 105, no. 1-4, p. 291-308, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90209-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"308","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.75522630969246,\n 48.99647522967908\n ],\n [\n -121.34357181116266,\n 40.94856106036778\n ],\n [\n -120.51316857399542,\n 40.82964955876772\n ],\n [\n -116.84272791453125,\n 41.89549551259576\n ],\n [\n -115.64848818410448,\n 41.3864499907779\n ],\n [\n -113.86318033209798,\n 41.953660184765866\n ],\n [\n -110.16687892122758,\n 43.55396021584184\n ],\n [\n -110.88285627702768,\n 48.99647522967908\n ],\n [\n -120.75522630969246,\n 48.99647522967908\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"105","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e54fe4b0c8380cd46c9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iyer, H. M.","contributorId":17997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iyer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014020,"text":"70014020 - 1984 - A seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-27T15:45:16.001861","indexId":"70014020","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas","docAbstract":"We have produced a probabilistic seismic hazard map showing peak ground accelerations in rock for India and neighboring areas having a 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. Seismogenic zones were identified on the basis of historical seismicity, seismotectonics and geology of the region. Procedures for reducing the incompleteness of earthquake catalogs were followed before estimating recurrence parameters. An eastern United States acceleration attenuation relationship was employed after it was found that intensity attenuation for the Indian region and the eastern United States was similar. The largest probabilistic accelerations are obtained in the seismotectonic belts of Kirthar, Hindukush, Himalaya, Arakan-Yoma, and the Shillong massif where values of over 70% g have been calculated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(84)90156-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Khattri, K., Rogers, A.M., Perkins, D.M., and Algermissen, S.T., 1984, A seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas: Tectonophysics, v. 108, no. 1-2, p. 93-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(84)90156-2.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"134","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 67.21762106125573,\n 31.68731396118072\n ],\n [\n 67.21762106125573,\n 5.9107565155947555\n ],\n [\n 90.44877764248156,\n 5.9107565155947555\n ],\n [\n 90.44877764248156,\n 31.68731396118072\n ],\n [\n 67.21762106125573,\n 31.68731396118072\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57fe4b0c8380cd46d90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Khattri, K.N.","contributorId":60391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khattri","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, A. M.","contributorId":92251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, D. M.","contributorId":83922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}